Jump to content

Germanwings Flight 9525: Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 44°16′50″N 6°26′20″E / 44.280682°N 6.438823°E / 44.280682; 6.438823
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
TAG.Odessa (talk | contribs)
2,122 edits
m →Crew: Patrick Sondheimer
Undid revision 654289986 by TAG.Odessa (talk) name still not officially released, sources still do not agree, see this talk
Line 149: Line 149:


===Crew===
===Crew===
The [[pilot in command]], Patrick Sondheimer,<ref name="sondenheimer">{{cite web|url=http://www.ibtimes.com/germanwings-flight-9525-pilot-patrick-sondenheimer-flew-airline-spend-more-time-1863548|title=Germanwings Flight 9525 Pilot Patrick Sondenheimer Flew With Airline To Spend More Time With Family: Report|date=2015-30-30|author=Bruce Wright|publisher=International Business Times}}</ref> had 10 years of flying experience (6000 flight hours)<ref name="avherald">{{cite web|title=Crash: Germanwings A320 near Barcelonnette on Mar 24th 2015, lost height and impacted terrain|url=http://avherald.com/h?article=483a5651|work=The Aviation Herald|accessdate=24 March 2015}}</ref> flying A320s with Germanwings, [[Lufthansa]] and [[Condor Flugdienst|Condor]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Sawer |first=Patrick |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/11496066/Andreas-Lubitz-hid-illness-Everything-we-know-on-Sunday-about-Germanwings-plane-crash-co-pilot.html |title=Andreas Lubitz: Everything we know on Sunday about Germanwings plane crash co-pilot |work=The Daily Telegraph |date=29 March 2015 |accessdate=29 March 2015}}</ref><ref name="bbc-whatweknow">{{cite web|title=Alps plane crash: What we know |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-32035121|publisher=BBC News|date=26 March 2015|accessdate=29 March 2015}}</ref>
The [[pilot in command]], whose name has not been officially released, had 10 years of flying experience (6000 flight hours)<ref name="avherald">{{cite web|title=Crash: Germanwings A320 near Barcelonnette on Mar 24th 2015, lost height and impacted terrain|url=http://avherald.com/h?article=483a5651|work=The Aviation Herald|accessdate=24 March 2015}}</ref> flying A320s with Germanwings, [[Lufthansa]] and [[Condor Flugdienst|Condor]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Sawer |first=Patrick |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/11496066/Andreas-Lubitz-hid-illness-Everything-we-know-on-Sunday-about-Germanwings-plane-crash-co-pilot.html |title=Andreas Lubitz: Everything we know on Sunday about Germanwings plane crash co-pilot |work=The Daily Telegraph |date=29 March 2015 |accessdate=29 March 2015}}</ref><ref name="bbc-whatweknow">{{cite web|title=Alps plane crash: What we know |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-32035121|publisher=BBC News|date=26 March 2015|accessdate=29 March 2015}}</ref>


