{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416252364","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn64981.2025.11228457","title":"S <sup>3</sup> PI: A Semi-Supervised Smart Ponzi Identification Method Based on Contrastive Learning","display_name":"S <sup>3</sup> PI: A Semi-Supervised Smart Ponzi Identification Method Based on Contrastive Learning","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416252364","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn64981.2025.11228457"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn64981.2025.11228457","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn64981.2025.11228457","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009119129","display_name":"Weijia Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0547-4814"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Weijia Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,School of Computer Science and Engineering,Chengdu,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,School of Computer Science and Engineering,Chengdu,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101523731","display_name":"Tian Lan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6381-7657"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tian Lan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,School of Computer Science and Engineering,Chengdu,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,School of Computer Science and Engineering,Chengdu,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100344338","display_name":"Wei Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8305-0035"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,School of Information and Software Engineering,Chengdu,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,School of Information and Software Engineering,Chengdu,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044252887","display_name":"Leyuan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1179-4769"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leyuan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,School of Information and Software Engineering,Chengdu,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,School of Information and Software Engineering,Chengdu,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100780267","display_name":"Xiaosong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9028-9562"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaosong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,School of Computer Science and Engineering,Chengdu,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,School of Computer Science and Engineering,Chengdu,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009119129"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.47476337,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.48489999771118164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.48489999771118164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.08630000054836273,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11653","display_name":"Financial Distress and Bankruptcy Prediction","score":0.05139999836683273,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptability","display_name":"Adaptability","score":0.6525999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.5799000263214111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scarcity","display_name":"Scarcity","score":0.5379999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.531499981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transferability","display_name":"Transferability","score":0.47350001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseline","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","score":0.40369999408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.3910999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.3515999913215637}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7117000222206116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177606310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5674297","display_name":"Adaptability","level":2,"score":0.6525999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5799000263214111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109747225","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815758","display_name":"Scarcity","level":2,"score":0.5379999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.531499981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4848000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61272859","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7834031","display_name":"Transferability","level":3,"score":0.47350001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4406999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.40369999408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.3910999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3666999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.3515999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38935604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4330363","display_name":"Stylized fact","level":2,"score":0.34599998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778012447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.34529998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141121606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8142","display_name":"Currency","level":2,"score":0.3156000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776145971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30673951","display_name":"Labeled data","level":2,"score":0.3125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.30809998512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.3018999993801117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779950589","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7544035","display_name":"Smart contract","level":3,"score":0.295199990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127722929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7833714","display_name":"Transaction data","level":3,"score":0.28760001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.2734000086784363}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn64981.2025.11228457","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn64981.2025.11228457","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2116341502","https://openalex.org/W3098605233","https://openalex.org/W3136154164","https://openalex.org/W3177457598","https://openalex.org/W3178166777","https://openalex.org/W3183222930","https://openalex.org/W4206573979","https://openalex.org/W4246819448","https://openalex.org/W4309857254","https://openalex.org/W4389098616","https://openalex.org/W4398161031","https://openalex.org/W4400490065","https://openalex.org/W4400602207"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Blockchain":[0],"technology":[1],"has":[2,10],"catalyzed":[3],"innovation":[4],"in":[5,38,56,153,161,174,195],"digital":[6],"currency":[7],"trading":[8],"but":[9],"also":[11],"facilitated":[12],"the":[13,107,124,136,169],"emergence":[14],"of":[15,49,171],"smart":[16,175],"Ponzi":[17,64,163],"schemes,":[18],"wherein":[19],"returns":[20],"to":[21,73,147],"earlier":[22],"investors":[23],"are":[24,53],"fraudulently":[25],"paid":[26],"using":[27],"capital":[28],"from":[29],"newer":[30],"participants.":[31],"Deep":[32],"learning-based":[33],"detection":[34,103,194],"methods":[35],"show":[36],"promise":[37],"identifying":[39],"these":[40],"schemes.":[41],"However,":[42],"they":[43],"rely":[44],"heavily":[45],"on":[46,91,106,132],"large":[47],"amounts":[48],"labeled":[50,121],"data,":[51,122],"which":[52],"often":[54],"limited":[55],"real-world":[57],"applications.":[58],"This":[59,156],"paper":[60],"introduces":[61],"Semi-Supervised":[62],"Smart":[63],"Identification":[65],"(S<sup":[66],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[67,113,184],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">3</sup>PI),":[68],"a":[69,187],"novel":[70],"framework":[71],"designed":[72],"address":[74],"data":[75,149],"scarcity":[76],"by":[77,127],"integrating":[78],"contrastive":[79],"learning":[80,173],"for":[81,192],"robust":[82],"contract":[83,176],"representation.":[84],"The":[85],"proposed":[86],"semi-supervised":[87,172],"approach":[88],"reduces":[89],"reliance":[90],"extensive":[92],"labels,":[93],"thereby":[94],"lowering":[95],"operational":[96],"complexity":[97],"and":[98,139,151,189],"cost,":[99],"while":[100],"maintaining":[101],"high":[102],"accuracy.":[104],"Experiments":[105],"XBlock":[108],"dataset":[109],"indicate":[110],"that":[111,182],"S<sup":[112,183],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">3</sup>PI":[114,185],"achieves":[115],"strong":[116],"performance":[117],"with":[118],"only":[119],"25%":[120],"surpassing":[123],"best":[125],"baseline":[126],"approximately":[128],"10%.":[129],"Further":[130],"experiments":[131],"multiple":[133],"datasets":[134],"evaluate":[135],"model\u2019s":[137],"transferability":[138],"generalization":[140],"across":[141],"different":[142],"datasets,":[143],"demonstrating":[144,168],"its":[145,159],"adaptability":[146],"diverse":[148],"distributions":[150],"effectiveness":[152,160],"varied":[154],"settings.":[155],"result":[157],"highlights":[158],"detecting":[162],"schemes":[164],"under":[165],"label-scarce":[166],"conditions,":[167],"potential":[170],"fraud":[177,193],"detection.":[178],"These":[179],"findings":[180],"suggest":[181],"offers":[186],"scalable":[188],"efficient":[190],"solution":[191],"blockchain":[196],"systems.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-11-14T00:00:00"}