ᎤᎶᎩᎳ

ᎤᏬᎩᎸ ᎠᎾᏓᎪᎾᏛᏗᏍᎬ ᏙᏯᏗᎳ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ

ᏄᏓᎴᎿᎥ ᎤᎶᎩᎸ ᎢᏗᎦᎪᏘ

ᎤᎶᎩᎸ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎬᎪᏩᏛᏗ ᎦᏟᏌᏅ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᎦᏟᏌᏅ ᎦᎴᏴᏔᏅ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏛᏍᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏁᏍᏓᎳ ᎤᏓᏅᏖᏗᎦᏛᎢ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏃᎴᏍᎬ ᎦᎸᎳᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏚᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎡᎶᎯ ᎠᎴ ᏄᏓᎴ planetary ᎠᏰᎸ. ᎯᎠ ᎤᏩᏂᎦᎸ ᎤᏃᎴ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᏚᎶᎩᎸ ᎠᎴ ᎤᎦᏎᏍᏔᏅᎩ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎤᏬᎩᎸ.

ᎾᎿ ᎡᎶᎯ, ᎯᎠ condensing ᏗᎧᏃᏗ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎠᎹ ᎥᏝ ᎪᎱᏍᏗ, ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᏚᏙᏢᏒ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏛᏍᏗ ᎠᎹ (ᎢᏯᏛᏁᎵᏓᏍᏗ 0.01 mm ᎤᏁᏍᏓᎳ ᎤᏓᏅᏖᏗ) Ꮎ, ᎯᎳᎪ ᎢᏳ dagatuwistanv ᎬᏙᏗ ᎯᏍᎩ ᏐᎢ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏛᏍᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏓᏅᏖᏗ, ᎠᎴ ᎬᎪᏩᏛᏗ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᏚᎶᎩᎸ. ᎠᏫᏒᏗ ᎠᏍᏛᎩ ᏚᎶᎩᎸ ᎬᏂᎨᏒ ᏂᎬᏅ ᎦᎸᎳᏗ reflectance (70 95%) ᏂᎦᏅᎯᏒ ᎯᎠ ᎬᎪᏩᏛᏗ ᎠᏍᏓᏅᏅ wavelengths: ᎤᏅᏌ ᎯᎠ ᎢᏴ ᎦᎾᏄᎪᎢᏍᏗ ᎤᏁᎬ, ᎾᎾᎢ ᎠᏂᎦᏲᎵ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏚᎢ. ᎤᎶᎩᎸ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏛᏍᏗ ᏫᏚᏳᎪᏛ ᎠᏗᎦᎴᏯᏍᏗ ᎠᏨᏍᏛ ᎤᏙᎯᏳ ᎠᏏᎾᏍᏛ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᎢᎬᏂᏏᏍᎩ Ꮎ ᎯᎠ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎢᎦᏘ ᎯᎠ ᎡᎶᎯ ᎤᏣᏘᎾ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏛᏍᏗ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎤᏒᏙᏂ ᎾᎾᎯ ᎯᎠ ᎤᎶᎩᎸ, ᏯᏛᎾ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏍᎪᎸ ᏌᎪᏂᎨ ᎠᎴ ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᏱᏓᏟᎶᏍᏔᏅ ᎤᎳᏏᎩ ᎦᎾᏄᎪᏨᎢ ᎯᎠ ᏚᎶᎩᎸ ᎾᎾᎢ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ alenvdidsv. ᏌᎨᎢ ᏚᎶᎩᎸ ᎠᎾᏍᎬᏘ ᎦᎾᏄᎪᎢᏍᏗ ᎤᎭ ᎠᏯᏍᏗ ᎠᎩᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏗᎧᏃᏗ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ ᎠᎴ ᎣᎾᏗᏢ, ᎠᎴ ᏚᎶᎩᎸ illuminated ᎾᎥᎢ ᎬᏙᏗ-ᎤᏁᎬ ᎠᏨᏍᏛ, ᏯᏛᎿ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎾᎯᏳᎨᏒ ᎧᎸᎬ ᎠᎴ ᏭᏕᎵᎬ, ᎠᎾᏍᎬᏘ ᎾᏍᏋ ᎠᏑᏫᏒ ᎧᎵ ᏗᏙᎳᎩ. ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎾᎥᏂᎨ-infrared ᎠᏍᏓᏅᏅ, ᏱᏂᎬᏛᎾ, ᏚᎶᎩᎸ ᏯᏓᎢᏗᏏ ᎦᎾᏄᎪᎢᏍᏗ ᎤᏙᎯᏳ ᎤᎳᏏᎩ ᎢᎬᏂᏏᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎹ Ꮎ ᎪᏪᎳᏅ ᎠᎪᎵᏰᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎤᎶᎩᎸ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏛᏍᏗ ᎤᎳᏂᎩᏗᏳ ᎠᎧᏲᏙᏗ ᎡᎶᎯ ᎤᏣᏘᎾ ᎾᎾᎢ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ wavelengths.

ᎤᎶᎩᎸ ᎪᏪᎳᏅ ᎠᎪᎵᏰᏗ ᎠᎴ properties

ᏧᏓᎴᏅᏓ ᎦᏟᏌᏅ ᎤᎶᎩᎸ ᎪᏪᎳᏅ ᎠᎪᎵᏰᏗ

Global ᎠᏓᏅᏖᏗ ᎤᎶᎩᎸ ᎠᎪᏩᏛᏗ ᎾᏯᏛᎲᎢ

ᏚᎶᎩᎸ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎯᎳᎪ ᎢᏳ ᎯᎠ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎠᎹ ᎥᏝ ᎪᎱᏍᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏃᎴ ᎠᎦᏲᎳᏗᏍᏗ ᎾᎾᎯ ᎬᎪᏩᏛᏗ ᎠᎹ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏛᏍᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏁᏍᏓᎳ ᎤᏓᏅᏖᏗ. ᎪᎯ ᏰᎵᏇ ᏄᎵᏍᏔᏅ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏦᎢ ᏫᎦᎶᎯᏍᏗ:

1. ᎯᎠ ᎤᏃᎴ ᎨᏒᎢ ᏄᏁᏌᏴᏢ ᎡᎳᏗᏢ Ꮝ ᎠᏍᏆᏙᏅ ᎪᏍᏓᏱ. ᎪᎯ ᏥᏄᎵᏍᏔᏅ ᎯᎳᎪ ᎢᏳ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏃᎴ ᎦᎷᎦ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏚᏓᏂᏴᏒ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎤᏴᏢ ᎦᏚᎢ ᎠᎴ ᎦᏚᎢ Ꮎ ᎨᏒᎢ ᏄᏁᏌᏴᏢ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎤᏣᏘᎾ, ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏃᎴ ᎨᏒᎢ ᏄᏁᏌᏴᏢ ᎾᎥᎢ adiabatic ᎤᏚᏃᎯᏍᏔᏍᎧ (ᎠᎵᏌᎳᏗᏍᎬ). ᎪᎯ ᏰᎵᏇ ᏄᎵᏍᏔᏅ:

