BOILER WATER
AND FEEDWATER
BOILER
WATER
FEEDWATER
Table
of AND
contents
Models "PB - PVR"
Edition 2009 - Rev.1
Table of contents
CHAP.1
BOILER WATER AND FEEDWATER
1.1
General information
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- Copyright 2007 by MINGAZZINI - Parma (Italy)
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Models "PB - PVR"
BOILER WATER AND FEEDWATER
Edition 2009 - Rev.1
CHAP.1
BOILER WATER AND FEEDWATER
1.1 General information
The preparation, management, testing of feedwater for our steam boilers is extremely important to:
- reduce the risk of damage to pressurized parts
- increase thermal output
- increase availability and reliability of the system
- increase steam purity
- reduce maintenance, repair and cleaning costs
To this end, regulation UNI EN 12953-10 is useful in achieving the above objectives and is necessary to maintain
the steam boiler in the conditions required to operate the steam boiler without the continuous attendance of an operator 24/7, where permitted by National Regulations.
The feedwater must be clear, with no suspended particles or impurities. The purification system must eliminate
any substances that could cause build-up of scale and of aggressive gases and must neutralize acids. The system
must be designed by a Company with experience in water treatment and, after performing the necessary tests, will
suggest the most suitable treatment method.
The steam boiler must be supplied with condensate return water and/or purified water and/or deionized/demineralized water; in any case the chemical-physical characteristics of the boiler feedwater must be checked regularly, in
accordance with the instructions and tables shown below.
Some of the quality characteristics of the feedwater and of the boiler water must be improved by means of treatment with chemical products.
This treatment can contribute to:
- formation of protective magnetite layers in the pressure vessel
- optimize pH value
- stabilize hardness and prevent or minimize corrosions
- achieve chemical oxygen reduction
The use of chemical products can be subjected to restrictions in some countries or for some product categories (e.g. food industry.
PRELIMINARY NOTE:
With steam boilers supplied with condensate plus demineralized water or ultrapure water by rectification (final mixed bed) or with pure or ultrapure water only, it is prohibited to use fixed-alkali products
for chemical conditioning, in particular those that contain caustic potash and soda.
It is possible to use volatile-alkali products, with care in measuring out the correct quantity, as well as
coordinate phosphates.
Ref. Regulation UNI EN 12953-10 chap. 4 note 2
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Copyright 2007 by MINGAZZINI - Parma (Italy) -
Models "PB - PVR"
BOILER WATER AND FEEDWATER
Edition 2009 - Rev.1
In any case, the characteristics of feedwater and boiler water must comply with the provisions set forth by the regulations in force in Country of installation and operation, without exceeding the limits indicated in the tables
below; failure to do so will invalidate the warranty.
The value below describe the quality of untreated water, feedwater and boiler water; these values must be observed scrupulously.
1. Untreated water: to guarantee exchange capacity of the resins contained in the treatment system, the untreated water must be clear, without suspended particles and organic matter.
To meet these requirements it may be necessary to pretreat the water (filtering, deferizzation etc.)
2. Feedwater (condensate plus make-up water): for each element the table below indicates the range within which
the values must be kept.
EXTRACT FROM TABLE 5.1 UNI EN 12953/10.2004
FEEDWATER FOR STEAM BOILERS AND SUPERHEATED WATER
ELEMENT
UNIT OF MEASURE
Pressure
bar
STEAM BOILERS
UP TO 20 bar
SUPERHEATED WATER
OVER 20 bar
Clear, with no suspended solids
Ph a 25C
8,5 - 9,2
8,5 - 9,2
>7,0
Total hardness
mg/l
< 0,5
< 0,5
<2,5
(Ca+Mg)
(make-up water)
Iron (Fe)
mg/l
<0,1
<0,1
<0,2
Copper (Cu)
Oxygen O **
mg/l
<0,05
<0,03
<0,1
mg/l
<0,05
<0,02
---
Oily substances
mg/l
<1
<1
<1
Organic matter
See note ***
* The value for superheated water refer to closed-circuit boilers.
** It is possible to neutralize this by adequately conditioning the water in the boiler.
*** The organic matter is usually a mixture of many different compounds. The composition of these mixtures and the behaviour of the single components in the operating conditions of the boiler are difficult to predict.
The organic matter can be broken down and form products that increase acid conductivity and cause corrosions and
deposits. They can lead to foaming and carryover of water with steam.
- Copyright 2007 by MINGAZZINI - Parma (Italy)
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Models "PB - PVR"
BOILER WATER AND FEEDWATER
Edition 2009 - Rev.1
3. Boiler water (operation): for each element the table below indicates the range within which the values must
be kept.
3. Boiler water (operation): for each element the table below indicates the range within which the values must be kept.
EXTRAcT FROM 5.2 UNI EN 12953/10.2004
EXTRACT
FROM
5.2 FOR
UNI EN
12953/10.2004
BOILER
WATER
sTEAM
BOILERs AND sUPERHEATED WATER
BOILER WATER FOR STEAM BOILERS AND SUPERHEATED WATER
ELEMENT
UNIT OF
MEASURE
Conductivity of makeup water
> 30 uS/cm
Pressure
bar
SUPERHEATED
WATER
STEAM BOILERS
UP TO 20 bar
OVER 20 bar
Conductivity of
feedwater <30 uS/cm
> 0.5 bar
Appearance: clear, no persistent foaming
Conductivity
uS/cm
< 6000
25 C
<5000
< 1500
<1500
(max 25 bar)
Ph at 25C
10.5-12.0
10.5-11.8
10.0-11.0
C)
9.0-11.5
Alkalinity
mg/l
CaCO3
<750
<500
<250
Silica (SIO2)
mg/l
<160
<120
<80
Phosphate(PO4)
*
mg/l
from 10 to 30
From 10 to 30
From 6 to 15
Organic matter
<50 C)
<250
See note **
* When applying the treatment with coordinated phosphate, considering all the other values, higher concentrations of P O2 are acceptable.
** The
organicapplying
matter isthe
usually
a mixture
many different
compounds.
The composition
of these
mixtures
* When
treatment
with of
coordinated
phosphate,
considering
all the other
values,
higher and
the behaviour of the single components in the operating conditions of the boiler are difficult to predict.
concentrations of P O are acceptable.
The organic matter can2 be broken down and form products that increase acid conductivity and cause corrosions
and deposits. They can lead to foaming and carryover of water with steam.
To maintain these acceptable parameters in the boiler you will need to blowdown the boiler, if possible the blowdown should be continuous.
The concentration values in feedwater and in the boiler are connected with continuous blowdown at the following ratio:
S% = 100
S% = proportion of blowdown as a % of the water fed into the boiler.
Ca = real concentration of a given salt or ion in feedwater.
Cc = maximum concentration allowed in the boiler for the same salt.
C)
If the acid conductivity of the boiler feedwater is <0,2
S/cm, and its Na + K concentration is <0,010 mg/l, phosphate injection is not necessary. Under the conditions AVT (all volatile treatment, feedwater pH 9,2 and boiler
water pH 8,0) can be applied, in this case the acid conductivity of the boiler water is <5 S/cm.
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