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In Rabbinic literature, ḥiddush (Hebrew: חִדּוּשׁ; plural ḥiddushim, Hebrew: חִדּוּשׁים)^{[note 1]} refers to a novel interpretation or approach to previously-existing ideas or works.^[1]^[2] The term often describes a form of innovation that is made inside the system of Halakha, as distinguished from shinuy, an innovation outside tradition.^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]

Etymology

Ḥiddush comes from the Hebrew root ח-ד-שׁ, meaning new. The usage of the word in this context originated from the language of Talmudic analysis and argumentation in the Gemara.^[8] It passed into Yiddish, where it is at times used informally.

In rabbinic literature

Nachmanides states^[9] that it is an "obligation imposed upon us to search through the subjects of the Torah and the precepts and bring to light their hidden contents".^[10]

What "powers" ḥiddushim? MaaYana Shel Torah^[11] asks regarding "VaYayLech Moshe" (31:1)—where did he go? and answers that he went into everyone: NichNas Moshe Rabbeinu LeToch ToCho Shel Kol Adam MiYisroel. This, he writes, is the basis of people having/writing ChiDuShim.

Although "any ḥiddush (novel idea) which a reputable disciple will ever come up with was already given to Moses by Sinai,"^[12] in one rabbi's understanding of a particular ruling, he wrote: "I have always understood Rabbi Feinstein to be insisting on a balance between innovation and tradition.^[13]

Ḥiddushim are the ongoing results of a process^[10]^[14] and, as a form of K’vod Hatorah, we're required not to forget them. New ways to recall what we learn can be a form of ḥiddush.^[15]

Rulings vs. understanding

There is a difference between issuing a ruling, meaning to "distinguish the case at hand from the precident (sic)... to solve a problem,"^[13]^{: footnotes 4 & 5} and an understanding of something. Even in the latter case, he writes "What Rabbi Feinstein means is that one should not be innovative (mechadesh) just to innovate."

Although it is a Torah command for Kohanim to bless the people, there might be a ḥiddush whether it is obligatory upon those who are not Kohanim to make themselves available to receive these blessings.^[16]

Can always be new? Psalm (27:4) has King David asking that he "dwell.. and visit.." Which is it? Rabbi Yissocher Frand explains the experience as "The Pitfall of Consistency: Been There, Done That."^[17] This question is so important that it is a notable part of what many add to the daily prayer service, "twice daily from Rosh Chodesh Elul until Shemini Atzeret".^[18]

Forms of ḥiddush

Notarikon

One form is called Notarikon.^[19]

Shabbat (שַׁבָּת), the Sabbath, is a day of rest. The word is spelled with 3 Hebrew letters.
The Notarikon of the three-word phrase "Shayna b'Shabbat Taanug" (שינה בשבת תענוג) (translation: "(Extra) Sleep on Shabbat is considered a Delight!") spells Shabbat (שַׁבָּת).^[20]^[21]

By itself it might seem like at best a minor ḥiddush. When published amidst a collection of many other such 3-word phrases about the day of rest, the title has justified use of the plural form: ḥiddushim.

Gematria

Another is finding a Gematria.^[22]^[23]

Lechadesh (to renew)

The above term^[24] points to a need for something "old" to be seen in a new light.^[25] A multi-volume commentary on Mesillas Yesharim^[26] compares and contrasts this to emotional insight, a type of Chidush where "something which is novel emotionally" illuminates the value of an idea one already knew intellectually, and brings "a new internalization".

History

Among the first post-Geonic writers of ḥiddushim^[10]^{: pp.465–466} are:

Joseph ibn Migash wrote the first published cḥidushim incorporating commentaries on halakha in the Talmud^[27]
Abraham ben David de Posquières (RABaD)
Meir ben Todros HaLevi Abulafia (c. 1170 – 1244)
Nachmanides was the first to write ḥiddushim on the Chumash.^[27]

By the late sixteenth century, with printing an established technology, hair-splitting distinctions into the treatment of halakic-Talmudic themes became more frequent,^[27] with ḥiddush-driven works such as those by:

Rabbi Meir Lublin, MaHaRam,^[28] author of Chiddushe Maharam Lublin
Solomon Luria ("MaHaRSHaL")
Rabbi Samuel Eliezer Edels ("MeHaRSHA")

A counter-intuitive use of the term was the Chasam Sofer's novel interpretation of the phrase Chadash asur min haTorah, ("'new' is forbidden by the Torah"). The phrase as originally used is regarding the laws of keeping kosher, whereas his use was regarding changes being made by the Reform movement in Europe: it was a way of saying no—but using a pun.^[29]

Current usage

In its regular, contemporary, use, ḥiddush means a novel or innovative (or unusual) idea or point;^[30]^[8] examples:

"I once learned a very useful chidush (novel idea) in the name of Harav Moshe Feinstein zt"l, concerning ..."^[31]
"He is famous for his original insights on ..." (review: Rabbi Dovid Feinstein - Kol Dodi On Torah)^[32]

and similarly, book titles may be of the following form:

The work known as Chidushei HaRim, uses the Hebrew word ḥiddushei in the possessive form, and means "ḥiddushim of"
thus, an English language form is "ḥiddushim of (name of person)", with translation "Novellae of...".

Ḥiddush has to some extent become assimilated into American English;^[33] and the word—particularly in "Yinglish"—is also commonly used in an ironic or humorous fashion, so as to imply that the statement in question is "nothing new".

Notes

^ Often translated into English as novellae. Also transliterated as chiddush, chidush or hidush.

