Mishnah Peah 4
. ַאף ַּב ֲחלִיקֵ י אֱגֹוז ִים,ׁשמְעֹון אֹומֵר ִ ַרּבִי.מֹוריד ּו ְמ ַחּלֵק ָל ֲענִּי ִים
ִ ַּבעַל ַה ַּבי ִת, ּבְדָ לִית ּובְדֶ ֶקל.ַהּפֵָאה נִּתֶ נֶת ִּב ְמ ֻחּבָר ַלּק ְַרקָע
ׁשֶ ָאמַר ַּכ ֲה ָלכָה, ָלז ֶה ׁשֹו ְמעִין,ׁשעָה אֹומ ְִרים ְל ַחּלֵק ְו ֶאחָד אֹומֵר לָבֹוז ְ ִׁשעִים וְת ְ ִ ֲאפִּלּו ת: Peah is given from [the crop]
while it is still connected with the soil. But in the case of hanging vine-branches and the date-
palm, the owner brings down [the fruit] and distributes it among the poor. Rabbi Shimon says:
the same applies to smooth nut trees. Even if ninety-nine [of the poor] say [to the owner] to
distribute it and one says to leave it in the field, this latter is listened to, since he spoke in
accordance with the halakhah.
ׁשֶ ָאמַר ַּכ ֲה ָלכָה, ָלז ֶה ׁשֹו ְמעִין,ׁשעָה אֹומ ְִרים לָבֹוז ְו ֶאחָד אֹומֵר ְל ַחּלֵק
ְ ִׁשעִים וְת
ְ ִ ֲאפִּלּו ת, ּבְדָ לִית ּובְדֶ ֶקל אֵינֹו כֵן: With
hanging vine-branches and date-palm trees it is not so; even if ninety-nine [of the poor] say [to
the owner] to leave it in the field and one says to distribute it, this latter is listened to, since he
spoke in accordance with the halakhah.
, ְוכֵן ְּבלֶקֶט.ִירין אֹותָ ּה הֵימֶ ּנּו
ִ ַמ ֲעב,ָ ּופ ֵֵרׂש ַטּלִיתֹו ָעלֶיה,ָ נָפַל לֹו ָעלֶיה. אֵין לֹו בָּה ּכְלּום,ּׁשָאר
ְ נָטַל ִמ ְקצָת ּפֵָאה ּוז ְָר ָקּה עַל ַה
ְוכֵן ּבְע ֹמֶר הַּׁשִ ְכחָה: If [a poor man] took some of the peah [already collected] and threw it onto the
remainder [not yet collected], he gets none of it. If he fell down upon it, or spread his cloak over
it, they take the peah away from him. The same applies to gleanings and the forgotten sheaf.
ׁשֹּלא י ַּכּו אִ יׁש אֶת ֵרעֵהּו
ֶ ּכְדֵ י, ְואֵין עֹוק ְִרין אֹותָ ּה ְּבק ְַרּדֻ ּמֹות, ּפֵָאה אֵין קֹוצ ְִרין אֹותָ ּה ְּב ַמּגָלֹות: [The poor] may not
harvest peah with scythes or tear it out [of the ground] with spades, so that they might not strike
one another [with these implements].
ֹלא, ַרּבִי ֲעקִיבָא אֹומֵר.ׁשֹּלא י ִ ְפחֲתּו ֶ ֹלא ָאמְרּו ֶאּלָא ּכְדֵ י, ַרּבָן ַּג ְמלִי ֵאל אֹומֵר.ּׁשחַר ּו ַבחֲצֹות ּו ַב ִּמנְחָה
ַ ַּב,ׁשָ לׁש ַא ְבעָיֹות ּבַּיֹום
וְנֹותְ נִים ּפֵָאה מִ ּכָל אֻּמָ ן וְאֻּמָ ן,ׁשל ּבֵית נָמֵר הָיּו ְמ ַל ְּקטִין עַל ַה ֶחבֶל
ֶ .ׁשֹּלא יֹוסִיפּו ