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{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Use British English|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox historic engine
{{Infobox historic engine
|name = Smethwick Engine
|name = Smethwick Engine
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|cylinders = 1
|cylinders = 1
|bore = {{Convert|32|in|cm}}
|bore = {{Convert|32|in|cm}}
|stroke = {{convert|8|ft|m}}
|stroke = {{convert|8|ft|cm|0}}
|former_operator = [[Birmingham Canal Navigations]]
|former_operator = [[Birmingham Canal Navigations]]
|purpose = Pumping water
|purpose = Pumping water
|collection = [[Birmingham Museums Trust]]
|collection = [[Birmingham Museums Trust]]
|location = [[Thinktank, Birmingham|Thinktank]]
|location = [[Thinktank, Birmingham Science Museum|Thinktank]]
|accession =
|accession =
|working = Yes
|working = Yes
}}
}}


The '''Smethwick Engine''' is a [[Watt steam engine]] made by [[Boulton and Watt]], which was installed near [[Birmingham]], England, and was brought into service in May 1779. It is the oldest working Watt steam engine and the oldest working engine in the world.<ref name="thinktank-highlights">{{cite web|url=http://www.birminghammuseums.org.uk/thinktank/highlights|title=Highlights - Thinktank - Birmingham Museums|work=birminghammuseums.org.uk|accessdate=9 March 2015}}</ref><ref name="Holland2012">{{cite book|last=Holland|first=Julian|title=Amazing & Extraordinary Facts Steam Age|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=cgozDvAxsR4C&pg=PT18|accessdate=9 March 2015|date=2012-05-01|publisher=David & Charles|isbn=9781446356197|pages=18–}}</ref><ref name="IMECHE">{{cite web|url=http://www.imeche.org/news/institution/promoting-engineering-in-the-midlands|title=Promoting engineering in the Midlands|date=27 January 2014|accessdate=9 March 2015}}</ref>
The '''Smethwick Engine''' is a [[Watt steam engine]] made by [[Boulton and Watt]], which was installed near [[Birmingham]], England, and was brought into service in May 1779. Now at [[Thinktank, Birmingham Science Museum]], it is the oldest working [[steam engine]]<ref name="guinness">{{cite web|url=http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/oldest-steam-engine|title=Oldest steam engine|work=guinnessworldrecords.com|access-date=19 March 2015}}</ref><ref name="thinktank-highlights">{{cite web|url=http://www.birminghammuseums.org.uk/thinktank/highlights|title=Highlights - Thinktank - Birmingham Museums|work=birminghammuseums.org.uk|access-date=9 March 2015}}</ref> and the oldest working [[engine]] in the world.<ref name="Holland2012">{{cite book|last=Holland|first=Julian|title=Amazing & Extraordinary Facts Steam Age|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cgozDvAxsR4C&pg=PT18|access-date=9 March 2015|date=2012-05-01|publisher=David & Charles|isbn=9781446356197|pages=18–}}</ref><ref name="IMECHE">{{cite web|url=http://www.imeche.org/news/institution/promoting-engineering-in-the-midlands|title=Promoting engineering in the Midlands|date=27 January 2014|access-date=9 March 2015}}</ref>


==History==
==History==
Originally, it was one of two [[steam engine]]s used to pump water back up to the {{convert|491|foot|m}} [[Water levels of the Birmingham Canal Navigations#491 ft Brindley's Smethwick_Summit|summit level]] of the [[BCN Main Line|BCN Old Main Line (Birmingham Canal)]] [[canal]] at [[Smethwick]], not far from the [[Soho Foundry]] where it was made. The other engine, also built by [[Boulton and Watt]], was at the other end of the summit level at Spon Lane. In 1804 a second Boulton and Watt engine was added alongside the 1779 engine.
Originally, it was one of two steam engines used to pump water back up to the {{convert|491|ft|m|1|adj=on}} [[Water levels of the Birmingham Canal Navigations#491 ft Brindley's Smethwick Summit|summit level]] of the [[BCN Main Line|BCN Old Main Line (Birmingham Canal)]] [[canal]] at [[Smethwick]], not far from the [[Soho Foundry]] where it was made. The other engine, also built by [[Boulton and Watt]], was at the other end of the summit level at Spon Lane. In 1804 a second Boulton and Watt engine was added alongside the 1779 engine.


