4b-agile-development.html

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      <h1 class="title-xh4jGm title titlepage">Process code for software procurement</h1>
      <div class="main-frame-xh4jGm">
        <div class="content-xGzoPX content">
          <div class="intro-AJdIZV">
            <div class="titlepage-LVpovE"><div class="page-title-M7LDzy titlepage">4b. Agile development</div></div>
            <div class="content-LVpovE content">
              <p class="this-section-will-help-you-pHmH3A mulish-bold-black-16px">This section will help you:</p>
              <div class="cluster-pHmH3A cluster">
                <article class="goal">
                  <img class="icongoal-xDvUEu icongoal" src="img/icon-goal@2x.png" alt="icon.goal" />
                  <p class="this-is-a-goal-for-a-particular-activity detail">
                    Work with and support a vendor as they run an agile development process
                  </p>
                </article>
                <article class="goal">
                  <img class="icongoal-ienjHJ icongoal" src="img/icon-goal-1@2x.png" alt="icon.goal" />
                  <p class="this-is-a-goal-for-a-particular-activity detail">
                    Embed software in the organization’s technical environment by incrementally deploying working
                    software modules and evaluating them
                  </p>
                </article>
                <article class="goal">
                  <img class="icongoal-DHZ75D icongoal" src="img/icon-goal-2@2x.png" alt="icon.goal" />
                  <p class="this-is-a-goal-for-a-particular-activity detail">
                    Collaborate with the vendor to produce thorough technical and user-oriented documentation
                  </p>
                </article>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>
          <div class="challenges-AJdIZV">
            <div class="titlesubsection"><div class="subsection-title titlesection">Common challenges</div></div>
            <p class="you-may-encounter-th-CFRvnX body">
              <span class="span0-g6JXU6 body"
                >You may encounter these frictions as you do the work of agile development. These are challenges the </span
              ><span class="span1-g6JXU6 bodylink">Recommended actions</span
              ><span class="span2-g6JXU6 body">
                are designed to solve, or that may arise as you take those actions.
              </span>
            </p>
            <div class="challenge">
              <img class="iconchallenge" src="img/icon-challenge@2x.png" alt="icon.challenge" />
              <div class="content-K6Ce4Z content">
                <div class="title-5OuQgt title mulish-bold-black-16px">Staff turnover</div>
                <p class="lorem-ipsum-5OuQgt lorem-ipsum detail">
                  Staff retention can be a significant challenge, particularly for technical expertise—where city
                  governments have to compete with private sector software companies for talent. Staff turnover can
                  confuse the process, cause delays, and compromise continuity.
                </p>
              </div>
            </div>
            <div class="challenge">
              <img class="iconchallenge" src="img/icon-challenge@2x.png" alt="icon.challenge" />
              <div class="content-vxAb8f content">
                <p class="title-A5nmZ5 title mulish-bold-black-16px">
                  Lack of familiarity with or lack of involvement in the agile development process
                </p>
                <p class="lorem-ipsum-A5nmZ5 lorem-ipsum detail">
                  City staff assume that they cannot or should not be involved with the developer team. Coders should
                  have decision-making power when it comes to technical architecture, timelines, and required effort,
                  but they do not know what end users need. The best software will result from good collaboration.
                </p>
              </div>
            </div>
            <div class="challenge">
              <img class="iconchallenge" src="img/icon-challenge@2x.png" alt="icon.challenge" />
              <div class="content-IvJpIp content">
                <p class="title-uICEke title mulish-bold-black-16px">Lack of communication with end users</p>
                <p class="lorem-ipsum-uICEke lorem-ipsum detail">
                  Frontline staff members—the end users—will be affected by continuous integration. It is important to
                  notify them of changes to their daily workflow, and to seek their feedback throughout the development
                  process.
                </p>
              </div>
            </div>
            <div class="challenge">
              <img class="iconchallenge" src="img/icon-challenge@2x.png" alt="icon.challenge" />
              <div class="content-TWiwJo content">
                <p class="title-9mwLVV title mulish-bold-black-16px">
                  Lack of input from technical experts when sprint planning
                </p>
                <p class="lorem-ipsum-9mwLVV lorem-ipsum detail">
                  This can result in over-specifying or under-specifying feature sets and poorly planned budgets and
                  timelines.
                </p>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>
          <div class="actions-AJdIZV">
            <div class="titlesubsection"><div class="subsection-title titlesection">Recommended actions</div></div>
            <div class="frame-142-aAEx52">
              <p class="x1-supporting-the-agile-work-plan-eIebGM titlesubsection">1. Supporting the agile work plan</p>
              <p class="your-software-develo-eIebGM body">
                Your software development partner will create a high level agile development plan. This plan will
                describe the overall technical architecture of the project, showing how a number of independent and
                interoperable modules will fit together to address the problem statement. You can support the planning
                process in a number of ways.
              </p>
              <div class="action">
                <div class="iconknowledge">
                  <div class="bulb">
                    <img class="union" src="img/union@2x.png" alt="Union" />
                    <img class="group-194" src="img/group-194@2x.png" alt="Group 194" />
                    <img class="line-48" src="img/line-48@2x.png" alt="Line 48" />
                  </div>
                </div>
                <div class="content-L0EhMq content">
                  <p class="an-action-that-requires-high-engagement mulish-bold-black-16px">
                    Agile might feel uncertain—and that’s ok
                  </p>
                  <p class="lorem-ipsum-l3xenI lorem-ipsum detail">
                    An agile development project is only planned in broad strokes at the outset. The point is to be
                    incremental and iterative, to accommodate changes based on what you learn as you go. This reduces
                    overall risk of failure, and minimizes expensive and time-consuming revisions in the future.
                  </p>
                </div>
              </div>
              <div class="action">
                <img class="iconaction" src="img/icon-action@2x.png" alt="icon.action" />
                <div class="content-LIrmPP content">
                  <p class="an-action-that-requires-high-engagement mulish-bold-black-16px">
                    Provide the development team with documentation
                  </p>
                  <p class="lorem-ipsum-sYAJls lorem-ipsum detail">
                    Have a meeting to walk them through the problem statement, user journeys, success criteria, and
                    KPIs. Answer any questions, and ask them if they see any gaps in the discovery research or if they
                    have ideas to add.
                  </p>
                </div>
              </div>
              <div class="action">
                <img class="iconaction" src="img/icon-action@2x.png" alt="icon.action" />
                <div class="content-ZJncVr content">
                  <p class="an-action-that-requires-high-engagement mulish-bold-black-16px">
                    Review the full feature set with the development team
                  </p>
                  <p class="lorem-ipsum-EGzN9l lorem-ipsum detail">Ask if they have any concerns or additions.</p>
                </div>
              </div>
              <div class="action">
                <img class="iconaction" src="img/icon-action@2x.png" alt="icon.action" />
                <div class="content-bo22VW content">
                  <p class="an-action-that-requires-high-engagement mulish-bold-black-16px">
                    Review your organization’s technical environment with the development team
                  </p>
                  <p class="lorem-ipsum-DkxWI7 lorem-ipsum detail">
                    Discuss the technical architecture for the project, and resolve any questions about how it will fit
                    into your organization’s existing systems. Another important topic is how DevOps will happen, and
                    how you will give feedback (make sure an IT professional from your organization attends).
                  </p>
                </div>
              </div>
              <div class="action">
                <img class="iconaction" src="img/icon-action@2x.png" alt="icon.action" />
                <div class="content-xdtf1i content">
                  <div class="an-action-that-requires-high-engagement mulish-bold-black-16px">Schedule demos</div>
                  <p class="lorem-ipsum-qZMSNs lorem-ipsum detail">
                    Your RFP specified that the development process would include deployment into the actual working
                    technical environment. This gives you an opportunity to demo working software to end users and get
                    their feedback. Schedule these sessions early, so that they are sure to happen.
                  </p>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>
            <div class="frame-143-aAEx52">
              <div class="x2-sprint-planning-QP91BE titlesubsection">2. Sprint planning</div>
              <p class="your-development-par-QP91BE body">
                Your development partner will be building software modules quickly, in 2-4 week sprints. These should be
                scoped, budgeted, and contracted individually, underneath the umbrella contract.
              </p>
              <div class="action">
                <div class="iconknowledge">
                  <div class="bulb">
                    <img class="union" src="img/union@2x.png" alt="Union" />
                    <img class="group-194" src="img/group-194@2x.png" alt="Group 194" />
                    <img class="line-48" src="img/line-48@2x.png" alt="Line 48" />
                  </div>
                </div>
                <div class="content-GFWY1y content">
                  <p class="an-action-that-requires-high-engagement mulish-bold-black-16px">
                    Each sprint is about building a module that is...
