Lihat sumber Idoksuridin

{{Drugbox
| Verifiedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 461936439
| IUPAC_name = 1-[(2''R'',4''S'',5''R'')-4-hidroksi-5-(hidroksimetil)oksolan-2-il]-5-iodo-1,2,3,4-tetrahidropirimidina-2,4-diona
| image = Idoxuridine - Idoxuridin.svg
| width = 200
<!--Clinical data-->
| tradename = 
| Drugs.com = {{drugs.com|CONS|idoxuridine}}
| MedlinePlus = a601062
| pregnancy_category = B1 (topikal), B3 (oftalmologi) [AU]
| pregnancy_US = C
| legal_AU = S4
| legal_UK = <!-- GSL / P / POM / CD -->
| legal_US = <!-- OTC / Rx-only -->
| legal_status =  Rx-only
| routes_of_administration = [[topikal]]
<!--Pharmacokinetic data-->
| bioavailability = 
| protein_bound = 
| metabolism = 
| elimination_half-life = 
| excretion = 
<!--Identifiers-->
| CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}}
| CAS_number = 54-42-2
| ATC_prefix = D06
| ATC_suffix = BB01
| ATC_supplemental =  {{ATC|J05|AB02}}, {{ATC|S01|AD01}}
| PubChem = 5905
| DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}}
| DrugBank = DB00249
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 10481938
| NIAID_ChemDB = 001857
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = LGP81V5245
| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}}
| KEGG = D00342
| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}}
| ChEMBL = 788
<!--Chemical data-->
| C=9 | H=11 | I=1 | N=2 | O=5
| smiles = I\C1=C\N(C(=O)NC1=O)C2C[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/C9H11IN2O5/c10-4-2-12(9(16)11-8(4)15)7-1-5(14)6(3-13)17-7/h2,5-7,13-14H,1,3H2,(H,11,15,16)/t5-,6+,7?/m0/s1
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = XQFRJNBWHJMXHO-GFCOJPQKSA-N
| synonyms = Iododeoksiuridina; IUdR
}}

'''Idoksuridin''' adalah [[obat antivirus]] [[virus herpes|herpes]]. Obat ini adalah [[analog nukleosida]], bentuk modifikasi dari deoksiuridin, yang cukup mirip untuk dimasukkan ke dalam [[replikasi DNA]] virus, tetapi atom [[iodin]] yang ditambahkan ke komponen [[urasil]] menghalangi [[pasangan basa]]. Obat ini hanya digunakan secara [[topikal]] karena bersifat kardiotoksik. Obat ini disintesis oleh William Prusoff pada akhir tahun 1950-an.<ref name=Prusoff /> Awalnya dikembangkan sebagai obat antikanker, kemudian menjadi obat antivirus pertama pada tahun 1962.<ref name="Wilhelmus">{{cite journal | vauthors = Wilhelmus KR | title = Antiviral treatment and other therapeutic interventions for herpes simplex virus epithelial keratitis | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | volume = 1 | pages = CD002898 | date = January 2015 | issue = 1 | pmid = 25879115 | pmc = 4443501 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD002898.pub5 }}</ref>

==Kegunaan klinis==
Idoksuridin terutama digunakan secara topikal untuk mengobati [[keratitis]] [[herpes simpleks]].<ref name="Goodman">Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. Edited by Gilman AG, Rall TW, Nies AS, Taylor P. McGraw-Hill. 8th ed. 1990.</ref> Lesi epitel, terutama serangan awal yang muncul dengan ulkus dendritik, paling responsif terhadap terapi, sedangkan infeksi dengan keterlibatan stroma kurang responsif.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Maxwell E | title = Treatment of herpes keratitis with 5-iodo-2-deoxyuridine (IDU): a clinical evaluation of 1500 cases | journal = American Journal of Ophthalmology | volume = 56 | pages = 571–573 | date = October 1963 | pmid = 14070708 | doi = 10.1016/0002-9394(63)90006-0 }}</ref> Idoksuridin tidak efektif terhadap virus herpes simpleks tipe 2 dan [[virus varicella-zoster]].<ref name="Goodman"/>

