View source for -stan

{{Short description|Persian-language suffix used for place names}}
{{Other uses|Stan (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}
[[File:Stansuffixmap.png|thumb|229x229px|{{leftlegend|#363|Countries whose name in English has the suffix ''-stan''}}{{leftlegend|#5C4|Other countries that have first-level divisions whose names in English have the suffix ''-stan''.}}{{Leftlegend|#0048BA|Countries whose name in their native language has the suffix ''-stan''.}}]]

'''stan''' ([[Persian language|Persian]]: ستان {{Transliteration|fa|stân{{noitalics|,}}<ref group=n>Applies after a [[Persian phonology|vowel]].</ref>}} {{Transliteration|fa|estân {{noitalics|or}} istân<ref group=n>Applies after a [[Persian phonology|consonant]].</ref>}}) has the meaning of "a place abounding in"<ref name="hayyim-dictionary" /> or "a place where anything abounds" as a [[suffix]].<ref name="steingass-dictionary" /> It is widely used by [[Iranian languages]] as well as the [[Common Turkic languages|common Turkish languages]] (excluding [[Siberian Turkic languages|Siberian Turkic]]) and other languages. The suffix appears in the names of many regions throughout [[West Asia|West]], [[Central Asia|Central]] and [[South Asia]], and parts of the [[Caucasus]] and [[Russia]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ford|first1=Matt|title=Kazakhstan's President Is Tired of His Country's Name Ending in 'Stan'|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2014/02/kazakhstans-president-is-tired-of-his-countrys-name-ending-in-stan/283676/|access-date=28 October 2022|work=[[The Atlantic]]|date=7 February 2014|language=en|archive-date=25 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221025082333/https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2014/02/kazakhstans-president-is-tired-of-his-countrys-name-ending-in-stan/283676/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Etymology and cognates==
{{See also|Oikonyms in Western and South Asia}}
{{grammar|date=May 2024}}

The suffix ''-stan'' is analogous to the suffix ''[[-land]]'', present in many country and location names. The suffix is also used more generally, as in Persian {{transliteration|fa|rigestân}} ({{lang|fa|ریگستان}}), "place of sand, desert"; {{transliteration|fa|golestân}} ({{lang|fa|گلستان}}), "place of flowers, garden"; {{transliteration|ga|gurestân}} ({{lang|fa|گورستان}}), "graveyard, cemetery";<ref>{{cite book|first=Leila|last=Moshiri|chapter=English-Persian Glossary|title=Colloquial Persian|year=1988|publisher=[[Routledge]]|page=150|isbn=0-415-00886-7}}</ref> and ''[[Hindustan|Hendostân]]'' ({{lang|fa|هندوستان}}), "Land of the [[Indus River|Indus]] ([[India]])".<ref name="Kapur2019">{{cite book|last1=Kapur|first1=Anu|title=Mapping Place Names of India|date=2019|publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]]|isbn=978-0-429-61421-7|language=en}}</ref>

Originally an independent noun, this morpheme evolved into a suffix by virtue of appearing frequently as the last part in [[Compound (linguistics)|nominal compounds]]. It is of [[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian]] and ultimately [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] origin. It is [[cognate]] with the English word ''[[state (disambiguation)|state]]'', Polish [[wikt:stan#Polish|''stan'']] (estate, or [[New World]] first-level subdivisions), and with [[Sanskrit]] {{transliteration|sa|sthā́na}} ([[Devanagari]]: {{langx|sa|स्थान}} {{IPA|sa|stʰaːnɐ|}}), meaning "the act of standing", from which many further meanings derive, including "place, location; abode, dwelling". This meaning ultimately descends from [[Proto-Indo-Iranian language|Proto-Indo-Iranian]] {{PIE|*''sthāna-''}},<ref name="Oxford">{{cite book|last=Macdonell|first=A. A.|url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/macdonell_query.py?|title=A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout|date=1929|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|location=London|page=365|author-link=Arthur Anthony Macdonell|access-date=1 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221016144545/https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/macdonell_query.py?page=365|archive-date=16 October 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> partly loaned into [[Ancient Greek]] as {{langx|grc|-στήνη}} ({{transliteration|grc|-stēnē}}).

== Countries ==
{{cleanup lang|date=January 2024}}
Countries adopting the -stan suffix in both English and these countries' national languages include:
* {{Flag|Afghanistan}} - افغانستان (Afghānistān)
* {{Flag|Kazakhstan}} - Қазақстан (Qazaqstan)
* {{Flag|Kyrgyzstan}} - Кыргызстан (Kyrgyzstan)
* {{Flag|Pakistan}} - پاکستان (Pākistān)
* {{Flag|Tajikistan}} - Тоҷикистон (Tojikiston)
* {{Flag|Turkmenistan}} - Türkmenistan
* {{Flag|Uzbekistan}} - Ўзбекистон (Oʻzbekiston)