The co-pilot was the 27-year-old [[First officer (aeronautics)|First Officer]] [[Andreas Lubitz]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/11496066/Andreas-Lubitz-and-Patrick-S-What-do-we-know-about-the-pilots-on-Germanwings-flight-4U9525.html|title=Andreas Lubitz and Patrick S: What do we know about the pilots on Germanwings flight 4U9525?|work=The Daily Telegraph|accessdate=26 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wsj.com/articles/germanwings-co-pilot-named-as-andreas-lubitz-1427370009|title=Germanwings Co-Pilot Named as Andreas Lubitz|work=The Wall Street Journal|publisher=Dow Jones & Co.|accessdate=26 March 2015}}</ref> Lubitz had taken time out from his pilot training in 2009;<ref name="guardianpress">{{cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2015/mar/26/germanwings-plane-crash-investigation-press-conference-live-updates-4u9525|title=Germanwings Plane Crash Investigation|date=26 March 2015|work=The Guardian|accessdate=26 March 2015}}</ref> an acquaintance of his said this was because he had suffered from [[Burnout (psychology)|burnout]] and [[Depression (mood)|depression]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/11496066/Andreas-Lubitz-and-Patrick-S-What-do-we-know-about-the-pilots-on-Germanwings-flight-4U9525.html|title=Andreas Lubitz: First picture of Germanwings pilot and what we know about him|work=The Daily Telegraph|accessdate=26 March 2015}}</ref> He had 630 flight hours of experience.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-32072220|title=Germanwings crash: Who was co-pilot Andreas Lubitz?|publisher=BBC News|accessdate=26 March 2015}}</ref> Lubitz was treated for depression in the past. Lubitz was suffering from an unspecified illness and a sick note for the day of the crash was found torn up in his flat. He had not revealed his illness to the airline or authorities.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-32087203|title=Germanwings crash: Co-pilot Lubitz 'hid illness'|publisher=BBC News|accessdate=27 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://uk.businessinsider.com/germanwings-co-pilot-andreas-lubitz-hid-illness-from-employers-2015-3|title=Germanwings co-pilot Andreas Lubitz hid illness from employers - Business Insider|date=27 March 2015|work=Business Insider|accessdate=27 March 2015}}</ref><ref name="Kauh27Mar15">{{cite news|url = http://www.avweb.com/avwebflash/news/Investigators-Germanwings-Co-pilot-Concealed-Medical-Treatment-223742-1.html|title = Investigators: Germanwings Co-pilot Concealed Medical Treatment|accessdate = 27 March 2015|last = Kauh |first = Elaine|date = 27 March 2015| work = AVweb}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/germanwings-flight-4u9525-co-pilot-andreas-lubitz-hid-illness-from-employer-1.3011724|title=Germanwings Flight 4U9525 co-pilot Andreas Lubitz 'hid illness' from employer|date=27 March 2015|publisher=[[CBC News]]|accessdate=27 March 2015}}</ref> On 28 March, two officials with knowledge of the investigation said that he had sought treatment for an eyesight problem. During the search of his apartment the police found antidepressants.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/29/world/europe/pilot-andreas-lubitz-sought-treatment-for-vision-problems-before-germanwings-crash-authorities-say.html|title=Germanwings Pilot Andreas Lubitz Sought Treatment for Vision Problems Before Crash, Authorities Say|work=[[The New York Times]]|accessdate=28 March 2015}}</ref> On 30 March, investigators in [[Dusseldorf]] revealed that Lubitz had been treated for suicidal tendencies several years before becoming a pilot.<ref>{{cite news|url = http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2015/03/30/396309456/germanwings-crash-search-crews-isolate-dna-seek-second-black-box |title = Germanwings Crash: Co-Pilot Was Treated For Suicidal Tendenciess |accessdate = 30 March 2015|last1 = Calamur |first1 = Krishnadev||last2 = Chappell |first2 = Bill|date = 30 March 2015| work = NPR}}</ref>
The co-pilot was the 27-year-old [[First officer (aeronautics)|First Officer]] [[Andreas Lubitz]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/11496066/Andreas-Lubitz-and-Patrick-S-What-do-we-know-about-the-pilots-on-Germanwings-flight-4U9525.html|title=Andreas Lubitz and Patrick S: What do we know about the pilots on Germanwings flight 4U9525?|work=The Daily Telegraph|accessdate=26 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wsj.com/articles/germanwings-co-pilot-named-as-andreas-lubitz-1427370009|title=Germanwings Co-Pilot Named as Andreas Lubitz|work=The Wall Street Journal|publisher=Dow Jones & Co.|accessdate=26 March 2015}}</ref> Lubitz had taken time out from his pilot training in 2009;<ref name="guardianpress">{{cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2015/mar/26/germanwings-plane-crash-investigation-press-conference-live-updates-4u9525|title=Germanwings Plane Crash Investigation|date=26 March 2015|work=The Guardian|accessdate=26 March 2015}}</ref> an acquaintance of his said this was because he had suffered from [[Burnout (psychology)|burnout]] and [[Depression (mood)|depression]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/11496066/Andreas-Lubitz-and-Patrick-S-What-do-we-know-about-the-pilots-on-Germanwings-flight-4U9525.html|title=Andreas Lubitz: First picture of Germanwings pilot and what we know about him|work=The Daily Telegraph|accessdate=26 March 2015}}</ref> He had 630 flight hours of experience.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-32072220|title=Germanwings crash: Who was co-pilot Andreas Lubitz?|publisher=BBC News|accessdate=26 March 2015}}</ref> Lubitz was treated for depression in the past. Lubitz was suffering from an unspecified illness and a sick note for the day of the crash was found torn up in his flat. He had not revealed his illness to the airline or authorities.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-32087203|title=Germanwings crash: Co-pilot Lubitz 'hid illness'|publisher=BBC News|accessdate=27 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://uk.businessinsider.com/germanwings-co-pilot-andreas-lubitz-hid-illness-from-employers-2015-3|title=Germanwings co-pilot Andreas Lubitz hid illness from employers - Business Insider|date=27 March 2015|work=Business Insider|accessdate=27 March 2015}}</ref><ref name="Kauh27Mar15">{{cite news|url = http://www.avweb.com/avwebflash/news/Investigators-Germanwings-Co-pilot-Concealed-Medical-Treatment-223742-1.html|title = Investigators: Germanwings Co-pilot Concealed Medical Treatment|accessdate = 27 March 2015|last = Kauh |first = Elaine|date = 27 March 2015| work = AVweb}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/germanwings-flight-4u9525-co-pilot-andreas-lubitz-hid-illness-from-employer-1.3011724|title=Germanwings Flight 4U9525 co-pilot Andreas Lubitz 'hid illness' from employer|date=27 March 2015|publisher=[[CBC News]]|accessdate=27 March 2015}}</ref> On 28 March, two officials with knowledge of the investigation said that he had sought treatment for an eyesight problem. During the search of his apartment the police found antidepressants.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/29/world/europe/pilot-andreas-lubitz-sought-treatment-for-vision-problems-before-germanwings-crash-authorities-say.html|title=Germanwings Pilot Andreas Lubitz Sought Treatment for Vision Problems Before Crash, Authorities Say|work=[[The New York Times]]|accessdate=28 March 2015}}</ref> On 30 March, investigators in [[Dusseldorf]] revealed that Lubitz had been treated for suicidal tendencies several years before becoming a pilot.<ref>{{cite news|url = http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2015/03/30/396309456/germanwings-crash-search-crews-isolate-dna-seek-second-black-box |title = Germanwings Crash: Co-Pilot Was Treated For Suicidal Tendenciess |accessdate = 30 March 2015|last1 = Calamur |first1 = Krishnadev||last2 = Chappell |first2 = Bill|date = 30 March 2015| work = NPR}}</ref>

