{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4205900799","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3511215","title":"Combining a Novel Scoring Approach with Arabic Stemming Techniques for Arabic Chatbots Conversation Engine","display_name":"Combining a Novel Scoring Approach with Arabic Stemming Techniques for Arabic Chatbots Conversation Engine","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4205900799","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3511215"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3511215","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3511215","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306421405","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing","issn_l":"2375-4699","issn":["2375-4699","2375-4702"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061517602","display_name":"Nasser Alshammari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4374-3675"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199702508","display_name":"Al Jouf University","ror":"https://ror.org/02zsyt821","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199702508"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nasser O. Alshammari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199702508"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081475486","display_name":"Fawaz Alharbi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0325-3973"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I206935292","display_name":"Shaqra University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hawb687","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I206935292"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fawaz D. Alharbi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Huraymila College of Science and Humanities, Shaqra University, Huraymila, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Huraymila College of Science and Humanities, Shaqra University, Huraymila, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206935292"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061517602"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199702508"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6631,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72672043,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"4","first_page":"1","last_page":"21"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12128","display_name":"AI in Service Interactions","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12128","display_name":"AI in Service Interactions","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9890000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chatbot","display_name":"Chatbot","score":0.9637072086334229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7760075330734253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conversation","display_name":"Conversation","score":0.6904971599578857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.6506071090698242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arabic","display_name":"Arabic","score":0.6476591229438782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5894920825958252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5629788637161255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.10215213894844055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.07240873575210571}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779041454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870780","display_name":"Chatbot","level":2,"score":0.9637072086334229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7760075330734253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777200299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52943","display_name":"Conversation","level":2,"score":0.6904971599578857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.6506071090698242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96455323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13955","display_name":"Arabic","level":2,"score":0.6476591229438782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5894920825958252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5629788637161255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.10215213894844055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.07240873575210571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3511215","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3511215","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306421405","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing","issn_l":"2375-4699","issn":["2375-4699","2375-4702"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.44999998807907104,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W30790492","https://openalex.org/W1480376833","https://openalex.org/W1510526001","https://openalex.org/W1599985958","https://openalex.org/W1944128481","https://openalex.org/W1984708705","https://openalex.org/W2030623877","https://openalex.org/W2053475210","https://openalex.org/W2054997212","https://openalex.org/W2055189765","https://openalex.org/W2094935698","https://openalex.org/W2096863518","https://openalex.org/W2104692902","https://openalex.org/W2126815469","https://openalex.org/W2144810223","https://openalex.org/W2162885125","https://openalex.org/W2185254593","https://openalex.org/W2289072530","https://openalex.org/W2321662402","https://openalex.org/W2330820318","https://openalex.org/W2413317570","https://openalex.org/W2489609634","https://openalex.org/W2549001905","https://openalex.org/W2599054872","https://openalex.org/W2737990573","https://openalex.org/W2739839416","https://openalex.org/W2794711161","https://openalex.org/W2891483324","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2915357442","https://openalex.org/W2922032333","https://openalex.org/W2941455863","https://openalex.org/W2964066832","https://openalex.org/W2997591727","https://openalex.org/W3010258463","https://openalex.org/W3183590779","https://openalex.org/W6686488193","https://openalex.org/W6729008977","https://openalex.org/W6759196281","https://openalex.org/W6969259846"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4383501580","https://openalex.org/W4214931137","https://openalex.org/W4387007686","https://openalex.org/W4313813117","https://openalex.org/W4382052417","https://openalex.org/W3192088754","https://openalex.org/W3084631705","https://openalex.org/W3176146353","https://openalex.org/W4293646425","https://openalex.org/W4379781060"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Arabic":[0,28,101,107,234,262],"is":[1,30,58,63,94,123,128,165,249],"recognized":[2],"as":[3,242],"one":[4],"of":[5,44,48,52,84,91,187,261],"the":[6,10,25,42,45,49,59,73,85,117,161,166,190,214,251,259],"main":[7],"languages":[8],"around":[9],"world.":[11],"Many":[12],"attempts":[13],"and":[14,36,76,236,245],"efforts":[15,39],"have":[16],"been":[17],"done":[18],"to":[19,23,41,95,115,124,147,212,225,257],"provide":[20],"computing":[21],"solutions":[22],"support":[24,139,238],"language.":[26,46],"Developing":[27],"chatbots":[29,222,263],"still":[31],"an":[32,106,184],"evolving":[33],"research":[34],"field":[35],"requires":[37],"extra":[38],"due":[40],"nature":[43],"One":[47],"common":[50],"tasks":[51],"any":[53],"natural":[54],"language":[55],"processing":[56],"application":[57],"stemming":[60,102,163,210],"step.":[61],"It":[62],"important":[64],"for":[65,104,169,217,232],"developing":[66,105,233],"chatbots,":[67],"since":[68,135],"it":[69,77],"helps":[70],"with":[71,81,100,172,209],"pre-processing":[72],"input":[74],"data":[75],"can":[78,138,229,237],"be":[79,230],"involved":[80],"different":[82],"phases":[83],"chatbot":[86,108,235],"development":[87,260],"process.":[88],"The":[89,120,142,157,175],"aim":[90],"this":[92],"article":[93],"combine":[96],"a":[97,202],"scoring":[98,207],"approach":[99,151],"techniques":[103,253],"conversation":[109,264],"engine.":[110,265],"Two":[111],"experiments":[112],"are":[113],"conducted":[114,146],"evaluate":[116,148],"proposed":[118,150],"solution.":[119],"first":[121,252],"experiment":[122,144],"select":[125],"which":[126],"stemmer":[127],"more":[129],"accurate":[130],"when":[131],"applying":[132],"our":[133,136,149,170,180],"solution,":[134],"algorithm":[137,164],"various":[140,153],"stemmers.":[141],"second":[143],"was":[145],"against":[152],"machine":[154,192],"learning":[155,193],"models.":[156],"results":[158,176],"show":[159],"that":[160,179,254],"ISRIS":[162],"best":[167,215],"fit":[168],"solution":[171,182],"accuracy":[173],"78.06%.":[174],"also":[177],"indicate":[178],"novel":[181,203],"achieved":[183,195],"F1":[185],"score":[186],"65.5%,":[188],"while":[189],"other":[191,226],"models":[194],"slightly":[196],"lower":[197],"scores.":[198],"Our":[199],"study":[200],"presents":[201],"technique":[204,248],"by":[205,221],"combining":[206],"mechanisms":[208],"processes":[211],"produce":[213],"answer":[216],"every":[218],"query":[219],"sent":[220],"users":[223],"compared":[224],"approaches.":[227],"This":[228,247],"helpful":[231],"many":[239],"domains":[240],"such":[241],"education,":[243],"business,":[244],"health.":[246],"among":[250],"developed":[255],"purposefully":[256],"serve":[258]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