• ᎨᎳᏛᏍᏗ ᎤᎦᎾᏩ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏴᏢ ᎢᎬᏱᏗᏢ(ᏙᏯᏗᏢ ᎠᏌᎳᏙᏗ)
• ᎭᏢᏃ ᎤᏃᎴ ᎠᏕᏴᎠᏍᎬ ᎦᎸᎳᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏍᏆᎨᏂ ᎣᏓᎸ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏁᏌᏴᏟ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᎵᏌᎳᏙᏗ ᎦᎸᎳᏗᎨᏍᏙᏗ ᎾᎾᎯ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏃᎴᏍᎬ (orographic ᎠᏌᎳᏙᏗ)
• ᎾᎥᎢ ᎯᎠ ᏫᏓᏲᎯᏍᏗ ᎢᎬᏂᏌᏅᎯ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎤᎦᎾᏭ ᎦᏚᎢ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎤᎦᎾᏭ (ᎠᏓᏠᎯᏍᏗ ᎠᎦᎾᏫᏗᏍᎩ)
• ᎯᎳᎪ ᎢᏳ ᎤᎦᎾᏩ ᎤᏃᎴ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ ᎦᏬᎯᎸᏙᏗ colder ᎦᏚᎢ ᏯᏛᎿ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎤᏁᏌᏴᏟ ᎠᏰᎸ ᎠᎹ.

2. ᏚᎶᎩᎸ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎾᏍᏋ ᎪᏢᎯ Ꭲgotlvhi ignelvhi ᎯᎳᎪ ᎢᏳ ᏔᎵ ᎤᏃᎴ masses ᎡᎳᏗᏢ ᎠᏍᏆᏙᏅ ᎪᏍᏓᏱ ᎦᏟᏐᏗ. ᏱᏓᏟᎶᏍᏔᏅ ᎠᎴ ᎧᏬᎳᏕᏍᎬ ᎾᎿ ᎤᏴᏢ ᎢᎦ, aircraft contrailᎠᎴ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᎠᎺᏉᎯ ᏧᎦᏒᏍᏗ.

3. ᎯᎠ ᎤᏃᎴ ᎫᏢᎥᏍᎬ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏠᏱ ᏄᏁᏌᏴᏢ ᎠᎴ ᎠᎧᏲᏙᏗ ᎤᏟ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎠᎹ ᎥᏝ ᎪᎱᏍᏗ ᎾᎾᎯ ᎾᏍᎩ iyuwakodi ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᏙᏯᏅᎯᏗᎠ ᎠᏍᏆᏙᏅ.

ᎯᎠ ᎠᎹ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏫᏚᏳᎪᏛ ᎤᎶᎩᎸ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎤᎭ ᎦᏟᏌᏅ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᎦᎸᎳᏗᏢ ᎯᎸᏍᎩ ᎢᏳᏆᏗᏅᏓ tonne. ᏱᏂᎬᏛᎾ, ᎯᎠ ᎦᏟᏌᏅ ᎪᏪᎵ ᎤᎶᎩᎸ ᎨᏒᎢ ᏓᎾᏓᏛᎩᏍᎬ ᎦᎸᎳᏗ, ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᎦᎸᎳᏗᏢ ᏚᎵᎬᏩᎳᏅ ᎠᏫᏒᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏗᎦᏃᏢᎩ ᎤᎦᎾᏩ ᎤᏃᎴ ᏚᏂᏴᏒ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏛᏍᏗ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎡᎳᏗ ᏰᎵᏊ Ꮎ ᎤᏃᎴ ᎠᎵᏱᎵᏒ ᎧᏃᎮᏗ ᎡᎳᏗᏢ ᎠᎴ ᎭᏫᏂᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎤᎶᎩᎸ ᎠᎴ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎢᎬᏁᏗ ᎤᏍᏆᏂᎪᏛ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎦᏛᎢ. ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎠᏔᎴᏒ ᎠᎹᏱ, ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎤᎶᎩᎸ ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ static: ᎠᎹ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏛᏍᏗ ᎠᎴ ᏂᎪᎯᎸᎢ ᏑᏓᎴᎩ ᎠᎴ re-evaporating. ᏫᏚᏳᎪᏛ ᎤᎶᎩᎸ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏛᏍᏗ ᎤᎭ gvwatuwidv ᎾᎿ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏓᏅᏍᏗ 1 x 10 ^-5 m ᎠᎴ ᎤᎵᏍᏛ ᎠᏓᏁᎳᏅᎯ ᎬᏩᏚᏫᏛ 1-2 cm/. ᎪᎯ ᎠᏓᏁᏗ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏛᏍᏗ ᎡᎵᏉ iyuwakodi re-ᎥᏝ ᎪᎱᏍᏗ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎤᏅᏌ ᎤᎶᏒᎩ ᎾᎾᎯ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏟ ᎤᎦᎾᏩ ᎤᏃᎴ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎤᎶᎩᎸ.

Cumulonimbus ᎤᎶᎩᎸ

ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᎠᎹ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏛᏍᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎪᏢᎯ Ꭲgotlvhi ignelvhi ᎯᎳᎪ ᎢᏳ ᎠᎹ ᎥᏝ ᎪᎱᏍᏗ ᎠᎦᏲᎳᏗᏍᏗ yvwatuwidv ᎠᎦᏲᎳᏗᏍᏗ ᎠᏰᎵ, ᎤᏍᏗ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏛᏍᏗ ᏧᎦᏒᏍᏗ, ᎪᏍᏚᎭ, ᎪᏍᏚ, ᎠᎴ ᎠᎹ. ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎡᎵᏉ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ, ᎠᎹ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏛᏍᏗ ᎠᎾᏍᎬᏘ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᎯ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎠᎦᏲᎳᏗᏍᏗ nuclei.