References

^ Olitzky, Kerry; Isaacs, Ronald (May 1996). A Glossary of Jewish Life. Jason Aronson. ISBN 978-1568219653.
^ "Creative interpretation" is how Rav Joseph B. Soloveitchik cites Rav Chaim of Volozhin, https://consistentlyunderconstruction.wordpress.com/category/torah-musings/page/3
^ "Chiddushim in a sentence - chiddushim sentence".
^ "CAL-02 – Iyar – Pesach Sheni – Yahrzeit of Rabbi Meir Baal HaNess | BreslovTorah.com". Archived from the original on 2017-08-20. Retrieved 2017-08-20.
^ Levi, Leo (November 1990). "Chidush (Innovation)". Torah Study: A Survey of Classic Sources on Timely Issues (1st ed.). ALPHA. ISBN 978-0873065559.
^ Blech, Benjamin (September 2003). "Chapter 9: The Later Voices of Judaism". The Complete Idiot's Guide to Understanding Judaism (2nd ed.). Feldheim. ISBN 978-1592571314.
^ Sinclair, Rabbi Julian. "Chiddush", The Jewish Chronicle, November 5, 2008. Accessed January 31, 2017. "Rabbi Joseph Soloveitchik (1903-93) distinguishes between chiddush, innovation within a tradition, and shinui, change which represents a sharp break from tradition. In Rabbi Soloveitchik's view, chiddush is an aspect of imitatio Dei (imitation of God). Through it we become creative partners with God in the unfolding of the Torah's meanings. On the other hand, shinui, which is not deeply rooted in traditional knowledge, risks becoming subjective and arbitrary."
^ ^a ^b Glinert, Lewis (November 1993). The Joys of Hebrew. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195086683.
^ in his Sefer HaMilhamot
^ ^a ^b ^c Encyclopaedia Judaica. Jerusalem Israel: Keter Publishing House Ltd. 1972.
^ a 5 volume set by Rabbi Alexander Zusia Friedman
^ Silberberg, Naftali. "How Is the Torah Interpreted?". Retrieved 2017-02-07.
^ ^a ^b Broyde, Michael J. (10 August 2008). "The Role of Chiddush: The View of One Paragraph in Iggerot Moshe ..." Retrieved 2017-02-08.
^ "the results of a method of study of rabbinical literature which derives new ideas from talmudic and also rabbinic texts, in order to clarify halakhah."
^ Rav Avigdor Nebenzahl, "Parshas Ki Savo". Archived from the original on 2017-02-11. talks of tapes, CDs, notebooks summarized with indexes, indexes of accumulated notebooks, folders, "files on computers".
^ Friedman, Ephraim. "The Role of the Yisroel" (PDF). Retrieved 2007-02-08. "One of the G’dolei Achronim who introduces this concept is the Hafloah (Rav Pinchas Horowitz zt’l, Rebi of the Chasam Sofer) in his chidushim to Meseches Kesuvos 24b. He maintains, that although the Torah is only explicit in commanding the Kohanim to deliver the brochos, since the mitzva can not be performed without the participation of the Yisroelim
^ "Rabbi Frand on Parshas Pinchas". Archived from the original on 2017-02-11. Retrieved 2007-02-08.
^ "Elul - L'David". 17 August 2010. Retrieved 2017-02-12.
^ As defined in the Jewish Encyclopedia of 1906, "A system of shorthand consisting in either simply abbreviating the words or in writing only one letter of each word. This system…was said by the Talmudists to have existed as early as the time of Moses; and they held that the latter used it in the composition of the Pentateuch. The law concerning noṭariḳon is the thirtieth of the thirty-two hermeneutic rules laid down by Eliezer b. Jose ha-Gelili for the interpretation of the Bible.” (http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/11602-notarikon)."
^ source: Dayan I. Grunfeld
^ "Remember the Day of Shabbat". Retrieved 2017-02-12.
^ There's more than one way, not all of them correct. "Inventing Your Own [False] Gematrias". you need a mesorah for gematria
^ This doesn't take away from one said at a Sheva Brachos, if done well: "so long as it fits with a real idea/source/Halacha"
^ as used by a discussion group, discussing Mesillat Yesharim
^ From Mishnat Rebi Aharon 1:203 within http://judaism.stackexchange.com/questions/28738/what-is-the-importance-of-chiddush
^ http://dixieyid.blogspot.com/2009/03/three-types-of-chiddushim-novel-ideas.html, citing Bilvavi Mishkan Evneh, volume 5, Pirkei Avodah U'Machshava
^ ^a ^b ^c Jewish Encyclopedia, 1906, Public Domain. Retrieved 2017-02-12.
^ not to be confused with MaHaRam of Rottenberg
^ "YUTorah Online - Chatam Sofer on the Meaning of "Chadash Assur Min HaTorah" (Rabbi Elli Fischer)". 2 April 2024.
^ Pava, Moses (April 2003). Leading With Meaning: Using Covenantal Leadership to Build a Better Organization. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 978-1403961327.
^ "Atlanta Scholars Kollel: Articles". Archived from the original on 2017-01-10. Retrieved 2017-02-13.
^ "Rabbi David Feinstein - Kol Dodi On Torah". Archived from the original on 2017-02-14. Retrieved 2017-02-13.
^ "Professor to speak on Yiddish's influence on the English language". Jewish News - Your Community Weekly Serving Greater Phoenix & Northern Arizona. 30 November 2016. Sarah Bunin Benor, associate professor of Contemporary Jewish Studies at Hebrew Union College–Jewish Institute of Religion and adjunct associate professor of linguistics at the University of Southern California, will speak on 'Chutzpah to Chidush: A Century of Yiddish-Influenced English in America'

External links

[1] Often translated into English as novellae. Also transliterated as chiddush, chidush or hidush.