Revision as of 05:13, 31 March 2015

Germanwings Flight 9525
D-AIPX, the aircraft involved in the incident, pictured in May 2014
Incident
Date24 March 2015 (2015-03-24)
SummarySuspected deliberate flight into terrain; under investigation
SitePrads-Haute-Bléone, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, France
44°16′50″N 6°26′20″E / 44.280682°N 6.438823°E / 44.280682; 6.438823[1]
Aircraft
Aircraft typeAirbus A320-200
OperatorGermanwings
RegistrationD-AIPX
Flight originBarcelona–El Prat Airport, Barcelona, Spain
DestinationDüsseldorf Airport, Düsseldorf, Germany
Passengers144[2]
Crew6[2][3]
Fatalities150 (all)[4]
Survivors0

Germanwings Flight 9525 (4U9525/GWI18G[5][a]) was a scheduled international passenger flight from Barcelona–El Prat Airport in Spain to Düsseldorf Airport in Germany, operated by Germanwings, a low-cost airline owned by Lufthansa.

On 24 March 2015, the aircraft, an Airbus A320-200, crashed 100 kilometres (62 mi) northwest of Nice, in the French Alps, after a constant descent that began one minute after the last routine contact with air traffic control and shortly after the aircraft had reached its assigned cruise altitude. All 144 passengers and six crew members were killed.

French and German prosecutors believe that the crash was intentionally caused by the co-pilot, 27-year-old Andreas Lubitz. Although he had been declared "unfit to work" and was hiding an illness from his employers, Lubitz reported for duty nonetheless, locking the captain out of the cockpit before initiating a descent that caused the plane to impact a mountain.

In response to the incident and the circumstances of Lubitz's involvement, aviation authorities in Canada, New Zealand, Germany and Australia implemented new regulations that require two authorized personnel to be present in the cockpit at all times.[6][7][8][9] Three days after the incident the European Aviation Safety Agency issued a temporary recommendation for airlines to ensure that at least two crew members, including at least one pilot, are in the cockpit at all times of the flight.[10] Several airlines announced they had already adopted similar policies voluntarily.[6][11][12][13]

Flight

Flight path

Flight 9525 took off from Runway 07R at Barcelona–El Prat Airport at 10:01 a.m. CET (09:01 UTC) and was due to arrive at Düsseldorf Airport by 11:39 CET.[2][14] The flight's scheduled departure time was 9:35 CET.[15]

The air traffic controller declared the aircraft in distress after the aircraft's descent and loss of radio contact.[16][17] According to the French national civil aviation inquiries bureau, the Bureau d'Enquêtes et d'Analyses pour la Sécurité de l'Aviation Civile (BEA; English: Bureau of Investigations and Analyses for the Security of Civil Aviation),[18] pilots confirmed instructions from French air traffic control at 10:30 CET. At 10:31 CET, after crossing the French coast near Toulon, the aircraft left its assigned cruising altitude of 38,000 feet (11,580 m) and without approval began a rapid descent.

Altitude chart (metres)

The descent time from 38,000 feet was about 10 minutes; radar observed an average descent rate of approximately 3,400 feet per minute or 58 feet per second (18 m/s).[19] Attempts by French air traffic control to contact the flight on the assigned radio frequency were not answered. A French military Mirage jet was scrambled from the Orange-Caritat Air Base to intercept the aircraft.[20][21] According to the BEA, radar contact was lost at 10:40 CET; at the time, the aircraft was flying at an altitude of 6,175 feet (1,882 m).[22] The aircraft crashed within the territory of the remote commune of Prads-Haute-Bléone, 100 kilometres (62 mi) northwest of Nice.[23][24][25][26]

The crash is the deadliest air disaster in France since the crash of Inex-Adria Aviopromet Flight 1308 in 1981, in which 180 people died, and the third-deadliest in France behind Flight 1308 and Turkish Airlines Flight 981.[27] This was the first major crash of a civil airliner in France since the crash of Air France Flight 4590 on takeoff from Charles de Gaulle Airport in 2000.[28] The crash is also the first loss of a Lufthansa-owned airliner during the cruising phase of flight.[29]

Crash site

The flight crashed in the Massif des Trois-Évêchés.

The crash site is within the Massif des Trois-Évêchés, three kilometres (1.9 mi) east of the settlement of Le Vernet and beyond the road to the Col de Mariaud, in an area known as the Ravin du Rosé.[30] The site is on the southern side of the Tête du Travers,[30][31] a minor peak at the lower western slopes of the Tête de l'Estrop. The site is approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) west of Mount Cimet, where Air France Flight 178 crashed in 1953.[32][33]

Gendarmerie nationale and Sécurité Civile sent helicopters to locate the wreckage.[34][35] The aircraft had disintegrated, the largest piece of wreckage being "the size of a car."[36] A helicopter landed near the site of the crash and confirmed that there were no survivors.[37] The search and rescue team reported that the debris field is two square kilometres (500 acres) in size.[25] The DGAC set up temporary flight restrictions in the area surrounding the crash site. Rescue efforts were suspended overnight by the French authorities to ensure the safety of the rescuers.[38]

Aircraft

The aircraft was a 24-year-old Airbus A320-211,[b] serial number 147, registered as D-AIPX. It first flew on 29 November 1990.[39] It was delivered to Lufthansa on 5 February 1991,[40][41] before being leased to Germanwings from 1 June 2003 until mid-2004.[42] It was then returned to Lufthansa on 22 July 2004 and remained with Lufthansa until 2014, during which time it was named Mannheim.[41][42] It was finally transferred to Germanwings on 31 January 2014.[41][42]

