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{{Short description|Albanian clan chieftain (1888–1966)}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Third-party|date=June 2024}}
{{No footnotes|date=June 2024}}
{{Expand Greek|topic=bio|Γκιον Μαρκαγκιόνι|date=June 2023}}
}}
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix = Kapidan
| name = Gjon MarkagjoniMarka Gjoni
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = Gjon Marka Gjoni.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 28 August 1888
| birth_place = [[Orosh]], [[Mirdita]], [[Ottoman Empire]] (present-day [[Albania]])
| death_date = 28{{Death Aprildate and age|1966|04|28|1888|08|28|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Rome]], [[Italy]]
| death_cause =
| resting_place = [[Rome]], [[Italy]]
| resting_place_coordinates =
| monuments =
| residence nationality = Albanian
| nationality other_names = Albanian
| ethnicity education =
| other_namesoccupation = Kapidan of House = Gjomarku
| education years_active = 1925-1966
| organization =
| occupation = Kapidan of the House of Gjomarkaj
| years_activeagent = 1925-1966
| organization known_for =
| agent style =
| known_fortitle = Kapidan of = Mirdita
| styleterm = =
| home_townpredecessor = [[Marka = Gjoni]]
| titlesuccessor = Ndue Gjon Marku = Kapidan of Mirdita(Gjomarkaj)
| term party =
| predecessor opponents = [[Marka Gjoni]]
| successor boards = Ndue Gjon Marku (Gjomarkaj)
| party spouse = Mrika
| opponents partner =
| boards children =
| denominationparents = [[Marka = Gjoni]]
| spouse relatives = Mrika
| partner callsign =
| children awards =
| parents signature = [[Marka Gjoni]]
| relatives signature_alt =
| callsign signature_size =
| awards footnotes =
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| signature_size =
| footnotes =
}}
 
'''Gjon MarkaGjoniMarka Gjoni''' (28 August 1888 &ndash; 28 April 1966) was an [[Catholicism in Albania|Albanian Catholic]] [[clan]] chieftain ({{lang-langx|sq|Kapedan}}).<ref>Biografi: a traveller's tale Lloyd Jones - 1994 -p59 "The Englishman had climbed 2,000 feet above the Fani i vogel River to meet Gjon Marka [[Gjoni]], the hereditary Chieftain of Mirdite and permanent chief of all the Catholic clans in northern Albania. Swire describes a sturdy figure in "a dark red ...</ref>
 
==Biography==
He was born in [[Orosh]], [[Mirdita]], the only son of [[Marka Gjoni (1861-1925)|Kapidan Marka Gjoni]] (1861–1925). His father was the leader or Kapidan of Mirdita who rebelled against the Albanian government ifin favour of an independent Mirdita. In 1921 in an alliance with [[Essad Pasha Toptani|Esadists]], Marka [[Gjoni]] founded the [[Republic of Mirdita]] in northern Albania and served as its president during its short existence. His republic did not receive recognition by its alleged citizens nor from other countries. Marka Gjoni's rebellionpresidency was extinguished by the Albanian government laterthe thatsame year. Marka Gjoni fled to [[Yugoslavia]], but later returned to Albania and remained active in the political life of the highlands.<ref>At Giuseppe Valentini, ''Vepra (publicistikë, studime dhe tekste)'' (Plejad: Tirana, 2005) 742.</ref>
 
Kapidan Gjon married Mrika Pervizi (1883-1969) in 1904, the niece of the [[Bajraktar]] of [[Kurbin]], Gjok Pjeter Pervizi. They had ten children.
 
