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== Events ==
=== Up to 1900 ===
* [[218 BC]] – [[Battle of the Trebia]], [[Hannibal]]'s first great victory over the [[Roman Republic]].
* [[1271]] - [[Kublai Khan]] renames his [[Empire]] [[Yuan dynasty|Yuan]].
* [[1352]] – [[Pope Innocent VI|Innocent VI]] is elected [[Pope]].
* [[1622]] - [[Portugal|Portuguese]] forces score a [[military]] victory over the [[Kingdom of Kongo]] at the [[Battle of Mbumbi]] in present-day [[Angola]].
* [[1642]] – [[Abel Tasman]] lands at [[Mohua Golden Bay]] becoming the first [[Europe]]an in [[New Zealand]].
* [[1644]] - [[Christina of Sweden]] reaches the age 18, allowing her to govern alone.
* [[1776]] – [[North Carolina]]'s [[Constitution]] is ratified.
* [[1777]] - The [[United States]] celebrates it first [[Thanksgiving Day]]. The holiday is nowadays celebrated in late [[November]].
* [[1787]] – [[New Jersey]] becomes the third state to ratify the [[United States Constitution]].
* [[1793]] - Surrender of the frigate ''La Lutine'' by [[France|French]] Royalists to Lord [[Samuel Hood]].
* [[1865]] – [[Slavery]] is abolished in the [[United States]], with the passing of the [[United States Constitution/Amendment Thirteen|13th Amendment]].
* [[1867]] - The last [[Rail transport|coach]] of a Lake Shore [[Railway]] [[train]] derails, plunges down a [[gully]] and catches [[fire]] in [[Angola, New York|Angola]], [[New York (state)|New York]], killing 49 people.
* [[1878]] - The Al-Thani [[family]] takes over the [[government]] of [[Qatar]].
* [[1878]] - French [[passenger]] steamer ''Byzantin'' collides with British steamer ''Rinaldo'' and sinks in a [[storm]] in the [[Dardanelles]], [[Turkey]], killing 150 people.
* [[1884]] - Swedish [[newspaper]] [[Svenska Dagbladet]] is published for the first time.
* [[1888]] - [[Richard Wetherill]] and his brother-in-law discover the ancient [[Native American]] ruins of Cliff Palace in [[Mesa Verde]].
* [[1892]] – [[Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky]]'s Nutcracker Suite premiers in [[Saint Petersburg|St. Petersburg]].
* [[1894]] – Women in [[South Australia]] become the first in [[Australia]] to gain the right to vote and to be elected to [[Parliament]].
* [[1898]] - [[Gaston de Chasseloup-Laubat]] sets the officially recognized land-speed record of 39.245 miles per hour (63.159 kilometers per hour) in Jeantaud electric [[car]].

=== 1901 {{ndash}} 2000 ===
* [[1912]] – [[Piltdown Man]] is "discovered". It is later revealed to be a [[hoax]].
* [[1914]] – [[Egypt]] becomes a British Protectorate.
* [[1916]] – The [[Battle of Verdun]] ends in [[World War I]].
* [[1917]] - The [[United States Congress]] passes the 18th Amendment to the [[United States Constitution]], to enact [[prohibition]] of [[alcohol]].
* [[1921]] - [[Soccer]]: [[Poland national football team|Poland]] plays its first-ever match, losing 1-0 to [[Hungary national football team|Hungary]].
* [[1925]] - [[António Maria da Silva]] becomes the last [[Prime Minister]] of the First [[Portugal|Portuguese]] [[Republic]].
* [[1926]] – ''[[The Makropulos Affair]]'', an [[opera]] by the [[Czech Republic|Czech]] [[composer]] [[Leos Janacek|Leoš Janáček]], premieres in [[Brno]], the [[Czech Republic]].
* [[1932]] - The [[Chicago Bears]] defeat the [[Portsmouth Spartans]] 9-0 in the first-ever [[NFL]] championship game in [[Chicago]].
* [[1939]] - [[World War II]]: The [[Battle of Heligoland Bight]], the first major air [[battle]] of the war, begins.
* [[1944]] – The first edition of the French [[newspaper]] ''[[Le Monde]]'' is published.
* [[1944]] – [[Typhoon Cobra]] hits the island of [[Luzon]] in the [[Philippines]], killing 790 people.
* [[1956]] – [[Japan]] joins the [[UN]].
* [[1958]] – [[Niger]] becomes an autonomous state within the French Community on December 4, 1958, after the establishment of the Fifth French Republic. Following full independence on August 3, 1960, however, membership was allowed to lapse.
* [[1958]] - Project SCORE, the world's first [[communications satellite]], is launched.
* [[1961]] – [[Indonesia]] invades [[New Guinea]] to annex [[western New Guinea]], formerly known as [[Netherlands New Guinea]].
* [[1961]] - [[India]]n troops enter the then-Portuguese colonies of [[Goa]] and [[Daman and Diu]], leading to them becoming part of [[India]].
* [[1965]] – [[Japan]] and [[South Korea]] begin formal relations
* [[1966]] – [[Saturn (planet)|Saturn]]'s moon [[Epimetheus (moon)|Epimetheus]] is discovered by [[Richard L. Walker]], and then lost for 12 years
* [[1969]] – [[Capital punishment]] is ended in the [[United Kingdom]].
* [[1971]] - The [[Capitol Reef National Park]] is created in [[Utah]].
* [[1971]] - [[Alaska]]: The [[Alaska Native Claims Settlements Act]] takes effect.
* [[1973]] – The [[Soyuz 13]] is launched.
* [[1975]] - [[Louis Sylvain Goma]] becomes [[Prime Minister]] of the [[Republic of the Congo]].
* [[1978]] – [[Dominica]] joins the [[UN]].
* [[1990]] - [[International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families]] is adopted.
* [[1992]] – [[Kim Young-sam]] is elected [[President of South Korea]], ending a period of [[military]] rule.
* [[1995]] - A Lockheed L-188 Electra of [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|Congolese]] Trans Service Airlift [[airline]] crashes shortly after take-off from Jumba, [[Angola]], killing 141 people, with 3 surviving the crash.
* [[1996]] – "[[Ebonics]]" is declared a language or [[dialect]] by the outgoing school board of [[Oakland, California]], whose vote was overturned by the incoming board.
* [[1997]] - [[Kim Dae Jung]] is elected [[President of South Korea]].
* [[1997]] – [[HTML]] 4.0 is released by the [[World Wide Web Consortium]].

