{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T08:40:34Z","timestamp":1770885634015,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":108,"publisher":"ACM","funder":[{"name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Discovery Grant","award":["#RGPIN-2020-03966"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#RGPIN-2020-03966"]}]},{"name":"Waterloo Institute for Sustainable Aeronautics (WISA) FedDev RESEARCH-FOR-IMPACT (RFI) Program","award":[""],"award-info":[{"award-number":[""]}]},{"name":"NSF grant","award":["IIS-2441310"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IIS-2441310"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3746059.3747792","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T07:44:49Z","timestamp":1758959089000},"page":"1-21","update-policy":"https:\/\/linproxy.fan.workers.dev:443\/https\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["ATCion: Exploring the Design of Icon-based Visual Aids for Enhancing In-cockpit Air Traffic Control Communication"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/linproxy.fan.workers.dev:443\/https\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7730-8552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yue","family":"Lyu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"David R. Cheriton School of Computer Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/linproxy.fan.workers.dev:443\/https\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5374-1441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xizi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"David R. Cheriton School of Computer Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/linproxy.fan.workers.dev:443\/https\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9406-1606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanlu","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/linproxy.fan.workers.dev:443\/https\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9414-9911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yalong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Interactive Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/linproxy.fan.workers.dev:443\/https\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5008-4319","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jian","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"A. Achachi and D. Benatia. 2015. TCAS Solution to Reduce Alarm Rate in Cockpit and Increase Air Safety. International Journal of Control and Automation 8 (2015) 157\u2013168. 10.14257\/IJCA.2015.8.4.17","DOI":"10.14257\/IJCA.2015.8.4.17"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"B. Bailey and J. Konstan. 2006. On the need for attention-aware systems: Measuring effects of interruption on task performance error rate and affective state. Comput. Hum. Behav. 22 (2006) 685\u2013708. 10.1016\/j.chb.2005.12.009","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2005.12.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315595641"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IPCC.1992.673066"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paul Bertelson and B\u00e9atrice De\u00a0Gelder. 2004. The psychology of multimodal perception. Crossmodal space and crossmodal attention (2004) 141\u2013177.","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780198524861.003.0007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DASC.2004.1391272"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3404983.3405518"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_9_2","unstructured":"Ben Caldwell Michael Cooper Loretta Guarino\u00a0Reid and Gregg Vanderheiden. 2008. Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0. https:\/\/linproxy.fan.workers.dev:443\/http\/www.w3.org\/TR\/WCAG20\/. Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) retrieved on January 15 2012."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nilg\u00fcn Camg\u00f6z Cengiz Yener and Dilek G\u00fcven\u00e7. 2004. Effects of hue saturation and brightness: Part 2: Attention. 29 1 (2004) 20\u201328. 10.1002\/col.10214","DOI":"10.1002\/col.10214"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_11_2","unstructured":"Nav Canada. 2024. IFR Phraseology. Available online. https:\/\/linproxy.fan.workers.dev:443\/https\/www.navcanada.ca\/en\/ifr-phraseology.pdf Accessed: 2024-09-10."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_12_2","unstructured":"Nav Canada. 2024. VFR Phraseology. Available online. https:\/\/linproxy.fan.workers.dev:443\/https\/www.navcanada.ca\/en\/vfr-phraseology.pdf Accessed: 2024-09-10."