{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4281638633","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2205.13703","title":"Why So Pessimistic? Estimating Uncertainties for Offline RL through Ensembles, and Why Their Independence Matters","display_name":"Why So Pessimistic? Estimating Uncertainties for Offline RL through Ensembles, and Why Their Independence Matters","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4281638633","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2205.13703"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2205.13703","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2205.13703","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2205.13703","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2205.13703","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005349853","display_name":"Seyed Kamyar Seyed Ghasemipour","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ghasemipour, Seyed Kamyar Seyed","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061613634","display_name":"Shixiang Gu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gu, Shixiang Shane","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057773393","display_name":"Ofir Nachum","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nachum, Ofir","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005349853"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.9430000185966492,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.9430000185966492,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7437991499900818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.7008075714111328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/margin","display_name":"Margin (machine learning)","score":0.6234780550003052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6130408644676208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6120064854621887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5661967992782593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pessimism","display_name":"Pessimism","score":0.5531078577041626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ensemble-learning","display_name":"Ensemble learning","score":0.5464717745780945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/independence","display_name":"Independence (probability theory)","score":0.5340057611465454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16531842947006226}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7437991499900818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.7008075714111328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C774472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6760393","display_name":"Margin (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.6234780550003052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6130408644676208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6120064854621887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5661967992782593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9992130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484954","display_name":"Pessimism","level":2,"score":0.5531078577041626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45942800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245652","display_name":"Ensemble learning","level":2,"score":0.5464717745780945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35651441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q625303","display_name":"Independence (probability theory)","level":2,"score":0.5340057611465454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16531842947006226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2205.13703","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2205.13703","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2205.13703","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2205.13703","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2205.13703","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2205.13703","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2205.13703","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2205.13703","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4380987628","https://openalex.org/W2418537576","https://openalex.org/W2557514562","https://openalex.org/W214945085","https://openalex.org/W1987935396","https://openalex.org/W3126025002","https://openalex.org/W2354456418","https://openalex.org/W3197683035","https://openalex.org/W2006807542","https://openalex.org/W2374935031"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Motivated":[0],"by":[1,38,49,165],"the":[2,26,55,128,139,177,187,230,240],"success":[3],"of":[4,20,29,57,74,110,132,180,189,234],"ensembles":[5,19,159],"for":[6,31,216,242],"uncertainty":[7,247],"estimation":[8,248],"in":[9,43,76],"supervised":[10,217],"learning,":[11],"we":[12,79,98,175,209],"take":[13],"a":[14,40,44,101,123,166],"renewed":[15],"look":[16],"at":[17,250],"how":[18],"$Q$-functions":[21,111],"can":[22,85,200,219],"be":[23,220],"leveraged":[24],"as":[25,154,193],"primary":[27],"source":[28],"pessimism":[30],"offline":[32,103,145],"reinforcement":[33],"learning":[34,218],"(RL).":[35],"We":[36],"begin":[37],"identifying":[39],"critical":[41,178],"flaw":[42],"popular":[45,140],"algorithmic":[46],"choice":[47],"used":[48],"many":[50],"ensemble-based":[51],"RL":[52,104,143,146],"algorithms,":[53],"namely":[54],"use":[56],"shared":[58,82],"pessimistic":[59,83],"target":[60],"values":[61],"when":[62],"computing":[63],"each":[64],"ensemble":[65,109,190,198,213],"member's":[66],"Bellman":[67],"error.":[68],"Through":[69],"theoretical":[70],"analyses":[71],"and":[72,121,142,185,223,232],"construction":[73],"examples":[75],"toy":[77],"MDPs,":[78],"demonstrate":[80,148,224],"that":[81,91,106,149,225],"targets":[84,115],"paradoxically":[86],"lead":[87],"to":[88,127],"value":[89],"estimates":[90],"are":[92],"effectively":[93],"optimistic.":[94],"Given":[95],"this":[96],"result,":[97],"propose":[99],"MSG,":[100],"practical":[102],"algorithm":[105],"trains":[107],"an":[108],"with":[112,125,157,204,236],"independently":[113,182],"computed":[114],"based":[116],"on":[117,138,150,172],"completely":[118],"separate":[119,195,237],"networks,":[120,238],"optimizes":[122],"policy":[124],"respect":[126],"lower":[129],"confidence":[130],"bound":[131],"predicted":[133],"action":[134],"values.":[135],"Our":[136],"experiments":[137],"D4RL":[141],"Unplugged":[144],"benchmarks":[147,173],"challenging":[151],"domains":[152],"such":[153],"antmazes,":[155],"MSG":[156,235],"deep":[158],"surpasses":[160],"highly":[161],"well-tuned":[162],"state-of-the-art":[163],"methods":[164],"wide":[167],"margin.":[168],"Additionally,":[169],"through":[170],"ablations":[171],"domains,":[174],"verify":[176],"significance":[179],"using":[181,194],"trained":[183],"$Q$-functions,":[184],"study":[186],"role":[188],"size.":[191],"Finally,":[192],"networks":[196],"per":[197],"member":[199],"become":[201],"computationally":[202],"costly":[203],"larger":[205],"neural":[206],"network":[207],"architectures,":[208],"investigate":[210],"whether":[211],"efficient":[212,246],"approximations":[214],"developed":[215],"similarly":[221],"effective,":[222],"they":[226],"do":[227],"not":[228],"match":[229],"performance":[231],"robustness":[233],"highlighting":[239],"need":[241],"new":[243],"efforts":[244],"into":[245],"directed":[249],"RL.":[251]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-02-09T09:26:11.010843","created_date":"2022-06-13T00:00:00"}