Content deleted Content added
Tangotiger (talk | contribs) No edit summary |
No edit summary Tags: Visual edit Mobile edit Mobile web edit Advanced mobile edit |
||
| (33 intermediate revisions by 17 users not shown) | |||
Line 1:
{{Short description|Baseball statistic}}
{{lowercase}}
In [[baseball]], '''wOBA''' (
== Usage ==
In 2008, [[sabermetrics]] website [[FanGraphs]] began listing the current and historical wOBA for all players in [[Major League Baseball]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fangraphs.com/blogs/index.php/the-joy-of-woba/|title=The Joy of wOBA - FanGraphs Baseball|website=www.fangraphs.com}}</ref> It forms the basis of the offensive component of their [[Wins above replacement]] (WAR) metric. Sites such as [[The Hardball Times]] have studied wOBA and found it to perform comparably to or better than other similar tools (OPS, [[Runs created]], etc.) used in sabermetrics to estimate runs.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fangraphs.com/tht/the-great-run-estimator-shootout-part-1/|title=The great run estimator shootout (part 1) - The Hardball Times|website=www.fangraphs.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fangraphs.com/tht/the-great-run-estimator-shootout-part-2/|title=The great run estimator shootout (part 2) - The Hardball Times|website=www.fangraphs.com}}</ref> ''The Book'' uses wOBA in numerous studies to test the validity of many aspects of baseball conventional wisdom.▼
▲In 2008, [[sabermetrics]] website [[FanGraphs]] began listing the current and historical wOBA for all players in [[Major League Baseball]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fangraphs.com/blogs/index.php/the-joy-of-woba/|title=The Joy of wOBA - FanGraphs Baseball|website=www.fangraphs.com|date=25 November 2008 }}</ref>
The benefit of wOBA compared to other offensive value statistics is that it values {{em|how}} the runner reached base, not just {{em|if}} they reached base.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://m.mlb.com/glossary/advanced-stats/weighted-on-base-average|title=What is a Weighted On-base Average (wOBA)? {{!}} Glossary|website=Major League Baseball|language=en-US|access-date=2018-11-09}}</ref> Events like Home Runs, walks, singles, etc. are given their own weight (or coefficient) within the linear formula. The weighting is based on the increase in expected runs for the event type as compared with an out. The coefficients change each year<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.fangraphs.com/guts.aspx?type=cn|title=Guts! {{!}} FanGraphs Baseball|access-date=2018-11-09}}</ref>, and are based on how often the each event occurs in [[Major League Baseball]] over the course of a season. ▼
▲The benefit of wOBA compared to other offensive value statistics is that it values
Because the coefficients are derived from expected run value, we can use wOBA to estimate a few more things about a player's production and baseball as a whole. When using the formula (shown below), the numerator side on its own will give us a estimate of how many runs a player is worth to his team. Similarly, at team's wOBA is a good estimator of team runs scored and deviations from predicted runs scored indicate a combination of situational hitting and base running.<ref name=":1" /> ▼
▲Because the coefficients are derived from expected run value, we can use wOBA to estimate a few more things about a player's production and baseball as a whole. When using the formula (shown below), the numerator side on its own will give us
Balls hit hard (i.e. with a high [[exit velocity]]) in the [[sweet spot (sports)|sweet spot]] produce higher wOBA.<ref>{{cite news|first=Ben|last=Clemens|title=A Sweet Spot by Any Other Definition|date=February 25, 2020|work=FanGraphs|url=https://blogs.fangraphs.com/a-sweet-spot-by-any-other-definition/|access-date=March 14, 2024}}</ref>
<math>wOBA=\frac{(0.69*NIBB) + (0.72*HBP) + (0.88*\mathit{1}B) + (1.247*\mathit{2}B) + (1.578*\mathit{3}B) + (2.031*HR)}{AB + BB - IBB + SF + HBP}▼
== Historical versions of the formula ==
Coefficients for each tracked outcome vary by year. A historical record of these coefficients can be found at FanGraphs.<ref name=":0" />
Per [[Fangraphs]], the formula for wOBA in the 2023 season was:<ref name=":0" />
▲<math>wOBA=\frac{(0.