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Francesco Cappello S. Ramasamy and R. Sabatini. 2016. A low-cost and high performance navigation system for small RPAS applications. Aerospace Science and Technology 58 (2016) 529\u2013545. 10.1016\/J.AST.2016.09.002","DOI":"10.1016\/J.AST.2016.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Andrew Chan Karon\u00a0E Maclean and Joanna McGrenere. 2008. Designing haptic icons to support collaborative turn-taking. Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud. 66 (2008) 333\u2013355. 10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2007.11.002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2007.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Salome Coertze S. Conradie Chris\u00a0R. Burger and Kate Huddlestone. 2014. Aviation English in South African airspace. 42 (2014) 41\u201362. 10.5842\/42-0-167Pilots and air-traffic controllers in South Africa effectively communicate using Aviation English and standard phraseology avoiding potentially hazardous situations when miscommunications occure..","DOI":"10.5842\/42-0-167"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"P. Corradini and C. Cacciari. 2002. The Effect of Workload and Workshift on Air Traffic Control: A Taxonomy of Communicative Problems. Cognition Technology & Work 4 (2002) 229\u2013239. 10.1007\/s101110200021","DOI":"10.1007\/s101110200021"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nelson Cowan. 2001. The magical number 4 in short-term memory: A reconsideration of mental storage capacity. Behavioral and brain sciences 24 1 (2001) 87\u2013114.","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X01003922"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"P. Drouilhet. 1973. The Development of the ATC Radar Beacon System: Past Present and Future. IEEE Trans. Commun. 21 (1973) 408\u2013421. 10.1109\/TCOM.1973.1091687","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOM.1973.1091687"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/57167.57188"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jerry\u00a0G Ells and Robert\u00a0E Dewar. 1979. Rapid comprehension of verbal and symbolic traffic sign messages. Human Factors 21 2 (1979) 161\u2013168.","DOI":"10.1177\/001872087902100203"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"M. Endsley. 1999. Situation Awareness In Aviation Systems. (1999) 223\u2013242. 10.1201\/B10401-15","DOI":"10.1201\/B10401-15"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mica\u00a0R. Endsley. 1995. Toward a Theory of Situation Awareness in Dynamic Systems. Human Factors: The Journal of Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 37 (1995) 32 \u2013 64. https:\/\/linproxy.fan.workers.dev:443\/https\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:8347993","DOI":"10.1518\/001872095779049543"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mica\u00a0R. Endsley. 2015. Situation Awareness Misconceptions and Misunderstandings. Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making 9 (2015) 32 \u2013 4. https:\/\/linproxy.fan.workers.dev:443\/https\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:53651902","DOI":"10.1177\/1555343415572631"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_24_2","unstructured":"European Union Aviation Safety Agency. 2023. CS\u201123 Certification Specifications for Normal Utility Aerobatic and Commuter Aeroplanes. https:\/\/linproxy.fan.workers.dev:443\/https\/www.easa.europa.eu\/document-library\/certification-specifications\/cs-23."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_25_2","volume-title":"The Cambridge dictionary of statistics","author":"Everitt Brian","year":"1998","unstructured":"Brian Everitt. 1998. The Cambridge dictionary of statistics. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_26_2","unstructured":"FAD. 2024. Federal Aviation Administration DOT \u00a7 61.51. https:\/\/linproxy.fan.workers.dev:443\/https\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CFR-2011-title14-vol2\/pdf\/CFR-2011-title14-vol2-sec61-51.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_27_2","unstructured":"Federal Aviation Administration. 2011. Advisory Circular AC\u00a023.1311\u20111C: Installation of Electronic Displays in Part\u00a023 Airplanes. https:\/\/linproxy.fan.workers.dev:443\/https\/www.faa.gov\/documentLibrary\/media\/Advisory_Circular\/AC_23_1311-1C.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_28_2","unstructured":"Federal Aviation Administration. 2023. 