                  </p>
                  <div class="flex-container-i231689960214892-MNTzFc">
                    <div class="text0-i231689960214892-bvcwXr detail">
                      <span class="span0-p0Mxjq detail">Based on insights from the discovery research<br /></span>
                    </div>
                    <div class="text1-i231689960214892-bvcwXr detail">
                      <span class="span1-GOocqG detail">Written out as a clear user journey<br /></span>
                    </div>
                    <div class="text2-i231689960214892-bvcwXr detail">
                      <span class="span2-xAuUoT detail"
                        >Planned and resourced according to complexity and necessary staff effort<br
                      /></span>
                    </div>
                    <div class="text3-i231689960214892-bvcwXr detail">
                      <span class="span3-65cgMx detail">Developed in a short </span
                      ><span class="span4-65cgMx mulish-normal-black-14px">(2-4 week)</span
                      ><span class="span5-65cgMx detail"> sprint<br /></span>
                    </div>
                    <div class="text4-i231689960214892-bvcwXr detail">
                      <span class="span6-Lgqrv9 detail">Fully operational at the end of the sprint<br /></span>
                    </div>
                    <div class="text5-i231689960214892-bvcwXr detail">
                      <span class="span7-2B0Ouv detail"
                        >Integrated, tested and operationalized at the end of the sprint</span
                      >
                    </div>
                  </div>
                </div>
              </div>
              <div class="action">
                <img class="iconaction" src="img/icon-action@2x.png" alt="icon.action" />
                <div class="content-4MMxuS content">
                  <p class="an-action-that-requires-high-engagement mulish-bold-black-16px">
                    Work with the development team to plan the first sprint.
                  </p>
                  <div class="lorem-ipsum-hg8yYq lorem-ipsum mulish-normal-black-14px">(see guidelines below)</div>
                </div>
              </div>
              <div class="guidelinessolo">
                <div class="title-0H2630 title">
                  <img class="iconguidelines" src="img/icon-guidelines@2x.png" alt="icon.guidelines" />
                  <div class="guidelines mulish-bold-black-16px">Guidelines for agile sprints</div>
                  <img class="arrowdown" src="img/arrow-down@2x.png" alt="arrow.down" />
                </div>
                <div class="flex-container-i21175332117085-0H2630">
                  <div class="text0-i21175332117085-fTxFBI detail">
                    <span class="span0-2cjnbg detail"
                      >Each module should addresses a very specific problem that a future user will face. For example, a
                      web application for trash removal may include:<br
                    /></span>
                  </div>
                  <div class="text1-i21175332117085-fTxFBI detail">
                    <span class="span1-X2M1y5 mulish-normal-black-14px"
                      >“I am a resident. I need to know which day trash will be collected this week, and whether it will
                      be trash + recycling or recycling-only.”<br
                    /></span>
                  </div>
                  <div class="text2-i21175332117085-fTxFBI detail">
                    <span class="span2-LxDN4g mulish-normal-black-14px"
                      >“I am a trash truck operator. I need a route for pickups at the beginning of every day.”<br
                    /></span>
                  </div>
                  <div class="text3-i21175332117085-fTxFBI detail">
                    <span class="span3-lg78ck mulish-normal-black-14px"
                      >“I am a waste management services operator. I need to know if severe weather conditions are
                      expected, and notify residents of service delays.”<br
                    /></span>
                  </div>
                  <div class="text4-i21175332117085-fTxFBI detail">
                    <span class="span4-o3pgK8 detail"
                      >Sprint planning and scope should be determined with the development team. Some teams use a simple
                      point-scoring system to assign an amount of work involved to complete each sprint </span
                    ><span class="span5-o3pgK8 mulish-normal-black-14px"
                      >(e.g. “1” for a simple module and “4” for a complex module)</span
                    ><span class="span6-o3pgK8 detail"
                      >. This helps with staffing, budgeting and planning. Before each sprint, work with the development
                      team to plan the focus, scope, and timeline of each sprint.<br
                    /></span>
                  </div>
                  <div class="text5-i21175332117085-fTxFBI detail">
                    <span class="span7-pzerst detail"
                      >Agile development depends on regular meetings. The development team will meet frequently </span
                    ><span class="span8-pzerst mulish-normal-black-14px">(usually every day)</span
                    ><span class="span9-pzerst detail"
                      >. If an external vendor is doing the development, there should be a meeting with the client at
                      the end of every sprint </span
                    ><span class="span10-pzerst mulish-normal-black-14px">(every 2-4 weeks)</span
                    ><span class="span11-pzerst detail">.</span>
                  </div>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>
            <div class="frame-144-aAEx52">
              <p class="x3-using-a-dev-ops-approach-ziZx3J titlesubsection">3. Using a DevOps approach</p>
              <p class="dev-ops-short-for-de-ziZx3J body">
                <span class="span0-hYWxza body">DevOps </span
                ><span class="span1-hYWxza mulish-normal-black-16px">(short for “Development and operations”)</span
                ><span class="span2-hYWxza body">
                  involves continuously deploying software modules in the actual working environment as they are built.