[2] Olitzky, Kerry; Isaacs, Ronald (May 1996). A Glossary of Jewish Life. Jason Aronson. ISBN 978-1568219653.

[3] "Creative interpretation" is how Rav Joseph B. Soloveitchik cites Rav Chaim of Volozhin, https://consistentlyunderconstruction.wordpress.com/category/torah-musings/page/3

[4] "Chiddushim in a sentence - chiddushim sentence".

[5] "CAL-02 – Iyar – Pesach Sheni – Yahrzeit of Rabbi Meir Baal HaNess | BreslovTorah.com". Archived from the original on 2017-08-20. Retrieved 2017-08-20.

[6] Levi, Leo (November 1990). "Chidush (Innovation)". Torah Study: A Survey of Classic Sources on Timely Issues (1st ed.). ALPHA. ISBN 978-0873065559.

[7] Blech, Benjamin (September 2003). "Chapter 9: The Later Voices of Judaism". The Complete Idiot's Guide to Understanding Judaism (2nd ed.). Feldheim. ISBN 978-1592571314.

[8] Sinclair, Rabbi Julian. "Chiddush", The Jewish Chronicle, November 5, 2008. Accessed January 31, 2017. "Rabbi Joseph Soloveitchik (1903-93) distinguishes between chiddush, innovation within a tradition, and shinui, change which represents a sharp break from tradition. In Rabbi Soloveitchik's view, chiddush is an aspect of imitatio Dei (imitation of God). Through it we become creative partners with God in the unfolding of the Torah's meanings. On the other hand, shinui, which is not deeply rooted in traditional knowledge, risks becoming subjective and arbitrary."

[JoysofHebrew-9] Glinert, Lewis (November 1993). The Joys of Hebrew. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195086683.

[10] s Sefer HaMilhamot

[E.Jud72-11] Encyclopaedia Judaica. Jerusalem Israel: Keter Publishing House Ltd. 1972.

[12] 5 volume set by Rabbi Alexander Zusia Friedman

[13] Silberberg, Naftali. "How Is the Torah Interpreted?". Retrieved 2017-02-07.

[Atlanta-14] Broyde, Michael J. (10 August 2008). "The Role of Chiddush: The View of One Paragraph in Iggerot Moshe ..." Retrieved 2017-02-08.

[15] "the results of a method of study of rabbinical literature which derives new ideas from talmudic and also rabbinic texts, in order to clarify halakhah."

[16] Rav Avigdor Nebenzahl, "Parshas Ki Savo". Archived from the original on 2017-02-11. talks of tapes, CDs, notebooks summarized with indexes, indexes of accumulated notebooks, folders, "files on computers".

[17] Friedman, Ephraim. "The Role of the Yisroel" (PDF). Retrieved 2007-02-08. "One of the G’dolei Achronim who introduces this concept is the Hafloah (Rav Pinchas Horowitz zt’l, Rebi of the Chasam Sofer) in his chidushim to Meseches Kesuvos 24b. He maintains, that although the Torah is only explicit in commanding the Kohanim to deliver the brochos, since the mitzva can not be performed without the participation of the Yisroelim

[18] "Rabbi Frand on Parshas Pinchas". Archived from the original on 2017-02-11. Retrieved 2007-02-08.

[19] "Elul - L'David". 17 August 2010. Retrieved 2017-02-12.

[20] As defined in the Jewish Encyclopedia of 1906, "A system of shorthand consisting in either simply abbreviating the words or in writing only one letter of each word. This system…was said by the Talmudists to have existed as early as the time of Moses; and they held that the latter used it in the composition of the Pentateuch. The law concerning noṭariḳon is the thirtieth of the thirty-two hermeneutic rules laid down by Eliezer b. Jose ha-Gelili for the interpretation of the Bible.” (http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/11602-notarikon)."

[21] source: Dayan I. Grunfeld

[22] "Remember the Day of Shabbat". Retrieved 2017-02-12.

[23] There's more than one way, not all of them correct. "Inventing Your Own [False] Gematrias". you need a mesorah for gematria

[24] This doesn't take away from one said at a Sheva Brachos, if done well: "so long as it fits with a real idea/source/Halacha"

[25] s used by a discussion group, discussing Mesillat Yesharim

[26] From Mishnat Rebi Aharon 1:203 within http://judaism.stackexchange.com/questions/28738/what-is-the-importance-of-chiddush

[27] ttps://dixieyid.blogspot.com/2009/03/three-types-of-chiddushim-novel-ideas.html, citing Bilvavi Mishkan Evneh, volume 5, Pirkei Avodah U'Machshava

[J.Enc1906-28] Jewish Encyclopedia, 1906, Public Domain. Retrieved 2017-02-12.

[29] t to be confused with MaHaRam of Rottenberg

[30] "YUTorah Online - Chatam Sofer on the Meaning of "Chadash Assur Min HaTorah" (Rabbi Elli Fischer)". 2 April 2024.

[31] Pava, Moses (April 2003). Leading With Meaning: Using Covenantal Leadership to Build a Better Organization. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 978-1403961327.

[32] "Atlanta Scholars Kollel: Articles". Archived from the original on 2017-01-10. Retrieved 2017-02-13.

[33] "Rabbi David Feinstein - Kol Dodi On Torah". Archived from the original on 2017-02-14. Retrieved 2017-02-13.

