{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2011785500","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/513400.513424","title":"Interlocked open linkages with few joints","display_name":"Interlocked open linkages with few joints","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-06-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2011785500","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/513400.513424","mag":"2011785500"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/513400.513424","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/513400.513424","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the eighteenth annual symposium on Computational geometry","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083684609","display_name":"Erik D. Demaine","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3803-5703"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110987","display_name":"IIT@MIT","ror":"https://ror.org/01wp8zh54","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30771326","https://openalex.org/I4210110987"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Erik D. Demaine","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT, Cambridge, MA","MIT, Cambridge, Ma.#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT, Cambridge, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110987"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT, Cambridge, Ma.#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072214666","display_name":"Stefan Langerman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6999-3088"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5023651","display_name":"McGill University","ror":"https://ror.org/01pxwe438","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefan Langerman","raw_affiliation_strings":["McGill University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"McGill University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025667097","display_name":"Joseph O\u2019Rourke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5844-506X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202524275","display_name":"Smith College","ror":"https://ror.org/0497crr92","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202524275"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph O'Rourke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Smith College, Northampton, MA","Smith College, Northampton, MA,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Smith College, Northampton, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202524275"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Smith College, Northampton, MA,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202524275"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074061303","display_name":"Jack Snoeyink","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3887-4008"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jack Snoeyink","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC","University of North Carolina, Chapel, Hill, NC#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Carolina, Chapel, Hill, NC#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083684609"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110987","https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.4676,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93920197,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"189","last_page":"198"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10571","display_name":"Robotic Mechanisms and Dynamics","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10571","display_name":"Robotic Mechanisms and Dynamics","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10586","display_name":"Robotic Path Planning Algorithms","score":0.9898999929428101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10996","display_name":"Computational Geometry and Mesh Generation","score":0.9898999929428101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/revolute-joint","display_name":"Revolute joint","score":0.8834869861602783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interlock","display_name":"Interlock","score":0.6132046580314636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.5163899064064026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.5095115303993225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bar","display_name":"Bar (unit)","score":0.5075501203536987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.47032105922698975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.4553121328353882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chain","display_name":"Chain (unit)","score":0.42063212394714355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering","display_name":"Structural engineering","score":0.28960633277893066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.286391019821167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.23596131801605225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.21267324686050415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.19506826996803284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.18607944250106812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.13894575834274292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.13156726956367493}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5643039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3819341","display_name":"Revolute joint","level":3,"score":0.8834869861602783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99535591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1817095","display_name":"Interlock","level":2,"score":0.6132046580314636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.5163899064064026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.5095115303993225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188721877","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103510","display_name":"Bar (unit)","level":2,"score":0.5075501203536987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47032105922698975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4553121328353882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199185054","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q552299","display_name":"Chain (unit)","level":2,"score":0.42063212394714355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.28960633277893066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.286391019821167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.23596131801605225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.21267324686050415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.19506826996803284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.18607944250106812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.13894575834274292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.13156726956367493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/513400.513424","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/513400.513424","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the eighteenth annual symposium on Computational geometry","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.smith.edu:csc_facpubs-1206","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarworks.smith.edu/csc_facpubs/205","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196392","display_name":"Smith ScholarWorks (Smith College)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I202524275","host_organization_name":"Smith College","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202524275"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computer Science: Faculty Publications","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.10.3574","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.10.3574","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://cgm.cs.mcgill.ca/~sl/papers/slinks2-SoCG.ps.gz","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.86.6278","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.86.6278","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://maven.smith.edu/~orourke/Papers/slinksg.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/74469","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/74469","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401063","display_name":"D\u00e9p\u00f4t institutionnel de l'Universit\u00e9 libre de Bruxelles (Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I132053463","host_organization_name":"Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132053463"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"In: Proceedings of the 2002 ACM Symposium on Computational Geometry","raw_type":"info:ulb-repo/semantics/openurl/proceeding"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.6499999761581421,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1481903970","https://openalex.org/W1493335170","https://openalex.org/W1971479960","https://openalex.org/W1980169569","https://openalex.org/W1996296982","https://openalex.org/W2067754486","https://openalex.org/W2146924556","https://openalex.org/W2154394754","https://openalex.org/W2320652858"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2883550785","https://openalex.org/W2890977713","https://openalex.org/W1980749193","https://openalex.org/W2123089778","https://openalex.org/W2899776278","https://openalex.org/W2790463165","https://openalex.org/W2116626317","https://openalex.org/W1497007238","https://openalex.org/W2065877964","https://openalex.org/W1750740521"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,30],"advance":[1],"the":[2,16,19,46],"study":[3],"of":[4,6,33,49],"collections":[5],"open":[7,80],"linkages":[8,20],"in":[9,15],"3-space":[10],"that":[11,18,63],"may":[12],"be":[13,22],"interlocked":[14],"sense":[17],"cannot":[21],"separated":[23],"without":[24],"one":[25],"bar":[26],"crossing":[27],"through":[28],"another.":[29],"consider":[31],"chains":[32,50],"bars":[34,52],"connected":[35],"with":[36],"rigid":[37],"joints,":[38,40],"revolute":[39],"or":[41,67],"universal":[42],"joints":[43],"and":[44,51,77],"explore":[45],"smallest":[47],"number":[48],"needed":[53],"to":[54,65,68],"achieve":[55],"interlock.":[56],"Whereas":[57],"previous":[58],"work":[59,72],"used":[60],"topological":[61],"invariants":[62,76],"applied":[64],"single":[66],"closed":[69],"chains,":[70],"this":[71],"relies":[73],"on":[74,79],"geometric":[75],"concentrates":[78],"chains.":[81]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
