The SuperPascal User Manual
PER BRINCH HANSEN
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School of Computer and Information Science Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA November 1993 Abstract: This report explains how you compile and run SuperPascal programs [Brinch Hansen 1993a].
Command Aliases
If you are using SuperPascal under Unix, please dene the following command aliases in the le .cshrc in your home directory: alias sc <path name of an executable compiler sc> alias sr <path name of an executable interpreter sr>
Program Compilation
You compile a SuperPascal program by typing the command sc followed by a return. When the message source = appears, type the name of a program textle followed by a return. After the message code = type the name of a new program codele followed by a return. Example: sc source = sortprogram code = sortcode If the compiler nds errors in a program text, the errors are reported both on the screen and in the textle errors, but no program code is output.
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Copyright c 1993 Per Brinch Hansen. All rights reserved.
Per Brinch Hansen
Program Execution
You run a compiled SuperPascal program by typing the command sr followed by a return. When the message code = appears, type the name of a program codele followed by a return. After the message select les? you have a choice: 1. If you type no followed by a return, the program will be executed with text input from the keyboard and text output on the screen. 2. If you type yes followed by a return, you will rst be asked to name the input le: input = Type the name of an existing textle or the word keyboard followed by a return. Finally, you will be asked to name the output: output = Type the name of a new textle or the word screen followed by a return. Examples: sr code = sortcode select les? no sr code = sortcode select les? yes input = testdata output = screen
The SuperPascal User Manual
Compile-time Errors
During compilation, the following program errors are reported: Ambiguous case constant: Two case constants denote the same value. Ambiguous identier: A program, a function declaration, a procedure declaration, or a record type introduces two named entities with the same identier. Forall statement error: In a restricted forall statement, the element statement uses a target variable. Function block error: A procedure statement occurs in the statement part of a function block. Function parameter error: A function uses an explicit or implicit variable parameter. Identier kind error: A named entity of the wrong kind is used in some context. (Constants, types, elds, variables, functions and procedures are dierent kinds of named entities.) Incomplete comment: The closing delimiter } of a comment is missing. Index range error: The index range of an array type has a lower bound that exceeds the upper bound. Number error: A constant denotes a number outside the range of integers or reals. Parallel statement error: In a restricted parallel statement, a target variable of one process statement is also a target or an expression variable of another process statement. Procedure statement error: In a restricted procedure statement, an entire variable is used more than once as a restricted actual parameter. Recursion error: A recursive function or procedure uses an implicit parameter. Syntax error: The program syntax is incorrect. Type error: The type of an operand is incompatible with its use. Undened identier: An identier is used without being dened.
Per Brinch Hansen
Run-time Errors
During program execution, the following program errors are reported: Channel contention: Two processes both attemp to send or receive through the same channel. Deadlock: Every process is delayed by a send or receive operation, but none of these operations match. False assumption: An assume statement denotes a false assumption. Message type error: Two processes attempt to communicate through the same channel, but the output expression and the input variable are of dierent message types. Range error: The value of an index expression or a chr, pred, or succ function designator is out of range. Undened case constant: A case expression does not denote a case constant. Undened channel reference: A channel expression does not denote a channel.
Software Limits
If a program is too large to be compiled or run, the software displays one of the following messages and stops. Each message indicates that the limit of a particular software array type has been exceeded: Block limit exceeded: The total number of blocks dened by the program and its function declarations, procedure declarations, forall statements, and process statements exceeds the limit maxblock. Branch limit exceeded: The total number of branches denoted by all statements in the program exceeds the limit maxlabel. Buer limit exceeded: The size of the compiled code exceeds the limit maxbuf. Case limit exceeded: The number of case constants exceeds the limit maxcase. Channel limit exceeded: The number of channels opened exceeds the limit maxchan. Character limit exceeded: The total number of characters in all word symbols and identiers exceeds the limit maxchar.
The SuperPascal User Manual Memory limit exceeded: The program execution exceeds the limit maxaddr.
Nesting limit exceeded: The level of nesting of the program and its function declarations, procedure declarations, parallel statements, and forall statements exceeds the limit maxlevel. String limit exceeded: The number of characters in a word symbol, an identier, or a character string exceeds the limit maxstring. The standard software limits are:
maxaddr maxblock maxbuf maxcase maxchan = = = = = 100000 200 10000 128 10000 maxchar maxlabel maxlevel maxstring = = = = 10000 1000 10 80
If these limits are too small for compilation or execution of a program, the limits must be increased by editing a common declaration le and recompiling both the compiler and the interpreter [Brinch Hansen 1993b].
References
[1] Brinch Hansen, P. (1993a) The programming language SuperPascal. School of Computer and Information Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY. [2] Brinch Hansen, P. (1993b) The SuperPascal software notes. School of Computer and Information Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY.