ᎠᎹ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏛᏍᏗ ᎡᏆ ᏰᎵᏊ ᎤᎶᏒᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏙᎯ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏛᎯᏍᏔᏅ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏔᎵ ᏫᎦᎶᎯᏍᏗ. ᎯᎠ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᎤᎵᏍᎨᏛ ᎤᏅᏔᏂᏓᏍᏗ ᎨᏒᎢ ᏗᎬᏩᎶᏒ ᎯᎠ Bergeron ᏧᎵᎬᏩᎳᏅᎯ, theorized ᎾᎥᎢ ᏂᎦᏛᎢ Bergeron, ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ supercooled ᎠᎹ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏛᏍᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏁᏍᏓᎳ ᎤᏓᏅᏖᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎤᎶᎩᎸ interact ᎠᏛᎯᏍᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏣᏄᎳ ᎤᏛᏏᏗᏒ ᎤᏁᏍᏓᎳ ᎤᏓᏅᏖᏗ; ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏓᏅᏖᏗ ᎤᏓᏂᏝᏅ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎯᎠ ᎤᎶᎩᎸ ᎠᎴ ᎠᎦᏲᎳᏗᏍᏗ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎤᏅᏌ ᎤᎶᏒᎩ. ᎪᎯ ᏧᎵᎬᏩᎳᏅᎯ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᎵᏓᏍᏗ ᎠᎩᏍᎪᎢ ᎾᎿᎢ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏚᎶᎩᎸ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎦᏚᎢ ᎤᏁᏍᏓᎳ ᎦᎸᏙᏗ ᎬᎾᏬᏍᎬ -15°C. ᎯᎠ ᏔᎵᏁ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᎤᎵᏍᎨᏛ ᏧᎵᎬᏩᎳᏅᎯ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎯᎠ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏰᏨ ᎠᏥᏂᏱᏍᎬ ᏧᎵᎬᏩᎳᏅᎯ, ᏂᎦᎳᏍᏗᏍᎬ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏚᎶᎩᎸ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎤᏟ ᎤᎦᎾᏩ ᎦᏚᎢ, ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᎠᎵᏌᎳᏗᏍᎬ ᎠᎴ ᎦᎶᏍᎬ ᎠᎹ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏛᏍᏗ ᎠᏛᎯᏍᏗ ᎡᏆᎯᎨᏍᏙᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎡᏆᎯᎨᏍᏙᏗ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏛᏍᏗ, ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎠᎴ ᏭᎵᏱᎶᎸ ᎦᎨᏛ ᏰᎵᏊ ᎤᏓᏢᏔᏍᏗ ᎤᏃᎴ ᎠᎵᏱᎵᏒ ᎧᏃᎮᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎤᎶᎩᎸ ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ updraft ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᎴ ᎤᎶᏒᎩ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎠᎦᏍᎬ. ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏛᏍᏗ ᎦᎶᏍᎦ ᏗᎬᏩᎶᏒ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏂᎦᏲᎵ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏛᏍᏗ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎦᏃᎴᏍᎬ ᎾᏍᎩ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᏛᎯᏍᏗ "ᎠᏰᏨ" ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎠᏎᎯᏍᏗ ᎢᎦᏛ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏂᎦᏲᎵ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏛᏍᏗ ᎾᎾᎯ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ, perpetuating ᎯᎠ ᏧᎵᎬᏩᎳᏅᎯ. ᎪᎯ ᎢᎬᎾᏗ raindrop ᎠᏛᎯᏍᏙᏗ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎢᎬᏱ ᎠᎴᏅᏗ ᎪᎱᏍᏗ ᎬᏔᏂᏓᏍᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎡᎳᏗ ᏫᏚᏳᎪᏛ ᏚᎶᎩᎸ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎤᏬᎩᎸ ᏚᎶᎩᎸ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏗᏓᏁᏟᏴᎡᏗ ᏅᎩᏨᎴ ᎠᎴ ᎤᎦᎾᏭ ᎤᏔᏂᏗ ᎦᏙᎯ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏛᎯᏍᏗ raindrops ᎯᎸᏍᎩ millimeters ᎠᏰᎵ ᎠᏍᏓᏅᏅ.

ᎪᎯ ᏓᏍᏟᏁᎦ ᎤᎶᎩᎸ ᏗᏟᎶᏍᏙᏗ ᎪᏢᎯ Ꭲgotlvhi ignelvhi ᎤᏣᏘᎾ ᎯᎠ Île Amsterdam ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎢᏅ ᎤᎦᎾᏭ ᎢᏗᏢ ᎠᏴᏫᏯ ᎠᎺᏉᎯ

ᎯᎠ ᎤᏙᎯᏳᏒ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎤᎶᎩᎸ ᎪᏢᏅᎯ ᎠᎵᏍᎦᏍᏙᏗ ᎾᎿ ᎯᎠ ᏄᎵᏂᎬᎬ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎾᏛᎯᏍᏗᏍᎬ ᎠᎴ ᎾᎿ ᎤᏃᎴ ᎠᏂᏙᎾᎥ. ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᏓᏁᎳᏅᎯ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ ᏫᏓᏲᎯᏍᏗ ᎠᎨᏓᏗᏍᏗ, creating ᏄᎶᏒᏍᏛᎾ ᎤᏙᎷᏩᏛᏓ ᏚᎶᎩᎸ. ᏐᏈᎵ ᎤᏂᏴᏍᏗ ᎤᏃᎴ ᎠᏛᎯᏍᏗ ᎤᏩᎾᏕᏍᎩ ᏗᏙᎳᎩ ᏚᎶᎩᎸ. ᏙᏯᏗᏢ ᎠᎾᏛᎯᏍᏗᏍᎬ ᎪᏢᏗ ᏧᏓᎴᏅᏓ ᎤᎶᎩᎸ ᏚᏙᏢᏒ ᎥᎵᏍᎦᏍᏙᏗᏍᎬ ᎾᎿ ᎯᎠ ᎪᏪᎳᏅ ᎠᎪᎵᏰᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎢᎬᏱᏗᏢ (ᏄᏍᏛ ᏗᎧᏃᏗ-ᏗᎦᎪᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎧᏔ-ᏗᎦᎪᏗ ᎤᎦᎾᏩ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏴᏢ ᎢᎬᏱᏗᏢ). Orographic ᎠᎾᏛᎯᏍᏗᏍᎬ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏇ ᎪᏢᏗ ᏂᏙᏓᎳᎬᎾ ᎤᎶᎩᎸ ᏚᏙᏢᏒ ᎥᎵᏍᎦᏍᏙᏗᏍᎬ ᎾᎿ ᎤᏃᎴ ᎠᏂᏙᎾᎥ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᏁᎳᎩ ᎠᎵᏍᏚᎶ ᎤᎶᎩᎸ ᎠᎴ ᏓᏍᏟᏁᎦ ᎤᎶᎩᎸᎠᎴ ᏗᎪᏍᎩ orographic ᏚᎶᎩᎸ.