===Succession as clan leader, 1925===
[[File:Gjon Markagjoni and family (Carleton Coon, 1929).jpg|thumb|KapidanGjon with his mother Dava, wife Mrika, and children c.1929]]
After the death of his father, Kapidan Marka Gjoni in 1925, Kapidan Gjon inherited the responsibility handed down to him as leader of [[Mirdita]].<ref>[http://www.mirdita.net mirdita.net]</ref>{{qn|date=November 2013}} He was often called upon to intervene in [[blood feud|feuds]] raging within other [[Mirdita]] [[Tribes of Albania|tribes]] and to preside over the arguments with fairness and clarity, but most of all to pass on judgments following the guidelines of the [[Kanun (Albania)|Kanun]]. He unified Mirdita bjarak by bjrak by resolving 360 blood feuds in 1926 and an additional 260 in 1928.<ref name="p17">{{citationcite book |last1=Gjomarkaj |first1=Bianca Maria |title=Kulla E Rezistencës Familja Markagjoni – Një Dinasti Shqiptare needed|date=NovemberOctober 20135, 2023 |publisher=SHB “Lumbardhi”-Prizren Shoqata “Trojet e Arbrit” – Pristinё |isbn=978-9951-455-37-4 |location=Kosovo |page=17}}</ref> Because of his leadership skills in mediating reconciliation, he became widely known and many activists and foreign leaders requested to meet him.
 
The gathering on May 29, 1928, at the vice-prefecture of Shpal, Mirdita, to renew the Covenant of the Besa was one of the major events that occurred under the leadership of Kapidan Gjon Marka Gjoni. The commission of the five bajraks of Mirdita was assembled to address the equality of the bajraks and to bind them in accordance with the Kanun. On June 3 of that year, the commission was strengthened with a handshake between the twenty-five flagbearers of Mirdita. As a result of his ability to maintain calm and manage difficulties in Mirdita, the then president of Albania, Ahmet Zog, exempted Mirdita from state taxes.
Although young, at the age of 37 he was already distinguished as a leader of the mission. He was responsible for reconciling 620 blood feuds between 1926-1928, leading Mirdita to become one of the more peaceful regions of the North. Because of his leadership skills in mediating reconciliations his fame became widely known and many activists and foreign leaders requested to meet him. In 1930 Kapidan Gjon went to [[Rome]] where he was received with high honors from the [[Italian Government]] and the [[Pope]].
<ref name=p17/>
 
In a conversation with [[Ahmet Zogu|Zog]], back then president of Albania, Kapidan Gjon presented his economic views on the poor state of Mirdita, getting a promise that the region would be exempt from any state tax. When [[Kingdom of Albania (1928–39)|Ahmet Zogu was proclaimed king]] in 1928, he summoned all the northern mountain chiefs of the mountains, among themincluding Kapidan Gjon, metwho withwas the him,first to whilemeet Gjon waswith the firstking. chiefKapidan toGjon bewas allowedpromoted a meeting withto the Kinghighest beforepossible allrank, theLieutenant restColonel.{{citation<ref needed|datename=November 2013}}p17/>
 
In 1930 Kapidan Gjon went to [[Rome]] where he was received with high honors by the [[Italian Government]] and the [[Pope]].
In 1944, Kapidan Gjon, along with his sons, Mark, Ndue and Lesh, organized an anti-[[Communism in Albania|communists]] resistance. Thus, Kapidan Mark Gjomarkaj, with full support of his father Kapidan Gjon, founded the "[[National Independent Group (Albania)|National Independent Group]]" in [[Shkodra]], which he developed through his own political activity.{{citation needed|date=November 2013}}
 
Upon the arrival of communism in Albania in 1944, Kapidan Gjon collaborated with his two eldest sons, Mark and Ndue, to organize the anti-communist resistance in the north.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gjomarkaj |first1=Bianca Maria |title=Kulla E Rezistencës Familja Markagjoni – Një Dinasti Shqiptare |date=October 5, 2023 |publisher=SHB “Lumbardhi”-Prizren Shoqata “Trojet e Arbrit” – Pristinё |isbn=978-9951-455-37-4 |location=Kosovo |page=39}}</ref>
 