The aircraft had accumulated about 58,300 flight hours on 46,700 flights.[43] The original Design Service Goal (DSG) of the aircraft was 60,000 hours or 48,000 flights. In 2012, an optional Extended Service Goal (ESG1) was approved, extending the service life to 120,000 hours or 60,000 flights, provided that a required package of service and inspections was performed before the DSG was reached.[44]

Crew and passengers

People on board by nationality[45]
Nationality No. Ref.
 Germany[c] 70 [47]
 Spain 51 [48]
 Argentina 3 [49]
 Kazakhstan 3 [50]
 United Kingdom[d] 3 [53]
 United States 3 [54]
 Australia 2 [55]
 Colombia 2 [56]
 Iran 2 [57]
 Japan 2 [58]
 Mexico[e] 2 [60]
 Morocco 2 [61]
 Venezuela 2 [62]
 Belgium 1 [63]
 Chile 1 [64]
 Denmark 1 [65]
 Israel 1 [66]
 Netherlands 1 [67]
 Turkey 1 [68]
Total number of fatalities 150
Number of fatalities with multiple citizenships 4

There were 144 passengers, two pilots and four cabin crew on board, from at least 18 countries, mostly Germany and Spain.[45] The early count was confused by multiple citizenship.[69]

Crew

The pilot in command, whose name has not been officially released, had 10 years of flying experience (6000 flight hours)[23] flying A320s with Germanwings, Lufthansa and Condor.[70][71]

The co-pilot was the 27-year-old First Officer Andreas Lubitz.[72][73] Lubitz had taken time out from his pilot training in 2009;[74] an acquaintance of his said this was because he had suffered from burnout and depression.[75] He had 630 flight hours of experience.[76] Lubitz was treated for depression in the past. Lubitz was suffering from an unspecified illness and a sick note for the day of the crash was found torn up in his flat. He had not revealed his illness to the airline or authorities.[77][78][79][80] On 28 March, two officials with knowledge of the investigation said that he had sought treatment for an eyesight problem. During the search of his apartment the police found antidepressants.[81] On 30 March, investigators in Dusseldorf revealed that Lubitz had been treated for suicidal tendencies several years before becoming a pilot.[82]

Passengers

Among the passengers were 16 schoolchildren and two teachers from the Joseph-König-Gymnasium of Haltern am See, North Rhine-Westphalia. They were on their way home from a student exchange with the Giola Institute in Llinars del Vallès, Barcelona.[83] Haltern's mayor, Bodo Klimpel, has described it as "the darkest day in the history of [the] town."[84]

Bass-baritone Oleg Bryjak and contralto Maria Radner, singers with Deutsche Oper am Rhein, were also on the flight.[85][86]

Investigation

The Bureau d'Enquêtes et d'Analyses pour la Sécurité de l'Aviation Civile (BEA) opened an investigation into the crash, joined by its German counterpart, the Federal Bureau of Aircraft Accident Investigation (BFU), and assisted by the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).[87][88] On 24 March, the BEA sent seven investigators to the crash site, accompanied by representatives from Airbus and CFM International. The cockpit voice recorder (CVR) was recovered by rescue workers and was examined by the investigation team.[89][90] The recorder was damaged in the crash, but was still in a usable condition.[91] The BEA released photos of the CVR[92] and was able to extract a voice recording.[93]

Cause of crash

According to French and German prosecutors, the crash was intentional.[94][95][96] Marseille prosecutor Brice Robin said that co-pilot Andreas Lubitz, a 27-year-old German citizen, was initially courteous in the first part of the trip, then became "curt" when the pilot began the mid-flight briefing on the planned landing.[97] Robin said that when the pilot returned from a probable toilet break and tried to enter the cockpit, Lubitz had locked the door.[94][95] The pilot had a code to unlock the door, but the code panel can be disabled from the cockpit controls.[98][7] The pilot requested re-entry using the intercom, knocking and then banging on the door, but received no response.[99] The pilot then repeatedly tried to break down the door.[100][18][101] Transponder data show the autopilot had switched from the cruising altitude of 38,000 feet (12,000 m) to 100 feet (30 m), the autopilot's lowest setting.[102] During the descent, the co-pilot also did not respond to questions from air traffic control and did not transmit a distress call.[103] Robin said that contact from the Marseille air traffic control tower, the pilot's attempts to break in, and Lubitz's steady breathing were audible on the cockpit voice recorder.[95][104] The screams of passengers can be heard in the last moments before impact.[97] The aircraft was traveling at 700 km/h (430 mph) when it crashed into the mountain.[97]

On 27 March, German detectives searched properties in Montabaur that Lubitz spent time in and removed a computer and other items for testing. They did not find a suicide note or any evidence that his actions had been motivated by "a political or religious background".[105][106][107]

During their search of Lubitz's apartment, detectives found a letter in a waste bin indicating that he had been declared "unfit to work" by a doctor. Germanwings reported that it had not received any sick note for the day of the flight. News accounts characterized this as "hiding an illness from his employers."[108] Under German law, employers do not have access to medical records of employees, and sick notes excusing a person from work do not give information on medical conditions.[109]

Response

Political

French Minister of the Interior Bernard Cazeneuve promptly announced that due to the "violence of the impact" there was "little hope" that any survivors would be found.[110] Prime Minister Manuel Valls dispatched Cazeneuve to the scene and set-up a ministerial crisis cell to co-ordinate the response to the incident.[111]