=== From 2001 ===
* [[2002]] – ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (movie)|The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers]]'', the second movie in [[Peter Jackson]]'s [[The Lord of the Rings movie series|''The Lord of the Rings'' movie trilogy]], opens in theaters.
* [[2002]] – [[California]] [[Governor of California|Governor]] [[Gray Davis]] announces that the state would face a record [[Economic deficit|budget deficit]] of $35 billion, roughly double the figure reported during his reelection campaign one month earlier; the budget issue was used to support his [[2003 California recall|2003 recall]] from office.
* [[2003]] – The [[Simple English Wikipedia]] begins using the [[MediaWiki]] [[software]].
* [[2005]] - Civil war begins in [[Chad]].
* [[2005]] - [[Evo Morales]] is elected [[President]] of [[Bolivia]].
* [[2006]] - [[Flood]]ing begins in [[Malaysia]], which will result in 118 deaths.
* [[2006]] - The [[United Arab Emirates]] holds its first elections.
* [[2017]] - [[Sebastian Kurz]] becomes [[Chancellor of Austria]], leading a right-wing coalition government.
* [[2019]] - The [[United States House of Representatives]] votes for the [[first impeachment of Donald Trump]].

== Births ==
== Births ==
=== Up to 1900 ===
* [[1626]] – [[Christina, Queen of Sweden]] (d. [[1689]])
* [[1392]] - [[John VIII Palaeologus]], Byzantine Emperor (d. [[1448]])
* [[1418]] - [[Albert VI, Archduke of Austria]] (d. [[1463]])
* [[1575]] - [[Michelangelo Galilei]], Italian [[composer]] (d. [[1631]])
* [[1626]] – [[Christina of Sweden]] (d. [[1689]])
* [[1661]] – [[Christopher Polhem]], Swedish [[scientist]] and [[inventor]] (d. [[1751]])
* [[1661]] – [[Christopher Polhem]], Swedish [[scientist]] and [[inventor]] (d. [[1751]])
* [[1662]] - [[James Douglas, 2nd Duke of Queensberry]], Scottish [[politician]] (d. [[1711]])
* [[1707]] - [[Charles Wesley]], English [[hymn]] [[composer]] (d. [[1788]])
* [[1718]] - [[Grand Duchess Anna Leopoldovna of Russia]] (d. [[1746]])
* [[1734]] - [[Jean-Baptiste Rey]], French [[Conductor (music)|conductor]] and [[composer]] (d. [[1810]])
* [[1768]] - [[Marie-Guillemine Benoist]], French painter (d. [[1826]])
* [[1778]] – [[Joseph Grimaldi]], English [[clown]] (d. [[1837]])
* [[1778]] – [[Joseph Grimaldi]], English [[clown]] (d. [[1837]])
* [[1788]] - [[Camille Pleyel]], French pianist (d. [[1855]])
* [[1803]] - [[William Allen (governor)|William Allen]], 31st [[Governor]] of [[Ohio]] (d. [[1879]])
* [[1824]] - [[John Hall (New Zealand politician)|John Hall]], 12th [[Prime Minister of New Zealand]] (d. [[1907]])
* [[1825]] - [[Charles Griffin]], American general (d. [[1876]])
* [[1825]] - [[Charles Griffin]], American general (d. [[1876]])
* [[1835]] – [[Lyman Abbott]], American author (d. [[1922]])
* [[1828]] - [[Viktor Rydberg]], Swedish writer (d. [[1895]])
* [[1849]] – [[Henrietta Edwards]], Canadian Women's rights activist (d. [[1931]])
* [[1835]] – [[Lyman Abbott]], American writer (d. [[1922]])
* [[1847]] - [[Augusta Holmès]], French [[composer]] (d. [[1903]])
* [[1848]] - [[Roger Allin]], 4th [[Governor]] of [[North Dakota]] (d. [[1936]])
* [[1849]] – [[Henrietta Edwards]], Canadian women's rights activist (d. [[1931]])
* [[1856]] – [[J. J. Thomson]], English [[physicist]] (d. [[1940]])
* [[1856]] – [[J. J. Thomson]], English [[physicist]] (d. [[1940]])
* [[1861]] - [[Lionel Monckton]], English composer (d. [[1924]])
* [[1861]] - [[Lionel Monckton]], English composer (d. [[1924]])
* [[1863]] – [[Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria]] (d. [[1914]])
* [[1863]] – [[Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria]] (d. [[1914]])
* [[1868]] - [[Carlo Perosi]], Italian [[cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinal]] (d. [[1930]])
* [[1870]] - [[Saki]] ([[Hector Hugh Munro]]), British writer (d. [[1916]])
* [[1873]] - [[Francis Burton Harrison]], American politician (d. [[1957]])
* [[1879]] – [[Joseph Stalin]], [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]]n-born leader of the [[Soviet Union]] (d. [[1953]])
* [[1879]] – [[Joseph Stalin]], [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]]n-born leader of the [[Soviet Union]] (d. [[1953]])
* [[1879]] – [[Paul Klee]], Swiss-born [[painter]] (d. [[1940]])
* [[1879]] – [[Paul Klee]], Swiss-born [[painter]] (d. [[1940]])
* [[1882]] - [[Richard Maury]], American-Argentine [[engineer]] (d. [[1950]])
* [[1883]] - [[Raimu]], French actor (d. [[1946]])
* [[1884]] - [[Emil Starkenstein]], Czech clinical [[Pharmacology|pharmacologist]] (d. [[1942]])
* [[1886]] – [[Ty Cobb]], American [[baseball]] player (d. [[1961]])
* [[1886]] – [[Ty Cobb]], American [[baseball]] player (d. [[1961]])
* [[1887]] - [[Bhikhari Thakur]], Indian [[actress]], [[singer]] and [[playwright]] (d. [[1971]])
* [[1888]] – [[Gladys Cooper]], English actress (d. [[1971]])
* [[1888]] – [[Gladys Cooper]], English actress (d. [[1971]])
* [[1911]] – [[Jules Dassin]], American [[Movie|film]] [[Film director|director]] (d. [[2008]])
* [[1888]] - [[Robert Moses]], American urban planner (d. [[1981]])
* [[1913]] – [[Willy Brandt]], [[Chancellor of Germany]] (d. [[1992]])
* [[1890]] - [[Edwin Howard Armstrong]], American [[engineer]] (d. [[1954]])
* [[1897]] - [[Fletcher Henderson]], American [[pianist]], [[bandleader]] and [[composer]] (d. [[1952]])
* [[1899]] - [[Peter Wessel Zapffe]], Norwegian [[philosopher]] and [[writer]] (d. [[1990]])