The engines were needed because local water sources were insufficient to supply water to operate the six [[canal lock|lock]]s either side of the canal's original summit. The locks could have been avoided if a tunnel had been built, but the ground was too unstable for [[James Brindley]] to build a tunnel using the techniques available at the time. In the 1780s, a cutting was constructed by [[John Smeaton]], enabling three of the six locks on each side to be removed.
The engines were needed because local water sources were insufficient to supply water to operate the six [[canal lock|lock]]s either side of the canal's original summit. The locks could have been avoided if a tunnel had been built, but the ground was too unstable for [[James Brindley]] to build a tunnel using the techniques available at the time. In the 1780s, a [[Cut (earthworks)|cutting]] was constructed by [[John Smeaton]], enabling three of the six locks on each side to be removed.


[[File:Engine Arm Aqueduct west.jpg|left|thumb|The [[Engine Arm Aqueduct]]]]
[[File:Engine Arm Aqueduct west.jpg|left|thumb|The [[Engine Arm Aqueduct]]]]
In the 1820s, [[Thomas Telford]] constructed a new canal parallel to the old in a deeper cutting, at the 453&nbsp;ft [[Birmingham Level]], creating the largest man-made earthworks in the world at the time. It was spanned by the [[Galton Bridge]]. The engine was still needed, despite both these developments, and Thomas Telford constructed the [[Engine Arm Aqueduct]] carrying the [[Engine Arm]] branch canal over his New Main Line so that coal could still be transported along the arm to feed the Smethwick Engine.
In the 1820s, [[Thomas Telford]] constructed a new canal parallel to the old in a deeper cutting, at the {{convert|453|ft|m|1|abbr=on}} [[Birmingham Level]], creating the largest man-made earthworks in the world at the time. It was spanned by the [[Galton Bridge]]. The engine was still needed, despite both these developments, and Thomas Telford constructed the [[Engine Arm Aqueduct]] carrying the [[Engine Arm]] branch canal over his New Main Line so that coal could still be transported along the arm to feed the Smethwick Engine.


[[File:New Smethwick Pumping Station 2.jpg|thumb|New [[Smethwick]] Pumping Station]]
[[File:New Smethwick Pumping Station 2.jpg|thumb|New [[Smethwick]] Pumping Station]]
In 1892, a replacement engine was built in a new pumping house, now [[Grade II listed]],<ref>{{NHLE |num=1077154 |desc=Smethwick New Pumping House|grade=II |accessdate=8 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{IoE|219213|New pumping house, Grade II}}</ref> next to Brasshouse Lane, as the original Smethwick Engine was considered uneconomic to repair. The original Smethwick Engine was then removed to [[British Waterways]] Ocker Hill depot where it remained until acquired by [[Birmingham City Council]]. It is now part of the collection of Birmingham Museums and is on display at the [[Thinktank, Birmingham|Thinktank science museum]] at [[Millennium Point (Birmingham)|Millennium Point]] in [[Birmingham]]. It is the oldest working engine in the world.
In 1892, a replacement engine was built in a new pumping house, now [[Grade II listed]],<ref>{{National Heritage List for England|num=1077154|desc=Smethwick New Pumping House|grade=II|access-date=8 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{NHLE |num=1077154 |desc=New pumping house, Grade II |access-date=23 April 2007}}</ref> next to Brasshouse Lane, as the original Smethwick Engine was considered uneconomic to repair; the latter was removed for preservation in 1897–98<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Weekly notes on Science and Invention |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001701/18980806/102/0026 |newspaper=Sheffield Weekly Telegraph |location=England |date=6 August 1898 |access-date=1 October 2022 |via=British Newspaper Archive |url-access=subscription }}</ref> to the BCN, later [[British Waterways]], [[Ocker Hill]] depot where it remained until acquired by [[Birmingham City Council]]. It is now part of the collection of Birmingham Museums and is on display at [[Thinktank, Birmingham Science Museum]] at [[Millennium Point (Birmingham)|Millennium Point]]. It is the oldest working engine in the world.