German Chancellor Angela Merkel traveled to the crash site on 25 March together with Minister-President of North Rhine-Westphalia Hannelore Kraft.[112][113] German Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier flew over the crash site on 24 March, describing it as "a picture of horror".[111] Merkel visited the recovery operations base at Seyne-les-Alpes along with French Prime Minister Valls and Spanish Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy.[114]

Bodo Klimpel, mayor of Haltern am See, reacting to the deaths of 16 schoolchildren and two teachers from the town, said: "A feeling of shock can be felt everywhere. It is about the worst thing imaginable."[115]

Commercial

Several Germanwings flights were cancelled on 24–25 March, which the pilots' union says was due to grief at the loss of their colleagues.[116][117]

Lufthansa Chief Executive Carsten Spohr visited the crash location on 25 March, and afterwards said that this is "the darkest day for Lufthansa in its 60-year history".[118]

On 25 March, Germanwings retired the flight number 4U9525, changing it to 4U9441. The outbound flight number was also changed: from 4U9524 to 4U9440. The flight numbers for the later Düsseldorf to Barcelona flight remain unchanged.[119]

When reporters asked Germanwings if another member of the flight crew must be present in the cockpit when one of the pilots leaves, they replied that the company had no such requirement, and that this was not required under European regulations.[120][121] Lufthansa later introduced a policy in which all their airlines (including Germanwings) will require two crew members in the cockpit.[122]

Regulatory

In response to the incident and the circumstances of Lubitz's involvement, aviation authorities in Canada, New Zealand, Germany and Australia implemented new regulations that require two authorized personnel to be present in the cockpit at all times.[7][6][8][123] While some European airlines already required this by policy,[12] the European Union's air safety agency, the European Aviation Safety Agency, has recommended that similar changes be introduced.[8][124] Other airlines announced similar changes to their policies.[6][11][12][13] A similar "rule of two" requirement has been imposed by the Federal Aviation Administration in the United States since 2002.[13][125] The Civil Aviation Administration of China also requires that at least two crew members are in the cockpit of a Chinese-registered civil plane in flight at any given time.[126]

On 27 March, Germanwings' parent Lufthansa offered victims' families an initial aid payment of up to €50,000, separate from any compensation that must by law be paid over the disaster. Elmar Giemulla, a professor of aviation law at the Technical University of Berlin, quoted by the Rheinische Post, said that he expected the airline would pay a total of €10–30 million in compensation. The Montreal Convention determines a cap of €143,000 per victim in the event an airline is held liable.[127]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Abbreviated forms of the flight name combine the airline's IATA airline code (4U) or ICAO airline code (GWI) with the flight number.
  2. ^ The aircraft was an Airbus A320-200 model; the 11 specifies it was fitted with CFM International CFM56-5A1 engines.
  3. ^ Including two passengers with dual Bosnian-German citizenship.[46]
  4. ^ Including an infant with Spanish-Polish-British citizenship.[51][52]
  5. ^ One of them had dual Mexican-Spanish citizenship.[59]