14 CFR \u00a761.109 - Aeronautical experience: Private pilot. Accessed from https:\/\/linproxy.fan.workers.dev:443\/https\/www.ecfr.gov\/current\/title-14\/chapter-I\/subchapter-D\/part-61\/subpart-E\/section-61.109."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_29_2","unstructured":"Federal Aviation Administration. 2023. 14 CFR \u00a761.129 - Aeronautical experience: Commercial pilot. Accessed from https:\/\/linproxy.fan.workers.dev:443\/https\/www.ecfr.gov\/current\/title-14\/chapter-I\/subchapter-D\/part-61\/subpart-F\/section-61.129."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_30_2","unstructured":"Federal Aviation Administration. 2023. Become a Pilot. https:\/\/linproxy.fan.workers.dev:443\/https\/www.faa.gov\/pilots\/become Accessed: 2025-04-04."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_31_2","unstructured":"Federal Aviation Administration. 2024. 14 CFR Part\u00a023 \u2013 Airworthiness Standards: Normal Category Airplanes. https:\/\/linproxy.fan.workers.dev:443\/https\/www.ecfr.gov\/current\/title-14\/chapter-I\/subchapter-C\/part-23."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"H.\u00a0M. Ferguson and G. Mainwaring. 1971. A survey of visual guidance aids for aircraft. Lighting Research and Technology 3 (1971) 251 \u2013 267. 10.1177\/096032717100300402","DOI":"10.1177\/096032717100300402"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_33_2","volume-title":"Cognitive issues in head-up displays","author":"Fischer Edith","year":"1980","unstructured":"Edith Fischer and Richard\u00a0F Haines. 1980. Cognitive issues in head-up displays. Technical Report."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Elizabeth\u00a0A. Flynn Kenneth\u00a0N. Barker JT Gibson Robert\u00a0E. Pearson Bruce\u00a0A. Berger and LA Smith. 1999. Impact of interruptions and distractions on dispensing errors in an ambulatory care pharmacy. American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists 56 13 (1999) 1319\u201325. 10.1093\/AJHP\/56.13.1319","DOI":"10.1093\/AJHP\/56.13.1319"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DASC43569.2019.9081645"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Max Friedrich Dale Richards and Mark Vollrath. 2022. Icon design for representing safety-critical aircraft functions to support supervisory control of remotely piloted aircraft systems. Aerospace 9 4 (2022) 181.","DOI":"10.3390\/aerospace9040181"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Max Friedrich and Mark Vollrath. 2021. Human\u2013machine interface design for monitoring safety risks associated with operating small unmanned aircraft systems in urban areas. Aerospace 8 3 (2021) 71.","DOI":"10.3390\/aerospace8030071"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mirta Galesic Rocio Garcia-Retamero and Gerd Gigerenzer. 2009. Using icon arrays to communicate medical risks: overcoming low numeracy. Health psychology 28 2 (2009) 210.","DOI":"10.1037\/a0014474"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"David Gittins. 1986. Icon-based human-computer interaction. International Journal of Man-Machine Studies 24 6 (1986) 519\u2013543.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(86)80007-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"E. Haas and J.\u00a0V. Erp. 2014. Multimodal warnings to enhance risk communication and safety. Safety Science 61 (2014) 29\u201335. 10.1016\/J.SSCI.2013.07.011","DOI":"10.1016\/J.SSCI.2013.07.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Haryani Hamzah and Wong\u00a0Fook Fei. 2018. Miscommunication in Pilot-controller Interaction. 3L The Southeast Asian Journal of English Language Studies (2018). 10.17576\/3L-2018-2404-15","DOI":"10.17576\/3L-2018-2404-15"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sandra\u00a0G. Hart. 2006. Nasa-Task Load Index (NASA-TLX); 20 Years Later. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 50 9 (2006) 904\u2013908. 10.1177\/154193120605000909 arXiv:10.1177\/154193120605000909","DOI":"10.1177\/154193120605000909"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/800049.801748"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DASC.2004.1391346"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"J. Howland. 1993. Digital air\/ground communications for air traffic control. IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine 9 (1993) 20\u201324. 10.1109\/DASC.1995.482804","DOI":"10.1109\/DASC.1995.482804"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_46_2","volume-title":"Manual of Radiotelephony (4th ed.)","author":"Organization International Civil Aviation","year":"2007","unstructured":"International Civil Aviation Organization. 