[34] "Professor to speak on Yiddish's influence on the English language". Jewish News - Your Community Weekly Serving Greater Phoenix & Northern Arizona. 30 November 2016. Sarah Bunin Benor, associate professor of Contemporary Jewish Studies at Hebrew Union College–Jewish Institute of Religion and adjunct associate professor of linguistics at the University of Southern California, will speak on 'Chutzpah to Chidush: A Century of Yiddish-Influenced English in America'

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{short description|Novel interpretation or approach to something}}
-{{For|the name of an organization founded in 2009|Hiddush}}
+{{For|the name of an organization founded in 2009|Hiddush (organization)}}
-'''Chidush''' ({{lang-he-n|חִדּוּשׁ}}; also [[Hebrew transliteration|transliterated]] as '''chiddush''', '''hiddush''' or '''hidush'''), sometimes used in its plural form, '''chidushim''' ({{lang-he-n|חִדּוּשׁים}}), is a novel interpretation or approach to something.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Olitzky |first1=Kerry |last2=Isaacs |first2=Ronald |title=A Glossary of Jewish Life |publisher=Jason Aronson |date=May 1996 |isbn=978-1568219653}}</ref><ref>"Creative interpretation" is how Rav [[Joseph B. Soloveitchik]] cites Rav [[Chaim of Volozhin]],https://consistentlyunderconstruction.wordpress.com/category/torah-musings/page/3</ref>
+In [[Rabbinic literature]], '''ḥiddush''' ({{langx|he|חִדּוּשׁ}}; plural '''ḥiddushim''', {{langx|he|חִדּוּשׁים}}){{notetag|Often translated into English as '''[[wikt:novellae#Noun|novellae]]'''. Also [[Hebrew transliteration|transliterated]] as '''chiddush''', '''chidush''' or '''hidush'''.}} refers to a novel interpretation or approach to previously-existing ideas or works.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Olitzky |first1=Kerry |last2=Isaacs |first2=Ronald |title=A Glossary of Jewish Life |publisher=Jason Aronson |date=May 1996 |isbn=978-1568219653}}</ref><ref>"Creative interpretation" is how Rav [[Joseph B. Soloveitchik]] cites Rav [[Chaim of Volozhin]], https://consistentlyunderconstruction.wordpress.com/category/torah-musings/page/3</ref>
-Historically referring to Torah topics,<ref>https://eng.ichacha.net/zaoju/chiddushim.html</ref><ref>https://www.breslovtorah.com/shiurim/cal-02-iyar-pesach-sheni-yahrzeit-rabbi-meir-baal-haness</ref> the term is widely used in [[rabbinic literature]]<ref>{{cite book |last=Levi |first=Leo |title=Torah Study: A Survey of Classic Sources on Timely Issues |publisher=ALPHA |edition=1st |date=November 1990 |chapter=Chidush (Innovation) |isbn=978-0873065559}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Blech |first=Benjamin |title=The Complete Idiot's Guide to Understanding Judaism |publisher=Feldheim |edition=2nd |date=September 2003 |chapter=Chapter 9: The Later Voices of Judaism |isbn=978-1592571314}}</ref> to describe a form of innovation that is made inside the system of the [[halakha]], as distinguished from [[shinuy]], an innovation outside tradition.<ref>Sinclair, Rabbi Julian. [https://www.thejc.com/judaism/jewish-words/chiddush-1.5946 "Chiddush"], ''[[The Jewish Chronicle]]'', November 5, 2008. Accessed January 31, 2017. "Rabbi Joseph Soloveitchik (1903-93) distinguishes between chiddush, innovation within a tradition, and shinui, change which represents a sharp break from tradition. In Rabbi Soloveitchik's view, chiddush is an aspect of imitatio Dei (imitation of God). Through it we become creative partners with God in the unfolding of the Torah's meanings. On the other hand, shinui, which is not deeply rooted in traditional knowledge, risks becoming subjective and arbitrary."</ref>
+The term often describes a form of innovation that is made inside the system of ''[[Halakha]]'', as distinguished from ''[[shinuy]]'', an innovation outside tradition.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://eng.ichacha.net/zaoju/chiddushim.html|title=Chiddushim in a sentence - chiddushim sentence}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.breslovtorah.com/shiurim/cal-02-iyar-pesach-sheni-yahrzeit-rabbi-meir-baal-haness |title=CAL-02 – Iyar – Pesach Sheni – Yahrzeit of Rabbi Meir Baal HaNess &#124; BreslovTorah.com |access-date=2017-08-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820164903/https://www.breslovtorah.com/shiurim/cal-02-iyar-pesach-sheni-yahrzeit-rabbi-meir-baal-haness/ |archive-date=2017-08-20 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Levi |first=Leo |title=Torah Study: A Survey of Classic Sources on Timely Issues |publisher=ALPHA |edition=1st |date=November 1990 |chapter=Chidush (Innovation) |isbn=978-0873065559}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Blech |first=Benjamin |title=The Complete Idiot's Guide to Understanding Judaism |publisher=Feldheim |edition=2nd |date=September 2003 |chapter=Chapter 9: The Later Voices of Judaism |isbn=978-1592571314}}</ref><ref>Sinclair, Rabbi Julian. [https://www.thejc.com/judaism/jewish-words/chiddush-1.5946 "Chiddush"], ''[[The Jewish Chronicle]]'', November 5, 2008. Accessed January 31, 2017. "Rabbi Joseph Soloveitchik (1903-93) distinguishes between chiddush, innovation within a tradition, and shinui, change which represents a sharp break from tradition. In Rabbi Soloveitchik's view, chiddush is an aspect of imitatio Dei (imitation of God). Through it we become creative partners with God in the unfolding of the Torah's meanings. On the other hand, shinui, which is not deeply rooted in traditional knowledge, risks becoming subjective and arbitrary."</ref>