References

  1. ^ "Where the Germanwings Plane Crashed". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  2. ^ a b c "Ce que l'on sait du crash de l'Airbus A320 entre Digne et Barcelonnette" (in French). BFMTV. Retrieved 24 March 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  3. ^ 150 suspected dead after plane crashes in French Alps. Al Jazeera. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  4. ^ "Confirmed by Police". News 24. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  5. ^ "Accident to the Airbus A320-211 registered D-AIPX, flight GWI18G, on 24 March 2015". BEA. 24 March 2015. Retrieved 26 March 2015.
  6. ^ a b c d "Germanwings Flight 4U9525: Canadian airlines told to have 2 people in the cockpit". CBC News. 27 March 2015. Retrieved 27 March 2015.
  7. ^ a b c Cooke, Henry (27 March 2015). "CAA changes cockpit policy following Germanwings crash". Fairfax New Zealand. Retrieved 27 March 2015.
  8. ^ a b c "Germanwings Crash: How the Aviation Industry Has Reacted". The Wall Street Journal. 27 March 2015. Retrieved 27 March 2015.
  9. ^ "'Rule of two': Australia to require two in a cockpit at all times in wake of Germanwings tragedy". The Sydney Morning Herald. 30 March 2015. Retrieved 30 March 2015.
  10. ^ "EASA recommends minimum two crew in the cockpit". EASA. 27 March 2015. Retrieved 28 March 2015.
  11. ^ a b "Germanwings crash: airliners change cockpit rules after co-pilot blamed – as it happened". The Guardian. 26 March 2015. Retrieved 27 March 2015.
  12. ^ a b c "Germanwings investigators find torn-up sicknote in co-pilot's home". The Guardian. 27 March 2015. Retrieved 27 March 2015.
  13. ^ a b c "Germanwings Flight 4U9525 co-pilot Andreas Lubitz 'hid illness' from employer". CBC News. 27 March 2015. Retrieved 27 March 2015.
  14. ^ "Germanwings (4U) #9525 ✈ 24-Mar-2015 ✈ LEBL / BCN – EDDL / DUS". FlightAware. 24 March 2015. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  15. ^ "(4U) Germanwings 9525 Flight Status". Flightstats. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  16. ^ "Germanwings flight 4U9525 crashes in French Alps with 150 on board – live updates". The Guardian.
  17. ^ "Airbus crash latest coverage". BBC News.
  18. ^ a b Clark, Nicola; Bilefsky, Dan (26 March 2015). "Germanwings Pilot Was Locked Out of Cockpit Before Crash in France". The New York Times. Retrieved 26 March 2015.
  19. ^ "What Happened on the Germanwings Flight". The New York Times. 26 March 2015. Retrieved 26 March 2015.
  20. ^ "Ce que l'on sait sur le crash de l'A320 dans les Alpes". Libération (in French). 25 March 2015. Retrieved 26 March 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  21. ^ "Germanwings plane crash: Airbus A320 glide to destruction 'took 18 minutes not 8'". The Independent. 25 March 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  22. ^ "BEA Pressconference 25.05.2015 slides". BEA. 25 March 2015. Retrieved 26 March 2015. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  23. ^ a b "Crash: Germanwings A320 near Barcelonnette on Mar 24th 2015, lost height and impacted terrain". The Aviation Herald. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  24. ^ "Germanwings Airbus crashes in French Alps, 150 dead". Reuters. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  25. ^ a b "German Airbus A320 plane crashes in French Alps". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  26. ^ Adam Withnall (24 March 2015). "A320 crashes: Germanwings Flight down in southern France". The Independent. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  27. ^ "Germanwings Airbus Carrying 150 Crashes in French Alps". The New York Times. 24 March 2015. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  28. ^ "French Alps plane crash: Germanwings crew 'did not send distress signal'". The Independent. Independent Digital News and Media Ltd. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  29. ^ "Investigators hope cockpit tape will explain Airbus crash". Reuters. Retrieved 26 March 2015.
  30. ^ a b "Condolencias de MeteoCampoo Accidente GWI9525" (in Spanish). Meteo Campoo. Retrieved 27 March 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  31. ^ "Germanwings Airbus A320 crashes in French Alps with 150 people on board: as it happened". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 27 March 2015.
  32. ^ "Analysis: Crash of Germanwings Flight 9525 - Investigation and Latest Responses". Friedlnews. 25 March 2015.
  33. ^ Dominic Gover (24 March 2015). "Germanwings Flight 4U9525 crashed in identical spot as 1953 air disaster in French Alps near Barcelonette". International Business Times.
  34. ^ "Plane crashes in French Alps, 150 feared dead". Grand Forks Herald. Reuters. 24 March 2015. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  35. ^ "Live news on Germanwings Airbus crash in France". Reuters. 24 March 2015. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  36. ^ "BREAKING Crash of an A320 in south of France - more details". Airlive. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  37. ^ "150 killed in French Alps aircrash". Echo. Press Association. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  38. ^ "Germanwings crash: search suspended". euronews. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  39. ^ "4U9525 Accident description". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  40. ^ "D-AIPX Germanwings Airbus A320-200 - cn 147". planespotters.net. Retrieved 28 March 2015.
  41. ^ a b c "Aircraft Registration Database Lookup". airframes.org. Retrieved 28 March 2015.
  42. ^ a b c "Airbus A320 - MSN 147 - D-AIPX Airline Germanwings". Airfleets.net. Retrieved 28 March 2015.
  43. ^ Engel, Pamela; Kelley, Michael B. (24 March 2015). "A plane with 150 people aboard crashed in France – no survivors expected". Business Insider. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  44. ^ "Lufthansa Technik New Life for the A320" (PDF). Connection. Lufthansa Technik Group. July–August 2012. p. 20.
  45. ^ a b "Airbus A320 Crash in France". BBC News. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  46. ^ "Fehret i Emira iz BiH među žrtvama tragičnog leta". Avaz (in Bosnian). Retrieved 26 March 2015.
