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Lab Diagnosis of Respiratory Infections

The document discusses laboratory diagnosis of respiratory tract infections. It describes how upper respiratory infections involve the areas above the trachea like the nose, sinuses and pharynx, while lower respiratory infections are below the trachea in the areas like the bronchial tubes and lungs. Some common causes of infection are discussed like Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Streptococcus pneumoniae and coronaviruses. Methods of diagnosis discussed include pulmonary function testing, plethysmography, tuberculin sensitivity testing and various microbiology tests to identify mycobacterial infections. The history of the tuberculin sensitivity test is also summarized.

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1K views9 pages

Lab Diagnosis of Respiratory Infections

The document discusses laboratory diagnosis of respiratory tract infections. It describes how upper respiratory infections involve the areas above the trachea like the nose, sinuses and pharynx, while lower respiratory infections are below the trachea in the areas like the bronchial tubes and lungs. Some common causes of infection are discussed like Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Streptococcus pneumoniae and coronaviruses. Methods of diagnosis discussed include pulmonary function testing, plethysmography, tuberculin sensitivity testing and various microbiology tests to identify mycobacterial infections. The history of the tuberculin sensitivity test is also summarized.

Uploaded by

april hortilano
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Week 16

Lab Diagnosis for


Respiratory Tract Infections

MICP211 Laboratory
2nd Semester A.Y. 2020-2021
INTRODUCTION

 Respiratory tract infections


(RTIs) are infectious diseases
involving the respiratory tract.

 Upper (URI or URTI)


 Lower (LRI or LRTI)

 Pneumonia (more severe)


 Common cold (less severe)

Week 16: Lab Diagnosis for Respiratory Tract Infections


INTRODUCTION

 URI
 Nose
 Sinuses
 Pharynx
 Larynx

 Tonsillitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis,


sinusitis, otitis media, certain
influenza types, and the common
cold.

Week 16: Lab Diagnosis for Respiratory Tract Infections


INTRODUCTION

 LRI
 Trachea (windpipe)
 Bronchial tubes
 Bronchioles
 the Lungs

 Bronchitis and pneumonia.

Week 16: Lab Diagnosis for Respiratory Tract Infections


BACTERIA AND VIRUSES

Mycobacterium tuberculosis Streptococcus pneumoniae Coronaviruses

Week 16: Lab Diagnosis for Respiratory Tract Infections


DIAGNOSIS

 Pulmonary function testing (PFT)

 Purpose: to identify the severity


of pulmonary impairment.

 Performed by a respiratory
therapist, pulmonologist, and/or
general practitioner.
A respiratory care practitioner, performs a PFT on a patient.

Week 16: Lab Diagnosis for Respiratory Tract Infections


DIAGNOSIS
 Plethysmography

 Pulmonary plethysmographs
 measures functional residual capacity
(FRC) of the lungs.

A man undergoing whole body plethymosgraphy.


Cabinless, desktop plethysmography device for PFT.

Week 16: Lab Diagnosis for Respiratory Tract Infections


Lab diagnosis of Mycobacterial disease

DIAGNOSIS
Immunodiagnosis
Tuberculin skin test (Mantoux test)
IFN-ɣ release assay
Microscopy
Ziehl-Neelsen stain

 The various lab tests used in the Kinyoun stain


diagnosis of infections caused by Truant fluorochrome acid-fast stain
mycobacteria are listed in the table Nucleic-acid-based tests
(right). Nucleic acid amplication (NAA) tests
Culture
 Tuberculin skin test – traditional Agar- or egg-based media
test to assess the patient’s
Broth-based media
response to exposure to M.
tuberculosis. Identification
Morphologic properties
Biochemical reactions
Analysis of cell wall lipids
Nucleic acid probes and nucleic acid sequencing
Week 16: Lab Diagnosis for Respiratory Tract Infections
DIAGNOSIS

 Tuberculin sensitivity test, Mantoux test or Mendel-Mantoux test, Pirquet test


also called PPD (purified protein derivative).

 HISTORY
1890 – Robert Koch first described the tuberculin reaction.
 Tuberculin is a glycerol extract of the tubercle bacillus (M. tuberculosis).
1907 – Charles Mantoux built on the work of Koch and C. von Pirquet to
create his test.
1908 – the test was first developed and described by Felix Mendel.
1934 – a publication by Esmond Long and Florence Siebert about purified
tuberculin.
1940 – Seibert’s PPD was the international standard for tuberculin tests.

Week 16: Lab Diagnosis for Respiratory Tract Infections

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