=== 1901 {{ndash}} 1950 ===
* [[1904]] - [[George Stevens]], American [[Movie director|director]] (d. [[1975]])
* [[1907]] - [[Lawrence Lucie]], American [[guitar]]ist (d. [[2009]])
* [[1907]] - [[Christopher Fry]], British [[writer]] and [[dramatist]] (d. [[2005]])
* [[1908]] - [[Paul Siple]], American geographer and explorer (d. [[1969]])
* [[1911]] – [[Jules Dassin]], American [[movie director]] (d. [[2008]])
* [[1912]] - [[Givi Javakhishvili]], 12th [[Prime Minister]] of [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] (d. [[1985]])
* [[1912]] - [[Benjamin O. Davis, Jr.]], American [[General officer|general]] (d. [[2002]])
* [[1913]] – [[Willy Brandt]], [[Chancellor of Germany|Chancellor of West Germany]] (d. [[1992]])
* [[1916]] – [[Betty Grable]], American actress (d. [[1973]])
* [[1916]] – [[Betty Grable]], American actress (d. [[1973]])
* [[1927]] – [[Romeo LeBlanc]], 25th Governor-General of [[Canada]] (d. [[2009]])
* [[1916]] - [[Anselm Strauss]], American [[Sociology|sociologist]] (d. [[1996]])
* [[1917]] - [[Ossie Davis]], American [[actor]] and [[activist]] (d. [[2005]])
* [[1920]] - [[Merlyn Rees]], Welsh politician; d. [[2006]]
* [[1921]] - [[Yuri Nikulin]], Russian actor (d. [[1997]])
* [[1922]] - [[Larry D. Mann]], Canadian-American actor (d. [[2014]])
* [[1922]] - [[Esther Lederberg]], American [[Microbiology|microbiologist]] (d. [[2006]])
* [[1923]] - [[Lotti van der Gaag]], Dutch sculptor and painter (d. [[1999]])
* [[1923]] - [[Edwin Bramall]], English [[army]] officer (d. [[2019]])
* [[1924]] - [[Orlando Ramón Agosti]], Argentine general and politician (d. [[1997]])
* [[1927]] – [[Roméo LeBlanc]], 25th [[Governor General of Canada]] (d. [[2009]])
* [[1927]] - [[Ramsey Clark]], 66th [[United States Attorney General]]
* [[1927]] - [[Ramsey Clark]], 66th [[United States Attorney General]]
* [[1928]] - [[Mirza Tahir Ahmad]], Indian-Pakistani [[Islam|Muslim]] leader (d. [[2003]])
* [[1929]] - [[Józef Glemp]], Polish [[cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinal]] (d. [[2013]])
* [[1929]] - [[Bob Jane]], Australian racing driver and entrepreneur; d. [[2018]]
* [[1931]] – [[Allen Klein]], American music manager (d. [[2009]])
* [[1931]] – [[Allen Klein]], American music manager (d. [[2009]])
* [[1932]] - [[Roger Smith]], American actor
* [[1933]] - [[Lonnie Brooks]], American [[singer]] and [[guitar]]ist (d. [[2017]])
* [[1934]] - [[Marc Rich]], Belgian-American [[business]]man (d. [[2013]])
* [[1934]] - [[Boris Volynov]], Soviet-Russian [[cosmonaut]]
* [[1934]] - [[John Bingham, 7th Earl of Lucan]] (Lord Lucan), British [[aristocrat]] and murder suspect (not seen since [[1974]])
* [[1938]] - [[Chas Chandler]], English [[Bass guitar|bass]] player and [[producer]] ([[The Animals]]) (d. [[1996]])
* [[1939]] – [[Harold E. Varmus]], American [[scientist]]
* [[1939]] – [[Harold E. Varmus]], American [[scientist]]
* [[1943]] – [[Keith Richards]], English guitarist
* [[1939]] - [[Sandro Lopopolo]], Italian boxer (d. [[2014]])
* [[1940]] - Bram Morrison, Canadian singer and musician (Sharon, Lois & Bram)
* [[1946]] – [[Steven Spielberg]], American film director
