Kerch style
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The Kerch Style (also referred to as Kerch vases) is an archaeological term describing vases from the final phase of Attic red-figure pottery production. Their exact chronology remains problematic, they are generally assumed to have been prodiced roughly between 375 and 330/20 BC. The style is characterized by slender mannered figures and a polychromatism given to it by the use of white paint and gilding.
The vases are thus named because a large quantity of them was found at Kerch (ancient Pantikapaion) on the Black Sea. The majority of those is now in the Eremitage, St. Petersburg. It is not possibly to formly separate them stylistically from the contemporary plain style of Late Classical vase painting around painters like the Jena Painter or the Meleager Painter. The end of the Kerch Style coincides with the end of red-figure painting as a whole. The identification of individual painters is often difficult.
At the time of their production, Kerch Style vases were exported to all of the Mediterranean region, but unlike earlier phases, the Black Sea area was the main market for this Late phase of Attic pottery export. Most of the previously current vase shapes were still painted, but kraters, lekanes (see Typology of Greek Vase Shapes) and pelikes were especially popular. The motifs are mostly scenes from the life of women (often exaggeratedly idyllic), dionysiac themes and subjects to do with Artemis and Demeter. Fighting griffins are another common subject. The figures are often elegant and highly decorated. But they are very stylised and frequently seem quite mannerist. Details and ornamentation played an important role, the best works resemble examples from the fifth century BC. White, yellow and red were often used as additional colours. The casual painting of the backs of vases in another typical feature.
The Marsyas Painter, the Eleusinian Painter and the Painter of Athens 12592 mark a short and final flourish in the quality of Attic vase painting. Shortly afterwards, the activities of the YZ Group painters produced a multitude of vases of inferior quality in a number of workshops. Their end is also that of the Attic red-figure tradition. Recent research has thrown new light on this long-neglected field. The vases had first been studied systematicaal by Karl Schefold. The most important scholar of Attic vase painting, John D. Beazley only developed an interest in them late in his career; he did not agree with all of Scheffold's views. In recent years, the analysis of fourth-century BC Panathenaic amphorae from Eretria has provided new results. Addiotionally, it has been demonstrated that Kerch style vases were also produced outside Attica, for example in Chalkidiki. Generally, the South Italian red-figure vase production of the time was superior to the Attic Kerch Style. The South Italian production also continued somewhat longer.
Representatives of the style include:
- Amazon Painter
- Apollonia Group
- Painter of Athens 1375
- Erotostasia Painter
- F.B. Group
- Filottrano Painter
- Group G
- Helena Painter
- Herakles Painter
- L.C.-Group
- Group of London E 230
- Otchet Group
- Pasithea Painter
- Pompe Painter
- Pourtales Painter
- Toya-Painter
- Painter of the Wedding Procession
Bibliography
- John D. Beazley: Attic red-figure vase-painters. Oxford 1963.
- John Boardman: Rotfigurige Vasen aus Athen. Die klassische Zeit, von Zabern, Mainz 1991 (Kulturgeschichte der Antiken Welt, Vol 48), especially p. 198-203 ISBN 3-8053-1262-8.
- Stella Drougou: Kertscher Vasen, in DNP 6 (1999), col. 447f.
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