{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T12:32:09Z","timestamp":1773405129992,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,22]],"date-time":"2017-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1487721600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/linproxy.fan.workers.dev:443\/https\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is the most common treatment for degenerative osteoarthritis of that articulation. However, either in rehabilitation clinics or in hospital wards, the knee range of motion (ROM) can currently only be assessed using a goniometer. In order to provide continuous and objective measurements of knee ROM, we propose the use of wearable inertial sensors to record the knee ROM during the recovery progress. Digitalized and objective data can assist the surgeons to control the recovery status and flexibly adjust rehabilitation programs during the early acute inpatient stage. The more knee flexion ROM regained during the early inpatient period, the better the long-term knee recovery will be and the sooner early discharge can be achieved. The results of this work show that the proposed wearable sensor approach can provide an alternative for continuous monitoring and objective assessment of knee ROM recovery progress for TKA patients compared to the traditional goniometer measurements.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s17020418","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,22]],"date-time":"2017-02-22T11:36:58Z","timestamp":1487763418000},"page":"418","update-policy":"https:\/\/linproxy.fan.workers.dev:443\/https\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":89,"title":["Data Collection and Analysis Using Wearable Sensors for Monitoring Knee Range of Motion after Total Knee Arthroplasty"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/linproxy.fan.workers.dev:443\/https\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9014-3571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chih-Yen","family":"Chiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Li-Nong St., Section 2, Peitou, Taipei 11221, Taiwan"}]},{"given":"Kun-Hui","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Li-Nong St., Section 2, Peitou, Taipei 11221, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, 1650 Taiwan Boulevard Section 4, Taichung 40705, Taiwan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/linproxy.fan.workers.dev:443\/https\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7867-4716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kai-Chun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Li-Nong St., Section 2, Peitou, Taipei 11221, Taiwan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/linproxy.fan.workers.dev:443\/https\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0891-7940","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steen","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Management, Minghsin University of Science and Technology, No.1, Xinxing Road, Hsinchu 30401, Taiwan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/linproxy.fan.workers.dev:443\/https\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0995-601X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chia-Tai","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Li-Nong St., Section 2, Peitou, Taipei 11221, Taiwan"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.L.01488","article-title":"The direct and indirect costs to society of treatment for end-stage knee osteoarthritis","volume":"95","author":"Ruiz","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Bone Jt. Surg."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200704000-00012","article-title":"Projections of primary and revision hip and knee arthroplasty in the United States from 2005 to 2030","volume":"89","author":"Kurtzl","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Bone Jt. Surg."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Cowern, M., and Musson, S. (2015). Public and Patient Guide to the NJR\u2019s 12th Annual Report 2015, National Joint Registry. [Knee Replacement ed.]."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2014.02.015","article-title":"Guidelines for the early restoration of active knee flexion after total knee arthroplasty: Implications for rehabilitation and early intervention","volume":"95","author":"Ebert","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-014-3772-x","article-title":"Do Various Factors Affect the Frequency of Manipulation Under Anesthesia After Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty?","volume":"473","author":"Issa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Othropaedics Relat. Res."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2011.12.015","article-title":"Preoperative Knee Stiffness and Total Knee Arthroplasty Outcomes","volume":"27","author":"Winemaker","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Arthroplast."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2753.2011.01656.x","article-title":"Is Discharge knee range of motion a useful and relevant clinical indicator after total knee replacement? Part 2","volume":"18","author":"Naylor","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Eval. Clin. Prac."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"30","article-title":"Effect of adjunctive range-of-motion therapy after primary total knee arthroplasty on the use of health services after hospital discharge","volume":"46","author":"Davies","year":"2003","journal-title":"Can. J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2008.05.019","article-title":"Accuracy of knee range of motion assessment after total knee arthroplasty","volume":"23","author":"Lavernia","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Arthroplast."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2008.05.006","article-title":"How to quantify knee function after total knee arthroplasty?","volume":"15","author":"Boostra","year":"2008","journal-title":"Knee"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2007.12.003","article-title":"Ambulatory measurement of 3D knee joint angle","volume":"42","author":"Favre","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1016\/j.measurement.2009.02.002","article-title":"Development of a wearable sensor system for quantitative gait analysis","volume":"42","author":"Liu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Measurement"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2486","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2009.07.016","article-title":"Gait posture estimation using wearable acceleration and gyro sensors","volume":"42","author":"Ryo","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10571","DOI":"10.3390\/s111110571","article-title":"Kinematics of gait: New method for angle estimation based on accelerometers","volume":"11","author":"Jovicic","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9321","DOI":"10.3390\/s130709321","article-title":"Three dimensional gait analysis using wearable acceleration and gyro sensors based on quaternion calculations","volume":"13","author":"Shigeru","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15953","DOI":"10.3390\/s140915953","article-title":"Clinical Evaluation of a mobile sensor-based gait analysis method for outcome measurement after knee arthroplasty","volume":"14","author":"Calliess","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10734","DOI":"10.3390\/s150510734","article-title":"Accuracy of a custom physical activity and knee angle measurement sensor system for patients with neuromuscular disorders and gait abnormalities","volume":"15","author":"Feldhege","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4193","DOI":"10.3390\/s150204193","article-title":"Wearable sensor-based rehabilitation exercise assessment for knee osteoarthritis","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2007.09.001","article-title":"Human motion tracking for rehabilitation-a survey","volume":"3","author":"Zhou","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biomed. Signal Proc. Control"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-0003-3-4","article-title":"Gait analysis methods in rehabilitation","volume":"3","author":"Baker","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. NeuroEng. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2009.06.025","article-title":"Functional calibration procedure for 3D knee joint angle description using inertial sensors","volume":"42","author":"Favre","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2008.10.027","article-title":"Gait Analysis using Gravitational Acceleration measured by Wearable Sensors","volume":"42","author":"Ryo","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.3390\/s130100918","article-title":"Quasi-real time estimation of angular kinematics using single-axis accelerometers","volume":"13","author":"Caroselli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Services (2008). Standard of Care: Total Knee Arthroplasty, The Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital Inc."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, K.H., Tseng, W.C., Liu, K.C., and Chan, C.T. (2015, January 21\u201323). Using Gyroscopes and Accelerometers as a Practical Rehabilitation Monitor System after Total Knee Arthroplasty. Proceedings of the IEEE International Microwave Workshop Series on RF and Wireless Technologies for Biomedical and Healthcare Applications (IMWS-BIO), Taipei, Taiwan.","DOI":"10.1109\/IMWS-BIO.2015.7303775"},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"KUKA Robotics Corp, and KUKA Download Center KR 5 sixx R650, R850 CR Specification Datasheet. Available online: https:\/\/linproxy.fan.workers.dev:443\/http\/www.kuka-robotics.com\/usa\/en\/downloads\/search\/."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cai, L., Han, X., Qi, Z., Li, Z., Zhang, Y., Wang, P., and Liu, A. (2014). Prevalence of overweight and obesity and weight loss practice among Beijing adults, 2011. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0098744"},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"33","article-title":"Intra-articular versus intravenous tranexamic acid in primary total knee replacement","volume":"3","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu. Transl. Med."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/linproxy.fan.workers.dev:443\/https\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/17\/2\/418\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T18:28:53Z","timestamp":1760207333000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linproxy.fan.workers.dev:443\/https\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/17\/2\/418"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,22]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]}},"alternative-id":["s17020418"],"URL":"https:\/\/linproxy.fan.workers.dev:443\/https\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s17020418","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,22]]}}}