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Changes of State and The Particle Model: Learning Outcomes

The document discusses the particle model and how it can be used to explain changes of state and the differences between physical and chemical changes. It provides a starter task asking students to list two differences between physical and chemical changes. It then presents four multiple part questions that ask students to: (1) identify changes of state that involve absorption of heat or smallest change in particle disorder, (2) explain how a physical and chemical change example show differences, (3) explain why temperature remains constant at melting/boiling points and why wax's freezing point line is not horizontal, and (4) explain Brownian motion observations using the particle model.

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SIRRVET BUKHARI
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53 views2 pages

Changes of State and The Particle Model: Learning Outcomes

The document discusses the particle model and how it can be used to explain changes of state and the differences between physical and chemical changes. It provides a starter task asking students to list two differences between physical and chemical changes. It then presents four multiple part questions that ask students to: (1) identify changes of state that involve absorption of heat or smallest change in particle disorder, (2) explain how a physical and chemical change example show differences, (3) explain why temperature remains constant at melting/boiling points and why wax's freezing point line is not horizontal, and (4) explain Brownian motion observations using the particle model.

Uploaded by

SIRRVET BUKHARI
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Changes of state and the particle model

Learning outcomes
After completing this worksheet, you should be able to:
 use the particle model to explain changes of state
 apply the particle model to recognising physical and chemical changes.

Starter Task
List two ways in which a physical change is different from a chemical change.

Questions
1 The box below shows some changes of state.

melting freezing evaporation boiling condensation

Using the words listed in the box:


a Give the changes of state that occur with the absorption of heat.

(1 mark)

b Give the changes of state that involve the smallest change in disorder of the
particles.

(1 mark)

c Give the changes of state that do not occur at a fixed temperature.

(1 mark)

2 When water is heated a physical change occurs and it forms steam.


When a lighted splint is applied to hydrogen gas, a chemical change occurs
producing water in the form of steam.
Explain how these two statements show two differences between physical and
chemical changes.

(2 marks)
3 The graph below shows how the temperature of ice in a beaker changes as it is
gently heated until it becomes steam.

a Using the Internet or textbooks, explain why the temperature at the melting
and boiling point stays the same, although heat is still being applied to the
beaker.

(2 marks)

b Use the Internet or textbooks to find a similar graph for the cooling of paraffin
wax until it freezes. Explain why the line on the graph is not horizontal at the
freezing point.

(2 marks)

4 In a famous experiment, a biologist named Brown examined tiny particles


of pollen floating in water under a microscope. He observed that the pollen
particles were constantly moving in a random manner. However, pollen particles
on their own did not show this movement.
Use the Internet or textbooks to explain his observations.

(2 marks)

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