{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3169925262","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3468264.3468617","title":"Code integrity attestation for PLCs using black box neural network predictions","display_name":"Code integrity attestation for PLCs using black box neural network predictions","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3169925262","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3468264.3468617","mag":"3169925262"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3468264.3468617","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3468264.3468617","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 29th ACM Joint Meeting on European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2106.07851","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100752256","display_name":"Yuqi Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9769-1167"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79891267","display_name":"Singapore Management University","ror":"https://ror.org/050qmg959","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79891267"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuqi Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Singapore Management University, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Singapore Management University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79891267"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053470148","display_name":"Christopher M. Poskitt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9376-2471"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79891267","display_name":"Singapore Management University","ror":"https://ror.org/050qmg959","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79891267"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher M. Poskitt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Singapore Management University, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Singapore Management University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79891267"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100429004","display_name":"Jun Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3545-1392"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79891267","display_name":"Singapore Management University","ror":"https://ror.org/050qmg959","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79891267"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Singapore Management University, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Singapore Management University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79891267"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100752256"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79891267"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2592,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83577622,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"32","last_page":"44"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.815388560295105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firmware","display_name":"Firmware","score":0.7722007036209106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/testbed","display_name":"Testbed","score":0.7213200926780701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.6999803185462952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-box","display_name":"Black box","score":0.5910791158676147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.5415395498275757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4429191052913666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-code","display_name":"Source code","score":0.4351646304130554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.23220843076705933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.2284797728061676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.22446736693382263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.16560855507850647}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.815388560295105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67212190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104851","display_name":"Firmware","level":2,"score":0.7722007036209106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31395832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318674","display_name":"Testbed","level":2,"score":0.7213200926780701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.6999803185462952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94966114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29256","display_name":"Black box","level":2,"score":0.5910791158676147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.5415395498275757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4429191052913666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.4351646304130554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.23220843076705933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.2284797728061676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.22446736693382263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.16560855507850647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3468264.3468617","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3468264.3468617","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 29th ACM Joint Meeting on European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2106.07851","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2106.07851","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2106.07851","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ink.library.smu.edu.sg:sis_research-7586","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=7586&context=sis_research","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196871","display_name":"Institutional Knowledge (InK) - Institutional Knowledge at Singapore Management University (Singapore Management University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79891267","host_organization_name":"Singapore Management University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79891267"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3468264.3468617","raw_type":"Conference