2007. Manual of Radiotelephony (4th ed.). Montreal, Canada. https:\/\/linproxy.fan.workers.dev:443\/https\/www.ealts.com\/documents\/ICAO%20Doc%209432%20Manual%20of%20Radiotelephony%20(4th%20ed.%202007).pdfICAO Doc 9432."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3544548.3580891"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_48_2","volume-title":"Charts and Airway Manual","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jeppesen. 2024. Charts and Airway Manual. https:\/\/linproxy.fan.workers.dev:443\/https\/ww2.jeppesen.com\/navigation-solutions\/charts-and-airway-manual\/ Accessed: 2024-09-12."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"L.\u00a0F. Jones H.\u00a0J. Schrader and J.\u00a0N. Marshall. 1950. Pictorial Display in Aircraft Navigation and Landing. Proceedings of the IRE 38 (1950) 391\u2013400. 10.1109\/JRPROC.1950.231434","DOI":"10.1109\/JRPROC.1950.231434"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Charles\u00a0J Kacmar and Jane\u00a0M Carey. 1991. Assessing the usability of icons in user interfaces. Behaviour & Information Technology 10 6 (1991) 443\u2013457.","DOI":"10.1080\/01449299108924303"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mohammed\u00a0Sa\u00efd Kasttet Abdelouahid Lyhyaoui Douae Zbakh Adil Aramja and Abderazzek Kachkari. 2023. Toward effective aircraft call sign detection using fuzzy string-matching between ASR and ADS-B Data. Aerospace 11 1 (2023) 32.","DOI":"10.3390\/aerospace11010032"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3544549.3585742"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"David\u00a0R Kelley and J. Steinbacher. 1993. An Analysis of Pilot Deviations in Runway Incidents. Air traffic control quarterly 1 (1993) 197\u2013221. 10.2514\/ATCQ.1.2.197","DOI":"10.2514\/ATCQ.1.2.197"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karol Kerns. 1991. Data-link communication between controllers and pilots: A review and synthesis of the simulation literature. The International Journal of Aviation Psychology 1 3 (1991) 181\u2013204.","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327108ijap0103_1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2514\/6.2003-6814"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yi Lin Xianlong Tan Bo Yang Kai Yang Jianwei Zhang and Jing Yu. 2019. Real-time Controlling Dynamics Sensing in Air Traffic System. Sensors (Basel Switzerland) 19 (2019). 10.3390\/s19030679","DOI":"10.3390\/s19030679"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Isaac\u00a0M Lipkus and Justin\u00a0G Hollands. 1999. The visual communication of risk. JNCI monographs 1999 25 (1999) 149\u2013163.","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jncimonographs.a024191"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_58_2","unstructured":"Danni Liu Gerasimos Spanakis and Jan Niehues. 2020. Low-Latency Sequence-to-Sequence Speech Recognition and Translation by Partial Hypothesis Selection. arxiv:https:\/\/linproxy.fan.workers.dev:443\/https\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2005.11185\u00a0[cs.CL] https:\/\/linproxy.fan.workers.dev:443\/https\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2005.11185"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Carolos Livadas J. Lygeros and N. Lynch. 2000. High-level modeling and analysis of the traffic alert and collision avoidance system (TCAS). Proc. IEEE 88 (2000) 926\u2013948. 10.1109\/5.871302","DOI":"10.1109\/5.871302"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kenneth Lodding. 1983. Iconic interfacing. IEEE Computer graphics and applications 3 02 (1983) 11\u201320.","DOI":"10.1109\/MCG.1983.262982"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1071181312561413"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Catriona\u00a0B. Luder and P. Barber. 1984. Redundant Color Coding on Airborne CRT Displays. Human Factors: The Journal of Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 26 (1984) 19 \u2013 32. 10.1177\/001872088402600103","DOI":"10.1177\/001872088402600103"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_63_2","unstructured":"Jianbo Ma Siqi Pan Deepak Chandran Andrea Fanelli and Richard Cartwright. 2023. Low latency transformers for speech processing. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/linproxy.fan.workers.dev:443\/https\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2302.13451 (2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"W. Macdonald and B. Cole. 1988. Evaluating the role of colour in a flight information cockpit display. Ergonomics 31 1 (1988) 13\u201337. 