[[File:Blue plaque Smethwick Engine.jpg|thumb|[[Blue plaque]] at the site of the Smethwick Engine]]
[[File:Blue plaque Smethwick Engine.jpg|thumb|[[Blue plaque]] at the site of the Smethwick Engine]]
The engine house was demolished in 1897. Its original site and foundations can still be seen on Bridge Street North in Smethwick, just north of the junction with Rolfe Street. Tours of the site can be arranged through the [[Galton Valley Canal Heritage Centre]] which is based in the New Smethwick Pumping Station and regularly opened by Sandwell Museum Service and The Friends of Galton Valley.
The engine house was demolished in 1897. Its original site and foundations can still be seen on Bridge Street North in Smethwick, just north of the junction with Rolfe Street. Tours of the site can be arranged through the [[Galton Valley Canal Heritage Centre]] which is based in the New Smethwick Pumping Station and regularly opened by Sandwell Museum Service and The Friends of Galton Valley.


The pumping station was featured in an episode of ''The Water Boatman'' presented by [[Alan Herd]] on the [[Discovery Shed]] TV channel in November 2011.
The pumping station was featured in an episode of ''The Water Boatman'' presented by [[Alan Herd]] on the [[Discovery Shed]] TV channel in November 2011.{{relevance|date=April 2024}}


==Points of interest==
==Points of interest==
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{{PoIgb|New Smethwick Pumphouse|52.4981|-1.9731|SP018889|Brasshouse Lane, Smethwick}}
{{PoIgb|New Smethwick Pumphouse|52.4981|-1.9731|SP018889|Brasshouse Lane, Smethwick}}
{{PoIgb end}}
{{PoIgb end}}
{{kml}}
{{geoGroup}}


==See also==
==See also==
{{Portal|UK Waterways}}
{{Portal|United Kingdom|Transport}}
*[[Canals of the United Kingdom]]
*[[Canals of the United Kingdom]]
*[[History of the British canal system]]
*[[History of the British canal system]]
Line 56: Line 58:
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
{{Refbegin}}
{{Refbegin}}
*''Birmingham's Canals'', Ray Shill, 1999, 2002, ISBN 0-7509-2077-7
*''Birmingham's Canals'', Ray Shill, 1999, 2002, {{ISBN|0-7509-2077-7}}
{{Refend}}
{{Refend}}


==External links==
==External links==
{{commons category|Smethwick Engine}}
{{commons category|Smethwick Engine}}
*[http://web.archive.org/web/20070929130959/http://www.btinternet.com/~historical.engines/smethwick.htm Model of the Smethwick Engine]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070929130959/http://www.btinternet.com/~historical.engines/smethwick.htm Model of the Smethwick Engine]
*[http://www.birminghamstories.co.uk/story_page.php?id=12&type=fo&page=1&now=0 The Smethwick Engine at Thinktank, Birmingham science museum]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060518230827/http://birminghamstories.co.uk/story_page.php?id=12&type=fo&page=1&now=0 The Smethwick Engine at Thinktank, Birmingham science museum]


{{Thinktank, Birmingham}}
{{Thinktank, Birmingham}}
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[[Category:1779 in England]]
[[Category:1779 in England]]
[[Category:1779 in science]]
[[Category:1779 in science]]
[[Category:History of the steam engine]]
[[Category:Industrial Revolution]]
[[Category:James Watt]]

Latest revision as of 01:14, 4 April 2024

Smethwick Engine
The engine in steam at Birmingham's Thinktank museum
Origins
TypeWatt beam engine
DesignerJames Watt
MakerBoulton and Watt
DateMay 1779 (1779-05)
Country of originEngland
Former operatorBirmingham Canal Navigations
PurposePumping water
Measurements
Cylinders1
Bore32 inches (81 cm)
Stroke8 feet (244 cm)
Preservation
CollectionBirmingham Museums Trust
LocationThinktank
WorkingYes

The Smethwick Engine is a Watt steam engine made by Boulton and Watt, which was installed near Birmingham, England, and was brought into service in May 1779. Now at Thinktank, Birmingham Science Museum, it is the oldest working steam engine[1][2] and the oldest working engine in the world.[3][4]

History

[edit]

Originally, it was one of two steam engines used to pump water back up to the 491-foot (149.7 m) summit level of the BCN Old Main Line (Birmingham Canal) canal at Smethwick, not far from the Soho Foundry where it was made. The other engine, also built by Boulton and Watt, was at the other end of the summit level at Spon Lane. In 1804 a second Boulton and Watt engine was added alongside the 1779 engine.