* [[1941]] - [[Sam Andrews]], American [[musician]] (d. [[2015]])
* [[1941]] - [[Prince William of Gloucester]], British [[nobleman]] (d. [[1972]])
* [[1943]] – [[Keith Richards]], English guitarist ([[Rolling Stones]])
* [[1943]] - [[Bobby Keys]], American [[Saxophone|saxophonist]] (d. [[2014]])
* [[1946]] – [[Steven Spielberg]], American movie director
* [[1946]] – [[Steve Biko]], South African anti-[[Apartheid]] activist (d. [[1977]])
* [[1946]] – [[Steve Biko]], South African anti-[[Apartheid]] activist (d. [[1977]])
* [[1949]] – [[David A. Johnston]], American [[volcano]]logist (d. [[1980]])
* [[1948]] - [[Bill Nelson]], English [[musician]]
* [[1949]] – [[David A. Johnston]], American [[volcanology|volcanologist]] (d. [[1980]])
* [[1949]] - [[Laurent Voulzy]], French [[singer-songwriter]] and [[guitar]]ist
* [[1950]] - [[Gillian Armstrong]], Australian [[Movie director|director]]
* [[1950]] – [[Sarath Fonseka]], [[Sri Lanka]]n military commander and politician
* [[1950]] – [[Sarath Fonseka]], [[Sri Lanka]]n military commander and politician

* [[1951]] – [[Volker Bouffier]], German politician
=== 1951 {{ndash}} 1975 ===
* [[1951]] - [[Alvin E. Roth]], American [[economist]].
* [[1951]] – [[Volker Bouffier]], German politician, [[Prime Minister]] of [[Hesse]]
* [[1951]] - [[Alvin E. Roth]], American [[economist]]
* [[1952]] - [[Krystyna Janda]], Polish actress
* [[1953]] - [[David Chipperfield]], English [[architect]]
* [[1954]] - [[Ray Liotta]], American actor
* [[1954]] - [[Ray Liotta]], American actor
* [[1956]] - [[Reinhold Ewald]], German [[physicist]] and [[astronaut]]
* [[1956]] - [[Ron White]], American [[comedian]] and [[actor]]
* [[1957]] - [[Jonathan Cainer]], English [[Astrology|astrologer]] (d. [[2016]])
* [[1958]] - [[Geordie Walker]], English [[guitar]]ist
* [[1963]] – [[Pierre Nkurunziza]], [[President]] of [[Burundi]]
* [[1963]] – [[Pierre Nkurunziza]], [[President]] of [[Burundi]]
* [[1963]] – [[Charles Oakley]], American basketball player
* [[1963]] – [[Charles Oakley]], American basketball player
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* [[1968]] – [[Casper Van Dien]], American actor
* [[1968]] – [[Casper Van Dien]], American actor
* [[1968]] - [[Nina Wadia]], English actress
* [[1968]] - [[Nina Wadia]], English actress
* [[1969]] – [[Santiago Canizares]], Spanish [[footballer]]
* [[1969]] – [[Santiago Cañizares]], Spanish [[footballer]]
* [[1972]] - [[Rob Van Dam]], [[American]] [[professional wrestling|wrestler]].
* [[1969]] - [[Justin Edinburgh]], English [[footballer]] and manager (d. [[2019]])
* [[1970]] - [[Rob Van Dam]], American [[professional wrestling|professional wrestler]]
* [[1970]] - [[Bridie Carter]], Australian actress
* [[1971]] - [[Arantxa Sánchez Vicario]], Spanish [[tennis]] player
* [[1972]] - [[Daniel Andersson (footballer, born 1972)|Daniel Andersson]], Swedish [[footballer]]
* [[1973]] - [[Lucy Worsley]], English [[historian]] and [[television]] presenter
* [[1974]] - [[Knut Schreiner]], Norwegian [[singer]], [[guitar]]ist and [[producer]]
* [[1975]] - [[Sia Furler]], Australian singer