 ==Etymology==
-{{em|Chidush}} comes from the Hebrew root word {{em|chadash}} ({{lang-he-n|חדש}}), meaning {{em|new}}. The usage of the word in this context originated from the language of [[Talmudic]] analysis and argumentation in the [[Gemara]].<ref name="JoysofHebrew">{{cite book |last=Glinert |first=Lewis |title=The Joys of Hebrew |publisher=Oxford University Press |date=November 1993 |isbn=978-0195086683}}</ref> It passed into [[Yiddish]], where it is at times used informally.
+{{em|Ḥiddush}} comes from the Hebrew root {{Lang|he|ח-ד-שׁ}}, meaning {{em|new}}. The usage of the word in this context originated from the language of [[Talmudic]] analysis and argumentation in the [[Gemara]].<ref name="JoysofHebrew">{{cite book |last=Glinert |first=Lewis |title=The Joys of Hebrew |publisher=Oxford University Press |date=November 1993 |isbn=978-0195086683 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/joysofhebrew00glin_0 }}</ref> It passed into [[Yiddish]], where it is at times used informally.
 ==In rabbinic literature==
-[[Nachmanides]] states<ref>in his ''Sefer HaMilhamot''</ref> that it is an "obligation imposed upon us to search through the subjects of the [[Torah]] and the precepts and bring to light their hidden contents."<ref name=E.Jud72>{{cite book|title=Encyclopaedia Judaica
+[[Nachmanides]] states<ref>in his ''Sefer HaMilhamot''</ref> that it is an "obligation imposed upon us to search through the subjects of the [[Torah]] and the precepts and bring to light their hidden contents".<ref name=E.Jud72>{{cite book|title=Encyclopaedia Judaica
 |publisher=Keter Publishing House Ltd|location=Jerusalem Israel|date=1972}}</ref>
-What "powers" Chidushim? MaaYana Shel Torah<ref>a 5 volume set by Rabbi [[Alexander Zusia Friedman]]</ref> asks regarding "VaYayLech Moshe" (31:1) - where did he go? and answers that he went into everyone: ''NichNas Moshe Rabbeinu LeToch ToCho Shel Kol Adam MiYisroel.'' This, he writes, is the basis of people having/writing ChiDuShim.
+What "powers" ḥiddushim? ''MaaYana Shel Torah''<ref>a 5 volume set by Rabbi [[Alexander Zusia Friedman]]</ref> asks regarding "VaYayLech Moshe" (31:1)—where did he go? and answers that he went into everyone: ''NichNas Moshe Rabbeinu LeToch ToCho Shel Kol Adam MiYisroel.'' This, he writes, is the basis of people having/writing ChiDuShim.
-Although "any chiddush (novel idea) which a reputable disciple will ever come up with was already given to Moses by Sinai,"<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/819698/jewish/How-Is-the-Torah-Interpreted.htm|title=How Is the Torah Interpreted?|last=Silberberg |first=Naftali |accessdate=2017-02-07}}</ref> in one [[rabbi]]'s understanding of a particular ruling, he wrote: "I have always understood Rabbi Feinstein to be insisting on a balance between innovation and tradition.<ref name=Atlanta>{{cite web|url=http://hirhurim.blogspot.com/2008/08/role-of-chiddush.html|title=The Role of Chiddush: The View of One Paragraph in Iggerot Moshe ...|last=Broyde |first=Michael J.|accessdate=2017-02-08}}</ref>
+Although "any ''ḥiddush'' (novel idea) which a reputable disciple will ever come up with was already given to Moses by Sinai,"<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/819698/jewish/How-Is-the-Torah-Interpreted.htm|title=How Is the Torah Interpreted?|last=Silberberg |first=Naftali |accessdate=2017-02-07}}</ref> in one [[rabbi]]'s understanding of a particular ruling, he wrote: "I have always understood Rabbi Feinstein to be insisting on a balance between innovation and tradition.<ref name=Atlanta>{{cite web|url=http://hirhurim.blogspot.com/2008/08/role-of-chiddush.html|title=The Role of Chiddush: The View of One Paragraph in Iggerot Moshe ...|last=Broyde |first=Michael J.|date=10 August 2008|accessdate=2017-02-08}}</ref>
-Chidushim are the ongoing results of a process<ref name=E.Jud72/><ref>"the results of a method of study of rabbinical literature which derives new ideas from talmudic and also rabbinic texts, in order to clarify halakhah."</ref> and, as a form of [[Kavod HaTorah]], we're required not to forget them. New ways to recall what we learn can be a form of chidush.<ref>Rav [[Avigdor Nebenzahl]], {{cite web
+''Ḥiddushim'' are the ongoing results of a process<ref name=E.Jud72/><ref>"the results of a method of study of rabbinical literature which derives new ideas from talmudic and also rabbinic texts, in order to clarify halakhah."</ref> and, as a form of [[Kavod HaTorah|K’vod Hatorah]], we're required not to forget them. New ways to recall what we learn can be a form of ''ḥiddush''.<ref>Rav [[Avigdor Nebenzahl]], {{cite web
 |url=http://machal.michlalah.edu/divrei_torah/Dvorim_Ginsburg/Parshas%20KiTavo5771.doc