"ᎤᏗᎴᎩ ᎤᏁᏍᏓᎳ" ᎠᎴ "ᎤᏁᏍᏓᎳ ᎠᏅᏓᏗᏍᏗ" ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎤᎶᎩᎸ ᎪᏪᎳᏅ ᎠᎪᎵᏰᏗ

ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎦᏟᏐᏗᎩ ᎠᎴᏂᏙᎲ ᎯᎠ ᎯᎸᏍᎩ ᎢᎧᏁᏣ ᎠᎴᏂᏍᎬ ᏱᏓᏟᎶᏍᏔᏅ ᎬᏔᏅᎯ ᏄᏍᏛ ᎧᏃᎮᏗ ᎤᎧᏲᏗ ᎤᏁᏍᏓᎳ, ᎤᏗᎴᎩ ᎤᏁᏍᏓᎳ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎯᎠ ᏚᏙᎥ ᎠᏓᏁᎸ ᎠᏍᏆᏂᎪᎯᏍᏗ ᏂᎦᎵᏍᏔᏂᏙᎲ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎠᎹ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎾᏍᏋ ᎤᎦᏔᎲᏒ ᎾᎾᎯ ᎤᏁᏍᏓᎳ ᎾᎾᎢ ᎧᏅᏑᎸ ᏄᏁᏌᏴᏢ ᎾᎥᎢ ᏓᏓᏁᎲᎢ ᎠᎾᎦᎵᏍᎩ ᏠᎨᏏ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏓᏅᏍᏗ 1 ᎢᏳᏆᏗᏅᏓ volts ᎾᏍᎩ ᎢᎬᏂᏏᏍᎩ ᎠᏎᎯᎯ. (Choi 2005). ᎯᎠ ᎢᏳᎵᏍᏙᏗ ᏯᏛᎿ ᎠᎾᎦᎵᏍᎩ ᏕᎦᎶᎨᏒ ᎤᎭ ᏭᏪᏙᎢ ᎧᏁᎢᏍᏔᏅ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᏗᎪᏏᏌᏅ ᎤᎶᎩᎸ ᎪᏪᎳᏅ ᎠᎪᎵᏰᏗ. ᎪᎯ ᎪᎷᏩᏛᏗ, ᏱᏂᎬᏛᎾ, ᎨᏒᎢ ᎦᎸᎳᏗᎨᏍᏗ ᎧᏃᎮᎸᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ, ᎾᎥᎢ ᏂᎦᎵᏍᏗᏍᎬᎫ ᎤᏅᏔᏂᏓᏍᏗ, ᏂᎬᎢ accepted ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎠᎴᏂᏙᎲ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏙᎯᏳᏒ ᎪᎱᏍᏗ ᎬᏔᏂᏓᏍᏗ ᎤᎶᎩᎸ ᎪᏪᎳᏅ ᎠᎪᎵᏰᏗ. ᎯᎠ ᎢᎬᏱ iyuwakodi ᎤᎶᎩᎸ ᎤᏁᏍᏓᎳ ᏚᏙᏢᏒ yvwatuwidv ᎦᏓᏆᎵ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏛᏍᏗ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᎧᏁᎦ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᏗ ᏄᏁᏌᏴᏢ -10°C, ᎠᎴ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏗᏒ ᎤᏴᏢ yvwatuwidv ᎯᎠ ᎤᏠᏱ ᎦᏓᏆᎵ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏛᏍᏗ ᎧᏁᎦ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᏗ ᏄᏁᏌᏴᏢ ᎣᏍᏛ -5°C, ᎠᏂᏁᎢᏍᏗᏍᎬ ᎢᎦᏛ ᎤᏓᏅᏗ "ᎤᏁᏍᏓᎳ ᎠᏅᏓᏗᏍᏗ" (Connolly, P.J, et al, 2005).

ᎤᎶᎩᎸ ᏗᏓᎴᎾᏔᏅ ᏗᎦᏘᏌᏅᎩ

ᎤᎶᎩᎸ ᏗᏓᎴᎾᏔᏅ ᏗᎦᏘᏌᏅᎩ ᎾᎥᎢ ᏂᎦᏛᎢ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ

ᏚᎶᎩᎸ ᎠᎴ uniyatolv ᎾᎾᎯ ᏔᎵ ᏂᎦᎥ ᏚᎾᏓᏟᏌᎲ: layered ᎠᎴ convective. ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎴ ᏓᎪᎥᎩ ᎤᏬᎩᎸ ᎤᎶᎩᎸ(ᎠᎴ ᏫᏚᏳᎪᏛ, ᎯᎠ Latin ᎤᏬᎩᎸ ᎤᏅᏔᏂᏓᏍᏗ ᏫᏚᏳᎪᏛ) ᎠᎴ ᎤᏬᎩᎸ ᎤᎶᎩᎸ(ᎠᎴ cumuliform; ᎤᏬᎩᎸ ᎤᏅᏔᏂᏓᏍᏗ piled ᎦᎸᎳᏗᏢ). ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᏔᎵ ᎤᎶᎩᎸ ᎢᏗᎦᎪᏘ ᎠᎴ uniyatolv ᎾᎾᎯ ᏅᎩ ᎤᏟ ᎢᎦᎢ ᏚᎾᏓᏟᏌᎲ Ꮎ ᎠᎪᏩᏛᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎤᎶᎩᎸ ᎤᏤᎵ ᏂᎦᏛᎢ. ᏚᎶᎩᎸ ᎠᎴ classified ᎾᎥᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎤᎶᎩᎸ alenvdidsv ᏂᎦᏛᎢ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎯᎠ ᎤᎶᎩᎸ ᎦᏚᎢ. ᎪᎯ iyahdvnelidasdi ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎧᏁᎢᏍᏔᏅ ᎾᎥᎢ Luke Howard ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ 1802 ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏓᎾᏓᏁᎲᎢ ᎯᎠ Askesian ᎤᎾᏙᏢᎯ.