10.1080\/00140138808966646","DOI":"10.1080\/00140138808966646"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sin\u00e9\u00a0JP McDougall Martin\u00a0B Curry and Oscar De\u00a0Bruijn. 1999. Measuring symbol and icon characteristics: Norms for concreteness complexity meaningfulness familiarity and semantic distance for 239 symbols. Behavior Research Methods Instruments & Computers 31 3 (1999) 487\u2013519.","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03200730"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sin\u00e9\u00a0JP McDougall Oscar De\u00a0Bruijn and Martin\u00a0B Curry. 2000. Exploring the effects of icon characteristics on user performance: The role of icon concreteness complexity and distinctiveness. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 6 4 (2000) 291.","DOI":"10.1037\/1076-898X.6.4.291"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"B. Molesworth and Dominique Estival. 2015. Miscommunication in General Aviation: The Influence of External Factors on Communication Errors. Safety Science 73 (2015) 73\u201379. 10.1016\/J.SSCI.2014.11.004","DOI":"10.1016\/J.SSCI.2014.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_68_2","volume-title":"NASA\/FAA\/Air Force Methods and Metrics of Voice Communication Workshop","author":"Morrow Daniel","year":"1994","unstructured":"Daniel Morrow and J\u00a0Victor Lebacqz. 1994. Collaboration in controller-pilot communication. In NASA\/FAA\/Air Force Methods and Metrics of Voice Communication Workshop."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"D. Morrow and O.\u00a0V. Prinzo. 1999. IMPROVING PILOT\/ATC VOICE COMMUNICATION IN GENERAL AVIATION. (1999). 10.1037\/e433522004-001Grouped ATC instructions may improve pilot memory for messages but may reduce misunderstanding and lead to more readback errors..","DOI":"10.1037\/e433522004-001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_70_2","volume-title":"The influence of ATC message length and timing on pilot communication","author":"Morrow Daniel","year":"1993","unstructured":"Daniel Morrow and Michelle Rodvold. 1993. The influence of ATC message length and timing on pilot communication. Technical Report."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Daniel Morrow Christopher Wickens Esa Rantanen Dervon Chang and Jamie Marcus. 2008. Designing external aids that support older pilots\u2019 communication. The International Journal of Aviation Psychology 18 2 (2008) 167\u2013182.","DOI":"10.1080\/10508410801926772"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_72_2","unstructured":"Daniel Murfet. 2024. FAA JO Order 7110.65W Air Traffic Control. https:\/\/linproxy.fan.workers.dev:443\/https\/www.faa.gov\/documentlibrary\/media\/order\/atc.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"C.\u00a0S. Narborough-Hall. 1985. Recommendations for applying colour coding to air traffic control displays. Displays 6 (1985) 131\u2013137. 10.1016\/0141-9382(85)90079-4","DOI":"10.1016\/0141-9382(85)90079-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Claude Navarro and Stephane Sikorski. 1999. Datalink communication in flight deck operations: A synthesis of recent studies. The International Journal of Aviation Psychology 9 4 (1999) 361\u2013376.","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327108ijap0904_4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sherrie\u00a0L. Nist and Mark\u00a0C. Hogrebe. 1987. The Role of Underlining and Annotating in Remembering Textual Information. Reading Research and Instruction 27 1 (1987) 12\u201325. 10.1080\/19388078709557922","DOI":"10.1080\/19388078709557922"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matthias Oberhauser and Daniel Dreyer. 2017. A virtual reality flight simulator for human factors engineering. Cognition Technology & Work 19 (2017) 263\u2013277.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10111-017-0421-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Priya Pappachan and Martina Ziefle. 2008. Cultural influences on the comprehensibility of icons in mobile\u2013computer interaction. Behaviour & Information Technology 27 4 (2008) 331\u2013337. 10.1080\/01449290802228399","DOI":"10.1080\/01449290802228399"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Michael\u00a0E. Patterson D. Dansereau and D. Newbern. 1992. Effects of Communication Aids and Strategies on Cooperative Teaching. Journal of Educational Psychology 84 (1992) 453\u2013461. 10.1037\/\/0022-0663.84.4.453","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0022-0663.84.4.453"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/e462692004-001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"O.