{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2065307296","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2011.2161014","title":"Choosing Between Terminal and Independently Based Gain and Offset Error in the ADC Histogram Test","display_name":"Choosing Between Terminal and Independently Based Gain and Offset Error in the ADC Histogram Test","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-08-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2065307296","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2011.2161014","mag":"2065307296"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2011.2161014","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2011.2161014","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022750554","display_name":"Francisco Alegr\u00eda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0854-489X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120471","display_name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es","ror":"https://ror.org/02ht4fk33","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141596103","display_name":"University of Lisbon","ror":"https://ror.org/01c27hj86","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Francisco Corr\u00eaa Alegria","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Technical University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal","Inst. Super. Tecnico, Tech. Univ. of Lisbon), Lisbon, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Technical University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inst. Super. Tecnico, Tech. Univ. of Lisbon), Lisbon, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084063480","display_name":"Hugo Silva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6764-8432"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120471","display_name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es","ror":"https://ror.org/02ht4fk33","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hugo Placido da Silva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Technical University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Technical University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022750554"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141596103","https://openalex.org/I4210120471"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4197,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65443317,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"61","issue":"1","first_page":"9","last_page":"16"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12300","display_name":"Advanced Electrical Measurement Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12564","display_name":"Sensor Technology and Measurement Systems","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offset","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","score":0.631362795829773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.6310157775878906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/successive-approximation-adc","display_name":"Successive approximation ADC","score":0.6183677315711975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5383672714233398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analog-to-digital-converter","display_name":"Analog-to-digital converter","score":0.5338472127914429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimator","display_name":"Estimator","score":0.5240045785903931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/effective-number-of-bits","display_name":"Effective number of bits","score":0.46695953607559204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.43273282051086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measurement-uncertainty","display_name":"Measurement uncertainty","score":0.42297565937042236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3538380265235901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.34660178422927856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.30335137248039246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.23416969180107117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.18720218539237976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1672399342060089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitor","display_name":"Capacitor","score":0.14750492572784424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.13601535558700562}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175291020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156822","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.631362795829773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.6310157775878906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60154766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2650458","display_name":"Successive approximation ADC","level":4,"score":0.6183677315711975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5383672714233398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777271169","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190169","display_name":"Analog-to-digital converter","level":3,"score":0.5338472127914429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.5240045785903931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16671190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q505579","display_name":"Effective number of bits","level":3,"score":0.46695953607559204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.43273282051086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137209882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1403517","display_name":"Measurement uncertainty","level":2,"score":0.42297565937042236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3538380265235901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.34660178422927856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.30335137248039246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.23416969180107117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.18720218539237976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1672399342060089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52192207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5322","display_name":"Capacitor","level":3,"score":0.14750492572784424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.13601535558700562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2011.2161014","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2011.2161014","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W204885769","https://openalex.org/W1879041669","https://openalex.org/W1974692546","https://openalex.org/W1974845734","https://openalex.org/W2006095765","https://openalex.org/W2015604477","https://openalex.org/W2039312473","https://openalex.org/W2068822021","https://openalex.org/W2091434892","https://openalex.org/W2098476499","https://openalex.org/W2113796007","https://openalex.org/W2120402734","https://openalex.org/W2123582706","https://openalex.org/W2129182275","https://openalex.org/W2131477866","https://openalex.org/W2137740093","https://openalex.org/W2152195793","https://openalex.org/W2163288162","https://openalex.org/W2168745915","https://openalex.org/W2185510977","https://openalex.org/W2187548090","https://openalex.org/W2314046074","https://openalex.org/W2315214008","https://openalex.org/W3026417138","https://openalex.org/W4229977739","https://openalex.org/W4239437638","https://openalex.org/W6682375925"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2914701507","https://openalex.org/W2905521207","https://openalex.org/W2168717468","https://openalex.org/W2161345192","https://openalex.org/W2783221760","https://openalex.org/W4292071990","https://openalex.org/W4386387962","https://openalex.org/W2341231357","https://openalex.org/W4378223939","https://openalex.org/W4205455251"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"recover":[1],"the":[2,6,23,36,48,64,71,74,84,114],"analog":[3],"voltage":[4],"at":[5,21],"input":[7],"of":[8,39,66,76],"an":[9,59],"analog-to-digital":[10],"converter":[11],"(ADC)":[12],"from":[13,47],"its":[14],"digital":[15],"output,":[16],"one":[17],"needs":[18],"to":[19,34,63],"know":[20],"least":[22],"ADC":[24,88],"gain":[25,77],"and":[26,52,78,95,104],"offset.":[27],"For":[28],"high-accuracy":[29],"measurements,":[30],"it":[31],"is":[32,90,109,118],"necessary":[33],"estimate":[35],"actual":[37],"values":[38,50],"these":[40],"parameters":[41],"since":[42],"they":[43],"are":[44,99],"usually":[45],"different":[46],"ideal":[49],"(one":[51],"zero,":[53],"respectively).":[54],"This":[55],"estimation":[56],"inevitably":[57],"has":[58],"uncertainty,":[60],"which":[61],"contributes":[62],"uncertainty":[65],"any":[67],"measurement":[68],"made":[69],"with":[70],"ADC.":[72],"Here,":[73],"precision":[75],"offset":[79],"error":[80],"estimators,":[81],"based":[82],"on":[83],"histogram":[85],"method":[86],"for":[87],"testing":[89],"analyzed.":[91],"The":[92],"\u201cterminal":[93],"based\u201d":[94,97,116],"\u201cindependently":[96,115],"definitions":[98],"compared,":[100],"both":[101],"through":[102],"simulation":[103],"experimental":[105],"evaluation.":[106],"Our":[107],"conclusion":[108],"that,":[110],"in":[111],"typical":[112],"conditions,":[113],"definition":[117],"more":[119],"precise.":[120]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}