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[[File:Boars's tusk helmet NAMA6568 Athens Greece1.jpg|thumb|[[Mycenaean Greece|Mycenaean Greek]] boar tusk helmet from [[Mycenae]], 14th century BC. On display at the [[National Archaeological Museum, Athens]]]]
[[File:Eberzahnhelm Heraklion.jpg|thumb|Boar tusk helmet, [[Heraklion Archaeological Museum]]]]▼
 
HelmetsThe using'''boar's tusk helmet''' is a type of military headwear composed of [[ivory]] from [[Wild boar|boars']] [[tusk]]s were known in the [[Mycenaean Greece|Mycenaean]] world from the 17th century BC ([[Shaft Graves]], [[Mycenae]]<ref>[http://projectsx.dartmouth.edu/history/bronze_age/lessons/les/16.html The Shaft Graves] {{webarchiveharvnb|url=Rutter|1996}}, [https://web.archive.org/web/2010070301291920081208000641/http://projectsx.dartmouth.edu/classics/history/bronze_age/lessons/les/16.html |date=2010-07-03Lesson }},16: DartmouthThe CollegeShaft Graves]</ref><ref>Nobuo {{harvnb|Komita 1983, "The Grave Circles at Mycenae and the Early Indo-Europeans", ''Research reports of Ikutoku Technical University|1982|pp=59–70}}. Part A, Humanities and social science''</ref>) to the 10th century BC ([[Elateia]], [[Central Greece]]). The helmet was made through the use of slivers of boar tusks which were attached to a leather base, padded with felt, in rows. A description of a boar's tusk helmet appears in book ten of [[Homer]]'s ''[[Iliad]]'', as [[Odysseus]] is armed for a night raid to be conducted against the [[Troy|Trojans]].
 
==Homeric literature==
A description of a boar's tusk helmet appears in book ten of [[Homer]]'s ''[[Iliad]]'', as [[Odysseus]] is armed for a night raid to be conducted against the [[Troy|Trojans]].
 
{{quote|[[Meriones (mythology)|Meriones]] gave Odysseus a bow, a quiver and a sword, and put a cleverly made leather helmet on his head. On the inside there was a strong lining on interwoven straps, onto which a felt cap had been sewn in. The outside was cleverly adorned all around with rows of white tusks from a shiny-toothed boar, the tusks running in alternate directions in each row.
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Fragments of ivory which might have come from helmets of this kind have been discovered on Mycenaean sites (at [[Dendra]], for instance, fragments were found alongside the [[Dendra panoply|bronze panoply excavated in 1960]]) and an ivory plaque, also from a Mycenaean site, represents a helmet of this kind. Although they would not provide protection as good as that of a metal helmet, they may have been worn by some leaders as a status symbol, or a means of identification.
 
Homer specifies that the helmet given by [[Meriones (mythology)|Meriones]] to Odysseus was an [[heirloom]], passed down through the generations, a detail which perhaps suggests its value. Although the number of plates required to make an entire helmet varies – (anything from 40 to 140 can be required<ref>{{cite bookharvnb|last1=Kilian-Dirlmeier|first1=I|title=Das mittelbronzezeitliche Schachtgrab von Αegina|date=1997|location=Mainz|pagep=46}}.</ref> –), it has been estimated that forty to fifty boars would have to be killed to make just one helmet.<ref>{{cite bookharvnb|last1=Everson|first1=Tim|title=Warfare in Ancient Greece: Arms and Armour from the Heroes of Homer to Alexander the Great|date=2004|publisher=The History Press|pagespp=9–10}}.</ref>
 
==Gallery==
<gallery class="center">
▲[[File:Eberzahnhelm Heraklion.jpg|thumb|Boar tusk helmet, displayed in the [[Heraklion Archaeological Museum]]]].
</gallery>
 
==See also==
{{Commons category|Boar tusk helmets}}▼
*[[Military of Mycenaean Greece]]
 
==References==
===Citations===
{{Reflist}}
{{reflist|2}}
 
===Sources===
{{Helmets}}
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite book|last=Everson|first=Tim|title=Warfare in Ancient Greece: Arms and Armour from the Heroes of Homer to Alexander the Great|year=2004|location=Brimscombe Port|publisher=The History Press|isbn=9780752495064}}
*{{cite book|editor-last1=Kilian-Dirlmeier|editor-first1=Imma|title=Das mittelbronzezeitliche Schachtgrab von Αegina|year=1997|location=Mainz|publisher=Philipp von Zabern|isbn=9783805319928}}
*{{cite journal|last=Komita|first=Nobuo|url=http://www.kait-r.com:8080/dspace/bitstream/10368/103/1/kka-007-006.pdf|title=The Grave Circles at Mycenae and the Early Indo-Europeans|journal=Research Reports of Ikutoku Technical University|year=1982|issue=A-7|pages=59–70}}{{dead link|date=May 2018|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}
*{{cite web|last=Rutter|first=Jeremy B.|year=1996|title=Prehistoric Archaeology of the Aegean|publisher=Trustees of Dartmouth College and the Foundation of the Hellenic World|url-status=dead|url=http://projectsx.dartmouth.edu/classics/history/bronze_age/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090101104332/http://projectsx.dartmouth.edu/classics/history/bronze_age/index.html |archive-date=1 January 2009|access-date=7 May 2021}}
{{refend}}
 
▲{{Commons category|Boar tusk helmets}}
{{helmets}}
 
[[Category:Iliad]]
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