\u00a0V. Prinzo and Thomas\u00a0W. Britton. 1993. ATC\/pilot voice communications : a survey of the literature. (1993). 10.1037\/e457752004-001","DOI":"10.1037\/e457752004-001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_81_2","volume-title":"The outcome of ATC message complexity on pilot readback performance","author":"Prinzo O\u00a0Veronika","year":"2006","unstructured":"O\u00a0Veronika Prinzo, Alfred\u00a0M Hendrix, Ruby Hendrix, et\u00a0al. 2006. The outcome of ATC message complexity on pilot readback performance. Technical Report. United States. Department of Transportation. Federal Aviation Administration\u00a0\u2026."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"M.\u00a0D. Ragnarsdottir H. Waage and E. Hvannberg. 2003. Language technology in air traffic control. Digital Avionics Systems Conference 2003. DASC \u201903. The 22nd 1 (2003) 2.E.2\u201321\u201313 vol.1. 10.1109\/DASC.2003.1245815","DOI":"10.1109\/DASC.2003.1245815"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Teresa\u00a0L Roberts and Thomas\u00a0P Moran. 1983. The evaluation of text editors: methodology and empirical results. Commun. ACM 26 4 (1983) 265\u2013283.","DOI":"10.1145\/2163.2164"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/17324.24107"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yvonne Rogers. 1989. Icons at the interface: their usefulness. Interacting with computers 1 1 (1989) 105\u2013117.","DOI":"10.1016\/0953-5438(89)90010-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"A. Rowen M. Grabowski J. Rancy and Alyssa Crane. 2019. Impacts of Wearable Augmented Reality Displays on operator performance Situation Awareness and communication in safety-critical systems. Applied ergonomics 80 (2019) 17\u201327. 10.1016\/J.APERGO.2019.04.013","DOI":"10.1016\/J.APERGO.2019.04.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3192975.3192980"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gerasimos Skaltsas J. Rakas and M. Karlaftis. 2013. An analysis of air traffic controller-pilot miscommunication in the NextGen environment. Journal of Air Transport Management 27 (2013) 46\u201351. 10.1016\/J.JAIRTRAMAN.2012.11.010Data communications between air traffic controllers and pilots could reduce communication errors and alleviate radio frequency congestion in the NextGen environment..","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JAIRTRAMAN.2012.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"H. Sobol. 1984. Microwave Communications\u2013An Historical Perspective. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 32 (1984) 1170\u20131181. 10.1109\/TMTT.1984.1132829","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.1984.1132829"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Constantin Spille Birger Kollmeier and Bernd\u00a0T Meyer. 2018. Comparing human and automatic speech recognition in simple and complex acoustic scenes. Computer Speech & Language 52 (2018) 123\u2013140.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csl.2018.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_91_2","unstructured":"Suzanne Stokes. 2002. Visual literacy in teaching and learning: A literature perspective. Electronic Journal for the integration of Technology in Education 1 1 (2002) 10\u201319."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"J. Tao Niu Yafeng and Zhou Lei. 2017. Are the warning icons more attentional? Applied ergonomics 65 (2017) 51\u201360. 10.1016\/j.apergo.2017.05.012","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2017.05.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Joy Taylor R. O\u2019Hara M. Mumenthaler A. Rosen and J. Yesavage. 2005. Cognitive ability expertise and age differences in following air-traffic control instructions. Psychology and aging 20 1 (2005) 117\u201333. 10.1037\/0882-7974.20.1.117","DOI":"10.1037\/0882-7974.20.1.117"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"J. Thibaudeau. 1957. Visual Aids. Nature 165 (1957) 919\u2013919. 10.1038\/165919a0","DOI":"10.1038\/165919a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_95_2","volume-title":"The visual display of quantitative information","author":"Tufte Edward\u00a0R","year":"1983","unstructured":"Edward\u00a0R Tufte and Peter\u00a0R Graves-Morris. 1983. The visual display of quantitative information. Vol.\u00a02. Graphics press Cheshire, CT."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Haibo Wang Naiqi Jiang Ting Pan H. Si Yao Li and Wenjing Zou. 2020. Cognitive Load Identification of Pilots Based on Physiological-Psychological Characteristics in Complex Environments. Journal of Advanced Transportation (2020). 