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Mongol Empire: Rise, Fall, and Impact

The Mongol Empire rose under Genghis Khan in the early 13th century, growing to control much of Asia and parts of Europe before fragmenting in the late 13th century. The Mongols were united under the Yassa legal code and ruled by khans. The empire included four khanates and facilitated trade along the Silk Road until the Black Death and internal conflicts caused the empire to dissolve in the 14th century.

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293 views27 pages

Mongol Empire: Rise, Fall, and Impact

The Mongol Empire rose under Genghis Khan in the early 13th century, growing to control much of Asia and parts of Europe before fragmenting in the late 13th century. The Mongols were united under the Yassa legal code and ruled by khans. The empire included four khanates and facilitated trade along the Silk Road until the Black Death and internal conflicts caused the empire to dissolve in the 14th century.

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Geography

Timeline
Rise
● In 1206 CE, Genghis Khan united the Mongolia tribes.
● They conquered northern China
● Genghis later expanded the empire by conquering most
of Asia and parts of Europe
Fall
● Kublai Khan dies at 1294 CE
● Yuan Dynasty became weak
● The Chinese Rebellion
● The Golden Horde was affected by the Black Death. Khanates fragment
● The Mongols retreated back and disappeared
Social Structure
Yassa
● The Yassa aimed at three things:
obedience to Genghis Khan, a binding
together of the nomad clans, and the
merciless punishment of wrong-doing.
The Khanates
- 4 Khanates
- The Great Khan
- The Golden Horde
- The Changatai Khanate
- The Ilkhanate
Cities

Sarai Baghdad
Karakurum
Belief System

● The mongols were non-religious.


● There were Taoist, Buddhist, Muslims,
Christians and Jews in the empire.
● Religious tolerance
Economy

● The Mongols traded silken rope, cushions, blankets, robes, rugs, wall hangings,
porcelain, iron kettles, armor, perfumes, jewelry, wine, honey, medicines, bronze, silver,
gold, gunpowder, coal, and other precious goods.
● Kublai Khan advocated the use of paper money as a means of payment.
● The Mongol Empire created the Pax Mongolica or Mongol Peace this was extremely
helpful in the endeavor for peace.
● Yam was a postal relay system developed by the Mongols.
Yam Route
Language

● Before 1204 CE, the Mongols had no written language.


● Everything was passed down orally.
● Mongolian is in the Altaic language family named for the Altai Mountains
● Shares a large amount of similarities with the Turkish language.
Mongol Language
Black Death

● Mongol’s conquest
● Plague in Europe between 1300-1400
● Huge population decrease
Khanbalik

● Genghis’s Invasion
● The Rebuit
● Capital of the new Yuan Dynasty and
given it the name of Dadu (Great
Capital).
Effects on China

● Autocracy
● Totalitarian
Effects on Russia

● Khanates fragment
● Break into small states
Yam

● Preserved in Russia
● Yam Courier Services
Repairing the Silk Road

● From China to Europe


● Pax Mongolica
● Marco Polo
Marco Polo ● Three and a half years to Mongol
Empire
● Kublai Khan appointed high
positions
● Sent on missions (Burma, India,
etc.)
● Stayed for 17 years
● Convinced the Khan to let him
leave
● Head back to Europe
● Rich
● War between Venice and Genoa
● Got captured
● Meet a writer in prison
● Rustichello of Pisa
● Wrote a book
● Travels of Marco Polo
● Learned Chinese way of life
● Inspired travellers
THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING

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