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As mentioned above, the delay-line length 
in a digital flanger
is typically modulated by a low-frequency oscillator (LFO).
The oscillator waveform is usually triangular, sinusoidal, or
exponential (triangular on a log-frequency scale). In the sinusoidal
case, we have the following delay variation:
![$\displaystyle M(n) = M_0 \cdot \left[1 + A\sin(2\pi f n T)\right]
$](img1240.png){kind=small}
where
is the ``speed'' (or ``rate'') of the flanger
in cycles per second, 
is the ``excursion'' or ``sweep'' (maximum delay swing)
which is often not brought out as a user-controllable parameter, and
is the average delay length controlling the average notch
density (also not normally brought out as a user-controllable
parameter).