=== From 1976 ===
* [[1977]] - [[Axwell]], Swedish [[DJ]] and [[producer]] ([[Swedish House Mafia]])
* [[1978]] – [[Katie Holmes]], American actress
* [[1978]] – [[Katie Holmes]], American actress
* [[1979]] – [[Mamady Sidibe]], [[Mali]]an [[footballer]]
* [[1979]] – [[Mamady Sidibé]], [[Mali|Malian]] [[footballer]]
* [[1980]] - [[Julie Fleeting]], Scottish footballer
* [[1980]] - [[Julie Fleeting]], Scottish footballer
* [[1980]] – [[Christina Aguilera]], American singer
* [[1980]] – [[Christina Aguilera]], American singer
* [[1980]] - [[Neil Fingleton]], English actor (d. [[2017]])
* [[1982]] - [[Pontus Carlsson]], Swedish [[chess]] player
* [[1982]] - [[Craig Fallon]], British [[judo|judoka]] (d. [[2019]])
* [[1985]] – [[Heidi Andreasen]], [[Faroe Islands|Faroese]] [[Swimming|swimmer]]
* [[1985]] – [[Heidi Andreasen]], [[Faroe Islands|Faroese]] [[Swimming|swimmer]]
* [[1985]] - [[Tara Conner]], American [[Model (person)|model]]
* [[1985]] - [[Natalie Gal]], Russian-American [[Model (person)|model]] and [[actress]]
* [[1985]] - [[Hana Soukupová]], Czech model
* [[1986]] - [[Usman Khawaja]], Australian cricketer
* [[1987]] – [[Ayaka]], Japanese singer
* [[1987]] – [[Ayaka]], Japanese singer
* [[1987]] – [[Miki Ando]], Japanese figure skater
* [[1987]] – [[Miki Ando]], Japanese figure skater
* [[1987]] - [[Dan Lydiate]], Welsh [[rugby]] player
* [[1987]] - [[Yuki Furukawa]], Japanese actor
* [[1987]] - [[Dan Lydiate]], Welsh [[Rugby football|rugby]] player
* [[1988]] - [[Lizzie Armitstead]], British cyclist
* [[1988]] - [[Lizzie Armitstead]], British cyclist
* [[1989]] - [[Ashley Benson]], Amerrican actress
* [[1988]] - [[Brianne Theissen-Eaton]], Canadian [[Heptathlon|heptathlete]]
* [[1988]] - [[Imad Wasim]], Pakistani [[cricket]]er
* [[1989]] - [[Ashley Benson]], American actress
* [[1992]] - [[Bridgit Mendler]], American singer and actress
* [[1994]] - [[Gerard Gumbau]], Spanish [[footballer]]
* [[2001]] - [[Billie Eilish]], American singer and songwriter


== Deaths ==
== Deaths ==
=== Up to 1900 ===
* [[821]] – [[Theodulf]], Bishop of Orléans
* [[821]] – [[Theodulf]], Bishop of Orleans
* [[1075]] - [[Edith of Wessex]] (b. [[1025]])
* [[1133]] - [[Hildebert]], French [[poet]] and scholar (b. [[1055]])
* [[1290]] – King [[Magnus I of Sweden]] (b. [[1240]])
* [[1290]] – King [[Magnus I of Sweden]] (b. [[1240]])
* [[1495]] – King [[Alphonso I of Naples]] (b. [[1448]])
* [[1495]] – King [[Alphonso I of Naples]] (b. [[1448]])
* [[1591]] - [[Marigje Arriens]], Dutch woman accused of [[witchcraft]] (b. [[1520]])
* [[1737]] – [[Antonio Stradivari]], Italian violin maker
* [[1737]] – [[Antonio Stradivari]], Italian violin maker
* [[1803]] – [[Johann Gottfried Herder]], German writer (b. [[1744]])
* [[1803]] – [[Johann Gottfried Herder]], German writer (b. [[1744]])
* [[1829]] - [[Jean-Baptiste Lamarck]], French soldier and biologist (b. [[1744]])
* [[1848]] – [[Bernard Bolzano]], Czech [[mathematician]] (b. [[1781]])
* [[1848]] – [[Bernard Bolzano]], Czech [[mathematician]] (b. [[1781]])
* [[1869]] – [[Louis Moreau Gottschalk]], American composer and pianist (b. [[1829]])
* [[1869]] – [[Louis Moreau Gottschalk]], American composer and pianist (b. [[1829]])
* [[1880]] - [[Michel Chasles]], French [[mathematician]] (b. [[1793]])
* [[1892]] - [[Richard Owen]], English biologist (b. [[1804]])

