Background The Sustainable Development Goal 12 (SDG12) promotes patterns that minimize waste and ... more Background The Sustainable Development Goal 12 (SDG12) promotes patterns that minimize waste and maximize resource utilization. It is therefore plausible that preventing Early Childhood Caries (ECC) and promoting oral health can contribute to sustainable consumption. In addition, sustainable consumption and production can contribute to the control of ECC. This scoping review aimed to explore the possible evidence on the link between ECC and the SDG12 targets. This scoping review identified articles on the link between resource consumption and production and caries according to the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Three electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus) were systematically searched in August 2023, using specific search terms. Studies written in English, with full text available, addressing dental caries and linked with waste minimization and resource utilization maximisation, with results that could be extrapolated to ECC in children less than 6 years of age) were included. Descriptive statistics were planned to summarize the categories of retrieved papers. The initial search yielded 904 articles, with 863 screened for eligibility after the removal of duplicates. No studies were identified that reported data on an association between responsible consumption and production of resources factors and ECC. This scoping review did not identify any articles published in English on evidence of the direct associations between ECC and SDG12 targets. However, there is a plausibility of such a link using minimum intervention dentistry for ECC management as a waste prevention and resource utilisation maximization strategy.
Objective: To evaluate the oral health knowledge and attitudes among caregivers of three to five ... more Objective: To evaluate the oral health knowledge and attitudes among caregivers of three to five year old children in a rural setting in Kenya. Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Setting: Kiamba Division of Kiambu County, Kenya. Subjects: Three hundred and forty three caregivers participated in the study. A pretested self-administered questionnaire on the causes of dental caries was sent to the caregivers, and 67% of them were returned. Results: Slightly over half (59.5%) of the children had dental caries. The majority of the caregivers (96.1%) reported that consumption of sugary foods causes tooth decay. Approximately 85% of the caregivers reported that deciduous teeth were important but 57% preferred extraction of carious deciduous tooth. Conclusion: Whereas the knowledge of and attitude towards oral health among caregivers was relatively high, the role of infant feeding practices on dental caries was reportedly low. Although the majority of the children brushed their teeth, less than half of them received assistance from their caregivers.
Background: Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) has serious impact on oral health-related qual... more Background: Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) has serious impact on oral health-related quality of life for a child, due to its effects on tooth structure, aesthetics and behavior of the child. The current study was designed to determine the prevalence, pattern and distribution of MIH in school children in Sudan.Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study involving 568 children, aged 8-11 years from schools in Khartoum State. Following the collection of their socio-demographic data, the children were examined for hypomineralization on the 12 MIH-index teeth, the pattern and distribution of the MIH. The data collected was analyzed to obtain descriptive statistics. The results related to the socio-demography and other dental-related factors were tested using chi-square test and Spearman Rank Correlation, with the signi cant level set at P<0.05. Results: The prevalence of MIH in the study population was 20.1%. The majority of the participants had both permanent rst molars (PFMs) and permanent incisors affected (12.5%). However, in 7.6% of the cases only molars were affected. Even though more maxillary teeth were affected when compared to the mandibular teeth, there was no statistical signi cant difference between the occurrence of hypomineralization on mandibular and maxillary molars (P=0.22). Maxillary incisors were signi cantly more affected by MIH when related to the mandibular ones (P=0.00). Demarcated opacities were the commonest pattern of MIH defects (69.9%) in the experimental group. The prevalence of MIH in Sudanese children was 20.1%. In both dental arches, the permanent molars and incisors were frequently affected, with the demarcated opacity type of MIH being the most common form of defect.
Hereditary gingival hyperplasia (HGF) is a rare condition characterised by hyperplastic, dense fi... more Hereditary gingival hyperplasia (HGF) is a rare condition characterised by hyperplastic, dense fibrous connective tissue with acanthotic gingival epithelium. A family presented at the School of Dental Sciences, University of Nairobi with a complaint that some of the children developed swollen gums very early in life and that this got worse with eruption of the permanent teeth. The first born, a 23-year-old male, had had the swellings for over ten years. Other siblings aged 5,9 and 12 years were also affected. The swellings had affected the appearance, speech and the psychosocial wellbeing of the children. The parents were unaffected with apparently negative family histories. Following oral examination and appropriate investigations, conventional gingivectomy was performed of the maxillary and the mandibular gingivae for the siblings: the 23 -12-and the nine-year olds. The fourth affected child, a fiveyear-old, was still in primary dentition and had just started showing mild signs of gingival hyperplasia. The histopathological examination of the specimens from the present cases confirmed features consistent with those of HGF. This article highlights a familial presentation of HGF.
Infant oral mutilation (IOM) is a traditional dental practice where traditional healers enucleate... more Infant oral mutilation (IOM) is a traditional dental practice where traditional healers enucleate primary canine tooth buds in children in the hope of preventing or curing childhood illness. The method applied is heinous, painful, and carried out in unsterile environment, and this increases the morbidity and mortality of children from the communities where IOM is rife. The case report described here arose from a village, where an infant with a medical issue ended up in the hands of a local traditional healer who enucleated her four primary canine tooth buds. The traditional treatment resulted in the fatality of the child in <24 h of the procedure, a testimony that some traditional therapeutic procedures have no place in managing common childhood illnesses.