==Efek samping==
Efek samping umumnya meliputi iritasi, penglihatan kabur, dan [[fotofobia]].<ref>Drugs.com: [https://www.drugs.com/mtm/idoxuridine-ophthalmic.html Idoxuridine ophthalmic]</ref>

==Formulasi dan dosis==
Idoksuridin tersedia dalam bentuk [[salep]] mata 0,5% atau [[larutan]] mata 0,1%. Dosis salep adalah setiap 4 jam pada siang hari dan sekali sebelum tidur. Dosis larutan adalah 1 tetes di kantung [[konjungtiva]] setiap jam pada siang hari dan setiap 2 jam pada malam hari sampai perbaikan definitif, kemudian 1 tetes setiap 2 jam pada siang hari dan setiap 4 jam pada malam hari. Terapi dilanjutkan selama 3-4 hari setelah penyembuhan selesai, seperti yang ditunjukkan oleh pewarnaan fluoresein.<ref name="Goodman"/>

==Sintesis==
[[File:Idoxuridine synthesis.svg|thumb|center|500px|Sintesis idoksuridin.<ref name=Prusoff>{{cite journal | vauthors = Prusoff WH | title = Synthesis and biological activities of iododeoxyuridine, an analog of thymidine | journal = Biochimica et Biophysica Acta | volume = 32 | issue = 1 | pages = 295–296 | date = March 1959 | pmid = 13628760 | doi = 10.1016/0006-3002(59)90597-9 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite patent|country=FR|number=1336866|pubdate=1963-09-06|title=Nouveau procédé de préparation d'un dérivé de l'uridine et produits utilisés dans ce procédé [New process for preparing a derivative of uridine and products used in this process]|assign1=[[Roussel-Uclaf]]|inventor = Gaston A, Vesperto T }}</ref><ref>{{Cite patent|country=GB|number=1024156|pubdate=1966-03-30|title=Process for the preparation of 5-iodo-2'-desoxy-uridine|assign1=[[Roussel-Uclaf]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Cheong L, Rich MA, Eidinoff ML | title = Introduction of the 5-halogenated uracil moiety into deoxyribonucleic acid of mammalian cells in culture | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 235 | issue = 5 | pages = 1441–1447 | date = May 1960 | pmid = 13809628 | doi = 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)69427-X | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Chang PK, Welch AD | title = Iodination of 2'-Deoxycytidine and Related Substances | journal = Journal of Medicinal Chemistry | volume = 6 | issue = 4 | pages = 428–430 | date = July 1963 | pmid = 14184899 | doi = 10.1021/jm00340a019 }}</ref>]]

==Referensi==
{{Reflist}}
== Bacaan lebih lanjut ==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Seth AK, Misra A, Umrigar D | title = Topical liposomal gel of idoxuridine for the treatment of herpes simplex: pharmaceutical and clinical implications | journal = Pharmaceutical Development and Technology | volume = 9 | issue = 3 | pages = 277–289 | date = August 2004 | pmid = 15458233 | doi = 10.1081/PDT-200031432 | s2cid = 33864681 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Otto SE | title = Radiopharmaceuticals (Strontium 89) and radiosensitizers (idoxuridine) | journal = Journal of Intravenous Nursing | volume = 21 | issue = 6 | pages = 335–337 | year = 1998 | pmid = 10392098 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Fauth E, Zankl H | title = Comparison of spontaneous and idoxuridine-induced micronuclei by chromosome painting | journal = Mutation Research | volume = 440 | issue = 2 | pages = 147–156 | date = April 1999 | pmid = 10209337 | doi = 10.1016/s1383-5718(99)00021-2 | bibcode = 1999MRGTE.440..147F }}
{{refend}}
<!-- Discovered in 1950 -->
[[Kategori:Nukleosida]]
[[Kategori:Pirimidinadiona]]
[[Kategori:Organoiodida]]
[[Kategori:Antivirus herpes]]
[[Kategori:Senyawa hidroksimetil]]