ᎦᎸᎳᏗ ᏚᎶᎩᎸ (ᏏᏓᏁᎸᎯ )

ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᏂᎦᎥᏊ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎦᎸᎳᏗᏢ 16,500 ᏧᎾᎳᏏᏕᎾ (5,000 m), ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏴᏢ ᎤᏔᏂᏗ ᎦᏙᎯ ᎯᎠ troposphere. ᏱᏂᎬᏛᎾ, ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎦᏚᎢ ᎤᏔᏂᏗ ᎦᏙᎯ, ᎤᏅᏌ ᎠᎾᏍᎬᏘ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎡᎳᏗ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ 10,000 ft (3,048 m). ᎤᏅᏌ ᎠᎴ denoted ᎾᎥᎢ ᎯᎠ ᏭᎵᏍᎨᏗᏴ cirro- ᎠᎴ ᎤᏬᎩᎸ. ᎾᎾᎢ ᎪᎯ ᏂᎦᏛᎢ, ᎠᎹ ᎾᎥᏂᎨᏍᏗ ᏂᎪᎯᎸᎢ ᎤᏁᏍᏓᎳᏛᎯ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎢᎬᏂᏏᏍᎩ ᏚᎶᎩᎸ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏒᎾᏍᏗᏱ ᎤᏁᏍᏓᎳ ᎤᏓᏅᏖᏗ. ᎯᎠ ᏚᎶᎩᎸ ᏫᏚᏳᎪᏛ ᎾᏍᏋ wispy, ᎠᎴ ᎠᎴ ᎢᏳᏓᎵᎭ ᎤᎸᏑᏘ.

ᏚᎶᎩᎸ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏏᏓᏁᎸᎯ ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏛ:

• ᎤᏬᎩᎸ
• ᎤᏬᎩᎸ uncinus
• ᎤᏬᎩᎸ Kelvin-Helmholtz colombia
• ᎤᏬᎩᎸ
• ᎤᏬᎩᎸ
• Pileus
• Contrail, ᎦᏅᎯᏓ ᏌᎨᎢ ᎤᎶᎩᎸ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎤᏙᎷᏬᏗ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏄᎵᏍᏔᏅ ᎯᎠ ᎦᎶᎯᏍᏗ aircraft ᎾᎾᎢ ᎦᎸᎳᏗ ᏂᎦᏛᎢ.

ᎠᏰᎵ ᏚᎶᎩᎸ (ᏏᏓᏁᎸᎯ B)

Altocumulus ᏧᏓᎴᏅᏓ ᏗᎧᏃᏗ ᎦᎷᎾᏗ

ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏙᎷᏬᏗ ᎠᏰᎵ 6,500 ᎠᎴ 16,500 ᏧᎾᎳᏏᏕᎾ (ᎠᏰᎵ 2,000 ᎠᎴ 5,000 m) ᎠᎴ ᎠᎴ denoted ᎾᎥᎢ ᎯᎠ ᏭᎵᏍᎨᏗᏴ ᏂᏓᏙᎳᎬᎾ-. ᎤᏅᏌ ᎠᎴ ᎪᏢᏅᎯ ᎠᎹ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏛᏍᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎠᎴ ᎢᏳᏓᎵᎭ supercooled.

ᏚᎶᎩᎸ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏏᏓᏁᎸᎯ B ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏛ:

• Altostratus
• Altostratus undulatus
• Altocumulus
• Altocumulus undulatus
• Altocumulus ᏧᏓᎴᏅᏓ ᏗᎧᏃᏗ ᎦᎷᎾᏗ
• Altocumulus castellanus
• Altocumulus lenticularis

ᎡᎳᏗ ᏚᎶᎩᎸ (ᏏᏓᏁᎸᎯ C)

ᎢᎦᏛ ᎡᎳᏗ ᏚᎶᎩᎸ

ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏩᏛᏗ ᎦᎸᎳᏗᏢ 6,500 ᏧᎾᎳᏏᏕᎾ (2,000 m) ᎠᎴ ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏛ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏬᎩᎸ (ᎠᏫᏒᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏍᎪᎸ ᏌᎪᏂᎨ). ᎯᎳᎪ ᎢᏳ ᎤᏬᎩᎸ ᏚᎶᎩᎸ ᏚᏓᏂᏴᏒ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏙᎯ, ᎤᏅᏌ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏯᏅᎲ ᎤᎬᎭᏛ.

ᏚᎶᎩᎸ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏏᏓᏁᎸᎯ C ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏛ:

• ᎤᏬᎩᎸ
• Nimbostratus
• ᎤᏬᎩᎸ humilis
• ᎤᏬᎩᎸ mediocris
• Stratocumulus

ᎠᎷᏚᎧᏘ ᏚᎶᎩᎸ (ᏏᏓᏁᎸᎯ D)

File:Cumulonimbus0713.JPG

Cumulonimbus ᏚᎶᎩᎸ ᎠᎾᏓᏎᎮᎲᎢ ᎤᎳᏂᎩᏓ updrafts

ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᏚᎶᎩᎸ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎤᎭ ᎤᎳᏂᎩᏓ ᎦᎸᎳᏗᏢ-ᎠᎵᏱᎵᏒ ᎧᏃᎮᏗ, ᎤᎵᏌᎳᏙᏗ ᎢᏅ ᎦᎸᎳᏗᏢ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᏗᎳᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎾᎾᎢ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᏂᎦᏛᎢ.

ᏚᎶᎩᎸ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏏᏓᏁᎸᎯ D ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏛ:

• Cumulonimbus (ᎤᎾᎵᎪᏅᎯ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎦᎨᏛ ᏑᎾᎴᎢ ᎠᎴ ᎠᎾᎵᏖᎸᎲᏍᎬ ᎦᏁᏰᎩ)
• Cumulonimbus incus
• Cumulonimbus calvus
• Cumulonimbus ᎬᏙᏗ mammatus
• ᎤᏬᎩᎸ congestus
• Pyrocumulus

ᏐᎢ ᏚᎶᎩᎸ

ᎦᏲᎵ ᏚᎶᎩᎸ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎾᏍᏋ ᎠᏩᏛᏗ ᎦᎸᎳᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ troposphere; ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏛ noctilucent ᎠᎴ ᎦᏚᎢ stratospheric ᏚᎶᎩᎸ (ᎠᎴ ᎤᏂᏥ ᏚᎶᎩᎸ), ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᏄᎵᏍᏔᏅ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ mesosphere ᎠᎴ stratosphere ᎨᏥᎸᏉᏗᏳ.