=== 1901 {{ndash}} 2000 ===
* [[1922]] - [[Carl Meyer, 1st Baronet]], German-English banker and businessman (b. [[1851]])
* [[1936]] - [[Leonardo Torres y Quevedo]], Spanish [[mathematician]] and [[inventor]] (b. [[1852]])
* [[1936]] – [[Andrija Mohorovicic|Andrija Mohorovičić]], [[Croatia]]n [[seismology|seismologist]] (b. [[1857]])
* [[1936]] – [[Andrija Mohorovicic|Andrija Mohorovičić]], [[Croatia]]n [[seismology|seismologist]] (b. [[1857]])
* [[1954]] - [[Pedro Luna]], [[Chile]]an painter (b. [[1896]])
* [[1969]] - [[Charles Dvorak]], American athlete (b. [[1878]])
* [[1969]] - [[Charles Dvorak]], American athlete (b. [[1878]])
* [[1971]] – [[Bobby Jones]], American golfer (b. [[1902]])
* [[1971]] – [[Bobby Jones]], American golfer (b. [[1902]])
* [[1971]] – [[Diana Lynn]], American actress (b. [[1926]])
* [[1974]] – [[Harry Hooper]], [[Baseball Hall of Fame]]r (b. [[1887]])
* [[1974]] – [[Harry Hooper]], [[Baseball Hall of Fame]]r (b. [[1887]])
* [[1980]] – [[Alexei Kosygin]], Soviet premier (b. [[1904]])
* [[1980]] – [[Alexei Kosygin]], Soviet premier (b. [[1904]])
* [[1982]] – [[Hans-Ulrich Rudel]], highly decorated [[Germany|German]] pilot during [[World War II]] (b. [[1916]]).
* [[1982]] – [[Hans-Ulrich Rudel]], highly decorated [[Germany|German]] pilot during [[World War II]] (b. [[1916]]).
* [[1990]] - [[Anne Revere]], American actress (b. [[1903]])
* [[1990]] – [[Paul Tortelier]], French musician (b. [[1914]])
* [[1990]] – [[Paul Tortelier]], French musician (b. [[1914]])
* [[1991]] – [[George Abecassis]], English race car driver (b. [[1913]])
* [[1991]] – [[George Abecassis]], English race car driver (b. [[1913]])
Line 75: Line 246:
* [[1997]] – [[Chris Farley]], American actor and comedian (b. [[1964]])
* [[1997]] – [[Chris Farley]], American actor and comedian (b. [[1964]])
* [[1998]] – [[Lev Demin]], Soviet cosmonaut (b. [[1926]])
* [[1998]] – [[Lev Demin]], Soviet cosmonaut (b. [[1926]])
* [[1999]] – [[Robert Bresson]], French film director (b. [[1907]])
* [[1999]] – [[Robert Bresson]], French movie director (b. [[1907]])
* [[2000]] – [[Kirsty MacColl]], British musician (b. [[1959]])
* [[2000]] – [[Kirsty MacColl]], British musician (b. [[1959]])

=== From 2001 ===
* [[2001]] – [[Gilbert Bécaud]], singer (b. [[1927]])
* [[2001]] – [[Gilbert Bécaud]], singer (b. [[1927]])
* [[2002]] – [[Ray Hnatyshyn]], [[Governor-General of Canada]] (b. [[1934]])
* [[2002]] – [[Ray Hnatyshyn]], [[Governor General of Canada]] (b. [[1934]])
* [[2004]] – [[Princess Takamatsu]] of [[Japan]] (b. [[1911]])
* [[2004]] – [[Princess Takamatsu]] of [[Japan]] (b. [[1911]])
* [[2006]] – [[Joseph Barbera]], [[United States|American]] [[animation|animator]] (b. [[1911]])
* [[2006]] – [[Joseph Barbera]], [[United States|American]] [[animation|animator]] (b. [[1911]])
* [[2008]] – [[W. Mark Felt]], American [[Watergate scandal|Watergate]] agent, known as 'Deep Throat' (b. [[1913]])
* [[2006]] - [[Ruth Bernhard]], American [[photograph]]er (b. [[1905]])
* [[2008]] – [[Mark Felt]], American [[Watergate scandal|Watergate]] agent, known as 'Deep Throat' (b. [[1913]])
* [[2010]] – [[Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa]], Italian banker and politician (b. [[1940]])
* [[2010]] – [[Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa]], Italian banker and politician (b. [[1940]])
* [[2010]] - [[Jacqueline de Romilly]], French [[Philology|philologist]], writer and scholar (b. [[1913]])
* [[2011]] – [[Václav Havel]], Czech [[playwright]], [[statesman]] and [[President]] of [[Czechoslovakia]] and the [[Czech Republic]] (b. [[1936]])
* [[2011]] – [[Václav Havel]], Czech [[playwright]], [[statesman]] and [[President]] of [[Czechoslovakia]] and the [[Czech Republic]] (b. [[1936]])
* [[2012]] - [[Mustafa Ould Salek]], [[President]] of [[Mauritania]] (b. [[1936]])