Some of these nations were also known with the Latinate suffix ''{{linktext|-ia|lang=en}}'' during their time as [[Republics of the Soviet Union|Soviet republics]]: ''Turkmenistan'' was frequently ''Turkmenia'', ''Kyrgyzstan'' often ''Kirghizia'', and even ''Uzbekistan'' and ''Tajikistan'' were very occasionally ''Uzbekia'' and ''Tajikia''.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Google Ngram]]|url=https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=Uzbekia,%20Kirgizia,%20Turkmenia,%20Tajikia&year_start=1900&year_end=2100&corpus=0&smoothing=2&case_insensitive=on&direct_url=t1%3B%2CUzbekia%3B%2Cc0%3B.t4%3B%2CKirgizia%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3BKirgizia%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BKIRGIZIA%3B%2Cc0%3B.t4%3B%2CTurkmenia%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3BTurkmenia%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BTURKMENIA%3B%2Cc0#t1%3B%2CUzbekia%3B%2Cc0%3B.t4%3B%2CKirgizia%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3BKirgizia%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BKIRGIZIA%3B%2Cc0%3B.t4%3B%2CTurkmenia%3B%2Cc1%3B%2Cs0%3B%3BTurkmenia%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BTURKMENIA%3B%2Cc0 |title=Uzbekia, Kirgizia, Turkmenia, Tajikia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410094017/https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=Uzbekia,%20Kirgizia,%20Turkmenia,%20Tajikia&year_start=1900&year_end=2100&corpus=0&smoothing=2&case_insensitive=on&direct_url=t1%3B%2CUzbekia%3B%2Cc0%3B.t4%3B%2CKirgizia%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3BKirgizia%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BKIRGIZIA%3B%2Cc0%3B.t4%3B%2CTurkmenia%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3BTurkmenia%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BTURKMENIA%3B%2Cc0#t1%3B%2CUzbekia%3B%2Cc0%3B.t4%3B%2CKirgizia%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3BKirgizia%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BKIRGIZIA%3B%2Cc0%3B.t4%3B%2CTurkmenia%3B%2Cc1%3B%2Cs0%3B%3BTurkmenia%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BTURKMENIA%3B%2Cc0 |archive-date=10 April 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Becker|first=Seymour|title=Russia's Protectorates in Central Asia: Bukhara and Khiva, 1865–1924|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Rn9_AgAAQBAJ&pg=PT553|year=2004|publisher=Routledge|isbn=1-134-33582-2|page=553|quote=As early as June 1920, Lenin had toyed with the idea of dividing Russian Turkestan into three national regions: Uzbekia, Kirgizia and Turkmenia.}}</ref> In addition, the native name of [[Armenia]] is ''Hayastan'', hay being the [[endonym]] of Armenians. The largest ''-stan'' country by area is [[Kazakhstan]].

=== Country names in various languages ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! English Name !! Persian name !! Turkish name !! Armenian name !! Azerbaijani name !! Kazakh name !! Turkmen name !!Tatar name !! Uyghur name !! Bashkir name !! Hindi–Urdu name
!Uzbek name
|-
| {{Flag|Armenia}}|| {{transliteration|fa|Armanestân}} – {{lang|fa|ارمنستان}} || {{lang|tr|Ermenistan}} || {{transliteration|hy|Hayastan}} – {{lang|hy|Հայաստան}} (native term: {{transliteration|hy|Hayk'}} – {{lang|hy|Հայք}})