ᎤᎶᎩᎸ ᏕᎦᎶᎨᏒ

ᎤᎶᎩᎸ ᏠᎨᏏ ᎨᏒᎢ ᏄᏦᏍᏛᎾᏊ ᎤᎾᏓᏟᏌᎲ ᏚᎶᎩᎸ, ᎠᎴ ᏱᏓᏟᎶᏍᏔᏅ ᎤᎶᎩᎸ ᏕᎦᎶᎨᏒ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎠᎩᏍᏗ ᎾᎿ ᎤᏙᎯᏳ ᎦᎶᏄᎮᏛ Ꮎ ᎤᎭ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᎣᏤᎵ ᎨᎦᏓᏅᏖᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏤᎵᏛᎭ classified. ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᏱᏓᏟᎶᏍᏔᏅ, stratocumulus ᏚᎶᎩᎸ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎢᏳᏓᎵᎭ ᎾᏍᏋ ᎠᏩᏛᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏗᏒ ᏚᏙᏢᏒ:

• ᎠᏍᏚᎢᏛ ᎦᏁᎸ, ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎾᎥᏂᎨ ᎡᎵᏍᏗ ᎧᏂᎬᎾᎥ, ᎬᏙᏗ ᏚᎶᎩᎸ yvwatuwidv ᎯᎠ ᎠᏍᏛᎢ ᎠᎴ ᏧᎸᏌᏓ, ᎠᏍᏚᎢᏛ ᎤᏜᏅᏛ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏰᎵ.
• ᎤᏍᏚᏅᎩ ᎦᏁᎸ, ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎤᎶᎩᎵ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎠᎴ ᏧᎸᏌᏓ ᎾᎿ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏍᏛᎢ, ᎤᏠᏱ ᎠᎧᎵᎸᎯ ᎧᏂᎬᎾᎥ.
• Actinoform, ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎾᎥᏂᎨ ᎡᎵᏍᏗ ᎤᎦᎶᎬ ᎠᎴ spoked ᎦᏆᏙᏗ.

ᏧᏓᎴᏅᏓ ᏗᎧᏃᏗ ᏚᎶᎩᎸ

ᏱᏓᏟᎶᏍᏔᏅ ᏧᏓᎴᏅᏓ ᎤᎶᎩᎸ ᏧᏓᎴᏅᏓ ᏗᎧᏃᏗ

Colourful ᎤᎶᎩᎸ ᎪᏪᎳᏅ ᎠᎪᎵᏰᏗ

ᎯᎠ ᏗᎧᏃᏗ ᎤᎶᎩᎸ ᎤᏂᏃᎮᏗ ᎤᏣᏘ ᎬᏩᏚᏫᏛ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎨᏒᎢ ᏓᏰᏏ ᎾᎿ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎤᎶᎩᎸ.

ᏚᎶᎩᎸ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎯᎳᎪ ᎢᏳ ᎠᎹ ᎥᏝ ᎪᎱᏍᏗ ᎤᎵᏌᎳᏙᏗ, ᎤᏁᏌᏴᏟ ᎠᎴ ᎠᎦᏲᎳᏗᏍᏗ atsinuqowisgv ᎯᎠ ᎤᏃᎴ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ micro-ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏛᏍᏗ. ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏛᏍᏗ ᎠᎹ ᎠᎴ ᏗᎦᏃᏢᎩ ᎠᏫᏒᏗ, ᎠᎴ sunlight ᏝᏰᎵ ᎠᏴᏍᏙᏗ ᎢᏅ ᎾᎾᎯ ᎯᎠ ᎤᎶᎩᎸ ᎤᏓᎷᎸ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎨᏒᎢ reflected atsinuqowisgv, ᎠᎾᏓᏁᎲ ᎤᎶᎩᎸ Ꮝ ᎨᎦᏓᏅᏖᏗ ᎤᏁᎬ ᏗᎧᏃᏗ. ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎤᎶᎩᎸ ᎤᏩᎾᏒ ᎤᏛᏒ, ᎯᎠ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏛᏍᏗ ᎠᎾᏍᎬᏘ ᎦᏟᏌᏅ ᎠᏛᎯᏍᏙᏗ ᎡᏆᎯᎨᏍᏙᏗ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏛᏍᏗ, ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎠᎾᏍᎬᏘ ᎤᏅᏌ ᎦᏟᏌᏅ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏛᏍᏗ ᎡᏆ ᏰᎵᏊ ᎤᎶᏒᎩ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎠᎦᏍᎬ. ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎪᎯ ᏧᎵᎬᏩᎳᏅᎯ ᎤᏓᏂᏝᏅ, ᎯᎠ ᎤᏜᏅᏛ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏛᏍᏗ ᏗᏙᎳᎩ ᎡᏆᎯᎨᏍᏙᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎡᏆᎯᎨᏍᏙᏗ, ᎤᏁᎳᎩ ᎡᎵᏒᎢ ᎠᏨᏍᏛ ᎠᏴᏍᏙᏗ ᎤᏣᏘ ᎤᏗᏗᏢ ᎾᎾᎯ ᎯᎠ ᎤᎶᎩᎸ. ᎢᏳᏃ ᎯᎠ ᎤᎶᎩᎸ ᎨᏒᎢ ᏰᎵᏊ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎡᏆ, ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏛᏍᏗ ᎭᏫᏂᏗᏢ ᎠᎴ spaced ᎢᏅ ᏰᎵᏊ ᏧᎦᎴᏅᏓ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᎾᏍᎬᏘ ᎾᏍᏋ Ꮎ ᎤᏙᎯᏳ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎠᏨᏍᏛ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎠᏴᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎤᎶᎩᎸ ᎨᏒᎢ ᏰᎵᏆ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᏗ ᎾᏍᏋ reflected ᎦᏐᎯ atsinuqowisgv ᎤᏓᎷᎸ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎠᎦᏎᏍᏙᏗ (ᎠᏓᏅᏖᏍᎬ ᎯᎳᎪ ᎤᏣᏘ ᎤᏗᏗᏢ ᏌᏊ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎠᎪᏩᏛᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎦᎨᏛ ᎠᎦᏍᎬ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᏚᎦᏘᎸᏒ ᎯᎳᎪ ᎢᏅ ᏌᏊ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎠᎪᏩᏛᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎦᎨᏛ ᎤᎬᎭᏛ). ᎪᎯ ᏧᎵᎬᏩᎳᏅᎯ ᏄᏍᏛ ᏛᏙᏓᎧᏂᏍᎬ/ᎤᎾᏓᏟᏌᏅ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᏫᏚᏳᎪᏛ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏍᏓᏅᏅ ᎤᎶᎩᎸ ᏗᎧᏃᏗ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎤᏁᎬ ᏗᎬᏩᎶᏒ ᎤᏍᎪᎸ ᏌᎪᏂᎨ ᏗᎬᏩᎶᏒ ᎬᎿᎨ. ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏠᏱ ᎠᏓᏅᏖᏗ, ᎯᎠ undersides ᎡᏆ ᏚᎶᎩᎸ ᎠᎴ ᎦᎨᏛ ᎤᏬᎩᎸ ᎦᎾᏄᎪᎢᏍᏗ ᏧᏓᎴᏅᏓ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎢᏗᎦᏘ ᎤᏍᎪᎸ ᏌᎪᏂᎨ; ᎤᏍᏗ ᎠᏨᏍᏛ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎠᎴᏂᏙᎲ reflected ᎠᎴ transmitted ᎦᏐᎯ ᎯᎠ ᎾᎿ.

