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Initially, subjective weights are determined using the order relation analysis method (G1 method). Objective weights are then derived through an enhanced entropy weight method that incorporates the Criteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation (CRITIC) approach to reflect inter-indicator dependencies. The moment estimation method integrates these subjective and objective weights. Subsequently, the conventional two-dimensional cloud model is refined by introducing the Ordered Weighted Geometric Averaging (OWGA) operator, enabling the direct inclusion of decision-makers\u2019 optimism toward the evaluation object. This integrated model facilitates a more accurate evaluation of contract performance risks, reducing the distortion in outcomes typically caused by one-sided closeness calculations in traditional models. A case analysis validates the method\u2019s scientific robustness and practical applicability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s1793962325500564","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]],"date-time":"2025-09-04T06:38:59Z","timestamp":1756967939000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A risk classification method for contract performance based on G1-improved entropy weight two-dimensional cloud model"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/linproxy.fan.workers.dev:443\/https\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-5250-4075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yufeng","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Management Engineering and Equipment Economics, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan, Hubei 430033, P. R. 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