|| {{lang|az|Ermənistan}} || {{N/A}} || {{lang|tk|Ermenistan}} || {{transliteration|tt|Ärmänstan}} – {{lang|tt|Әрмәнстан}} || {{n/a}} || {{transliteration|tt|Ärmänstan}} – {{lang|ba|Әрмәнстан}} || {{transliteration|hi|Armanistān}} – {{lang|hi|अर्मनिस्तान}} – {{lang|ur|ارمنستان}} || {{transliteration|uz|Armaniston}} - {{lang|uz|Арманистон}}
|-
| {{Flag|Bulgaria}}|| {{transliteration|fa|Bulgharestân}} – {{lang|fa|بلغارستان}} || {{lang|tr|Bulgaristan}} || {{N/A}} || {{lang|az|Bolqarıstan}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{transliteration|tt|Bolğarstan}} – {{lang|tt|Болгарстан}} || {{n/a}} || {{transliteration|ba|Bolğarstan}} – {{lang|ba|Болғарстан}} || {{transliteration|hi|Bulġaristān}} – {{lang|hi|बुल्ग़रिस्तान}} – {{lang|ur|بلغارستان}}
|{{n/a}}
|-
| {{Flag|China}}|| {{n/a}} || {{n/a}} || {{transliteration|hy|Čʿinastan}} – {{lang|hy|Չինաստան}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{n/a}} || {{n/a}} || {{n/a}} || {{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|-
| {{Flag|Croatia}}|| {{n/a}}  || {{lang|tr|Hırvatistan}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}}|| -<br />(alternative {{transliteration|tt|Xırwatstan}} – {{lang|tt|Хырватстан}}) || {{N/A}} || {{transliteration|ba|Xırwatstan}} – {{lang|ba|Хыруатстан}} || {{transliteration|hi|K͟Hirvatistān}} – {{lang|hi|ख़िरवतिस्तान}} – {{lang|ur|خروتستان}}
|{{n/a}}
|-
| {{Flag|England}}|| {{transliteration|hy|Engelestân}} – {{lang|fa|انگلستان}}
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
| {{transliteration|hi|Iṅglistān}} – {{lang|hi|इङ्ग्लिस्तान}} - {{lang|ur|ان٘گلستان}}
| {{n/a}}
|-
|{{Flag|Ethiopian Empire}}
({{Flag|Ethiopia}} and {{Flag|Eritrea}})
|{{N/A}}
| -<br />(formerly {{lang|tr|Habeşistan}})
| -<br />(formerly {{transliteration|hy|Habešstan}} – {{lang|hy|Հաբեշստան}})
| -<br />(formerly {{lang|az|Həbəşistan}})
| {{N/A}}
| {{N/A}}
| -<br />(formerly {{transliteration|tt|Xäbäşstan}} – {{lang|tt|Хәбәшстан}})
| -<br />(formerly {{transliteration|ug|Hebeshistan}} – {{lang|ug|ھەبەشىستان}})
| -<br />(formerly {{transliteration|ba|Xäbäşstan}} – {{lang|ba|Хәбәшстан}})
| {{transliteration|hi|Habśistān}} – {{lang|hi|हब्शिस्तान}} – {{lang|ur|حبشستان}}
| -<br />(formerly {{transliteration|uz|Habashiston}} - {{lang|uz|Ҳабашистон}})
|-
| {{Flag|Georgia}}|| {{transliteration|fa|Gorjestân}} – {{lang|fa|گرجستان}} || {{lang|tr|Gürcistan}} || {{transliteration|hy|Vrastan}} – {{lang|hy|Վրաստան}} (native term: {{transliteration|hy|Virk'}} – {{lang|hy|Վիրք}}) || {{lang|az|Gürcüstan}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{transliteration|tt|Görcistan}} – {{lang|tt|Гөрҗистан}} || {{N/A}} || {{transliteration|ba|Görjöstan}} – {{lang|ba|Гөржөстан}} || {{transliteration|hi|Gurjistān}} – {{lang|hi|गुर्जिस्तान}} – {{lang|ur|گرجستان}} || {{transliteration|uz|Gurjiston}} - {{lang|uz|Гуржистон}}
|-
| {{Flag|Greece}}|| {{n/a}} || {{lang|tr|Yunânıstan}} || {{transliteration|hy|Hunastan}} – {{lang|hy|Հունաստան}} || {{lang|az|Yunânıstan}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{transliteration|tt|Yunanstan}} – {{lang|tt|Юнанстан}} || {{N/A}} || {{transliteration|ba|Yunanstan}} – {{lang|ba|Юнанстан}} || {{N/A}}
| {{transliteration|uz|Yunoniston}} - {{lang|uz|Юнонистон}}
|-
| {{Flag|Hungary}}|| {{transliteration|fa|Majârestân}} – {{lang|fa|مجارستان}} || {{lang|tr|Macârıstan}}|| {{N/A}} || {{lang|az|Macârıstan}} || {{transliteration|kk|Majarstan}} – {{lang|kk|Мажарстан}} || {{lang|tk|Majarystan}} || {{transliteration|tt|Macarstan}} – {{lang|tt|Маҗарстан}} || {{N/A}} || {{transliteration|ba|Мажарстан}} – {{lang|ba|Мажарстан}} || {{transliteration|hi|Majāristān}} – {{lang|hi|मजारिस्तान}} – {{lang|ur|مجارستان}} || {{transliteration|uz|Mojariston}} - {{lang|uz|Можаристон}}
|-
| {{Flag|India}}|| {{transliteration|fa|Hendostân}} – {{lang|fa|هندوستان}} || {{lang|tr|Hindistan}} || {{transliteration|hy|Hndkastan}} – {{lang|hy|Հնդկաստան}} || {{lang|az|Hindistan}} || {{transliteration|kk|Ündıstan}} – {{lang|kk|Үндістан}} || {{lang|tk|Hindistan}} || {{transliteration|tt|Hindstan}} – {{lang|tt|Һиндстан}} || {{transliteration|ug|Hindustan}} – {{lang|ug|ھىندىستان}} || {{transliteration|ba|Hindostan}} – {{lang|ba|Һиндостан}} || {{transliteration|hi|[[Hindustan|Hindustān]]}} – {{lang|hi|हिन्दुस्तान}} – {{lang|ur|ہِنْدُوْسْتان}} || {{transliteration|uz|Hindiston}} - {{lang|uz|Ҳиндистон}}
|-
| {{Flag|Mongolia}}|| {{transliteration|fa|Mogholestân}} – {{lang|fa|مغولستان}} || {{lang|tr|Moğolistan}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || || {{N/A}} || {{transliteration|ba|Mağulstan}} – {{lang|ba|Мағулстан}} || {{transliteration|hi|Maṅgōlistān}} – {{lang|hi|मङ्गोलिस्तान}} – {{lang|ur|من٘گولستان}} || {{transliteration|uz|Moʻgʻuliston}} - {{lang|uz|Мўғулистон}}
|-
| {{Flag|Poland}}|| {{transliteration|fa|Lahestân}} – {{lang|fa|لهستان}} || -<br />(formerly {{lang|tr|Lehistan}}) || {{transliteration|hy|Lehastan}} – {{lang|hy|Լեհաստան}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{transliteration|tt|Läxstan}} – {{lang|tt|Ләхстан}} || {{transliteration|ug|Lehistan}} – {{lang|ug|لەھىستان}} || {{transliteration|ba|Lähstan}} – {{lang|ba|Ләhстан}} || {{transliteration|hi|Lahistān}} – {{lang|hi|लहिस्तान}} – {{lang|ur|لہستان}}
|{{n/a}}
|-
| {{Flag|Russia}}|| {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{transliteration|hy|Ṙusastan}} – {{lang|hy|Ռուսաստան}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} 
|{{n/a}}
|-
| {{Flag|Saudi Arabia}}|| {{transliteration|fa|'Arabestân-e Sa'udi}} – {{lang|fa|عربستان سعودی}} || {{lang|tr|Suudi Arabistan}} || {{N/A}} || {{lang|az|Səudiyyə Ərəbistanı}} || {{N/A}} || {{lang|tk|Saud Arabystany}} ||  {{transliteration|tt|Sögüd Gäräbstanı}} – {{lang|tt|Согуд Гарәбстаны}} || {{transliteration|ug|Se'udi Erebistan}} – {{lang|ug|سەئۇدى ئەرەبىستان}} || {{transliteration|tt|Säğüd Ğäräbstanï}} – {{lang|ba|Сәғүд Ғәрәбстаны}} || {{N/A}} || {{transliteration|uz|Saudiya Arabistoni}} - {{lang|uz|Саудия Арабистони}}
|-
| {{Flag|Serbia}} || {{transliteration|fa|Serbestân}} – {{lang|fa|صربستان}} || {{lang|tr|Sırbistan}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || -<br />(alternative {{transliteration|tt|Sırbstan}} – {{lang|tt|Сырбстан}}) || {{N/A}} || {{transliteration|ba|Sırbstan}} – {{lang|ba|Сырбстан}} || {{transliteration|hi|Sarbistān}} – {{lang|hi|सर्बिस्तान}} – {{lang|ur|صربستان}}
|{{n/a}}
|}