===Exile in Rome===
Overpowered byWith the communistsadvent of communism, he was forced to leave his MirditaAlbania under the escort of his second eldest son Ndue. In [[Kastrat (settlement)|Kastrat]], on November 2726, 1944, he gave farewell to his crew including his sonsson Mark and Llesh who would stay behind and continuelead the fight.resistance, Accompaniedalong bywith his sonbrother NdueLlesh, heboth wasof forcedwhom todied leavein behindcombat; hisMark sonson Mark14 June 1946 and Llesh toon continue9 theAugust fight1947.<ref>{{cite againstbook the|last1=Gjomarkaj partisans.|first1=Bianca TheyMaria both|title=Kulla diedE inRezistencës combat;Familja MarkMarkagjoni on– 14Një JuneDinasti 1946Shqiptare and|date=October Llesh5, on2023 9|publisher=SHB August“Lumbardhi”-Prizren 1947.Shoqata “Trojet e Arbrit” – Pristinё |isbn=978-9951-455-37-4 |location=Kosovo |page=56}}</ref>
 
In Rome, Kapidan Gjon Marka Gjoni, collaborated with the Albanian publicist and writer [[Ernest Koliqi]], forin sketching a political organization in exile. This organization was named "[https://gjonmarkagjoni.com/bloku-kombetar-independent-national-independent-party/ Independent National Bloc]", which was formed on 6 November 1946, in [[Rome]]. Professor Ernest Koliqi, in an article published in ''Shejzat'' on May 6, 1966 would write on behalf of Markagjoni:
 
Kapidan Gjon lived in Rome with his son Ndue, his daughter-in-law Maria Teresa, and three granddaughters: Maria Cristina, Bianca Maria and Alessandra. He became seriously ill in 19601964. HisHe liferecovered continuedand remained in relatively good health until 19641965, when thehis diseaseillness advancedreturned. This illness would keep him hospitalized for twothe years.next Heyear dieduntil his death on April 28, 1966. He was buried in Rome on April 30, 1966 at the Verano cemetery. His funeral was attended by a multitude ofmany dignitaries, scholars, and friends. Telegrams and condolences were sent by [[Leka, Crown Prince of Albania (born 1982)|Leka, Crown Prince of Albania]],and [[Ildebrando Antoniutti|Cardinal Antoniutti]] and [[Francesco Jacomoni]] among others.<ref>{{citationcite book |last1=Gjomarkaj |first1=Bianca Maria |title=Kulla E Rezistencës Familja Markagjoni – Një Dinasti Shqiptare needed|date=NovemberOctober 20135, 2023 |publisher=SHB “Lumbardhi”-Prizren Shoqata “Trojet e Arbrit” – Pristinё |isbn=978-9951-455-37-4 |location=Kosovo |page=24}}</ref>▼
"Those who lived near the Kapidan and were fortunate to meet and serve him, will always remember his generosity and sharpness. He was lovingly surrounded by us and we will always be thankful that he participated in our discussions without ever missing a word. He always offered sincere and wise advice and always managed to mesmerize us with his insight. He was a man who understood everything with a magnificently sharp memory. We will always remember his noble face, full of kindness. We will always remember him as noble and sensitive. Even after years of suffering, his thoughts were always clear and lucid. Everyone around him was always impressed with his stories of the old world and we were all amazed at the clarity of his memory."
 
▲Kapidan Gjon lived in Rome with his son Ndue, his daughter-in-law Maria Teresa and three granddaughters: Maria Cristina, Bianca Maria and Alessandra. He became seriously ill in 1960. His life continued in relatively good health until 1964, when the disease advanced. This would keep him hospitalized for two years. He died on April 28, 1966. He was buried in Rome on April 30, 1966. His funeral was attended by a multitude of dignitaries, scholars and friends. Telegrams and condolences were sent by [[Leka, Crown Prince of Albania (born 1982)|Leka, Crown Prince of Albania]], [[Ildebrando Antoniutti|Cardinal Antoniutti]] and [[Francesco Jacomoni]] among others.{{citation needed|date=November 2013}}
 
==See also==
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== References ==
{{reflist}}
 
 
{{authority control}}
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[[Category:People from Mirditë]]
[[Category:Albanian anti-communists]]
[[Category:19th-century Albanian militarycollaborators with Fascist personnelItaly]]
[[Category:Albanian collaborators with Nazi Germany]]
[[Category:20th-century Albanian military personnel]]
[[Category:AlbaniansAlbanian ofpeople from the Ottoman Empire]]
[[Category:Albanian military personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:Albanian emigrants to Italy]]
[[Category:Members of the Senate of the Kingdom of Italy]]
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