ᏐᎢ ᏧᏓᎴᏅᏓ ᏗᎧᏃᏗ ᏄᎵᏍᏔᏅ ᎢᎬᏩᏍᏗᎭ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏚᎶᎩᎸ. ᏌᎪᏂᎨ-ᎤᏍᎪᎸ ᏌᎪᏂᎨ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎯᎠ ᏄᎵᏍᏔᏅ ᎠᏨᏍᏛ ᏗᏗᎦᎴᏴ ᎭᏫᏂᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎤᎶᎩᎸ. ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎬᎪᏩᏛᏗ ᏗᎧᏃᏗ, ᏌᎪᏂᎨ ᎠᎴ ᎢᏤ ᎢᏳᏍᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎾᎾᎢ ᎯᎠ ᏍᏆᎳᎢ ᎤᎵᏍᏛ ᎠᏨᏍᏛ ᎤᏤᎵ ᎬᎪᏩᏛᏗ wavelengths, ᎾᎯᏳᎢ ᎩᎦᎨ ᎠᎴ ᏓᎶᏂᎨ ᎠᎴ ᎾᎾᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏅᎯᏓ ᎤᎵᏍᏛ. ᎯᎠ ᏍᏆᎳᎢ ᎠᏨᏍᏛ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏟ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎠᎯᏗᎨᎢ scattered ᎾᎥᎢ ᎠᎹ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏛᏍᏗ, ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏅᎯᏓ ᎠᏨᏍᏛ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏟ ᎢᎦᎢ ᏄᏓᎷᎸᎾ ᎾᏍᏋ ᎠᎦᏎᏍᏙᏗ. ᎯᎠ ᏌᎪᏂᎨ ᏗᎧᏃᏗ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎪᎯᏳᏙ Ꮎ ᏯᏛᎿ ᏗᏗᎦᎴᏴ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎠᎴᏂᏙᎲ ᎠᏛᎯᏍᏔᏅ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎠᎦᏍᎬ-ᎢᎩᏛ ᏂᎬᏁᎸ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏛᏍᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎤᎶᎩᎸ.

ᎤᏟ ᎢᎦᎢ ᏗᎦᏃᏣᎳᏅ ᏗᎧᏃᏗ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎯᎠ ᏌᏊ ᎠᎪᎲᎢ ᎢᏳᏓᎵᎭ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎤᎶᏒᏍᏔᏅᎯ ᏙᏯᏗᎳ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ ᎾᎿ. ᎢᏤ ᎢᏳᏍᏗ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏛᏍᏗ ᎤᎶᎩᎸ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎠᏛᎯᏍᏔᏅ ᎯᎳᎪ ᎢᏳ sunlight ᎨᏒᎢ scattered ᎾᎥᎢ ᎤᏁᏍᏓᎳ. cumulonimbus ᎤᎶᎩᎸ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᏓᎾᏛᏁᎵᏍᎬ ᎢᏤ ᎢᏳᏍᏗ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎤᏬᏚᎯ ᎤᏙᎯᏳᎢ ᎪᏪᎶᏗ ᎤᏚᎳᏗ ᎦᎨᏛ ᎠᎦᏍᎬ, ᎦᏁᏐᏍᎬ, ᎤᎳᏂᎩᏓ ᎦᏃᎸᎥᏍᎬᎠᎴ ᏰᎵᏊ ᎤᏃᎴ.

Yellowish ᏚᎶᎩᎸ ᎠᎴ ᎢᏳᏓᎵᎭ, ᎠᎴ ᎠᎾᏍᎬᏘ ᏄᎵᏍᏔᏅ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎣᏂᏱᏳ ᎠᎹ ᎦᏄᎪᎬ ᏗᎬᏩᎶᏒ ᎢᎬᏱ ᎤᎶᏒᎩ ᎢᏯᏅᏓ ᎾᎯᏳᎨᏒ ᎠᏙᎯ ᎢᎾᎨ ᎠᏥᎸ ᎢᏳ ᎤᏕᏘᏴᏌᏗᏒ. ᎯᎠ ᏓᎶᏂᎨ ᏗᎧᏃᏗ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎤᏍᏆᎸᎲ ᎯᎠ ᎡᏙᎲᎩ ᏧᎦᏒᏍᏗ.

ᎩᎦᎨ, ᎠᏓᎶᏂᎨ ᎠᎴ ᎩᎦᎨ ᎢᏳᏍᏗ ᏚᎶᎩᎸ ᏄᎵᏍᏔᏅ ᎾᎥᏂᎨᏍᏗ ᏰᎵ ᏂᎦᏛ ᎾᎾᎢ ᎧᎸᎬ/ᏭᏕᎵᎬ ᎠᎴ ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᏄᎵᏍᏔᏅ ᎯᎠ ᏗᏗᎦᎴᏴ sunlight ᎾᎥᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏃᎴᏍᎬ ᎤᏩᏌᏊ. ᎯᎠ ᏚᎶᎩᎸ ᎤᏅᏌ ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ Ꮎ ᏗᎧᏃᏗ; ᎤᏅᏌ ᎠᎴ ᏄᏓᎴ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎪᎱᏍᏗ ᎨᏒ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏅᎯᏓ (ᎠᎴ unscattered) ᎠᏨᏍᏛ sunlight ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎾᏓᏛᏂᏌᏁᎲ ᎾᎾᎢ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎢᏧᏟᎶᏛ. ᎯᎠ ᎢᏳᎵᏍᏙᏗ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎤᏣᏘ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏠᏱ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎢᏳᏃ ᏌᏊ ᎨᏒᎩ ᎤᏥᏍᏓᎷᎩᏍᎩ ᎩᎦᎨ spotlight ᎾᎿ ᎤᏁᎬ ᏗᎬᎯᏓ. ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎤᎾᏓᏟᏌᏅ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎡᏆ, ᎤᏩᎾᏒ ᎤᏛᏒ ᎤᏬᎩᎸ, ᎪᎯ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎠᏛᎯᏍᏙᏗ ᎩᎬ-ᎩᎦᎨ ᏚᎶᎩᎸ. ᎯᎠ ᏒᎯᏰᏱ ᎤᏓᎷᎸ ᎯᎠ Edmonton, Alberta ᎤᏃᎴ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ 1987, Edmontonians ᎠᎦᏎᏍᏔᏅ ᏯᏛᎿ ᏚᎶᎩᎸ - ᎠᏍᏛᎩ ᎬᎿᎨ ᎾᎿ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᎤᎳᏏᎩ ᎠᏍᏆᎨᏂ ᎠᎴ ᎤᎶᏒᏍᏗ ᎩᎦᎨ ᎾᎿ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ sunward ᎠᏍᏆᎨᏂ. ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎪᎯ ᎦᎸᏛ ᎧᏁᏌᎢ, ᎯᎠ ᎧᏁᎬᎢ "ᎩᎦᎨ ᎦᎷᎾᏗ ᎾᎾᎢ ᏒᏃᏱ, ᎠᏜ ᎤᏤᎵ ᎧᎵᏬᎯ ᎠᎵᎮᎵᏍᏗ" ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᏰᎵ ᏧᎸᏌᏓ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ.