== Administrative divisions ==

The following table lists the [[subnational entities]] of different countries that end with ''-stan''.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Country & [[:Category:First-level administrative divisions by country|first level of division]] !! Country subdivision name
|-
| [[Provinces of Afghanistan]] || [[Nuristan Province|Nuristan]]
|-
| [[Districts of Azerbaijan]] || [[Gobustan District|Gobustan]]
|-
| [[States of India]] || [[Rajasthan]]<ref group=n>The suffix ''-sthan'' is through [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indic]], not [[Iranian languages|Iranic]].</ref>
|-
| [[Provinces of Iran]] || [[Golestan Province|Golestan]], [[Khuzestan Province|Khuzestan]], [[Kurdistan Province|Kurdistan]], [[Lorestan Province|Lorestan]], [[Sistan and Baluchestan Province|Sistan, Baluchestan]]
|-
| [[Regions of Kazakhstan]] || [[Turkistan Region|Turkistan]]
|-
| [[Provinces of Pakistan]] || [[Balochistan Province|Balochistan]], [[Gilgit-Baltistan]]
|-
| [[Republics of Russia]] || [[Bashkortostan]], [[Dagestan]], [[Tatarstan]]
|-
| [[Regions of Uzbekistan]] || [[Karakalpakstan]]
|}

== Administrative subdivisions ==

The following list shows some examples of some [[:Category:Second-level administrative divisions by country|second-level]], [[:Category:Third-level administrative divisions by country|third-level]], and [[:Category:Fourth-level administrative divisions by country|fourth-level]] subdivisions inside different countries that have their names ending in a ''-stan''-like suffix.

=== In Afghanistan ===
{{columns-list|colwidth=20em|
* [[Arghistan District|Arghistan]]
* [[Ajristan District|Ajristan]]
* [[Gulistan District|Gulistan]]
* [[Kohistan (disambiguation)#In Afghanistan|Kohistan]]{{efn|name=var}}
* [[Malistan District|Malistan]]
* [[Raghistan District|Raghistan]]
* [[Shahristan District|Shahristan]]
}}

{{notelist|||refs=
{{efn|name=var|Various places share this name.}}
}}

=== In Armenia ===
{{columns-list|colwidth=20em|
* [[Burastan]]
* [[Dzorastan]]
* [[Mrgastan]]
* [[Aygestan]]
}}

=== In India ===
{{columns-list|colwidth=20em|
* [[Rajasthan]]
* [[Paithan|Pratisthan]]
}}

=== In Iran ===
{{columns-list|colwidth=20em|
* [[Ardestan]]
* [[Bajestan]]
* [[Chamestan]]
* [[Dashtestan County|Dashtestan]]
* [[Golestan (disambiguation)]]/Gulistan{{efn|name=var_Iran}}
* [[Jovestan]]
* [[Khalajestan District|Khalajestan]]
* [[Larestan County|Larestan]]
* [[Lorestan Province|Lorestan]]
* [[Mehrestan County|Mehrestan]]
* [[Parchestan (disambiguation)|Parchestan]]{{efn|name=var_Iran}}
* [[Sarvestan]]
* [[Shahrestan, Qazvin|Shahrestan]]{{efn|name=Shah}}
* [[Takestan]]
* [[Tangestan County|Tangestan]]
* [[Kurdistan (province)|Kurdistan Province]]
* [[Sistan and Baluchestan]]
* [[Khuzestan]]
}}

{{notelist|||refs=
{{efn|name=var_Iran|Various places share this name.}}
{{efn|name=Shah|In the [[Persian language]], ''Shahrestan'' is also a [[common noun]] that means "county". It is in the names of the {{nobr|[[counties of Iran]]}}.}}

}}
[[Dehestan (administrative division)|Dehestan]] is the name of an administrative division in Iran.

=== In Pakistan ===
{{columns-list|colwidth=20em|
* [[Balochistan]]
* [[Gilgit Baltistan]]
* [[Kohistan District, Pakistan|Kohistan]]
* [[North Waziristan]]
* [[South Waziristan]]
* [[Saraikistan]]
}}

=== In Tajikistan ===
{{columns-list|colwidth=20em|
* [[Buston, Sughd|Buston]]
* [[Kuhistoni Mastchoh District|Kuhistoni Mastchoh]]
* [[Shahriston]]
* [[Guliston, Sughd|Guliston]]
}}

=== In other countries ===
{{columns-list|colwidth=20em|
* Azerbaijan: [[Gobustan (town)]] (capital of [[Gobustan District]])
* Bangladesh: [[Gulistan, Dhaka|Gulistan]]
* Kazakhstan: [[Turkistan (city)]] (capital of [[Turkistan Region]])
* Russia: [[Bashkortostan]], [[Dagestan]], [[Tatarstan]]
* Turkey: [[Elbistan]]
* Uzbekistan: [[Gulistan District, Uzbekistan|Gulistan]]
}}

== Regions ==
* [[Arabistan (disambiguation)|Arabistan]] – the name of the [[Arabian Peninsula]] and other meanings
* [[Arbayistan]] – a late-antiquity Sasanian [[satrap]]
* [[Asal Hindustan]] – a name for the [[Kingdom of Nepal]]
* [[Asoristan]] – the province of [[Babylonia]] under the Sassanid Empire
* [[Azadistan]] – a short-lived state in the Iranian province of [[Azerbaijan (Iran)|Azarbaijan]] under [[Mohammad Khiabani]]
* [[Bashkortostan]] – administrative division of [[Russia]] in eastern [[Europe]]
* [[Bashkurdistan]] – national-territorial autonomy, during the [[Russian Civil War]]
* [[Balawaristan]] – a revived historical name of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan
* [[Balochistan]]/Baluchistan – a region in [[Iran]], [[Afghanistan]], and [[Pakistan]]
* [[Baltistan]] – a northern region in [[Pakistan]]
* [[Bantustan]] – an [[Apartheid]]-era South African and South West African black 'homeland' (the term coined by analogy)
* [[Cholistan Desert]] – a desert region in [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]], Pakistan
* [[Dardistan]] – a region in northern [[Pakistan]] of [[Dardic languages|Dardu]] speakers
* [[Dihistan]] – a Sassanian province
* [[East Pakistan]] – the historic name for pre-independence [[Bangladesh]]
* [[East Turkestan]] or Uyghuristan – a region dominated by [[Uyghurs]], located in northwest China
* [[Gharchistan]] – a medieval region in Afghanistan
*
* [[Hindustan]] - Persian [[Names for India|name for India]], broadly the [[Indian subcontinent]].
* [[Indostan]] – archaic usage in European languages for [[Hindustan]].
* [[Iraqi Kurdistan]] – Kurdish-populated part of northern Iraq
* [[Kadagistan]] – Kadagistan was the name of an eastern Sasanian province in the region of Tokharistan (in what is now north-eastern Afghanistan).
* [[Kafiristan]] (land of the infidels) – historic region in Afghanistan until 1896, now known as Nuristan. A similarly named region exists in north Pakistan.
* [[Kohistan (disambiguation)|Kohistan]] – several regions of this name exist
* [[Kurdistan]] – [[Kurds|Kurdish]] region. See also [[Iranian Kurdistan]], [[Iraqi Kurdistan]], [[Syrian Kurdistan]], and [[Turkish Kurdistan]].
* [[Lezgistan]] – ethnolinguistic region in southern Dagestan and northern Azerbaijan
* [[North Waziristan]] – northern part of [[Waziristan]] region in [[Pakistan]]
* [[Pashtunistan]] – the area of [[Afghanistan]] and [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|North-Western Pakistan]] historically inhabited by the [[Pashtuns|Pashtun]] tribes
* [[Quhistan]] – a region of medieval [[Iran|Persia]], essentially the southern part of [[Greater Khorasan]]
* [[Registan]] – historic site in [[Samarkand]], meaning "place of sand"
* [[Russian Turkestan]] – Turkestan in the [[Russian Empire]], later [[Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic|Turkestan Autonomous SSR]]
* [[Sistan|Sakastan]] or Sistan – a historical and geographical region in present-day eastern Iran (Sistan and Baluchestan Province) and southern Afghanistan
* [[Saraikistan]] – a region in the south-western part of Punjab, Pakistan, with a majority of Saraiki speakers
* [[South Waziristan]] – southern part of [[Waziristan]] region in [[Pakistan]]
* [[Talysh-Mughan Autonomous Republic|Talyshstan]] – ethnolinguistic region in the SE [[Caucasus]] and NW [[Iran]]
* [[Tatarstan]] – administrative division of [[Russia]] in eastern [[Europe]]
* [[Bactria#Tokharistan|Tokharistan]], Tocharistan or Tukharistan, also known as [[Balkh]] or Bactria – the ancient name of a [[historical region]] in Central Asia, located between the range of the [[Hindu Kush]] and the [[Amu Darya]] (Oxus)
* [[Turan (Sasanian province)|Turgistan]] or Turestan – a Sasanian province
* [[Turkestan]] or Turkistan – ethnolinguistic region of Turkic peoples and languages, encompassing Central Asia, northwest China, parts of the Caucasus, and Asia Minor
* Uyghurstan, China, same as [[East Turkestan]]
* [[Waziristan]] – a region of northwest [[Pakistan]]

== Historical regions ==
* [[Frangistan]] – a historical term used (by Muslims and Persians in particular) to refer to Western or Christian Europe.
* [[Funj|Funjistan]] (Funj) - a historical empire ubicated in modern-day Sudan
* [[Kabulistan]] – a historical name of the territory centered around present-day [[Kabul Province]] of Afghanistan.
* [[Lazistan]] – a historical and cultural region of the Caucasus and Anatolia, traditionally inhabited by the [[Laz people]].
* [[Moghulistan]] (Mughalistan) – a historical area in Central Asia that included parts of modern-day Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and [[Xinjiang]]
* [[Tabaristan]] – a historical mountainous region located on the Caspian coast of [[Northern Iran]].
* [[Zabulistan]] – a historical region roughly corresponding to today's [[Zabul Province]] in southern Afghanistan.

== Proposed names ==
* [[Bangalistan]] – a [[Proposed states and union territories of India|proposed state]] in India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sabrangindia.in/article/turmoil-north-east-demand-bangalistan|title=Turmoil in the North East: The demand for Bangalistan|date=28 January 2020|website=SabrangIndia|language=en|access-date=16 April 2020|archive-date=28 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200128134544/https://www.sabrangindia.in/article/turmoil-north-east-demand-bangalistan|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Khalistan movement|Khalistan]] – a proposed country for the [[Punjabi Sikhs|Sikh]] people.
* [[Maronites|Maronistan]] – a proposed name for [[Maronite Church|Maronite state]] in Lebanon during the [[Lebanese Civil War]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://archive.spectator.co.uk/article/15th-july-1978/9/lebanese-solution|title=Lebanese solution " 15 Jul 1978 " The Spectator Archive|website=The Spectator Archive|access-date=19 August 2018|archive-date=20 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820005719/http://archive.spectator.co.uk/article/15th-july-1978/9/lebanese-solution|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Romanistan]] – a proposed country for the Romani people.
* [[Saraikistan]]  – a [[Proposed provinces of Pakistan|proposed province]] in Pakistan.
* [[Zaza nationalism|Zazaistan]] – a suggested name for the region where the [[Zazas]] live.

== Fictional ==
{{More citations needed|section|date=July 2024}}
* [[Absurdistan]] - various
* Adjikistan – a fictional central Asian country in the video game ''[[SOCOM U.S. Navy SEALs: Combined Assault]]''.
* Aldastan – a fictional central Asian country consisting of Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, from ''[[Command & Conquer: Generals]]''.
* Antagonistan – a fictional country in ''[[Heavy Weapon]]''
* Ardistan – a fictional country in the novel ''Ardistan und Djinnistan'' by [[Karl May]].
* Avgatiganistan – a pun of 'Afghanistan', it means '[[Fried egg]]s' ('Avga tiganista') in Greek. Fictional country by author [[Eugene Trivizas]].
* [[List of Mobile Suit Gundam 00 characters#Other characters|Azadistan]] – a fictional kingdom from the anime [[Mobile Suit Gundam 00]]; it means "free land".
* Azmanastan (or Uzmenistan) – a fictional country and region in the film ''[[The Expendables 3]]''.
* Backhairistan- the fictional homeland of Bolbi Stroganovsky, a character from the cartoon series [[The Adventures of Jimmy Neutron, Boy Genius|Jimmy Neutron]]
* Bananastan – A fictional country from the [[Popeye the Sailor]] comic book series, which was ruled by Saddam Shahame, a parody of [[Saddam Hussein]], an [[Iraq]]i dictator.
* Bangistan – a fictional country in the [[Bollywood]] movie [[Bangistan]] (2015) starring [[Riteish Deshmukh]] and [[Pulkit Samrat]].
* Bazrakhistan – a fictional former Soviet republic in the movie ''Act of War'' (1998) starring [[Jack Scalia]].
* Belgistan – a fictional Middle Eastern country in the [[anime]] ''[[Gasaraki]]''.
* Berzerkistan – a fictional republic run by genocidal terrorist godhead and [[President for life]], Trff Bmzklfrpz, in the comic strip ''[[Doonesbury]]''.
* Bilalistan - a country in the novel [[Lion's Blood]]
* Blingostan - a fictional country in the show [[Smiling Friends]] ran by war criminal dictator Mr. Blingo who commits genocide
* Brajikistan – a fictional country from season 2 of the teen sitcom ''[[Wingin' It]]''.
* Capustan – a fictional city-state in ''[[Malazan Book of the Fallen]]''.
* Cobrastan – a fake fictional country made up by a character named Jorji Costava in his passport from the game ''[[Papers, Please]].''
* Darujhistan – a fictional city-state in ''[[Malazan Book of the Fallen]]''.
* Derkaderkastan – a fictional Middle Eastern country in ''[[Team America: World Police]]''.
* Djinnistan – a fictional country in the novel ''Ardistan und Djinnistan'' by Karl May.
* Franistan – a fictional country referred to in the television show ''[[I Love Lucy]]''.
* Frigistan – a fictional country in ''[[Heavy Weapon]]''
* Gohet Gostan – a fictional country in ''[[Tiga Abdul]]''
* Hachmachistan – fictional country in ''[[Kickin' It]]''
* Helmajistan – a fictional area from the anime ''[[Full Metal Panic!]]''.
* Howduyustan ("how do you stand?") – a fictional country from the ''[[Uncle Scrooge]]'' comic book stories.
* Irakistan – a fictional country in the game [[Broforce]]
* Iranistan – an oriental region of [[Hyborian Age|Hyborea]] (''[[Conan the Barbarian]] stories'').
* Istan – a fictional island state in the online role-playing game, ''[[Guild Wars Nightfall]]''.
* Jazeristan – fictional country in the movie ''[[The Misfits (2021 film)|The Misfits]]''.
* Kabulstan – a fictional very hostile third world country that does not like strangers (''[[MacGyver (1985 TV series)]]'') 
* Kamistan (Islamic Republic of) – a fictional Middle Eastern country featured in the television series ''[[24 (season 8)|24]]''.
* Kazanistan – an ideal state imagined by [[John Rawls]] in ''[[The Law of Peoples]]'', in which there is a system of law, legal representation for all groups, and a respect for basic human rights, but not full democracy.
* Kehjistan – the state of the eastern jungles in the game ''[[Diablo II]]''.
* [[Pepe the Frog#Kekistan|Kekistan]] – a fictional country created by 4chan members that has become a political meme and online movement.
* Kerakhistan – a fictional Middle Eastern country featured in the tabletop miniature wargame ''[[Mongoose Publishing|Battlefield Evolution]]''.
* Kerplakistan – fictional country in ''[[Big Time Rush]]''
* Kreplachistan – a fictional country in the ''[[Austin Powers]]'' film series.
* Langtbortistan – a fictional country in the Danish ''[[Donald Duck]]'' cartoons, literally meaning "far-away-in-stan"
* Långtbortistan - same as the Danish Donald Duck cartoons, but in the Swedish versions.
* Langtvekkistan - same as the Danish Donald Duck cartoons, but in the Norwegian versions.
* Lojbanistan – the fictional country [[Lojban]]ists imagine themselves inhabiting<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mw.lojban.org/papri/Lojbanistan|title=Lojbnaistan|date=4 November 2013|work=lojban wiki|access-date=30 March 2017|archive-date=31 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170331030632/https://mw.lojban.org/papri/Lojbanistan|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Cowan|first=John Waldemar|title=The Complete Lojban Language|chapter-url=http://www.lojban.org/publications/reference_grammar/chapter1.html|edition=First|year=1997|publisher=The Logical Language Group|location=Fairfax, VA, US|language=English|isbn=0-9660283-0-9|page=3|chapter=1|access-date=30 March 2017|archive-date=2 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170402142427/http://www.lojban.org/publications/reference_grammar/chapter1.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Moldovistan – a fictional island country in ''[[The Real Adventures of Jonny Quest]]''.
* Obristan – a fictional country in ''[[Papers, Please]]''.
* [[Paristan]] or Pari-estan – a ''[[fairy]]land'' in the folklore of Middle East, South Asia, and Central Asia.
* Porpoisestan - a fictional hometown country where Pei Pei the Purple Panda lives here in the Thumb Wrestling Federation.
* [[Superman vs. The Elite|Pokolistan]] – a fictional country in ''[[DC Comics]]''.
* Ratznestistan – a fictional country in ''[[Little_Orphan_Annie|Annie]]''.
* Serdaristan – a fictional country in ''[[Battlefield: Bad Company]]''.
* Skandistan - a fictional country in western Russia in [[The Years of Rice and Salt]]
* Stanistan<ref>{{cite web | url=https://m.imdb.com/title/tt4136014/ | title=Stanistan (TV Movie 2015) - IMDb | website=[[IMDb]] }}</ref> A common name used to describe a fictional union between the -stan countries.
* Taboulistan – a fictional country in ''[[Vive la France]]''
* Takistan – a fictional country in ''[[ARMA 2: Operation Arrowhead]]''.
* Tazbekistan – a fictional central Asian nation in the BBC television series ''[[Ambassadors (TV series)|Ambassadors]]''.
* Trashcanistan – a fictional country mentioned by the hosts of "[[Most Extreme Elimination Challenge|MXC]]".
* Turaqistan – a fictional country in the movie ''[[War, Inc.]]''
* Turgistan – a fictional central Asian dictatorship in ''[[6 Underground (film)|6 Underground]]''.
* Turmezistan – a fictional country in ''[[Doctor Who]]''.
* Tyrgyzstan – a fictional country in the BBC television drama ''[[The State Within]]''.
* [[Urzikstan]] – a fictional country in [[Call of Duty: Modern Warfare (2019 video game)]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/games/2019/may/31/call-of-duty-modern-warfare-reboot-controversy-activision|title=Call of Duty: Modern Warfare returns to tread a moral minefield|last=Stuart|first=Keith|date=31 May 2019|work=The Guardian|access-date=25 September 2019|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|archive-date=25 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925003729/https://www.theguardian.com/games/2019/may/31/call-of-duty-modern-warfare-reboot-controversy-activision|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Ustinkistan – fictional country in ''[[The Fairly OddParents]]''
* Yakyakistan – a fictional northern country in ''[[My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic]]''.
* [[Full Spectrum Warrior|Zekistan]] – a fictional central Asian nation in the video game ''[[Full Spectrum Warrior]]''.

== Other ==
* [[Absurdistan]] – sometimes used to satirically describe a country where everything goes wrong
* [[Empire of Angyalistan|Angyalistan]] – a [[micronation]] that claims garbage patches in [[international waters]]
* Autistan – the "metaphorical country" of the autistic people
* Bailoutistan (or Bailoutistan 2.0) - sarcastic term for Greece following the European Union bail out packages, coined by Yanis Varoufakis in his book 'Adults in the Room: My Battle With the European and American Deep Establishment'
* [[Bimaristan]] – a kind of hospital in medieval Persia and the medieval Islamic world
* [[British Pakistanis#Bradford|Bradistan]] – a moniker for [[Bradford]], England, owing to its large population of Pakistani worker migrants
* [[Anti-Canadian sentiment#United States|Canuckistan]] (full name being The People's Republic of Soviet Canuckistan) – [[epithet]] for Canada, used by [[Pat Buchanan]] on 31 October 2002, on his television show on [[MSNBC]] in which he denounced Canadians as anti-American and the country as a haven for terrorists. He was reacting to Canadian criticisms of US security measures regarding [[Arab Canadians]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/bombcanadaotheru0000alla|url-access=registration|quote=soviet%20canuckistan%20arab%20canadians.|title=Bomb Canada: And Other Unkind Remarks in the American Media|last=Allan|first=Chantal|date=2009|publisher=Athabasca University Press|isbn=978-1-897425-49-7|pages=[https://archive.org/details/bombcanadaotheru0000alla/page/84 84]–85|language=en}}</ref>
* Cavaquistan (''Cavaquistão'' in [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]) – a name coined after the former [[President of Portugal|Portuguese President]] and Prime-Minister [[Aníbal Cavaco Silva]], referring to the regions of Portugal where he achieved landslide victories in the elections held in the late 1980s and early 1990s (especially in the [[Viseu District]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://visao.sapo.pt/atualidade/politica/2019-10-06-cavaquistao-continua-irredutivel-e-a-votar-laranja/|title=Cavaquistão continua irredutível e a votar laranja ("Cavaquistan remains unyielding and voting orange") (in Portuguese)|date=6 October 2019|newspaper=Visão|access-date=26 August 2020|archive-date=3 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201003182449/https://visao.sapo.pt/atualidade/politica/2019-10-06-cavaquistao-continua-irredutivel-e-a-votar-laranja/|url-status=live}}</ref>); intended pun with Kazakhstan (''Cazaquistão'' in Portuguese<ref>{{cite book|author=Carla Fernandes|title=Multimodality and Performance|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qOX6DAAAQBAJ&q=cavaquist%C3%A3o+cavaquistan&pg=PA27|date=2016|publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing|isbn=978-1-4438-9465-4|page=27|access-date=1 October 2020|archive-date=10 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410094013/https://books.google.com/books?id=qOX6DAAAQBAJ&q=cavaquist%C3%A3o+cavaquistan&pg=PA27|url-status=live}}</ref>)
* [[Dalitstan.org]] – a [[Dalit]] advocacy website active until mid-2006,<ref>{{cite book|author=Dibyesh Anand|title=Hindu Nationalism in India and the Politics of Fear|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lbpfAQAAQBAJ&pg=PT34|date=15 October 2011|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=978-0-230-36263-5|pages=34–}}</ref> one of 18 websites that were blocked by the Indian government to check for hate messages following the [[2006 Mumbai train bombings]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2006-07-19/india/27816956_1_govt-blocks-check-terror-websites|title=Govt blocks 18 sites to check hate messages|date=19 July 2006|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=15 December 2015|archive-date=27 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130527095335/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2006-07-19/india/27816956_1_govt-blocks-check-terror-websites|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Extremistan and Mediocristan – used by author [[Nassim Nicholas Taleb]] to illustrate concepts of [[black swan theory]] in ''[[The Black Swan: The Impact of the Highly Improbable]]''
* [[Filmistan]] – a film-production company
* [[Fondukistan monastery|Fondukistan]] or Fondoqestān – an early medieval settlement and Buddhist monastery in Afghanistan
* [[Gazimestan]] – name of a monument commemorating the historical [[Battle of Kosovo]]
* Hookturnistan – satirical name of [[Melbourne|Melbourne, Victoria]], due to the large number of [[hook turn]]s on city roads
* [[Hamastan]] – a concept of a Palestinian Islamic government with [[Sharia]] as law
* [[Iranistan]] – a pseudo-orientalist mansion built for P. T. Barnum in 1848 in Connecticut
* [[Islamistan]] – means 'Land of Islam', used in various contexts
* [[Londonistan]] – French counter-terrorism agents gave the British/English capital of [[London]] this [[sobriquet]]. Sometimes used derogatorily to refer to the large immigrant, especially Muslim, population in London.
* [[Muristan]] – a complex of streets and shops in the Christian Quarter of the Old City of Jerusalem
* ''[[New Yorkistan]]'' – the title of the cover art for the 10 December 2001, edition of ''[[The New Yorker]]'' magazine
** The New Yorkistan map itself included various districts ending in ''-stan'', e.g., Bronxistan, Cold Turkeystan, Fuhgeddabouditstan, Gaymenistan, Taxistan, Youdontunderstandistan, etc.
* Orbánistan – a derogatory term for [[Hungary]] under the rule of [[Viktor Orbán]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Ruler of Orbánistan|url=https://www.aspen.review/article/2017/the-ruler-of-orbanistan/|access-date=13 March 2022|website=Aspen Institute Central Europe|language=cs|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813060919/https://www.aspen.review/article/2017/the-ruler-of-orbanistan/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Neopaganism in Minnesota|Paganistan]] – the pagan/neo-pagan community of [[Minneapolis–Saint Paul|Minneapolis-Saint Paul]] in [[Minnesota]]<ref name="Murphy Pizza" />
* [[Barbara Kay controversy|Quebecistan]] – a term coined by [[Barbara Kay]] in 2006 in reference to [[Quebec]], [[Canada]].
* [[Sarvestan Palace|Sarvestan]] – a Sasanian-era palace in the Iranian province of Sarvestan
* [[Shabestan]] – an underground space, usually found in the traditional architecture of mosques, houses, and schools in ancient Persia
* [[Shahrestan (disambiguation)|Shahrestan]] (several meanings)
* [[Skateistan]] – a skateboarding/educational organization based in Kabul, Afghanistan
* Swedistan – a derogatory term for [[Sweden]] due to its growing immigration from Islamic countries. It is sometimes used by [[internet users]] to attack or offend Swedish Muslims.
* Talibanistan – a name for the government of [[Afghanistan]] under the [[Taliban]]
* [[Zaqistan]] – a [[micronation]] currently in [[Nevada]]

