Bowed String Synthesis Extensions

International Standard Book Number — Click for https://mathworld.wolfram.com/ISBN.html

The Synthesis Tool Kit (STK) is a C++ tool kit for rapid prototyping of sound synthesis algorithms. — Click for https://ccrma.stanford.edu/software/stk/

The velocity of an object is the time derivative of the object's displacement. Velocity is a commonly chosen wave variable in physical modeling. — Click for http://ccrma.stanford.edu/~jos/Mohonk05/Ideal_Struck_String_Velocity.html

A force is required to change the momentum of an object. In the absence of external forces, momentum is conserved. For a mass m in flight, the momentum is m v, where v denotes the velocity of the mass. Newton's second law, F = m a, says that force equals mass times acceleration, i.e., force equals the time derivative of momentum. — Click for https://scienceworld.wolfram.com/physics/Force.html

A sensor measures some physical quantity in a form that can be used electronically. For example, piezoelectric crystals are often used in force sensors because they transduce force across the crystal into a voltage. Optical sensors are typically based on the photoelectric effect. — Click for http://www.google.com/search?q=sensors

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A periodic signal is a signal that forever repeats itself. — Click for http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Signals_and_Systems/Periodic_Signals

A measure of the average thermal energy of a substance, typically expressed in degrees Celsius, or degrees Kelvin. — Click for http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature

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Bowed String Synthesis Extensions

For maximally natural interaction between the bow and string, bow-hair dynamics should be included in a proper bow model [177]. In addition, the width of the bow should be variable, depending on bow ``angle''. A finite difference model for the finite width bow was reported in [354,355]. The bow-string friction characteristic should employ a thermodynamic model of bow friction in which the bow rosin has a time-varying viscosity due to temperature variations within a period of sound [553]. It is well known by bowed-string players that rosin is sensitive to temperature. Thermal models of dynamic friction in bowed strings are described in [430], and they have been used in virtual bowed strings for computer music [423,427,21].

Given a good model of a bowed-string instrument, it is most natural to interface it to a physical bow-type controller, with sensors for force, velocity, position, angle, and so on [424,296].

A real-time software implementation of a bowed-string model, similar to that shown in Fig.9.52, is available in the Synthesis Tool Kit (STK) distribution as Bowed.cpp. It provides a convenient starting point for more refined bowed-string models [278].

Bowed String Synthesis Extensions

``Physical Audio Signal Processing'', by Julius O. Smith III, W3K Publishing, 2010, ISBN 978-0-9745607-2-4 Copyright © 2024-06-28 by Julius O. Smith III Center for Computer Research in Music and Acoustics (CCRMA), Stanford University

``Physical Audio Signal Processing'', by Julius O. Smith III, W3K Publishing, 2010, ISBN 978-0-9745607-2-4
Copyright © 2024-06-28 by Julius O. Smith III
Center for Computer Research in Music and Acoustics (CCRMA), Stanford University