10.1155\/2020\/5640784","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/5640784"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780429346156"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"F. White. 1973. Air-Ground Communications: History and Expectations. IEEE Trans. Commun. 21 (1973) 398\u2013407. 10.1109\/TCOM.1973.1091709","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOM.1973.1091709"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-70536-5.50041-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315094496-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_101_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781003177616"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_102_2","unstructured":"Wikipedia contributors. 2024. Tenerife airport disaster. https:\/\/linproxy.fan.workers.dev:443\/https\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tenerife_airport_disaster Accessed: 2024-09-02."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_103_2","unstructured":"Ben Willems Sehchang Hah Randy Phillips et\u00a0al. 2006. The effect of data link on en route controller workload. FAA William J. Hughes Technical Center (2006)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_104_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"T. Williamson and N. Spencer. 1989. Development and operation of the Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS). Proc. IEEE 77 (1989) 1735\u20131744. 10.1109\/5.47735","DOI":"10.1109\/5.47735"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_105_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elizabeth\u00a0AH Wilson R\u00e9gis Vaillancourt Elena Pascuet Luc\u00a0JR Besan\u00e7on and Michael\u00a0S Wolf. 2012. Seeking international consensus in the use of icons for medication instructions. Journal of Communication in Healthcare 5 1 (2012) 67\u201372.","DOI":"10.1179\/1753807611Y.0000000014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_106_2","volume-title":"X-Plane | the world\u2019s most advanced flight simulator.","year":"2024","unstructured":"X-plane. 2024. X-Plane | the world\u2019s most advanced flight simulator.https:\/\/linproxy.fan.workers.dev:443\/https\/www.x-plane.com\/ Accessed: 2024-09-02."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_107_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chuyang Yang and Chenyu Huang. 2023. Natural Language Processing (NLP) in Aviation Safety: Systematic Review of Research and Outlook into the Future. Aerospace 10 7 (2023) 600.","DOI":"10.3390\/aerospace10070600"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_108_2","unstructured":"Jiahui Yu Chung-Cheng Chiu Bo Li Shuo yiin Chang Tara\u00a0N. Sainath Yanzhang He Arun Narayanan Wei Han Anmol Gulati Yonghui Wu and Ruoming Pang. 2021. FastEmit: Low-latency Streaming ASR with Sequence-level Emission Regularization. arxiv:https:\/\/linproxy.fan.workers.dev:443\/https\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2010.11148\u00a0[eess.AS] https:\/\/linproxy.fan.workers.dev:443\/https\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2010.11148"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_109_2","unstructured":"Liang Zeng. 2009. Designing the User Interface: Strategies for Effective Human-Computer Interaction by B. Shneiderman and C. Plaisant: Pearson Addison-Wesley 2009. xviii+ 606 pages. ISBN: 978-0-321-53735-5."}],"event":{"name":"UIST '25: The 38th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology","location":"Busan Republic of Korea","acronym":"UIST '25","sponsor":["SIGCHI ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction","SIGGRAPH ACM Special Interest Group on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 38th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/linproxy.fan.workers.dev:443\/https\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3746059.3747792","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T22:11:08Z","timestamp":1759011068000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linproxy.fan.workers.dev:443\/https\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3746059.3747792"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]]},"references-count":108,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3746059.3747792","10.1145\/3746059"],"URL":"https:\/\/linproxy.fan.workers.dev:443\/https\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3746059.3747792","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-09-27","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}