+|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211155645/http://machal.michlalah.edu/divrei_torah/Dvorim_Ginsburg/Parshas%20KiTavo5771.doc
-|title=Parshas Ki Savo}} talks of tapes, CDs, notebooks summarized with indexes, indexes of accumulated notebooks, folders, "files on computers."</ref>
+|url-status=dead
+|archive-date=2017-02-11
+|title=Parshas Ki Savo
+}} talks of tapes, CDs, notebooks summarized with indexes, indexes of accumulated notebooks, folders, "files on computers".</ref>
 ===Rulings vs. understanding===
 There is a difference between issuing a ruling, meaning to "distinguish the case at hand from the precident (sic)... to solve a problem,"<ref name=Atlanta/>{{rp|footnotes 4 & 5}} and an understanding of something.  Even in the latter case, he writes "What Rabbi Feinstein means is that one should not be innovative (''mechadesh'') just to innovate."
-* Although it is a Torah command for Kohanim to bless the people, there might be a chidush whether it is obligatory upon those who are not Kohanim to make themselves available to receive these blessings.<ref>{{cite web
+* Although it is a Torah command for Kohanim to bless the people, there might be a ''ḥiddush'' whether it is obligatory upon those who are not Kohanim to make themselves available to receive these blessings.<ref>{{cite web
 |url=http://www.cckollel.org/parsha_encounters/5768/behaloscha.pdf
 |title=The Role of the Yisroel
 |last=Friedman |first=Ephraim |accessdate=2007-02-08}} "One of the G’dolei Achronim who introduces this concept is the Hafloah (Rav Pinchas Horowitz zt’l, Rebi of the Chasam Sofer) in his chidushim to Meseches Kesuvos 24b. He maintains, that although the Torah is only explicit in commanding the Kohanim to deliver the brochos, since the mitzva can not be performed without the participation of the Yisroelim</ref>
-* Can ''always'' be ''new''? Psalm (27:4) has King David asking that he "dwell.. and visit.." Which is it? Rabbi Yissocher Frand explains the experience as "The Pitfall of Consistency: Been There, Done That."<ref>{{cite web
+* Can ''always'' be ''new''? Psalm (27:4) has King David asking that he "dwell.. and visit.." Which is it? Rabbi Yissocher Frand explains the experience as "The Pitfall of Consistency: Been There, Done That."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.torah.org.il/learning/ravfrand/5757/pinchas.html?print=1|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211155533/http://www.torah.org.il/learning/ravfrand/5757/pinchas.html?print=1|url-status=dead|archive-date=2017-02-11|title=Rabbi Frand on Parshas Pinchas|accessdate=2007-02-08}}</ref> This question is so important that it is a notable part of what many add to the daily prayer service, "twice daily from Rosh Chodesh Elul until [[Shemini Atzeret]]".<ref>{{cite web
-|url=http://www.torah.org.il/learning/ravfrand/5757/pinchas.html?print=1
-|title=Rabbi Frand on Parshas Pinchas|accessdate=2007-02-08}}</ref> This question is so important that it is a notable part of what many add to the daily prayer service, "twice daily from Rosh Chodesh Elul until [[Shemini Atzeret]]."<ref>{{cite web
 |url=http://www.torahmusings.com/2010/08/elul-ldavid
-|title=Elul - L'David|accessdate=2017-02-12}}</ref>
+|title=Elul - L'David|date=17 August 2010|accessdate=2017-02-12}}</ref>
-==Forms of chidush==
+==Forms of ''ḥiddush''==
-===Nutrikon===
+===Notarikon===
+One form is called '''[[Notarikon]].'''<ref>As defined in the Jewish Encyclopedia of 1906, "A system of shorthand consisting in either simply abbreviating the words or in writing only one letter of each word. This system…was said by the Talmudists to have existed as early as the time of Moses; and they held that the latter used it in the composition of the Pentateuch. The law concerning noṭariḳon is the thirtieth of the thirty-two hermeneutic rules laid down by Eliezer b. Jose ha-Gelili for the interpretation of the Bible.” (http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/11602-notarikon)."
-One form is called '''[[Notarikon|Nutrikon]].'''<ref>an example of such usage is the statement
-"[[Yaakov ben Asher|Baal HaTurim]] takes the word and makes it an acronym (NUTRIKON) for ..." (http:www.ttidbits.com/908/908.txt)."
 </ref>
-: [[Shabbat]] (שַׁבָּת), the Sabbath, is a day of rest. The word is spelled with 3 Hebrew letters.<br/> The [[Notarikon|Nutrikon]] of the three word phrase  "Shayna b'Shabbat Taanug"  (שינה בשבת תענוג) (translation: "(Extra) Sleep on Shabbat is considered a Delight!") spells Shabbat (שַׁבָּת).<ref>source: [[Isidor Grunfeld|Dayan I. Grunfeld]]</ref><ref>{{cite web
+: [[Shabbat]] (שַׁבָּת), the Sabbath, is a day of rest. The word is spelled with 3 Hebrew letters.<br/> The [[Notarikon]] of the three-word phrase  "Shayna b'Shabbat Taanug"  (שינה בשבת תענוג) (translation: "(Extra) Sleep on Shabbat is considered a Delight!") spells Shabbat (שַׁבָּת).<ref>source: [[Isidor Grunfeld|Dayan I. Grunfeld]]</ref><ref>{{cite web
 |url=https://www.ou.org/holidays/shabbat/remember_the_day_of_shabbat
 |title=Remember the Day of Shabbat|accessdate=2017-02-12}}</ref>
