Wys bron van X17-deeltjie

{{Weesbladsy}}
{{Inligtingskas deeltjie
| naam=X17-deeltjie
|beeld=
|breedte=
|onderskrif=
| samestelling=[[Elementêre deeltjie]]
| groep=[[Boson]]s
| wisselwerking=Vyfde [[basiese natuurkrag]]
| simbool= X17
| geteoretiseer=2015
| ontdek=
| massa={{val|16.70|0.35|ul=MeV}}
| elektriese_lading=0 [[Elektriese lading|''e'']] 
}}

Die '''X17-deeltjie''' is ’n hipotetiese [[subatomiese deeltjie]] wat voorgestel is deur Attila Krasznahorkay en sy kollegas om sekere afwykende metingsresultate te verduidelik.<ref name="PRL-20160126">{{cite journal |author=Krasznahorkay, A.J. |display-authors=et al. |title=Observation of Anomalous Internal Pair Creation in <sup>8</sup>Be: A Possible Indication of a Light, Neutral Boson |date=26 Januarie 2016 |journal=Physical Review Letters |volume=116 |issue=42501 |pages=042501 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.042501 |pmid=26871324 |bibcode=2016PhRvL.116d2501K |arxiv=1504.01527 }}</ref><ref name="SA-20191209">{{cite web |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/evidence-of-new-x17-particle-reported-but-scientists-are-wary/ |title=Evidence of New X17 Particle Reported, but Scientists Are Wary |last=O'Callaghan |first=Jonathan |website=Scientific American |access-date=9 Desember 2019 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200212222229/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/evidence-of-new-x17-particle-reported-but-scientists-are-wary/ |archive-date=12 Februarie 2020 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Die deeltjie is voorgestel om wye hoeke te verduidelik in bane van deeltjies wat geproduseer is tydens ’n kernoorgang van [[berillium]]-8-atome, asook in stabiele [[helium]]-atome.{{r|IND-20191121}} 

Die X17-deeltjie kan die draer van ’n voorgestelde vyfde [[basiese natuurkrag]] wees wat moontlik verband hou met [[donker materie]].<ref name="IND-20191121">{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/dark-matter-particle-hungary-atomki-nuclear-research-force-nature-a9210741.html |title=Scientists may have discovered fifth force of nature, laboratory announces |last1=Cockburn |first1=Harry |date=21 November 2019 |work=The Independent |access-date=21 November 2019 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200515111627/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/dark-matter-particle-hungary-atomki-nuclear-research-force-nature-a9210741.html |archive-date=15 Mei 2020 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Dit is dalk ’n [[X- en Y-bosone|X-boson]] met ’n massa van sowat {{val|17|ul= MeV}}.{{r|IND-20191121}}

==Geskiedenis==
In 2015 het Krasznahorkay en sy kollegas by die Instituut vir Kernnavorsing van die [[Hongarye|Hongaarse]] Wetenskapakademie die bestaan van ’n nuwe, ligte [[boson]] voorgestel wat sowat {{val|17|u=MeV}} weeg (34 keer swaarder as die [[elektron]]).<ref name="Cartlidge2016">{{Cite journal|last=Cartlidge|first=Edwin|title=Has a Hungarian physics lab found a fifth force of nature?|url=http://www.nature.com/news/has-a-hungarian-physics-lab-found-a-fifth-force-of-nature-1.19957|journal=Nature|doi=10.1038/nature.2016.19957|year=2016}}</ref> In ’n poging om ’n "donker" [[foton]] te ontdek het die Hongaarse span [[proton]]e afgevuur na dun teikens van [[litium]]-7, wat onstabiele berillium-8-kerns tot gevolg gehad het. Dié het toe verval en pare elektrone en [[positron]]e geskep. Oormatige vervalle by ’n openingshoek van 140° tussen die deeltjies ''e''<sup>+</sup> en ''e''<sup>−</sup>, en ’n gesamentlike [[energie]] van sowat {{val|17|u=MeV}}, is waargeneem. Dit het aangedui dat ’n klein deel van berillium-8 dalk sy oortollige energie uitstraal in die vorm van ’n nuwe deeltjie. Die span het die resultaat suksesvol herhaal.{{r|IND-20191121}}

[[Lêer:Standard Model of Elementary Particles afr.svg|duimnael|250px|Die deeltjies van die Standaardmodel.]]
In 2019 is eksperimente nog uitgevoer om die resultate te bevestig of verkeerd te bewys.<ref name="Cartlidge2016" /><ref>{{cite journal|title=Protophobic Fifth Force Interpretation of the Observed Anomaly in <sup>8</sup>Be Nuclear Transitions|author=J. L. Feng|display-authors=etal|year=2016|arxiv=1604.07411|doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.071803|pmid=27563952|volume=117|issue=7|pages=071803|journal=Physical Review Letters|bibcode=2016PhRvL.117g1803F|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1059042}}</ref>

