DKK2: Difference between revisions

DKK2
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	2JTK
Identifiers
Aliases	DKK2, DKK-2, dickkopf WNT signaling pathway inhibitor 2
External IDs	OMIM: 605415; MGI: 1890663; HomoloGene: 8681; GeneCards: DKK2; OMA:DKK2 - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 4 (human)
End	107,283,806 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 3 (mouse)
End	131,886,065 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	skin of thigh; ; skin of hip; ; buccal mucosa cell; ; Achilles tendon; ; testicle; ; Skeletal muscle tissue of rectus abdominis; ; hair follicle; ; thoracic diaphragm; ; right lung; ; muscle of thigh;
	Top expressed in
	vestibular membrane of cochlear duct; ; external carotid artery; ; internal carotid artery; ; iris; ; glomerulus; ; umbilical cord; ; conjunctival fornix; ; saccule; ; gastrula; ; glomerular mesangium;
	More reference expression data
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	co-receptor binding; receptor antagonist activity;
Cellular component	extracellular region; extracellular space;
Biological process	positive regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway; multicellular organism development; negative regulation of Wnt signaling pathway; Wnt signaling pathway; negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway; extracellular negative regulation of signal transduction; negative regulation of signaling receptor activity;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	27123
	56811
	ENSG00000155011
	ENSMUSG00000028031
	Q9UBU2
	Q9QYZ8
	NM_014421
	NM_020265
	NP_055236
	NP_064661
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

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Latest revision as of 09:43, 8 January 2024

Dickkopf-related protein 2 is a protein in the Dickkopf family that in humans is encoded by the DKK2 gene.^[5]^[6]

This gene encodes a protein that is a member of the dickkopf family. The secreted protein contains two cysteine rich regions and is involved in embryonic development through its interactions with the Wnt signaling pathway.

It can act as either an agonist or antagonist of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling, depending on the cellular context and the presence of the co-factor kremen 2. Activity of this protein is also modulated by binding to the Wnt co-receptor LDL-receptor related protein 6 (LRP6).^[6]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000155011 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000028031 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Krupnik VE, Sharp JD, Jiang C, Robison K, Chickering TW, Amaravadi L, et al. (October 1999). "Functional and structural diversity of the human Dickkopf gene family". Gene. 238 (2): 301–13. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(99)00365-0. PMID 10570958.
^ ^a ^b "Entrez Gene: DKK2 dickkopf homolog 2 (Xenopus laevis)".
^ Song Y, Boncompagni AC, Kim SS, Gochnauer HR, Zhang Y, Loots GG, et al. (December 2018). "Regional Control of Hairless versus Hair-Bearing Skin by Dkk2". Cell Reports. 25 (11): 2981–2991.e3. doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2018.11.017. PMC 6345517. PMID 30509557.

Wu W, Glinka A, Delius H, Niehrs C (2001). "Mutual antagonism between dickkopf1 and dickkopf2 regulates Wnt/beta-catenin signalling". Current Biology. 10 (24): 1611–4. doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(00)00868-X. PMID 11137016. S2CID 6397269.
Mao B, Wu W, Li Y, Hoppe D, Stannek P, Glinka A, Niehrs C (May 2001). "LDL-receptor-related protein 6 is a receptor for Dickkopf proteins". Nature. 411 (6835): 321–5. doi:10.1038/35077108. PMID 11357136. S2CID 4323027.
Li L, Mao J, Sun L, Liu W, Wu D (February 2002). "Second cysteine-rich domain of Dickkopf-2 activates canonical Wnt signaling pathway via LRP-6 independently of dishevelled". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (8): 5977–81. doi:10.1074/jbc.M111131200. PMID 11742004.
Brott BK, Sokol SY (September 2002). "Regulation of Wnt/LRP signaling by distinct domains of Dickkopf proteins". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 22 (17): 6100–10. doi:10.1128/MCB.22.17.6100-6110.2002. PMC 133995. PMID 12167704.
Mao B, Niehrs C (January 2003). "Kremen2 modulates Dickkopf2 activity during Wnt/LRP6 signaling". Gene. 302 (1–2): 179–83. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(02)01106-X. PMID 12527209.
Kuphal S, Lodermeyer S, Bataille F, Schuierer M, Hoang BH, Bosserhoff AK (August 2006). "Expression of Dickkopf genes is strongly reduced in malignant melanoma". Oncogene. 25 (36): 5027–36. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1209508. PMID 16568085. S2CID 12065588.

This article on a gene on human chromosome 4 is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000155011 – Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000028031 – Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid10570958-5] Krupnik VE, Sharp JD, Jiang C, Robison K, Chickering TW, Amaravadi L, et al. (October 1999). "Functional and structural diversity of the human Dickkopf gene family". Gene. 238 (2): 301–13. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(99)00365-0. PMID 10570958.

