{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T21:44:31Z","timestamp":1775771071256,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,28]],"date-time":"2019-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1566950400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/linproxy.fan.workers.dev:443\/http\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003549","name":"Hungarian Scientific Research Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OTKA K-112125"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OTKA K-112125"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003549","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009567","name":"Budapesti M\u0171szaki \u00e9s Gazdas\u00e1gtudom\u00e1nyi Egyetem","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BME FIKP-MI\/SC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BME FIKP-MI\/SC"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009567","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012550","name":"Nemzeti Kutat\u00e1si, Fejleszt\u00e9si \u00e9s Innovaci\u00f3s Alap","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TUDFO\/51757\/2019-ITM, Thematic Excellence Program"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TUDFO\/51757\/2019-ITM, Thematic Excellence Program"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012550","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Communication"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this letter, we derive the maximal achievable secret key rates for continuous\u2010variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) over free\u2010space optical (FSO) quantum channels. We provide a channel decomposition for FSO\u2010CVQKD quantum channels and study the SNR (signal\u2010to\u2010noise ratio) characteristics. The analytical derivations focus particularly on the low\u2010SNR scenarios. The results are convenient for wireless quantum key distribution and for the quantum Internet.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dac.4152","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,28]],"date-time":"2019-08-28T23:22:45Z","timestamp":1567034565000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/linproxy.fan.workers.dev:443\/https\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Secret key rates of free\u2010space optical continuous\u2010variable quantum key distribution"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/linproxy.fan.workers.dev:443\/https\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4209-7619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laszlo","family":"Gyongyosi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronics and Computer Science University of Southampton  Southampton UK"},{"name":"Department of Networked Systems and Services Budapest University of Technology and Economics  Budapest Hungary"},{"name":"MTA\u2010BME Information Systems Research Group Hungarian Academy of Sciences  Budapest Hungary"}]},{"given":"Sandor","family":"Imre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Networked Systems and Services Budapest University of Technology and Economics  Budapest Hungary"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms15043"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/2058-9565\/aac394"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","unstructured":"PirandolaS.Capacities of Repeater\u2010Assisted Quantum Communications. arXiv preprint arXiv:1601.00966;2016."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2017.2786748"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1039111.1039118"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118337462"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","unstructured":"KiasalehK.Channel Estimation for FSO Channels Subject to gamma\u2010gamma Turbulence. In: Proc. International Conference on Space Optical Systems and Applications (ICSOS).Corsica;2012."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2013.043013.130119"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/127657"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2010.093010.090116A"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","unstructured":"GrosshansF GrangierP.Reverse Reconciliation Protocols for Quantum Cryptography with Continuous Variables. arXiv:quant\u2010ph\/0204127v1;2002."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118648919"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2008.927260"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13119-013-0026-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2016.291"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.98.022310"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","unstructured":"PirandolaS ManciniS LloydS BraunsteinSL.Continuous variable quantum cryptography using two\u2010way quantum communication. arXiv:quant\u2010ph\/0611167v3;2008."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","unstructured":"BennettCH BrassardG.Quantum cryptography: public key distribution and coin tossing. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computers Systems and Signal Processing;1984;Bangalore:175\u2010179."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.89.022307"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms4732"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1367-2630\/18\/5\/053001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.101.200504"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","unstructured":"JouguetP Kunz\u2010JacquesS.High performance error correction for quantum key distribution using polar codes. arXiv:1204.5882v2;2012."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.84.621"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.102.050503"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.76.042305"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","unstructured":"QiB LimCC.Noise analysis of simultaneous quantum key distribution and classical communication scheme using a true local oscillator.2017. arXiv:1708.08742v1 76 042305."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","first-page":"101","article-title":"Balancing four\u2010state continuous\u2010variable quantum key distribution with linear optics cloning machine","volume":"11","author":"Wu X\u2010D","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chinese Phys B"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSYST.2010.2088750"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.96.032318"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.25.007919"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01289"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/2058-9565\/aabc6b"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Continuous\u2010variable quantum key distribution with gaussian modulation \u2010 the theory of pract implement","volume":"1","author":"Laudenbach F","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Quantum Technol"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","volume-title":"Quantum Information Theory and Quantum Statistics","author":"Petz D","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42005-019-0147-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2018.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GyongyosiL ImreS.Adaptive multicarrier quadrature division modulation for long\u2010distance continuous\u2010variable quantum key distribution. In: Proc. SPIE 9123 Quantum Information and Computation XII.Baltimore;2014:912307.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2050095"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dac.4003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Gaussian quadrature inference for multicarrier continuous\u2010variable quantum key distribution","volume":"1","author":"Gyongyosi L","year":"2019","journal-title":"Quantum Studies: Mathematics and Foundations"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dac.3865"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chaos.2018.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app8010087"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_1","unstructured":"JouguetP Kunz\u2010JacquesS LeverrierA GrangierP DiamantiE.Experimental demonstration of long\u2010distance continuous\u2010variable quantum key distribution. arXiv:1210.6216v1;2012."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.94.020505"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.97.190502"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.105.110501"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.97.052328"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11128-018-2147-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_51_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Singular value decomposition assisted multicarriercontinuous\u2010variable quantum key distribution","volume":"1","author":"Gyongyosi L","year":"2019","journal-title":"Theo Comp Sci"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Communication Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/linproxy.fan.workers.dev:443\/https\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fdac.4152","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/linproxy.fan.workers.dev:443\/https\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/dac.4152","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,2]],"date-time":"2023-09-02T07:31:23Z","timestamp":1693639883000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linproxy.fan.workers.dev:443\/https\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/dac.4152"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,28]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/dac.4152"],"URL":"https:\/\/linproxy.fan.workers.dev:443\/https\/doi.org\/10.1002\/dac.4152","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1074-5351","1099-1131"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1074-5351","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-1131","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-05-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-07-31","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-08-28","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e4152"}}