Background Cerebral palsy (CP) is a non-progressive neuromuscular condition diagnosed in childhoo... more Background Cerebral palsy (CP) is a non-progressive neuromuscular condition diagnosed in childhood. CP as a form of disability, does not cause any specific oral disease. However, some oral conditions are more commonly associated with people with CP compared to the general population. The overarching aim of the current study was to determine the oral hygiene status, gingival status, and the prevalence of dental caries in children with CP attending a leading hospital institution for children with disabilities in Kampala, Uganda. Additionally, we determined the barriers faced by children with CP in accessing oral healthcare. Methods This cross-sectional study was carried out at the Comprehensive Rehabilitation Services Uganda hospital in Kampala, Uganda. Our study population consisted of a convenient sample of 90 children diagnosed with CP aged 3–17 years and their caregivers. A validated and interviewer administered structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic data o...
Geospatial Analysis of Dental Access and Workforce Distribution in Kenya
Annals of Global Health
Oral Diseases and Oral Health–Related Quality of Life among Kenyan Children and Adolescents with HIV
JDR Clinical & Translational Research
Introduction: Children and adolescents living with HIV (CALHIV) have a higher risk of hard and so... more Introduction: Children and adolescents living with HIV (CALHIV) have a higher risk of hard and soft oral tissue diseases as compared with their healthy peers. It is important to increase awareness regarding the need to integrate oral health within medical care among pediatric HIV populations. Studies on associations of oral diseases with oral health–related quality of life (OHRQoL) in CALHIV are lacking. This study examined the association between oral diseases and OHRQoL in Kenyan CALHIV. Methods: This cross-sectional analysis was nested in a longitudinal cohort study of CALHIV in Nairobi. CALHIV received oral examinations, and the World Health Organization’s Oral Health Surveys and Record Form was administered. OHRQoL was measured with the Parental-Caregiver Perceptions Questionnaire, with the subdomains of global, oral symptoms, function limitations, and emotional and social well-being, with higher scores indicating poorer OHRQoL. Linear regression was used to model associations ...
dysphagia following cardiac surgery is a frequently encountered problem, being most commonly due ... more dysphagia following cardiac surgery is a frequently encountered problem, being most commonly due to the sternotomy incision and/or prolonged intubation. Oesophageal candidiasis is an increasing problem that is usually associated with immunosuppression or immunodeficiency. We report a 59 years age, immunocompetent lady whom had developed dysphagia and odynophagia following open cardiac surgery and long term course of antibiotics. diagnosis of candida oesophagitis was established after radiological, endoscopic and microbiological evidence, and successful treatment with combined topical and systemic antifungal therapy was achieved. possibility of immunodeficiency was excluded. We believe that this lady developed oesophageal candidiasis due to a long term course of broad spectrum antibiotics. we discuss the various diagnostic modalities and treatment options.
Background: Molar incisos hypomineralization (MIH) has serious impact on oral health-related qual... more Background: Molar incisos hypomineralization (MIH) has serious impact on oral health-related quality of life for a child, due to its effects on tooth structure, aesthetics and behavior of the child. The current study was designed to determine the prevalence, pattern and distribution of MIH in school children in Sudan.Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study involving 568 children, aged 8-11 years from schools in Khartoum State. After collecting their socio-demographic data, the children were examined for hypomineralization on the 12 MIH indexed teeth, and assessed on the MIH pattern and distribution. The data collected were analyzed to obtain descriptive statstics, and the results related to the socio-demographic and other dental-related factors of the children using chi-square test and Spearman Rank Correlation, with the significant level set at p<0.05.Results: The prevalence of MIH in the study population was 20.1%. Majority of the affected teeth were permanent fi...
Oral health knowledge attitude practices and caries experience among 1 0-12year olds in childrens homes
Oral health knowledge attitude practices and caries experience among 1 0-12year olds in childrens... more Oral health knowledge attitude practices and caries experience among 1 0-12year olds in childrens homes.
HIV-positive children are susceptible to various infections, and they are often placed on long-te... more HIV-positive children are susceptible to various infections, and they are often placed on long-term medications to control and/or prevent these infections. It is possible that the ingestion of these medications by the children could result in some form of dental conditions, like dental caries that possibly results from the intake of sugar-containing medications and poor oral hygiene, and or molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) ensuing from the febrile conditions, ingestion of certain medications and/or other chemicals at the time the dentition is developing. case series: two cases of HIV-positive children have been described in this paper, both of which suffered from severe dental caries and MIH. the treatment included extractions and extensive dental restorative procedures to improve their masticatory function and aesthetics. conclusion: HIV-positive children may be at a greater risk of developing dental caries and MIH.
To cite: Kemoli AM, Sidhu SK, Cheng L. The need for global safeguards for fundamental rights of c... more To cite: Kemoli AM, Sidhu SK, Cheng L. The need for global safeguards for fundamental rights of children at risk of infant oral mutilation (IOM).
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