[entrez-6] "Entrez Gene: DKK2 dickkopf homolog 2 (Xenopus laevis)".

[7] Song Y, Boncompagni AC, Kim SS, Gochnauer HR, Zhang Y, Loots GG, et al. (December 2018). "Regional Control of Hairless versus Hair-Bearing Skin by Dkk2". Cell Reports. 25 (11): 2981–2991.e3. doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2018.11.017. PMC 6345517. PMID 30509557.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens}}
+{{cs1 config|name-list-style=vanc}}
 {{Infobox_gene}}
-'''Dickkopf-related protein 2''' is a [[protein]] that in humans is encoded by the ''DKK2'' [[gene]].<ref name="pmid10570958">{{cite journal | vauthors = Krupnik VE, Sharp JD, Jiang C, Robison K, Chickering TW, Amaravadi L, Brown DE, Guyot D, Mays G, Leiby K, Chang B, Duong T, Goodearl AD, Gearing DP, Sokol SY, McCarthy SA | title = Functional and structural diversity of the human Dickkopf gene family | journal = Gene | volume = 238 | issue = 2 | pages = 301–13 |date=Dec 1999 | pmid = 10570958 | pmc = | doi =10.1016/S0378-1119(99)00365-0 }}</ref><ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: DKK2 dickkopf homolog 2 (Xenopus laevis)| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=27123| accessdate = }}</ref>
+'''Dickkopf-related protein 2''' is a [[protein]] in the [[Dickkopf]] family that in humans is encoded by the ''DKK2'' [[gene]].<ref name="pmid10570958">{{cite journal | vauthors = Krupnik VE, Sharp JD, Jiang C, Robison K, Chickering TW, Amaravadi L, Brown DE, Guyot D, Mays G, Leiby K, Chang B, Duong T, Goodearl AD, Gearing DP, Sokol SY, McCarthy SA | display-authors = 6 | title = Functional and structural diversity of the human Dickkopf gene family | journal = Gene | volume = 238 | issue = 2 | pages = 301–13 | date = October 1999 | pmid = 10570958 | doi = 10.1016/S0378-1119(99)00365-0 }}</ref><ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: DKK2 dickkopf homolog 2 (Xenopus laevis)| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=27123}}</ref>
 This gene encodes a protein that is a member of the dickkopf family. The secreted protein contains two [[cysteine]] rich regions and is involved in [[embryonic development]] through its interactions with the [[Wnt signaling pathway]].
 It can act as either an [[agonist]] or antagonist of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling, depending on the cellular context and the presence of the co-factor kremen 2. Activity of this protein is also modulated by binding to the Wnt co-receptor LDL-receptor related protein 6 ([[LRP6]]).<ref name="entrez" />
-==See also==
+== See also ==
-* [[Hairy palms and soles]] <ref>{{cite journal |last1=Song |first1=Yaolin |last2=Boncompagni |first2=Ana C. |last3=Kim |first3=Sang-Seok |last4=Gochnauer |first4=Heather R. |last5=Zhang |first5=Yuhang |last6=Loots |first6=Gabriela G. |last7=Wu |first7=Dianqing |last8=Li |first8=Yulin |last9=Xu |first9=Mingang |last10=Millar |first10=Sarah E. |title=Regional Control of Hairless versus Hair-Bearing Skin by Dkk2 |journal=Cell Reports |date=December 2018 |volume=25 |issue=11 |pages=2981–2991.e3 |doi=10.1016/j.celrep.2018.11.017|pmc=6345517 }}</ref>
+* [[Hairy palms and soles]]<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Song Y, Boncompagni AC, Kim SS, Gochnauer HR, Zhang Y, Loots GG, Wu D, Li Y, Xu M, Millar SE | display-authors = 6 | title = Regional Control of Hairless versus Hair-Bearing Skin by Dkk2 | journal = Cell Reports | volume = 25 | issue = 11 | pages = 2981–2991.e3 | date = December 2018 | pmid = 30509557 | pmc = 6345517 | doi = 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.11.017 }}</ref>
-==References==
+== References ==
 {{reflist}}
-==Further reading==
+== Further reading ==
 {{refbegin | 2}}
-*{{cite journal | vauthors=Wu W, Glinka A, Delius H, Niehrs C |title=Mutual antagonism between dickkopf1 and dickkopf2 regulates Wnt/beta-catenin signalling. |journal=Curr. Biol. |volume=10 |issue= 24 |pages= 1611–4 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11137016 |doi=10.1016/S0960-9822(00)00868-X }}
+* {{cite journal | vauthors = Wu W, Glinka A, Delius H, Niehrs C | title = Mutual antagonism between dickkopf1 and dickkopf2 regulates Wnt/beta-catenin signalling | journal = Current Biology | volume = 10 | issue = 24 | pages = 1611–4 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11137016 | doi = 10.1016/S0960-9822(00)00868-X | s2cid = 6397269 | doi-access = free }}