Global dimming

ᎯᎠ ᏝᏱᎪᎯᎩ ᎤᏬᎳᏨ ᏂᎦᎵᏍᏔᏂᏙᎲ global dimming ᎨᏒᎢ ᏁᎵᏒ ᎾᏍᏋ ᎢᎬᏂᏌᏅᎯ ᎾᎥᎢ ᏗᎦᏁᏟᏴᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ reflectivity ᏚᎶᎩᎸ ᎤᏍᏆᎸᎲ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏁᏉᏨᎯ ᎡᏙᎲᎩ aerosols ᎠᎴ ᏐᎢ particulates ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏃᎴᏍᎬ.

Global ᎠᏨᏍᏛ

ᎢᏤ ᏅᎠᏯᏍᏗ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ Dimming ᎠᏨᏍᏛ: Decadal ᏗᎦᏁᏟᏴᏍᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎡᎶᎯ ᎤᏣᏘᎾ ᎾᎾᎢ ᎡᎶᎯ ᎤᏤᎵ ᎦᏚᎢ ᎾᎥᎢ ᏡᏡ ᎨᏯᏔᎯ ᎠᏃᏪᎵᏍᎬ ᎦᎾᏄᎪᏫᏒ. (agatohvsdi 6 ᎠᎾᏍᎬᏘ 2005; 308: 847-850) ᎠᎾᏓᏎᎮ global ᎠᏨᏍᏛ ᏫᏚᏳᎪᏛ.

ᏚᎶᎩᎸ ᎾᎿ ᏐᎢ ᎤᏚᎳᏗ

ᎭᏫᏂᏗᏢ ᎠᏆᏤᎵ ᎡᎶᎯ iyahdvnelidasdi, ᏂᎦᎵᏍᏗᏍᎬᎫ ᎡᎶᎯ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎦᏃᎴᏍᎬ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏇ ᎤᎭ ᏚᎶᎩᎸ. ᎠᏨᏍᏛ' ᏚᎶᎩᎸ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏒᎾᏍᏗᏱ ᏰᎵ ᏂᎦᏛ sulfuric ᏧᏄᏦᏍᏔ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏛᏍᏗ. ᏓᎾᏩᏄᏁᎯ ᎤᎭ ᎦᎸᎳᏗ, ᏌᎨᎢ ᏚᎶᎩᎸ ᎠᎹ ᎤᏁᏍᏓᎳ. ᎢᏧᎳ ᎤᏁᎳᏅᎯ ᎠᎴ Saturn ᎤᎭ outer ᎤᎶᎩᎸ alenvdidsv ᎠᏒᎾᏍᏗᏱ ᎠᏥᎸ ᎠᏓᏪᎳᎩᏍᎩ ᏚᎶᎩᎸ, ᎤᏁᎫᏥᏛ alenvdidsv ammonium hydrosulfide ᏚᎶᎩᎸ ᎠᎴ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ alenvdidsv ᎠᎹ ᏚᎶᎩᎸ. Uranus ᎠᎴ ᎠᎺᏉᎯ ᎤᎭ ᎦᏃᎴᏍᎬ dominated ᎾᎥᎢ methane ᏚᎶᎩᎸ.

Saturn ᎤᏤᎵ ᏒᏃᏱ ᎡᎯ ᏅᏙ ᎤᏁᎫᏥᏛ ᎤᎭ ᏚᎶᎩᎸ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏬᎯᏳᏅ ᎾᏍᏋ ᎠᏒᎾᏍᏗᏱ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏛᏍᏗ ᎦᎾ methane. ᎯᎠ Cassini-Huygens Saturn ᎨᏥᏅᏏᏓ ᎤᎭ uncovered ᎪᎯᏳᏙ ᎦᎾ ᎠᏓᏠᎯᏍᏗ ᎾᎿ ᎤᏁᎫᏥᏛ, ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏗᏍᎩ ᎤᏪᏴ ᎤᎶᎯᏍᏗ ᎾᎿ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏚᎢ ᎯᎠ ᏒᏃᏱ ᎡᎯ ᏅᏙ.

ᎠᎪᏩᏛᏗ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏇ

ᎦᏂᏰᎩ ᎡᎳᏗ ᏚᎶᎩᎸ

ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ mountaineous ᎡᏍᎦᏂ ᏌᏊ ᎢᏳᏓᎵᎭ ᎠᏩᏛᏓ ᎯᎠ ᏫᎪᏍᏓᏴ ᎦᎸᎳᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᏚᎶᎩᎸ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎠᎭᏂ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎯᎠ Pico Ruivo ᎠᎪᎲᎢ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ Pico ᎿᏛᎦ Areiro.

• ᎤᎶᎩᎸ albedo
• ᎤᎶᎩᎸ feedback
• ᎤᎶᎩᎸ alenvdidsv
• ᎤᎶᎩᎸ forcing
• ᎤᎶᎩᎸ ᎤᎦᏔ
• ᎤᎶᎩᎸ ᎢᏗᎦᎪᏘ
• ᎤᎬᎭᏛ
• Fractus ᎤᎶᎩᎸ
• ᏓᏬᎵ ᎤᎶᎩᎸ
• ᎤᎳᏫᏛᏓ ᎦᎸᎳᏗᏢ ᎧᏅᏑᎸ
• ᏑᎾᎴᎢ
• ᎢᏗᎦᏘᎭ
• ᎤᏃᎴ
• ᎦᏃᎸᎥᏍᎬ
• ᎦᏃᎸᎥᏍᎬ
• Orographic ᎠᏌᎳᏙᏗ
• ᎠᎾᎵᏖᎸᎲᏍᎬ ᎦᏁᏰᎩ
• ᏙᏯᏗᎳ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ ᎥᎦᏔᎲᎢ
• Mammatus
• Extraterrestrial skies

ᏩᏎᎸᎯ

• Hamblyn, Richard ᎯᎠ ᏗᏁᏝᎾ ᏚᎶᎩᎸ - ᎯᎳᎪ ᎠᎴᏂᏍᎩ Meteorologist ᎦᎾᎬᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ Skies London. ᏗᏍᏆᎸᏙᏗ Macmillan. 2001. ISBN 033039194

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