                  That means launching a piece of software on the city’s servers and having users start using it in
                  their daily workflow. Your job is to organize the deployment, testing and feedback for each module
                  along the way.
                </span>
              </p>
              <div class="action">
                <div class="iconknowledge">
                  <div class="bulb">
                    <img class="union" src="img/union@2x.png" alt="Union" />
                    <img class="group-194" src="img/group-194@2x.png" alt="Group 194" />
                    <img class="line-48" src="img/line-48@2x.png" alt="Line 48" />
                  </div>
                </div>
                <div class="content-43icPA content">
                  <div class="an-action-that-requires-high-engagement mulish-bold-black-16px">DevOps reduces risk</div>
                  <p class="lorem-ipsum-MLJHqT lorem-ipsum detail">
                    By deploying and testing, you can identify any technical or procedural incompatibilities and fix
                    them along the way. It also means that key staff become familiar with the product, and have
                    opportunities to provide feedback that helps guide future modules or sprints.
                  </p>
                </div>
              </div>
              <div class="action">
                <img class="iconaction" src="img/icon-action@2x.png" alt="icon.action" />
                <div class="content-JylwDl content">
                  <p class="an-action-that-requires-high-engagement mulish-bold-black-16px">
                    Include deployment and evaluation in the contract for each sprint
                  </p>
                  <p class="lorem-ipsum-nPNByk lorem-ipsum detail">
                    Allocate time and budget for this step, and specify KPIs or success criteria. You are in control of
                    the quality!
                  </p>
                </div>
              </div>
              <div class="action">
                <img class="iconaction" src="img/icon-action@2x.png" alt="icon.action" />
                <div class="content-Vx0hr6 content">
                  <p class="an-action-that-requires-high-engagement mulish-bold-black-16px">
                    Coordinate with end users to evaluate the module
                  </p>
                  <p class="lorem-ipsum-MTtrE7 lorem-ipsum detail">
                    Do this after it’s been integrated into their daily workflow. They are the best resources for
                    evaluation. If it isn’t functional from a technical or user standpoint, then it isn’t good
                    enough—you can do another sprint to refine it.
                  </p>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>
          <div class="guidelinessolo">
            <div class="title-8axrxN title">
              <img class="iconguidelines" src="img/icon-guidelines@2x.png" alt="icon.guidelines" />
              <div class="guidelines mulish-bold-black-16px">Evaluating modules</div>
              <img class="arrowdown" src="img/arrow-down@2x.png" alt="arrow.down" />
            </div>
            <div class="flex-container-i23973782117085-8axrxN">
              <div class="text0-i23973782117085-gTgsNC detail">
                <span class="span0-SOmyRO detail"
                  >You should be using iterative, module-specific contracts under an umbrella contract. You have the
                  opportunity to evaluate each module, and can discontinue the umbrella contract in the event of
                  underperformance. Ask the following evaluation questions: <br
                /></span>
              </div>
              <div class="text1-i23973782117085-gTgsNC detail">
                <span class="span1-zRIr5V detail">Does the module meet the sprint’s KPIs? <br /></span>
              </div>
              <div class="text2-i23973782117085-gTgsNC detail">
                <span class="span2-bVuf0K detail"
                  >Does the module address a user journey that is relevant to the problem statement?<br
                /></span>
              </div>
              <div class="text3-i23973782117085-gTgsNC detail">
                <span class="span3-yJ1DwW detail">Is the product logical and usable for the end user?<br /></span>
              </div>
              <div class="text4-i23973782117085-gTgsNC detail">
                <span class="span4-DJQJ39 detail"
                  >Does the product integrate with the city’s existing digital environment?<br
                /></span>
              </div>
              <div class="text5-i23973782117085-gTgsNC detail">
                <span class="span5-MaAiXy detail"
                  >Did the process align with the optional criteria, values and objectives in the RFP?<br
                /></span>
              </div>
              <div class="text6-i23973782117085-gTgsNC detail">
                <span class="span6-UJe2LO detail">Was the product delivered in a timely manner?</span>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>
          <div class="outcomes-AJdIZV">
            <div class="titlesubsection"><div class="subsection-title titlesection">Takeaways</div></div>
            <div class="cluster-DzVs68 cluster">
              <p class="create-or-complete-t-mcDmLw body">
                Create or complete the following outputs before moving on to the next step.
