{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3162294382","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0146411621020097","title":"Detecting Small Objects in Thermal Images Using Single-Shot Detector","display_name":"Detecting Small Objects in Thermal Images Using Single-Shot Detector","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3162294382","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0146411621020097","mag":"3162294382"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3103/s0146411621020097","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0146411621020097","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S17203304","display_name":"Automatic Control and Computer Sciences","issn_l":"0146-4116","issn":["0146-4116","1558-108X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320267","host_organization_name":"Pleiades Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320267","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Pleiades Publishing","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Automatic Control and Computer Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2108.11101","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Hao Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141649914","display_name":"Nanchang University","ror":"https://ror.org/042v6xz23","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141649914"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Nanchang University, 330031, Nanchang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Nanchang University, 330031, Nanchang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141649914"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xiang-gong Hong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141649914","display_name":"Nanchang University","ror":"https://ror.org/042v6xz23","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141649914"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang-gong Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Nanchang University, 330031, Nanchang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Nanchang University, 330031, Nanchang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141649914"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Li Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141649914","display_name":"Nanchang University","ror":"https://ror.org/042v6xz23","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141649914"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Nanchang University, 330031, Nanchang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Nanchang University, 330031, Nanchang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141649914"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141649914"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3564,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82863812,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"55","issue":"2","first_page":"202","last_page":"211"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.7763000130653381,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.7763000130653381,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.06210000067949295,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12549","display_name":"Image and Object Detection Techniques","score":0.010099999606609344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deconvolution","display_name":"Deconvolution","score":0.8087999820709229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.6650000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolution","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","score":0.6488000154495239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pascal","display_name":"Pascal (unit)","score":0.6061999797821045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.573199987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.5691999793052673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/single-shot","display_name":"Single shot","score":0.5461000204086304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dilation","display_name":"Dilation (metric space)","score":0.44110000133514404}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8425999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174576160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1183700","display_name":"Deconvolution","level":2,"score":0.8087999820709229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.6650000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45347329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166604","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","level":3,"score":0.6488000154495239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75608658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44395","display_name":"Pascal (unit)","level":2,"score":0.6061999797821045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6053000092506409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.573199987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.5691999793052673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019835501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1310130","display_name":"Single shot","level":2,"score":0.5461000204086304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5297999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780757906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5276676","display_name":"Dilation (metric space)","level":2,"score":0.44110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.37549999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.3734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.35429999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.32190001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.31049999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3086000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.2939999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781122975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16928266","display_name":"Semantic feature","level":2,"score":0.29350000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.2777000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158525013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2593739","display_name":"Fusion","level":2,"score":0.2648000121116638}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3103/s0146411621020097","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0146411621020097","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S17203304","display_name":"Automatic Control and Computer Sciences","issn_l":"0146-4116","issn":["0146-4116","1558-108X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320267","host_organization_name":"Pleiades Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320267","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Pleiades Publishing","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Automatic Control and Computer Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2108.11101","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2108.11101","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2108.11101","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2108.11101","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2108.11101","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2108.11101","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W7746136","https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W1745334888","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W2088049833","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2179352600","https://openalex.org/W2193145675","https://openalex.org/W2288122362","https://openalex.org/W2412782625","https://openalex.org/W2570343428","https://openalex.org/W2962849972","https://openalex.org/W2962917547","https://openalex.org/W2962992847","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963300223","https://openalex.org/W2963604034","https://openalex.org/W2963813458","https://openalex.org/W6600175564","https://openalex.org/W6600347437","https://openalex.org/W6601575680","https://openalex.org/W6602254124","https://openalex.org/W6604385206","https://openalex.org/W6610122945","https://openalex.org/W6638553918","https://openalex.org/W6664298863"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"SSD":[0,29,55,68],"(Single":[1],"Shot":[2,50],"Multibox":[3,51],"Detector)":[4],"is":[5,81,96],"one":[6],"of":[7,28,88,102,158,166],"the":[8,21,65,74,85,100],"most":[9],"successful":[10],"object":[11,71,160],"detectors":[12],"for":[13,69,140],"its":[14],"high":[15,106],"accuracy":[16,167],"and":[17,47,93,117,149,168],"fast":[18],"speed.":[19,169],"However,":[20],"features":[22,89],"from":[23,90,105],"shallow":[24,91],"layer":[25,92],"(mainly":[26],"Conv4_3)":[27],"lack":[30],"semantic":[31],"information,":[32],"resulting":[33],"in":[34,37,163],"poor":[35],"performance":[36,66],"small":[38,70,141],"objects.":[39],"In":[40,73],"this":[41],"paper,":[42],"we":[43],"proposed":[44],"DDSSD":[45,143],"(Dilation":[46],"Deconvolution":[48],"Single":[49],"Detector),":[52],"an":[53],"enhanced":[54],"with":[56,127],"a":[57,134,156],"novel":[58],"feature":[59,75,103],"fusion":[60,76],"module":[61,80,95],"which":[62],"can":[63],"improve":[64],"over":[67],"detection.":[72],"module,":[77],"dilation":[78],"convolution":[79],"utilized":[82],"to":[83,98],"enlarge":[84],"receptive":[86],"field":[87],"deconvolution":[94],"adopted":[97],"increase":[99],"size":[101],"maps":[104],"layer.":[107],"Our":[108],"network":[109],"achieves":[110,144],"79.7%":[111],"mAP":[112],"on":[113,120,146,151],"PASCAL":[114],"VOC2007":[115],"test":[116],"28.3%":[118],"mmAP":[119],"MS":[121,147],"COCO":[122,148],"test-dev":[123],"at":[124],"41":[125],"FPS":[126],"only":[128],"300":[129,131],"\u00d7":[130],"input":[132],"using":[133],"single":[135],"Nvidia":[136],"1080":[137],"GPU.":[138],"Especially,":[139],"objects,":[142],"10.5%":[145],"22.8%":[150],"FLIR":[152],"thermal":[153],"dataset,":[154],"outperforming":[155],"lot":[157],"state-of-the-art":[159],"detection":[161],"algorithms":[162],"both":[164],"aspects":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2021-05-24T00:00:00"}