</math>
where:
* ''HBP'' = ''[[Hit by pitch]]''▼
* ''1B'' = ''[[Single (baseball)|Single]]''▼
* ''2B'' = ''[[Double (baseball)|Double]]''▼
* ''3B'' = ''[[Triple (baseball)|Triple]]''▼
* ''HR'' = ''[[Home run]]''▼
—————
* ''BB = [[Base on balls]]''▼
* ''
▲* ''BB'' = ''[[Base on balls|Bases on balls]]''
* ''IBB'' = ''[[base on balls#Intentional base on balls|<u>Intentional</u> bases on balls]]''
* ''SF'' = ''[[Sacrifice fly|Sacrifice flies]]''
* ''HBP'' = ''[[Hit by pitch]]''
=== Original formula ===
The formula below appeared in ''The Book.''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tango, Tom M. |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/919473395 |title=The book : playing the percentages in baseball |others=Lichtman, Mitchel G., Dolphin, Andrew E. |date=28 April 2014 |isbn=978-1-4942-6017-0 |location=[Place of publication not identified] |oclc=919473395}}</ref>
<math>wOBA=\frac{(0.72*NIBB) + (0.75*HBP) + (0.90*\mathit{1}B) + (0.92*RBOE) + (1.24*\mathit{2}B) + (1.56*\mathit{3}B) + (1.95*HR)}{PA}</math>▼
where:▼
* ''NIBB'' = Non-intentional [[Base on balls|bases on balls]]
* ''HBP'' = [[Hit by pitch]]
* ''1B'' = [[Single (baseball)|Single]]
* ''RBOE'' = Reached base on [[Error (baseball)|error]]▼
* ''2B'' = [[Double (baseball)|Double]]
* ''3B'' = [[Triple (baseball)|Triple]]
Line 29 ⟶ 53:
* ''PA'' = [[Plate appearance]]
== Ranges for elite, very good, etc. ==
▲== Scale ==
▲There is no widely agreed upon scale for wOBA. This table serves as an aggregate summary of other wOBA scales available online.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.blessyouboys.com/2010/1/19/1258772/saber-101-weighted-on-base-average|title=Saber 101: Weighted On-Base Average (wOBA)|last=Rogers|first=Mike|date=2010-01-19|website=Bless You Boys|access-date=2018-12-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fangraphs.com/library/the-beginners-guide-to-deriving-woba/|title=The Beginner’s Guide To Deriving wOBA {{!}} FanGraphs Sabermetrics Library|access-date=2018-12-07}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|+wOBA Scale
Line 78 ⟶ 80:
|}
==
▲<math>wOBA=\frac{(0.72*NIBB) + (0.75*HBP) + (0.90*\mathit{1}B) + (0.92*RBOE) + (1.24*\mathit{2}B) + (1.56*\mathit{3}B) + (1.95*HR)}{PA}</math>
<!
▲where:
▲*''NIBB'' = Non-intentional [[Base on balls|bases on balls]]
▲*''HBP'' = [[Hit by pitch]]
▲*''1B'' = [[Single (baseball)|Single]]
▲*''RBOE'' = Reached base on [[Error (baseball)|error]]
▲*''2B'' = [[Double (baseball)|Double]]
▲*''3B'' = [[Triple (baseball)|Triple]]
▲*''HR'' = [[Home run]]
▲<!--- See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes on how to create references using tags which will then appear here automatically -->
{{Reflist}}
== References ==
* [[Tom Tango]], Mitchel Lichtman, and Andrew Dolphin. ''The Book: Playing the Percentages in Baseball''. Washington, D.C.: Potomac Books, 2007. {{ISBN|1-59797-129-4}}.
{{Baseball statistics}}
[[Category:Batting statistics]]
| |||