{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2072818362","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5244/c.20.58","title":"Incremental Learning of Locally Orthogonal Subspaces for Set-based Object Recognition","display_name":"Incremental Learning of Locally Orthogonal Subspaces for Set-based Object Recognition","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2072818362","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5244/c.20.58","mag":"2072818362"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5244/c.20.58","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5244/c.20.58","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Procedings of the British Machine Vision Conference 2006","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100653784","display_name":"Tae\u2010Kyun Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7587-6053"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"T.-K. Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Cambridge,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cambridge,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028209738","display_name":"Josef Kittler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8110-9205"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Kittler","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018207993","display_name":"Roberto Cipolla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8999-2151"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Cipolla","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100653784"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2647,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80512905,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"58.1","last_page":"58.10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12676","display_name":"Machine Learning and ELM","score":0.9692999720573425,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9674999713897705,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-subspace","display_name":"Linear subspace","score":0.9371391534805298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonality","display_name":"Orthogonality","score":0.8125733733177185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-transformation","display_name":"Orthogonal transformation","score":0.5827535390853882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.5711565613746643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5559800863265991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Principal component analysis","score":0.5529966354370117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.496603786945343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.4761238694190979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-basis","display_name":"Orthogonal basis","score":0.4401644468307495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4243309199810028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.39728763699531555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3903435468673706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pure-mathematics","display_name":"Pure mathematics","score":0.08927798271179199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.06796273589134216}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12362212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q728435","display_name":"Linear subspace","level":2,"score":0.9371391534805298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17137986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215067","display_name":"Orthogonality","level":2,"score":0.8125733733177185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54940322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3997740","display_name":"Orthogonal transformation","level":2,"score":0.5827535390853882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5711565613746643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5559800863265991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.5529966354370117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.496603786945343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.4761238694190979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187064257","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3306808","display_name":"Orthogonal basis","level":2,"score":0.4401644468307495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4243309199810028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.39728763699531555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3903435468673706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.08927798271179199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.06796273589134216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5244/c.20.58","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5244/c.20.58","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Procedings of the British Machine Vision Conference 2006","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.380.8759","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.380.8759","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.bmva.org/bmvc/2006/papers/180.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:generic.eprints.org:325510","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://publications.eng.cam.ac.uk/325510/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922847","display_name":"Cambridge University Engineering Department Publications Database","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference or Workshop Item"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.7300000190734863,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1506778248","https://openalex.org/W1550365753","https://openalex.org/W1564660545","https://openalex.org/W1591413801","https://openalex.org/W1820849028","https://openalex.org/W2087399108","https://openalex.org/W2117138194","https://openalex.org/W2122691893","https://openalex.org/W2131858147","https://openalex.org/W2143675408","https://openalex.org/W2144002622","https://openalex.org/W3030910590","https://openalex.org/W3097096317","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2269356610","https://openalex.org/W4232228426","https://openalex.org/W4246218487","https://openalex.org/W2365891864","https://openalex.org/W2370666208","https://openalex.org/W4321435887","https://openalex.org/W2373103659","https://openalex.org/W2079913584","https://openalex.org/W4320926367","https://openalex.org/W4387702355"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Orthogonal":[0],"subspaces":[1,21,68,123,142,146,160],"are":[2,161],"effective":[3],"models":[4],"to":[5,26,107,164,168],"represent":[6],"object":[7,128],"image":[8,39,49,129,137],"sets":[9,30],"(generally":[10],"any":[11],"high-dimensional":[12],"vector":[13],"sets).":[14],"Canonical":[15],"correlation":[16,79,82],"analysis":[17],"of":[18,31,48,66,76,101,112,121],"the":[19,73,77,86,90,132,139,144,157],"orthogonal":[20,67,122,141,145,159],"provides":[22],"a":[23,35,45,117,125],"good":[24],"solution":[25,88,120],"discriminate":[27],"objects":[28],"with":[29,93,109],"images.":[32],"In":[33,59,131],"such":[34],"recognition":[36],"task":[37],"involving":[38],"sets,":[40,50,138],"an":[41,62],"efficient":[42],"learning":[43,64],"over":[44,55],"large":[46],"volume":[47],"which":[51],"may":[52],"be":[53],"increasing":[54],"time,":[56],"is":[57,69,104],"important.":[58],"this":[60],"paper,":[61],"incremental":[63,165],"method":[65],"proposed":[70,106],"by":[71],"updating":[72,166],"principal":[74],"components":[75],"class":[78],"and":[80,115],"total":[81],"matrices":[83],"separately,":[84],"yielding":[85],"same":[87],"as":[89,147,149],"batch":[91],"computation":[92],"far":[94],"lower":[95],"computational":[96],"cost.":[97],"A":[98],"novel":[99],"concept":[100],"local":[102],"orthogonality":[103],"further":[105],"cope":[108],"non-linear":[110],"manifolds":[111],"data":[113],"vectors":[114],"find":[116],"more":[118],"optimal":[119],"for":[124],"certain":[126],"neighbouring":[127],"sets.":[130],"experiments":[133],"using":[134],"700":[135],"face":[136],"locally":[140,158],"outperformed":[143],"well":[148],"relevant":[150],"state-of-the-art":[151],"methods":[152],"in":[153],"accuracy.":[154],"Note":[155],"that":[156],"also":[162],"amenable":[163],"due":[167],"their":[169],"linear":[170],"property.":[171],"1":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}