Early symptoms of arthritis in the knees, hands, and joints you should know

Arthritis is a widespread condition that leads to pain, stiffness, and inflammation in the joints, often worsening with age. Although it can affect anyone, it is most common among older adults. There are over 100 types of arthritis, with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis being the most frequently diagnosed. Early detection plays a vital role in slowing its progression and maintaining mobility. Recognising symptoms such as persistent joint pain, swelling, reduced range of motion, and morning stiffness can help ensure timely treatment and lifestyle adjustments, improving overall quality of life and preserving joint function. Regular exercise, weight management, and a balanced diet rich in anti-inflammatory foods can also help reduce arthritis symptoms and support long-term joint health. Take a look...While symptoms can vary depending on the type of arthritis, several common warning signs tend to appear across most forms. These are1. Joint painPersistent joint pain is often the first and most noticeable symptom of arthritis. The pain may come and go or remain constant and can range from mild discomfort to severe, debilitating pain. It may worsen with movement, physical activity, or after long periods of rest. In osteoarthritis, pain typically develops gradually as the cartilage cushioning the joints wears down over time. In inflammatory types like rheumatoid arthritis, pain may also occur due to inflammation of the joint lining, even when at rest. Stiffness, swelling, and reduced range of motion often accompany the pain, making daily activities increasingly difficult.A study published in theAnnals of the Rheumatic Diseases found that individuals experiencing consistent joint pain for more than three months had a significantly higher risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis within five years. 2. StiffnessJoint stiffness, particularly in the morning or after periods of inactivity, is another hallmark sign. Many people find it difficult to move or bend their joints right after waking up, though movement often helps ease stiffness. In inflammatory arthritis, stiffness may last longer, sometimes an hour or more, while in osteoarthritis it may improve more quickly once the joints are used. Persistent stiffness that limits flexibility or daily activities is an important sign to take seriously.3. Swelling, warmth, and rednessInflammation in the joint can cause visible swelling and a sensation of warmth around the area. The skin over the joint may appear red or feel tender to the touch. This is especially common in inflammatory forms of arthritis, such as rheumatoid arthritis or psoriatic arthritis. The swelling may come and go or persist for days, and it often coincides with flare-ups of pain and stiffness. Over time, chronic inflammation can cause permanent joint damage if left untreated.4. Reduced range of motionAs arthritis progresses, many individuals notice a gradual loss of flexibility in the affected joints. Everyday movements such as bending the knees, gripping objects, or turning the neck may become increasingly difficult. This reduced range of motion is due to inflammation, joint damage, or muscle weakness around the joint. Maintaining mobility through gentle exercises, stretching, and physiotherapy can help slow down this symptom’s progression.5. Grating or creaking sensationA grating, popping, or “creaking” sound known as crepitus may be felt or heard when moving an arthritic joint. This happens when rough joint surfaces rub together due to the loss of smooth cartilage. It’s most common in weight-bearing joints like the knees, hips, and spine. While crepitus can be harmless on its own, when accompanied by pain or swelling, it may indicate cartilage breakdown linked to osteoarthritis and progressive joint damage. Regular gentle movement, physiotherapy, and maintaining a healthy weight can help reduce stiffness and protect joint function over time.6. Weakness or muscle wastingAs arthritis affects joint mobility, the surrounding muscles may weaken over time. People often notice that the affected limb feels less stable or strong. Reduced physical activity caused by joint pain can further contribute to muscle wasting. This muscle loss not only limits movement but also increases the risk of falls or injury. Strengthening the supporting muscles through low-impact exercise and physiotherapy can help stabilise the joints. Additionally, a balanced diet rich in protein and essential nutrients supports muscle maintenance and overall joint health. Consistent gentle movement can also reduce stiffness and improve functional ability.Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making any changes to your health routine or treatment.Also read | Anal cancer vs. Piles (Hemorrhoids): How to tell the difference and recognise overlapping symptoms