-*{{cite journal | vauthors=Mao B, Wu W, Li Y |title=LDL-receptor-related protein 6 is a receptor for Dickkopf proteins. |journal=Nature |volume=411 |issue= 6835 |pages= 321–5 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11357136 |doi= 10.1038/35077108 |display-authors=etal}}
+* {{cite journal | vauthors = Mao B, Wu W, Li Y, Hoppe D, Stannek P, Glinka A, Niehrs C | title = LDL-receptor-related protein 6 is a receptor for Dickkopf proteins | journal = Nature | volume = 411 | issue = 6835 | pages = 321–5 | date = May 2001 | pmid = 11357136 | doi = 10.1038/35077108 | s2cid = 4323027 }}
-*{{cite journal | vauthors=Li L, Mao J, Sun L |title=Second cysteine-rich domain of Dickkopf-2 activates canonical Wnt signaling pathway via LRP-6 independently of dishevelled. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=277 |issue= 8 |pages= 5977–81 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11742004 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M111131200 |display-authors=etal}}
+* {{cite journal | vauthors = Li L, Mao J, Sun L, Liu W, Wu D | title = Second cysteine-rich domain of Dickkopf-2 activates canonical Wnt signaling pathway via LRP-6 independently of dishevelled | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 277 | issue = 8 | pages = 5977–81 | date = February 2002 | pmid = 11742004 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M111131200 | doi-access = free }}
-*{{cite journal | vauthors=Brott BK, Sokol SY |title=Regulation of Wnt/LRP signaling by distinct domains of Dickkopf proteins. |journal=Mol. Cell. Biol. |volume=22 |issue= 17 |pages= 6100–10 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12167704 |doi=10.1128/MCB.22.17.6100-6110.2002 | pmc=133995 }}
+* {{cite journal | vauthors = Brott BK, Sokol SY | title = Regulation of Wnt/LRP signaling by distinct domains of Dickkopf proteins | journal = Molecular and Cellular Biology | volume = 22 | issue = 17 | pages = 6100–10 | date = September 2002 | pmid = 12167704 | pmc = 133995 | doi = 10.1128/MCB.22.17.6100-6110.2002 }}
-*{{cite journal | vauthors=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899–903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 | pmc=139241 |display-authors=etal}}
+* {{cite journal | vauthors = Mao B, Niehrs C | title = Kremen2 modulates Dickkopf2 activity during Wnt/LRP6 signaling | journal = Gene | volume = 302 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 179–83 | date = January 2003 | pmid = 12527209 | doi = 10.1016/S0378-1119(02)01106-X }}
-*{{cite journal | vauthors=Mao B, Niehrs C |title=Kremen2 modulates Dickkopf2 activity during Wnt/LRP6 signaling. |journal=Gene |volume=302 |issue= 1–2 |pages= 179–83 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12527209 |doi=10.1016/S0378-1119(02)01106-X }}
+* {{cite journal | vauthors = Kuphal S, Lodermeyer S, Bataille F, Schuierer M, Hoang BH, Bosserhoff AK | title = Expression of Dickkopf genes is strongly reduced in malignant melanoma | journal = Oncogene | volume = 25 | issue = 36 | pages = 5027–36 | date = August 2006 | pmid = 16568085 | doi = 10.1038/sj.onc.1209508 | doi-access =  | s2cid = 12065588 }}
-*{{cite journal | vauthors=Clark HF, Gurney AL, Abaya E |title=The secreted protein discovery initiative (SPDI), a large-scale effort to identify novel human secreted and transmembrane proteins: a bioinformatics assessment. |journal=Genome Res. |volume=13 |issue= 10 |pages= 2265–70 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12975309 |doi= 10.1101/gr.1293003 | pmc=403697 |display-authors=etal}}
-*{{cite journal | vauthors=Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA |title=The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). |journal=Genome Res. |volume=14 |issue= 10B |pages= 2121–7 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15489334 |doi= 10.1101/gr.2596504 | pmc=528928 |display-authors=etal}}
-*{{cite journal | vauthors=Kuphal S, Lodermeyer S, Bataille F |title=Expression of Dickkopf genes is strongly reduced in malignant melanoma. |journal=Oncogene |volume=25 |issue= 36 |pages= 5027–36 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16568085 |doi= 10.1038/sj.onc.1209508 |display-authors=etal}}
 {{refend}}