{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3205380586","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mipr51284.2021.00025","title":"Transformer based Neural Network for Fine-Grained Classification of Vehicle Color","display_name":"Transformer based Neural Network for Fine-Grained Classification of Vehicle Color","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3205380586","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mipr51284.2021.00025","mag":"3205380586"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mipr51284.2021.00025","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mipr51284.2021.00025","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE 4th International Conference on Multimedia Information Processing and Retrieval (MIPR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028713849","display_name":"Ying\u2010Jin Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yingjin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Lab of Intelligent Telecommunication Software and Multimedia, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Lab of Intelligent Telecommunication Software and Multimedia, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Chuanming Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chuanming Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Lab of Intelligent Telecommunication Software and Multimedia, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Lab of Intelligent Telecommunication Software and Multimedia, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005166404","display_name":"Yuchao Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2048-1222"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuchao Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Lab of Intelligent Telecommunication Software and Multimedia, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Lab of Intelligent Telecommunication Software and Multimedia, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048944835","display_name":"Huiyuan Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5276-4366"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huiyuan Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Lab of Intelligent Telecommunication Software and Multimedia, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Lab of Intelligent Telecommunication Software and Multimedia, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100710713","display_name":"Huad\u00f3ng Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7199-5047"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huadong Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Lab of Intelligent Telecommunication Software and Multimedia, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Lab of Intelligent Telecommunication Software and Multimedia, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028713849"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4531,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70908011,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":null,"first_page":"118","last_page":"124"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.9900000095367432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.9900000095367432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9865999817848206,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9854999780654907,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8171221613883972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7207883596420288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.6250946521759033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5637204051017761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5208173990249634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5012705326080322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.48173168301582336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4466288387775421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11649343371391296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.06248477101325989}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8171221613883972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7207883596420288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.6250946521759033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5637204051017761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5208173990249634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5012705326080322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.48173168301582336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4466288387775421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11649343371391296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.06248477101325989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mipr51284.2021.00025","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mipr51284.2021.00025","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE 4th International Conference on Multimedia Information Processing and Retrieval (MIPR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326444","display_name":"Nova","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1612060419","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1869000332","https://openalex.org/W1955942245","https://openalex.org/W1982914786","https://openalex.org/W2026343953","https://openalex.org/W2104657103","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2127218421","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2554320282","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2737725206","https://openalex.org/W2740620254","https://openalex.org/W2763070548","https://openalex.org/W2773003563","https://openalex.org/W2798365843","https://openalex.org/W2807931652","https://openalex.org/W2886737800","https://openalex.org/W2892035828","https://openalex.org/W2899663614","https://openalex.org/W2951852399","https://openalex.org/W2962511733","https://openalex.org/W2963403868","https://openalex.org/W2963420686","https://openalex.org/W2963855133","https://openalex.org/W2968288266","https://openalex.org/W2970971581","https://openalex.org/W3033210410","https://openalex.org/W3094502228","https://openalex.org/W3096609285","https://openalex.org/W4295312788","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6639204050","https://openalex.org/W6678914141","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6743731764","https://openalex.org/W6755069125","https://openalex.org/W6755977528","https://openalex.org/W6766906146","https://openalex.org/W6766978945","https://openalex.org/W6779248606","https://openalex.org/W6780226713","https://openalex.org/W6784333009"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2601157893","https://openalex.org/W2373006798","https://openalex.org/W2131735617","https://openalex.org/W2056912418","https://openalex.org/W2123759770","https://openalex.org/W2033213769","https://openalex.org/W4312376745","https://openalex.org/W2136016640","https://openalex.org/W2043960970","https://openalex.org/W2049538278"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"development":[1,16],"of":[2,8,17,26,31,63,77,120,157,171,189],"vehicle":[3,12,39,89,94,141],"color":[4,40,50,95,107,125],"recognition":[5,41,58,75,134,149,179],"technology":[6],"is":[7,192],"great":[9],"significance":[10],"for":[11,92,127],"identification":[13],"and":[14,28,48,60,105,122,161,184],"the":[15,18,23,29,32,35,56,61,67,78,111,118,124,140,146,153,172,177,182,195],"intelligent":[19],"transportation":[20],"system.":[21],"However,":[22],"small":[24,49],"variety":[25],"colors":[27],"influence":[30,119],"illumination":[33,121],"in":[34,52],"environment":[36],"make":[37],"fine-grained":[38,93],"a":[42,84,132,164],"challenge":[43],"task.":[44],"Insufficient":[45],"training":[46],"data":[47],"categories":[51],"previous":[53,79],"datasets":[54],"causes":[55],"low":[57],"accuracy":[59,188],"inflexibility":[62],"practical":[64],"using.":[65],"Meanwhile,":[66],"inefficient":[68],"feature":[69,154],"learning":[70,155],"also":[71],"leads":[72],"to":[73,110,151,194],"poor":[74],"performance":[76],"methods.":[80],"Therefore,":[81],"we":[82],"collect":[83],"rear":[85],"shooting":[86],"dataset":[87,183],"from":[88],"bayonet":[90],"monitoring":[91],"recognition.":[96],"Its":[97],"images":[98],"can":[99,116,137,186],"be":[100],"divided":[101],"into":[102,148],"11":[103],"main-categories":[104],"75":[106],"subcategories":[108],"according":[109],"proposed":[112,173],"labeling":[113],"algorithm":[114],"which":[115,136,191],"eliminate":[117],"assign":[123],"annotation":[126],"each":[128],"image.":[129],"We":[130,143,175],"propose":[131],"novel":[133],"model":[135,150,180],"effectively":[138],"identify":[139],"colors.":[142],"skillfully":[144],"interpolate":[145],"Transformer":[147],"enhance":[152],"capacity":[156],"conventional":[158],"neural":[159],"networks,":[160],"specially":[162],"design":[163],"hierarchical":[165],"loss":[166],"function":[167],"through":[168],"in-depth":[169],"analysis":[170],"dataset.":[174],"evaluate":[176],"designed":[178],"on":[181],"it":[185],"achieve":[187],"97.77%,":[190],"superior":[193],"traditional":[196],"approaches.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-16T08:26:57.006410","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