  47. ^ "Live: 72 deutsche Opfer bei Germanwings-Absturz". n-tv (in German). 25 March 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  48. ^ "72 Deutsche waren an Bord der Unglücksmaschine". Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (in German). 25 March 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  49. ^ "Quiénes eran los argentinos fallecidos en la tragedia aérea de Germanwings en Francia". Infobae (in Spanish). 24 March 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2015. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  50. ^ "На борту разбившегося во Франции самолета находились трое граждан Казахстана" (in Russian). Interfax. 25 March 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2015. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  51. ^ "Katastrofa airbusa we Francji. Polak stracił żonę i dziecko". Gazeta (in Polish). 25 March 2015. Retrieved 26 March 2015.
  52. ^ Gordon Rayner; Josie Ensor (25 March 2015). "Germanwings crash: British victims named as Martyn Matthews, Paul Bramley and Julian Pracz-Bandres". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 26 March 2015.
  53. ^ "Alps air crash 'killed three Britons'". BBC News. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  54. ^ "Third American Killed in Germanwings Crash, State Department Says". The Huffington Post. 25 March 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  55. ^ "Germanwings plane crash: Two Australians among 150 victims of Airbus A320 crash, which included 16 school children". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 25 March 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  56. ^ "Dos colombianos viajaban en el avión que chocó en los Alpes franceses". Caracol Radio (in Spanish). 24 March 2015. Retrieved 24 March 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  57. ^ "Tasnim Reporter Among Germanwings Crash Victims". Tasnim News Agency. 25 March 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  58. ^ "Germanwings crash: why don't we know who was on board Flight 9525?". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 26 March 2015.
  59. ^ Iván Saldaña (26 March 2015). "Dora Isela Salas, la otra mexicana víctima del vuelo 9525". Excélsior (in Spanish). Retrieved 27 March 2015.
  60. ^ "SRE identifica a 2 mexicanas que murieron en avionazo". Milenio (in Spanish). Mexico City. 25 March 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2015. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  61. ^ "ثنائي مغربي ضمن ضحايا الطائرة المتحطّمة على التراب الفرنسي" [Two Moroccan victims were in the aircraft that crashed on French soil]. Hespress (in Arabic). 24 March 2015. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  62. ^ "Germanwings Flight 4U9525 victims include opera singers, high school students". CBC News. 25 March 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  63. ^ "Belg onder doden vliegtuigcrash". AD (in Dutch). 24 March 2015. Retrieved 24 March 2015. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  64. ^ "Chilena figura entre las víctimas fatales de avión accidentado en Francia". EMOL (in Spanish). Retrieved 25 March 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  65. ^ de Stordeur, Gudmund (24 March 2015). "Dansker blandt de omkomne i flystyrt" [Dane died in plane crash]. nyhederne.tv2.dk (in Danish). Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  66. ^ "Israeli among 150 killed in Germanwings crash named". Itamar Eichner. 24 March 2015. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  67. ^ "Zeker één Nederlandse dode bij crash Frankrijk" (in Dutch). nos.nl. Retrieved 24 March 2015. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  68. ^ "One Turkish-German among 150 victims in Germanwings plane crash". Hürriyet Daily News. 24 March 2015. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  69. ^ "Germanwings Flight 9525 crash: 2 Americans among 150 killed". AL.com. 25 March 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  70. ^ Sawer, Patrick (29 March 2015). "Andreas Lubitz: Everything we know on Sunday about Germanwings plane crash co-pilot". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 29 March 2015.
  71. ^ "Alps plane crash: What we know". BBC News. 26 March 2015. Retrieved 29 March 2015.
  72. ^ "Andreas Lubitz and Patrick S: What do we know about the pilots on Germanwings flight 4U9525?". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 26 March 2015.
  73. ^ "Germanwings Co-Pilot Named as Andreas Lubitz". The Wall Street Journal. Dow Jones & Co. Retrieved 26 March 2015.
  74. ^ "Germanwings Plane Crash Investigation". The Guardian. 26 March 2015. Retrieved 26 March 2015.
  75. ^ "Andreas Lubitz: First picture of Germanwings pilot and what we know about him". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 26 March 2015.
  76. ^ "Germanwings crash: Who was co-pilot Andreas Lubitz?". BBC News. Retrieved 26 March 2015.
  77. ^ "Germanwings crash: Co-pilot Lubitz 'hid illness'". BBC News. Retrieved 27 March 2015.
  78. ^ "Germanwings co-pilot Andreas Lubitz hid illness from employers - Business Insider". Business Insider. 27 March 2015. Retrieved 27 March 2015.
  79. ^ Kauh, Elaine (27 March 2015). "Investigators: Germanwings Co-pilot Concealed Medical Treatment". AVweb. Retrieved 27 March 2015.
  80. ^ "Germanwings Flight 4U9525 co-pilot Andreas Lubitz 'hid illness' from employer". CBC News. 27 March 2015. Retrieved 27 March 2015.
  81. ^ "Germanwings Pilot Andreas Lubitz Sought Treatment for Vision Problems Before Crash, Authorities Say". The New York Times. Retrieved 28 March 2015.
  82. ^ Calamur, Krishnadev; Chappell, Bill (30 March 2015). "Germanwings Crash: Co-Pilot Was Treated For Suicidal Tendenciess". NPR. Retrieved 30 March 2015. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  83. ^ "Germanwings A320 Crash Victims Include 15 German Schoolchildren, Local Media Reports". International Business Times. 24 March 2015. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  84. ^ "As Night Falls, Officials Call Off Search Operation For German Plane". wusfnews. wusf.usf.edu. 25 March 2015. Retrieved 28 March 2015.
  85. ^ "Oleg Bryjak unter den Opfern des Airbus-Absturzes". Deutsche Oper am Rhein. 24 March 2015. Retrieved 24 March 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  86. ^ Shammas, John (24 March 2015). "Germanwings Airbus A320 plane crash: First pictures of opera singers Maria Radner and Oleg Bryjak among 150 dead". Daily Mirror. London. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  87. ^ "FBI assisting in crash investigation". CNN. 26 March 2015. Retrieved 26 March 2015.