In November 2019 het Krasznahorkay aangekondig hy en sy span het dieselfde afwykings waargeneem in die verval van stabiele heliumatome, en dit het die moontlikheid van die bestaan van die X-17-deeltjie vergroot.<ref name="ARX-20191023">{{cite arxiv|author=Krasznahorkay, A.J.|display-authors=et al.|title=New evidence supporting the existence of the hypothetic X17 particle|date=23 Oktober 2019|eprint=1910.10459v1|class=nucl-ex}}</ref> Dit is gepubliseer in wetenskappublikasies, wat grootliks gefokus het op die implikasies wat die bestaan van die X17-deeltjie en ’n ooreenstemmende vyfde basiese natuurkrag kan hê in die soeke na donker materie.<ref name="SA-20191120">{{cite news |url=https://www.sciencealert.com/physicists-claim-a-they-ve-found-even-more-evidence-of-a-new-force-of-nature |title=Physicists Claim They've Found Even More Evidence of a New Force of Nature |last=McRae |first=Mike |date=20 November 2019 |work=ScienceAlert.com |access-date=20 November 2019 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609143322/https://www.sciencealert.com/physicists-claim-a-they-ve-found-even-more-evidence-of-a-new-force-of-nature |archive-date=9 Junie 2020 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="CNN-20191122">{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/11/22/world/fifth-force-of-nature-scn-trnd/index.html |title=A 'no-brainer Nobel Prize': Hungarian scientists may have found a fifth force of nature |last=Prior |first=Ryan |date=22 November 2019 |work=CNN News |access-date=22 November 2019 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200513194053/https://www.cnn.com/2019/11/22/world/fifth-force-of-nature-scn-trnd/index.html |archive-date=13 Mei 2020 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="TE-20191121&quot;">{{cite news |url=https://www.techexplorist.com/scientists-discovered-fifth-force-nature/27946/ |title=Scientists may have discovered the fifth force of nature - It's not the first time researchers claim to have caught a glimpse of it. |last=Malewar |first=Amit |date=21 November 2019 |work=TechExplorist.com |access-date=23 November 2019 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522211601/https://www.techexplorist.com/scientists-discovered-fifth-force-nature/27946/ |archive-date=22 Mei 2020 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref>

==Kritiek==
In 2019 was die artikel waarin die deeltjie beskryf is, nog nie [[Kollegiale toetsing|kollegiaal getoets]] nie, en dit moet dus as voorlopig beskou word.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livescience.com/amp/fifth-force-could-exist.html|title=Mysterious 'Particle X17' Could Carry a Newfound Fifth Force of Nature, But Most Experts Are Skeptical {{!}} Live Science|website=www.livescience.com|access-date=2019-12-09}}</ref> Pogings by [[CERN]] en deur ander groepe om die deeltjie onafhanklik op te spoor was ook onsuksesvol.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Banerjee|first=D.|last2=Burtsev|first2=V. E.|last3=Chumakov|first3=A. G.|last4=Cooke|first4=D.|last5=Crivelli|first5=P.|last6=Depero|first6=E.|last7=Dermenev|first7=A. V.|last8=Donskov|first8=S. V.|last9=Dusaev|first9=R. R.|last10=Enik|first10=T.|last11=Charitonidis|first11=N.|date=2018-06-08|title=Search for a Hypothetical 16.7 MeV Gauge Boson and Dark Photons in the NA64 Experiment at CERN|url=https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.231802|journal=Physical Review Letters|language=en|volume=120|issue=23|pages=231802|doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.231802|issn=0031-9007}}</ref>

Die Hongaarse groep het in 2016 ook beweer hulle het verskeie ander nuwe deeltjies ontdek en die bewerings later teruggetrek, sonder om te verduidelik wat die vals seine veroorsaak het. Hulle is ook daarvan beskuldig dat hulle konsentreer op resulte wat nuwe deeltjies ondersteun terwyl hulle negatiewe resultate ignoreer.<ref name="QM-20160607">{{cite news |url=https://www.quantamagazine.org/new-boson-claim-faces-scrutiny-20160607/ |title=Evidence of a 'Fifth Force' Faces Scrutiny - A lab in Hungary has reported an anomaly that could lead to a physics revolution. But even as excitement builds, closer scrutiny has unearthed a troubling backstory. |last=Wolchover |first=Natalie |date=7 Junie 2016 |work=Quanta Magazine |access-date=20 November 2019 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604231351/https://www.quantamagazine.org/new-boson-claim-faces-scrutiny-20160607/ |archive-date=4 Junie 2020 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Siegel |first=Ethan |date=26 November 2019 |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/startswithabang/2019/11/26/this-is-why-the-x17-particle-and-a-new-fifth-force-probably-dont-exist/#7c58618f2e82 |title=This is Why the 'X17' Particle and a New, Fifth Force Probably Don't Exist |website=Forbes |access-date=28 November 2019 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200220155037/https://www.forbes.com/sites/startswithabang/2019/11/26/this-is-why-the-x17-particle-and-a-new-fifth-force-probably-dont-exist/ |archive-date=20 Februarie 2020 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref>

Die X17-deeltjie pas nie in die [[Standaardmodel]] nie en die bestaan daarvan sal deur ’n ander teorie verduidelik moet word.<ref name="SA-20191209" />

==Sien ook==
*[[Lys van deeltjies]]
*[[X- en Y-bosone]]

== Verwysings ==
{{Verwysings|2}}

==Eksterne skakels==
*[[Lêer:Crystal txt.png|15px]] Hierdie artikel is vertaal uit die [[:en:X17 particle|Engelse Wikipedia]]

{{Normdata}}
[[Kategorie:Subatomiese deeltjies]]
[[Kategorie:Teoretiese fisika]]
[[Kategorie:Hipotetiese elementêre deeltjies]]