== See also ==
{{Div col}}
* [[-abad]]
* [[-an]]
* [[-desh]]
* [[-land]]
* [[-patnam]]
* [[Pur (placename element)|-pur]]
* [[-tania]]
* [[List of geographic names of Iranian origin]]
* [[Oikonyms in Western and South Asia]]
{{Div col end}}

== Notes ==
{{reflist|group=n}}

== References ==
{{reflist|refs=
<ref name="Murphy Pizza">{{Cite book|last=Pizza|first=Murphy|date=2009|contribution=Schism as midwife: how conflict aided the birth of a contemporary Pagan community|editor-last=Lewis|editor-first=James R.|editor-link=James R. Lewis (scholar)|editor2-last=Lewis|editor2-first=Sarah M.|title=Sacred schisms: how religions divide|location=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|pages=249–261|isbn=978-0-511-58071-0|url=http://81.70.242.211/eab/manual/Publisher/Cambridge%20University%20Press%20www.cambridge.org/sacred%20schisms%20how%20religions%20divide%209780521881470%2049080%20%5B351%5D.pdf#page=261|access-date=25 May 2011|quote=[...] the Pagan community of the Minnesota Twin Cities, otherwise known by members as 'Paganistan.'|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110810234002/http://81.70.242.211/eab/manual/Publisher/Cambridge%20University%20Press%20www.cambridge.org/sacred%20schisms%20how%20religions%20divide%209780521881470%2049080%20%5B351%5D.pdf#page=261|archive-date=10 August 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="hayyim-dictionary"><!--

Something is fishy in this ref. I copied it to [[Oikonyms in Western and South Asia]]. if you fix it, please fix there as well

-->{{citation|last=Hayyim|first=Sulayman|title=New Persian-English Dictionary|chapter-url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/steingass_query.py?qs=%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86&searchhws=yes|chapter=ستان|year=1892|page=30|volume=2|location=Tehran|publisher=Librairie imprimerie Béroukhim|access-date=25 October 2020|archive-date=28 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028212228/https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/steingass_query.py?qs=%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86&searchhws=yes|url-status=live}} Quote= ستان (p. V2-0030) ستان (۲) Suffix meaning 'a place abounding in'. Ex. گلستان a flower or rose-garden. Syn. زار See گازار Note. This suffix is pronounced stan or setan after a vowel, as in بوستان boostan, a garden, and هندوستان hendoostan, India; and estan after a consonant. Ex. گلستان golestan, and ترکستان torkestan. However, for poetic license, after a consonant also, it may be pronounced setan. Ex. گلستان golsetan</ref>
<ref name="steingass-dictionary">{{citation|last=Steingass|first=Francis Joseph|title=A Comprehensive Persian-English Dictionary|chapter-url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/hayyim_query.py?qs=%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86&searchhws=yes|chapter=ستان|page=655|quote=stān (after a vowel), istān (after a consonant), Place where anything abounds, as ḵẖurmāstān, A palm-grove, gulistān, A flower-garden, &c.|access-date=25 October 2020|archive-date=28 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028214620/https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/hayyim_query.py?qs=%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86&searchhws=yes|url-status=live}}</ref>
}}

== Sources ==
* {{cite book|title=Sasanian Persia: The Rise and Fall of an Empire|year=2014|publisher=I.B.Tauris|last=Daryaee|first=Touraj|author-link=Touraj Daryaee|pages=1–240|isbn=978-0857716668|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LU0BAwAAQBAJ}}
* {{EI3|last=Ghereghlou|first=Kioumars|title=Bādūsbānids|year=2018|url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-3/badusbanids-COM_25087?s.num=3&s.f.s2_parent=s.f.book.encyclopaedia-of-islam-3&s.q=Gilan}}

== Further reading ==
* Maciuszak, Kinga. ''[http://info.filg.uj.edu.pl/zhjij/sec/store/sec-13.pdf#page=119 The Persian Suffix -(e)stān 'The Land Of']'' ''Studia Etymologica Cracoviensia'' 13 (2008): 119–140.

== External links ==
* {{OEtymD|-stan}}
* {{Wiktionary-inline|-stan}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Stan}}
[[Category:Suffixes]]
[[Category:Place name element etymologies]]
[[Category:Persian words and phrases]]
[[Category:Bengali words and phrases]]
[[Category:English suffixes]]
[[Category:Nepali words and phrases]]