Proceeding Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2106.07851","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2106.07851","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2106.07851","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","score":0.7799999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":82,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W138967869","https://openalex.org/W1247015877","https://openalex.org/W1966709388","https://openalex.org/W1996435633","https://openalex.org/W2021362805","https://openalex.org/W2039427951","https://openalex.org/W2052303336","https://openalex.org/W2056451850","https://openalex.org/W2077699686","https://openalex.org/W2096224818","https://openalex.org/W2099613071","https://openalex.org/W2104948281","https://openalex.org/W2169633417","https://openalex.org/W2180612164","https://openalex.org/W2399043755","https://openalex.org/W2407991977","https://openalex.org/W2494784360","https://openalex.org/W2511988939","https://openalex.org/W2535751405","https://openalex.org/W2578943040","https://openalex.org/W2583152362","https://openalex.org/W2592303957","https://openalex.org/W2608911009","https://openalex.org/W2613412685","https://openalex.org/W2752493903","https://openalex.org/W2755135181","https://openalex.org/W2755148105","https://openalex.org/W2767389543","https://openalex.org/W2768947629","https://openalex.org/W2771494169","https://openalex.org/W2774169481","https://openalex.org/W2782500360","https://openalex.org/W2803355698","https://openalex.org/W2806797541","https://openalex.org/W2890112720","https://openalex.org/W2891240227","https://openalex.org/W2891250288","https://openalex.org/W2896370767","https://openalex.org/W2896432382","https://openalex.org/W2896487165","https://openalex.org/W2896680395","https://openalex.org/W2897104255","https://openalex.org/W2897602411","https://openalex.org/W2905500136","https://openalex.org/W2930135659","https://openalex.org/W2947820052","https://openalex.org/W2961318055","https://openalex.org/W2962980859","https://openalex.org/W2963459078","https://openalex.org/W2963744840","https://openalex.org/W2963834268","https://openalex.org/W2964164993","https://openalex.org/W2982379618","https://openalex.org/W2998937823","https://openalex.org/W3007271905","https://openalex.org/W3007808067","https://openalex.org/W3011215978","https://openalex.org/W3013803552","https://openalex.org/W3026309498","https://openalex.org/W3029312541","https://openalex.org/W3034452872","https://openalex.org/W3035727237","https://openalex.org/W3047668054","https://openalex.org/W3080470908","https://openalex.org/W3080614220","https://openalex.org/W3088490620","https://openalex.org/W3090223178","https://openalex.org/W3090636587","https://openalex.org/W3092381376","https://openalex.org/W3099379433","https://openalex.org/W3099532443","https://openalex.org/W3103553961","https://openalex.org/W3105400121","https://openalex.org/W3105599650","https://openalex.org/W3106357429","https://openalex.org/W3107123323","https://openalex.org/W3111369502","https://openalex.org/W3131744123","https://openalex.org/W3157444596","https://openalex.org/W3164841614","https://openalex.org/W3164967418","https://openalex.org/W4250874986"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2582981600","https://openalex.org/W4389238932","https://openalex.org/W2883256816","https://openalex.org/W4387467152","https://openalex.org/W3010413952","https://openalex.org/W4212885212","https://openalex.org/W2171408034","https://openalex.org/W4379115910","https://openalex.org/W4253989935","https://openalex.org/W3081644756"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cyber-physical":[0],"systems":[1],"(CPSs)":[2],"are":[3,57,154],"widespread":[4],"in":[5,250],"critical":[6],"domains,":[7],"and":[8,148,176,183,212,242],"significant":[9],"damage":[10],"can":[11],"be":[12],"caused":[13],"if":[14],"an":[15,102],"attacker":[16],"is":[17,168,232],"able":[18,118],"to":[19,59,111,119,171,236,247,255],"modify":[20,238],"the":[21,81,92,131,136,141,144,164,173,180,224,239],"code":[22,34,68,147,175,219,241],"of":[23,51,84,91,135,143,156],"their":[24,97,127],"programmable":[25],"logic":[26],"controllers":[27],"(PLCs).":[28],"Unfortunately,":[29],"traditional":[30],"techniques":[31],"for":[32],"attesting":[33],"integrity":[35,69],"(i.e.":[36,123],"verifying":[37],"that":[38,78,152,166,200,221,230,253],"it":[39,167,201,231],"has":[40],"not":[41,150,233],"been":[42],"modified)":[43],"rely":[44],"on":[45,73,108,191],"firmware":[46],"access":[47],"or":[48,54],"roots-of-trust,":[49],"neither":[50],"which":[52],"proprietary":[53],"legacy":[55],"PLCs":[56,225],"likely":[58],"provide.":[60],"In":[61],"this":[62],"paper,":[63],"we":[64,95,222,228],"propose":[65],"a":[66,192,251],"practical":[67],"checking":[70],"solution":[71,139],"based":[72],"privacy-preserving":[74],"black":[75,132],"box":[76,133],"models":[77],"instead":[79,161],"attest":[80],"input/output":[82],"behaviour":[83],"PLC":[85,93,121,146,174,207,240],"programs.":[86],"Using":[87],"faithful":[88],"offline":[89],"copies":[90],"programs,":[94],"identify":[96],"most":[98],"important":[99],"inputs":[100,208],"through":[101],"information":[103],"flow":[104],"analysis,":[105],"execute":[106],"them":[107],"multiple":[109],"combinations":[110],"collect":[112],"data,":[113],"then":[114],"train":[115],"neural":[116,177],"networks":[117,178],"predict":[120,203],"outputs":[122],"actuator":[124,204],"commands)":[125],"from":[126,163,206],"inputs.":[128],"By":[129],"exploiting":[130],"nature":[134],"model,":[137],"our":[138,189,248],"maintains":[140],"privacy":[142],"original":[145],"does":[149],"assume":[151],"attackers":[153],"unaware":[155],"its":[157],"presence.":[158],"The":[159],"trust":[160],"comes":[162],"fact":[165],"extremely":[169],"hard":[170],"attack":[172],"at":[179],"same":[181],"time":[182],"with":[184,209],"consistent":[185,256],"outcomes.":[186],"We":[187],"evaluated":[188],"approach":[190],"modern":[193],"six-stage":[194],"water":[195],"treatment":[196],"plant":[197],"testbed,":[198],"finding":[199],"could":[202,214],"states":[205],"near-100%":[210],"accuracy,":[211],"thus":[213],"detect":[215],"all":[216],"120":[217],"effective":[218],"mutations":[220],"subjected":[223],"to.":[226],"Finally,":[227],"found":[229],"practically":[234],"possible":[235],"simultaneously":[237],"apply":[243],"discreet":[244],"adversarial":[245],"noise":[246],"attesters":[249],"way":[252],"leads":[254],"(mis-)predictions.":[257]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