-: By itself it might seem like at best a minor chidush. When published amidst a collection of many other such 3-word phrases about the day of rest, the title has justified use of the plural form: chidushim.
+: By itself it might seem like at best a minor ''ḥiddush''. When published amidst a collection of many other such 3-word phrases about the day of rest, the title has justified use of the plural form: ''ḥiddushim''.
-===Gimatria===
+===Gematria===
-Another is finding a [[Gimatria]].
+Another is finding a [[Gematria]].<ref>There's more than one way, not all of them correct. {{cite web
+|url=https://www.theyeshivaworld.com/coffeeroom/topic/inventing-your-own-false-gematrias
+|title=Inventing Your Own [False] Gematrias
+|quote=you need a mesorah for gematria}}</ref><ref>This doesn't take away from one said at a Sheva Brachos, if done well: "so long as it fits with a real idea/source/Halacha"</ref>
 ===Lechadesh (to renew)===
-The above term<ref>as used by a discussion group, discussing [[Mesillat Yesharim]]</ref> points to a need for something "old" to be seen in a new light.<ref>From Mishnat Rebi Aharon 1:203 within http://judaism.stackexchange.com/questions/28738/what-is-the-importance-of-chiddush</ref> A multi-volume commentary on [[Mesillat Yesharim|Mesillas Yesharim]]<ref>http://dixieyid.blogspot.com/2009/03/three-types-of-chiddushim-novel-ideas.html, citing Bilvavi Mishkan Evneh, volume 5, Pirkei Avodah U'Machshava</ref> compares and contrasts this to emotional insight, a type of Chidush where "something which is novel emotionally" illuminates the value of an idea one already knew intellectually, and brings "a new internalization."
+The above term<ref>as used by a discussion group, discussing [[Mesillat Yesharim]]</ref> points to a need for something "old" to be seen in a new light.<ref>From Mishnat Rebi Aharon 1:203 within http://judaism.stackexchange.com/questions/28738/what-is-the-importance-of-chiddush</ref> A multi-volume commentary on [[Mesillat Yesharim|Mesillas Yesharim]]<ref>http://dixieyid.blogspot.com/2009/03/three-types-of-chiddushim-novel-ideas.html, citing Bilvavi Mishkan Evneh, volume 5, Pirkei Avodah U'Machshava</ref> compares and contrasts this to emotional insight, a type of Chidush where "something which is novel emotionally" illuminates the value of an idea one already knew intellectually, and brings "a new internalization".
 ==History==
-Among the first post-[[Geonim|Geonic]] writers of chidushim<ref name=E.Jud72/>{{rp|pp.465–466}} are:
+Among the first post-[[Geonim|Geonic]] writers of ''ḥiddushim''<ref name=E.Jud72/>{{rp|pp.465–466}} are:
 * [[Joseph ibn Migash]] wrote the first published cḥidushim incorporating commentaries on [[halakha]] in the [[Talmud]]<ref name=J.Enc1906>{{cite book
 |url=http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/7682-hiddushim
@@ Line 57: / Line 62: @@
 * [[Abraham ben David|Abraham ben David de Posquières]] (RABaD)
 * [[Meir Abulafia|Meir ben Todros HaLevi Abulafia]] (c. 1170 – 1244)
-* [[Nachmanides]] was the first to write chidushim on the [[Chumash (Judaism)|Chumash]].<ref name=J.Enc1906/>
+* [[Nachmanides]] was the first to write ''ḥiddushim'' on the [[Chumash (Judaism)|Chumash]].<ref name=J.Enc1906/>
-By the late sixteenth century, with printing an established technology, hair-splitting distinctions into the treatment of [[halakah|halakic]]-[[Talmud]]ic themes became more frequent,<ref name=J.Enc1906/> with chidush-driven works such as those by:
+By the late sixteenth century, with printing an established technology, hair-splitting distinctions into the treatment of [[halakah|halakic]]-[[Talmud]]ic themes became more frequent,<ref name=J.Enc1906/> with ''ḥiddush''-driven works such as those by:
 * [[Meir Lublin|Rabbi Meir Lublin, MaHaRam]],<ref>not to be confused with MaHaRam of Rottenberg</ref> author of Chiddushe Maharam Lublin
 * [[Solomon Luria]] ("MaHaRSHaL")
 * [[Maharsha|Rabbi Samuel Eliezer Edels ("MeHaRSHA")]]
-A counter-intuitive use of the term was the [[Moses Sofer|Chasam Sofer]]'s novel interpretation of the phrase '''[[Chadash]] asur min haTorah''', ("'new' is forbidden by the Torah").  The phrase as originally used is regarding the laws of keeping [[kosher]], whereas his use was regarding changes being made by the [[Reform movement in Judaism|Reform movement]] in Europe: it was a way of saying no - but using a pun.<ref>http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/857655/rabbi-elli-fischer/chatam-sofer-on-the-meaning-of-chadash-assur-min-hatorah-</ref>
+A counter-intuitive use of the term was the [[Moses Sofer|Chasam Sofer]]'s novel interpretation of the phrase '''[[Chadash]] asur min haTorah''', ("'new' is forbidden by the Torah").  The phrase as originally used is regarding the laws of keeping [[kosher]], whereas his use was regarding changes being made by the [[Reform movement in Judaism|Reform movement]] in Europe: it was a way of saying no—but using a pun.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/857655/rabbi-elli-fischer/chatam-sofer-on-the-meaning-of-chadash-assur-min-hatorah-|title = YUTorah Online - Chatam Sofer on the Meaning of "Chadash Assur Min HaTorah" (Rabbi Elli Fischer)| date=2 April 2024 }}</ref>