  88. ^ "Germanwings Flight 9525 co-pilot deliberately crashed plane, officials say". CNN.
  89. ^ "Germanwings A320 black box found in French Alps". RT. 24 March 2015. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  90. ^ "Germanwings plane black box found as investigators reach crash site". The Guardian. 24 March 2015. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  91. ^ "French Interior Minister says crashed Germanwings plane's voice recorder damaged, but 'usable'". Fox News Channel. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  92. ^ "Accident d'un Airbus A 320-211 immatriculé D-AIPX, vol GWI18G, survenu le 24 mars 2015". BEA (in French). Retrieved 26 March 2015.
  93. ^ Tim Hepher (25 March 2015). "Useable voice recording recovered from Alps crash: investigators". Paris. Reuters. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  94. ^ a b Hepher, Tim; Rosnoblet, Jean-Francois (26 March 2015). "Co-pilot appears to have crashed Germanwings plane deliberately: French prosecutor". Reuters. Retrieved 26 March 2015. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  95. ^ a b c Clark, Nicola; Bilefsky, Dan (26 March 2015). "Germanwings Co-Pilot Deliberately Crashed Airbus Jet, French Prosecutor Says". The New York Times. Retrieved 26 March 2015.
  96. ^ "Germanwings Flight 4U9525: Co-pilot put plane into descent, prosecutor says". CBC News. 26 March 2015. Retrieved 26 March 2015.
  97. ^ a b c "Flight 4U 9525: What happened in the final 30 minutes". BBC. Retrieved 27 March 2015.
  98. ^ "Germanwings Crash: How the Lock on the Cockpit Door Works". The New York Times. 26 March 2015. Retrieved 27 March 2015.
  99. ^ "Germanwings Airbus A320 tragedy: cockpit recordings reveal co-pilot Andreas Lubitz crashed plane deliberately". telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved 28 March 2015.
  100. ^ "Germanwings plane crash: Reports co-pilot suffered from depression six years ago as police search homes; pilot bashed cockpit door with axe". ABC News. 27 March 2015.
  101. ^ "Germanwings plane crash: Pilot locked out of cockpit before aircraft hit French Alps, says investigator, German state prosecutor". Australia: ABC News. 25 March 2015.
  102. ^ Tim Hepher (26 March 2015). "German police search house of pilot who flew A320 into mountain". Reuters. Retrieved 26 March 2015.
  103. ^ Lori Hinnant; Dave McHugh (26 March 2015). "Alone at controls, co-pilot sought to 'destroy' the plane". MSN. Retrieved 26 March 2015.
  104. ^ "Germanwings plane crash: Co-pilot of flight appears to have crashed plane deliberately, French prosecutor says". Australia: ABC News. 27 March 2015.
  105. ^ "Airbus 320 crash: What we known about A320 co-pilot Andreas Lubitz". News.com.au. 28 March 2015. Retrieved 28 March 2015. but hid his illness from his employer and colleagues.
  106. ^ "Germanwings plane crash: Police say 'significant discovery' at home of co-pilot Andreas Lubitz is not a suicide note". The Belfast Telegraph. 27 March 2015. Retrieved 27 March 2015.
  107. ^ "Germanwings plane crash: Co-pilot 'wanted to destroy plane'". BBC News. 26 March 2015. Retrieved 26 March 2015.
  108. ^ Pearson, Michael; Smith-Spark, Laura; Karimi, Faith (27 March 2015). "Germanwings co-pilot Andreas Lubitz declared 'unfit to work,' officials say". CNN. Retrieved 27 March 2015. Germanwings co-pilot Andreas Lubitz was hiding an illness from his employers and had been declared "unfit to work" by a doctor, according to German authorities investigating what could have prompted the seemingly competent and stable pilot to steer his jetliner into a French mountain.
  109. ^ "Germanwings plane crash: Co-pilot had been treated for suicidal tendencies, prosecutors say". ABC News (Australia). 31 March 2015.
  110. ^ "'The plane is disintegrated': 150 dead as Airbus A320 goes down in Southern France". National Post. Toronto, Canada. 24 March 2015. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  111. ^ a b "Germanwings airliner crashes in French Alps". BBC News. 24 March 2015. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  112. ^ "Angela Merkel to travel to Germanwings crash site". ITV News. 24 March 2015. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  113. ^ Botelho, Greg; Smith-Spark, Laura; Hanna, Jason (24 March 2015). "France plane crash: No survivors expected, French President says". CNN. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  114. ^ "Hollande, Merkel, Rajoy visit Germanwings A320 crash site". Radio France Internationale. 25 March 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  115. ^ "Germanwings Airbus A320 Crash: Haltern Weeps for Teens on Doomed Flight". NBC News.
  116. ^ "Current information". Germanwings. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  117. ^ "Distraught Germanwings pilots refuse to fly". CNN. 25 March 2015.
  118. ^ "Lufthansa boss says past hours 'darkest in 60-year history'". ITV News. 25 March 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  119. ^ "germanwings Retires Flight Number 4U9525; New Flight Numbers from 25MAR15". airlineroute.net. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  120. ^ "Germanwings crash: 'co-pilot's actions leave us speechless,' says airline – live updates". The Guardian. 26 March 2015.
  121. ^ Jean-Francois Rosnoblet (26 March 2015). "Just one pilot in cockpit at time of French Alps crash: German prosecutor". Reuters.
  122. ^ Bryan. Victoria (28 March 2015). "Germanwings plane crash: Lufthansa to require two crew members in cockpit at all times". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 29 March 2015.
  123. ^ "Germanwings: Australia tightens cockpit safety laws in wake of French Alps plane crash". Australian Broadcasting Corporation News. 30 March 2015. Retrieved 30 March 2015.
  124. ^ "EU Regulator Recommends Tightening Cockpit Rules After Germanwings Crash". The Wall Street Journal. 27 March 2015. Retrieved 27 March 2015.
  125. ^ "Reducing Risks After the Germanwings Crash". The New York Times. 26 March 2015. Retrieved 27 March 2015.
  126. ^ "China reasserts 'two in cockpit' rule it already had". Want China Times. 29 March 2015. Retrieved 29 March 2015.
  127. ^ "Lufthansa offers victims' families initial 50,000 euros". Deutsche Welle. 27 March 2015. Retrieved 29 March 2015.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Germanwings Flight 9525.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Germanwings_Flight_9525&oldid=654290251"