The engines were needed because local water sources were insufficient to supply water to operate the six locks either side of the canal's original summit. The locks could have been avoided if a tunnel had been built, but the ground was too unstable for James Brindley to build a tunnel using the techniques available at the time. In the 1780s, a cutting was constructed by John Smeaton, enabling three of the six locks on each side to be removed.

The Engine Arm Aqueduct

In the 1820s, Thomas Telford constructed a new canal parallel to the old in a deeper cutting, at the 453 ft (138.1 m) Birmingham Level, creating the largest man-made earthworks in the world at the time. It was spanned by the Galton Bridge. The engine was still needed, despite both these developments, and Thomas Telford constructed the Engine Arm Aqueduct carrying the Engine Arm branch canal over his New Main Line so that coal could still be transported along the arm to feed the Smethwick Engine.

New Smethwick Pumping Station

In 1892, a replacement engine was built in a new pumping house, now Grade II listed,[5][6] next to Brasshouse Lane, as the original Smethwick Engine was considered uneconomic to repair; the latter was removed for preservation in 1897–98[7] to the BCN, later British Waterways, Ocker Hill depot where it remained until acquired by Birmingham City Council. It is now part of the collection of Birmingham Museums and is on display at Thinktank, Birmingham Science Museum at Millennium Point. It is the oldest working engine in the world.

Blue plaque at the site of the Smethwick Engine

The engine house was demolished in 1897. Its original site and foundations can still be seen on Bridge Street North in Smethwick, just north of the junction with Rolfe Street. Tours of the site can be arranged through the Galton Valley Canal Heritage Centre which is based in the New Smethwick Pumping Station and regularly opened by Sandwell Museum Service and The Friends of Galton Valley.

The pumping station was featured in an episode of The Water Boatman presented by Alan Herd on the Discovery Shed TV channel in November 2011.[relevant?]

Points of interest

[edit]
Point Coordinates
(Links to map resources) 		OS Grid Ref Notes
Smethwick Engine original pumphouse 52°29′52″N 1°57′44″W / 52.4977°N 1.9622°W / 52.4977; -1.9622 (Smethwick Engine original pumphouse) SP025889 Bridge Street North, Smethwick
Engine Arm Aqueduct 52°29′52″N 1°57′59″W / 52.4979°N 1.9665°W / 52.4979; -1.9665 (Engine Arm Aqueduct) SP022889
New Smethwick Pumphouse 52°29′53″N 1°58′23″W / 52.4981°N 1.9731°W / 52.4981; -1.9731 (New Smethwick Pumphouse) SP018889 Brasshouse Lane, Smethwick
Map all coordinates using OpenStreetMap

Download coordinates as:

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Oldest steam engine". guinnessworldrecords.com. Retrieved 19 March 2015.
  2. ^ "Highlights - Thinktank - Birmingham Museums". birminghammuseums.org.uk. Retrieved 9 March 2015.
  3. ^ Holland, Julian (1 May 2012). Amazing & Extraordinary Facts Steam Age. David & Charles. pp. 18–. ISBN 9781446356197. Retrieved 9 March 2015.
  4. ^ "Promoting engineering in the Midlands". 27 January 2014. Retrieved 9 March 2015.
  5. ^ Historic England. "Smethwick New Pumping House (Grade II) (1077154)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 8 March 2015.
  6. ^ Historic England. "New pumping house, Grade II (1077154)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 23 April 2007.
  7. ^ "Weekly notes on Science and Invention". Sheffield Weekly Telegraph. England. 6 August 1898. Retrieved 1 October 2022 – via British Newspaper Archive.
[edit]
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