* [[2013]] - [[Ronnie Biggs]], British train robber (b. [[1929]])
== Events ==
* [[218 BC]] – [[Battle of the Trebia]], [[Hannibal]]'s first great victory over the [[Roman Republic]].
* [[2014]] - [[Virna Lisi]], Italian actress (b. [[1936]])
* [[1352]] – [[Pope Innocent VI|Innocent VI]] is elected [[Pope]].
* [[2014]] - [[Mandy Rice-Davies]], British model and media personality (b. [[1944]])
* [[2014]] - [[Ingvar Kjellson]], Swedish actor (b. [[1923]])
* [[1642]] – [[Abel Tasman]] lands at [[Mohua Golden Bay]] becoming the first [[Europe]]an in [[New Zealand]].
* [[2014]] - [[Gideon Ben-Yisrael]], Israeli politician (b. [[1922]])
* [[1776]] – [[North Carolina]]'s [[Constitution]] is ratified.
* [[2014]] - [[Larry Smith (producer)|Larry Smith]], American record producer (b. [[1951]])
* [[1787]] – [[New Jersey]] becomes the third state to ratify the [[United States Constitution]].
* [[2014]] - [[Robert Simpson (meteorologist)|Robert Simpson]], American [[Meteorology|meteorologist]] (b. [[1912]])
* [[1865]] – [[Slavery]] is abolished in the [[United States]], with the passing of the [[United States Constitution/Amendment Thirteen|13th Amendment]].
* [[2015]] - [[Helge Solum Larsen]], Norwegian politician (b. [[1969]])
* [[1892]] – [[Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky]]'s Nutcracker Suite premiers in [[Saint Petersburg|St. Petersburg]].
* [[2016]] - [[Zsa Zsa Gabor]], Hungarian-American [[actress]] and [[socialite]] (b. [[1917]])
* [[1894]] – Women in [[South Australia]] become the first in [[Australia]] to gain the right to vote and to be elected to Parliament.
* [[1912]] – [[Piltdown Man]] is "discovered". It is later revealed to be a [[hoax]].
* [[2017]] - [[Janet Benshoof]], American activist and lawyer (b. [[1947]])
* [[2017]] - [[Jonghyun]], South Korean [[singer-songwriter]] (b. [[1990]])
* [[1914]] – [[Egypt]] becomes a British Protectorate.
* [[1916]] – The [[Battle of Verdun]] ends in [[World War I]]
* [[2017]] - [[Altero Matteoli]], Italian politician (b. [[1940]])
* [[2017]] - [[Arseny Roginsky]], Russian dissident and historian (b. [[1946]])
* [[1926]] – ''[[The Makropulos Affair]]'', an [[opera]] by the [[Czech Republic|Czech]] [[composer]] [[Leos Janacek|Leoš Janáček]], premieres in [[Brno]], the [[Czech Republic]].
* [[2018]] - [[David C. H. Austin]], British rose breeder (b. [[1926]])
* [[1944]] – The first edition of the French [[newspaper]] [[Le Monde]] is published.
* 2018 - [[Alex Badeh]], Nigerian politician and air force officer (b. [[1957]])
* [[1944]] – [[Typhoon]] Cobra hits the island of [[Luzon]] in the [[Philippines]], killing 790 people.
* 2018 - [[Steve Daskewisz]], American actor and stuntman (b. [[1944]])
* [[1946]] – [[Japan]] joins the [[UN]].
* 2018 - [[Tulsi Giri]], Nepalese politician (b. [[1926]])
* [[1958]] – [[Niger]] becomes an autonomous state within the French Community on December 4, 1958, after the establishment of the Fifth French Republic. Following full independence on August 3, 1960, however, membership was allowed to lapse.
* 2018 - [[Kazimierz Kutz]], Polish film director and politician (b. [[1929]])
* [[1961]] – [[Indonesia]] invades [[New Guinea]] to annex [[western New Guinea]], formerly known as [[Netherlands New Guinea]].
* 2018 - [[Peter Masterson]], American playwright (b. [[1934]])
* [[1965]] – [[Japan]] and [[South Korea]] begin formal relations
* 2018 - [[Robert Neild]], British economist (b. [[1924]])
* [[1966]] – [[Saturn (planet)|Saturn]]'s moon [[Epimetheus (moon)|Epimetheus]] is discovered by [[Richard L. Walker]], and then lost for 12 years
* 2018 - [[Shinobu Sekine]], Japanese [[judo|judoka]] (b. [[1943]])
* [[1969]] – [[Capital punishment]] is ended in the [[United Kingdom]].
* 2018 - [[Bill Slater (footballer)|Bill Slater]], English [[footballer]] (b. [[1927]])
* [[1973]] – The [[Soyuz 13]] is launched.
* [[1978]] – [[Dominica]] joins the [[UN]].
* 2018 - [[Raimo Vartia]], Finnish [[basketball]] player (b. [[1937]])
* [[2019]] - [[Claudine Auger]], French actress (b. [[1941]])
* [[1992]] – [[Kim Young-sam]] is elected [[President of South Korea]], ending a period of [[military]] rule.
* 2019 - [[Alain Barrière]], French pop singer (b. [[1935]])
* [[1996]] – "[[Ebonics]]" is declared a language or [[dialect]] by the outgoing school board of [[Oakland, California]], whose vote was overturned by the incoming board.
* 2019 - [[Herman Boone]], American football coach (b. [[1935]])
* [[1997]] – [[HTML]] 4.0 is released by the [[World Wide Web Consortium]].
* 2019 - [[Zafar Chaudhry]], Pakistani military officer (b. [[1926]])
* [[2002]] – ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (film)|The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers]]'', the second film in [[Peter Jackson]]'s [[The Lord of the Rings film trilogy|''The Lord of the Rings'' movie trilogy]], opens in theaters.
* 2019 - [[Geulah Cohen]], Israeli politician (b. [[1925]])
* [[2002]] – [[California]] [[Governor of California|Governor]] [[Gray Davis]] announces that the state would face a record [[budget deficit]] of $35 billion, roughly double the figure reported during his reelection campaign one month earlier; the budget issue was used to support his [[2003 California recall|2003 recall]] from office.
* 2019 - [[Leandro Despouy]], Argentine politician and activist (b. [[1947]])
* [[2003]] – The [[Simple English Wikipedia]] begins using the [[MediaWiki]] [[software]].
* [[2005]] - Civil War begins in [[Chad]].
* 2019 - [[Ibrahim Diarra]], French [[rugby union]] player (b. [[1983]])
* 2019 - [[Kenny Lynch]], English singer-songwriter and actor (b. [[1938]])
* [[2006]] - The [[United Arab Emirates]] holds its first elections.
* 2019 - [[Abbey Simon]], American pianist (b. [[1920]])