 ==Current usage==
-{{em|Chidush}} has become assimilated into [[American English]].<ref>{{cite news |date=30 November 2016 |title=Professor to speak on Yiddish’s influence on the English language |url=http://www.jewishaz.com/community/professor-to-speak-on-yiddish-s-influence-on-the-english/article_9807729a-b713-11e6-8eb2-c39165fc62c7.html |website=Jewish News - Your Community Weekly Serving Greater Phoenix & Northern Arizona |quote=Sarah Bunin Benor, associate professor of Contemporary Jewish Studies at Hebrew Union College–Jewish Institute of Religion and adjunct associate professor of linguistics at the University of Southern California, will speak on 'Chutzpah to Chidush: A Century of Yiddish-Influenced English in America'}}</ref> In its regular use, it means an unusual or innovative idea or point,<ref>{{cite book |last=Pava |first=Moses |title=Leading With Meaning: Using Covenantal Leadership to Build a Better Organization |publisher=St. Martin's Press |date=April 2003 |isbn=978-1403961327}}</ref><ref name="JoysofHebrew" /> though the word is also commonly used in an ironic or humorous fashion, so as to imply that the statement in question is nothing new.
+In its regular, contemporary, use, {{em|ḥiddush}} means a novel or innovative (or unusual) idea or point;<ref>{{cite book |last=Pava |first=Moses |title=Leading With Meaning: Using Covenantal Leadership to Build a Better Organization |publisher=St. Martin's Press |date=April 2003 |isbn=978-1403961327}}</ref><ref name="JoysofHebrew" /> examples:
+* "I once learned a very useful ''chidush'' (novel idea) in the name of Harav [[Moshe Feinstein]] zt"l, concerning ..."<ref>{{cite web
+   |url=http://www.atlantakollel.org/article_detail.php?id=454&section=resources
+   |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170110094901/http://www.atlantakollel.org/article_detail.php?id=454&section=resources
+   |url-status=dead
+   |archive-date=2017-01-10
+   |title=Atlanta Scholars Kollel: Articles
+   |accessdate=2017-02-13
+   }}</ref>
+* "He is famous for his original insights on ..." (review: Rabbi [[Dovid Feinstein]] - Kol Dodi On Torah)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mostlymusic.com/products/rabbi-david-feinstein-kol-dodi-on-torah|title=Rabbi David Feinstein - Kol Dodi On Torah|accessdate=2017-02-13|archive-date=2017-02-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170214103003/https://mostlymusic.com/products/rabbi-david-feinstein-kol-dodi-on-torah|url-status=dead}}</ref>
+and similarly, book titles may be of the following form:
+* The work known as [[Yitzchak Meir Alter#Works|''Chidushei HaRim'']], uses the Hebrew word {{em|ḥiddushei}} in the possessive form, and means "ḥiddushim of"
+* thus, an English language form is  "''ḥiddushim'' of (name of person)", with translation "Novellae of...".
+{{em|Ḥiddush}} has to some extent become assimilated into [[American English]];<ref>{{cite news |date=30 November 2016 |title=Professor to speak on Yiddish's influence on the English language |website=Jewish News - Your Community Weekly Serving Greater Phoenix & Northern Arizona |url=http://www.jewishaz.com/community/professor-to-speak-on-yiddish-s-influence-on-the-english/article_9807729a-b713-11e6-8eb2-c39165fc62c7.html |quote=[[Sarah Bunin Benor]], associate professor of Contemporary Jewish Studies at Hebrew Union College–Jewish Institute of Religion and adjunct associate professor of linguistics at the University of Southern California, will speak on 'Chutzpah to Chidush: A Century of Yiddish-Influenced English in America'}}</ref> and the word—particularly in "[[Yinglish]]"—is also commonly used in an ironic or humorous fashion, so as to imply that the statement in question is "nothing new".
-Book titles may use the word:
-:* The work known as [[Yitzchak Meir Alter#Works|''Chidushei HaRim'']]
-::: uses the Hebrew word {{em|chidushei}} in the possessive form, and means chidushim of.
-:* Another form is
-:: (name of person): Chidushim or Chidushim of (name of person)
-==See also==
+==Notes==
+{{notefoot}}
-* [[Yiddish words used in English]]
 ==References==
@@ Line 83: / Line 96: @@
 ==External links==
 * [http://divreichaim.blogspot.com/2009/05/command-to-be-mechadesh-for-right.html The command to be mechadesh -- for the right reasons]
-* [http://judaism.stackexchange.com/questions/28738/what-is-the-importance-of-chiddush What is the importance of Chiddush]
+* [https://judaism.stackexchange.com/questions/28738/what-is-the-importance-of-chiddush What is the importance of Chiddush]
 * [http://www.rabbihorowitz.com/PYes/articleDetails.cfm?Book_ID=1799&ThisGroup_ID=238&Type=article Lessons from Rabbi Elazar ben Aruch]
+* [http://en.hidush.co.il/ CHIDDUSH - Online Beit Medrish]
+{{Jewish life}}
-[[Category:Hebrew words and phrases]]
+[[Category:Hebrew words and phrases in Jewish law]]
+[[Category:Jewish texts]]
 [[Category:Orthodox Judaism]]
-[[Category:Torah study]]
 [[Category:Rabbinic literature]]
+[[Category:Torah study]]

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