              </p>
              <div class="goals-mcDmLw">
                <article class="outcome">
                  <div class="icongoal-QvFCWD icongoal">
                    <div class="v2">
                      <img class="gear-2" src="img/gear-2-2@2x.png" alt="gear 2" />
                      <img class="arrow-2" src="img/arrow-2@2x.png" alt="arrow 2" />
                    </div>
                  </div>
                  <div class="this-is-an-outcome-t mulish-semi-bold-royal-blue-16px">
                    Collaborative agile development
                  </div>
                </article>
                <article class="outcome">
                  <div class="icongoal-v7a8PI icongoal">
                    <div class="v2">
                      <img class="gear-2" src="img/gear-2-9@2x.png" alt="gear 2" />
                      <img class="arrow-2" src="img/arrow-2-7@2x.png" alt="arrow 2" />
                    </div>
                  </div>
                  <div class="this-is-an-outcome-t mulish-semi-bold-royal-blue-16px">Modular budgeting</div>
                </article>
                <article class="outcome">
                  <div class="icongoal-vTSgnT icongoal">
                    <div class="v2">
                      <img class="gear-2" src="img/gear-2-10@2x.png" alt="gear 2" />
                      <img class="arrow-2" src="img/arrow-2-8@2x.png" alt="arrow 2" />
                    </div>
                  </div>
                  <p class="this-is-an-outcome-t mulish-semi-bold-royal-blue-16px">
                    DevOps continuous integration and testing
                  </p>
                </article>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>
          <div class="references-AJdIZV">
            <div class="titlesubsection"><div class="subsection-title titlesection">Further reading</div></div>
            <div class="frame-141-ulhyzA">
              <article class="reference">
                <div class="number"><div class="x1 body">1.</div></div>
                <div class="content-VJthZb content">
                  <div class="frame-163"><div class="source-name subtext">18F</div></div>
                  <a href="https://agile.18f.gov" target="_blank"
                    ><div class="link-title-here mulish-bold-azure-radiance-16px">Agile Principles</div>
                  </a>
                </div>
              </article>
              <article class="reference">
                <div class="number"><div class="x1 body">2.</div></div>
                <div class="content-uLqz8w content">
                  <div class="frame-163"><div class="source-name subtext">Atlassian</div></div>
                  <a href="https://www.atlassian.com/agile/project-management/metrics" target="_blank"
                    ><p class="link-title-here mulish-bold-azure-radiance-16px">
                      Five agile KPI metrics you won&#39;t hate
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                <div class="number"><div class="x1 body">3.</div></div>
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                  <a href="https://derisking-guide.18f.gov/state-field-guide/budgeting-tech/" target="_blank"
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                      De-risking guide: Budgeting and overseeing tech projects
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                  </a>
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                <div class="number"><div class="x1 body">4.</div></div>
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                      Implementing Product Management in the Federal Government
                    </p>
                  </a>
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              <article class="reference">
                <div class="number"><div class="x1 body">5.</div></div>
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                  <a href="https://digital.canada.ca/guides/evaluation-framework/" target="_blank"
                    ><div class="link-title-here mulish-bold-azure-radiance-16px">CDS Product Evaluation Framework</div>
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                <div class="number"><div class="x1 body">6.</div></div>
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                    ><p class="link-title-here mulish-bold-azure-radiance-16px">
                      Open and Ethical Procurement Guide on Engaging with the Private Sector
                    </p>
                  </a>
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              <article class="reference">
                <div class="number"><div class="x1 body">7.</div></div>
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                  <a href="https://product-guide.18f.gov/partners/vendor/" target="_blank"
                    ><p class="link-title-here mulish-bold-azure-radiance-16px">Product Guide: Work with the vendor</p>
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                <div class="number"><div class="x1 body">8.</div></div>
                <div class="content-uQAG95 content">
                  <div class="frame-163"><div class="source-name subtext">Agile Alliance</div></div>
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