== Observances ==
== Observances ==
Line 121: Line 297:
* [[New Jersey]] Day
* [[New Jersey]] Day
* Republic Day ([[Niger]])
* Republic Day ([[Niger]])
* International Migrants Day
* International [[Immigration|Migrants]] Day
* [[UN]] day of the [[Arabic language]]
* [[UN]] day of the [[Arabic language]]


[[Category:Days]]
[[Category:Days of the year]]

Latest revision as of 21:19, 19 September 2023

2024 Calendar

<< January >>
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
1 2 3 4 5 6
7 8 9 10 11 12 13
14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27
28 29 30 31
 
<< February >>
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
1 2 3
4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17
18 19 20 21 22 23 24
25 26 27 28 29
 
<< March >>
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
1 2
3 4 5 6 7 8 9
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
17 18 19 20 21 22 23
24 25 26 27 28 29 30
31
<< April >>
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
1 2 3 4 5 6
7 8 9 10 11 12 13
14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27
28 29 30
 
<< May >>
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8 9 10 11
12 13 14 15 16 17 18
19 20 21 22 23 24 25
26 27 28 29 30 31
 
<< June >>
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15
16 17 18 19 20 21 22
23 24 25 26 27 28 29
30
<< July >>
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
1 2 3 4 5 6
7 8 9 10 11 12 13
14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27
28 29 30 31
 
<< August >>
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
1 2 3
4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17
18 19 20 21 22 23 24
25 26 27 28 29 30 31
 
<< September >>
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8 9 10 11 12 13 14
15 16 17 18 19 20 21
22 23 24 25 26 27 28
29 30
 
<< October >>
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16 17 18 19
20 21 22 23 24 25 26
27 28 29 30 31
 
<< November >>
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
1 2
3 4 5 6 7 8 9
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
17 18 19 20 21 22 23
24 25 26 27 28 29 30
<< December >>
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8 9 10 11 12 13 14
15 16 17 18 19 20 21
22 23 24 25 26 27 28
29 30 31
 

December 18 is the 352nd day of the year (353rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 13 days remaining until the end of the year.

Events

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Up to 1900

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1901 – 2000

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From 2001

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Births

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Up to 1900

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1901 – 1950

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1951 – 1975

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From 1976

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Deaths

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Up to 1900

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1901 – 2000

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From 2001

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Observances

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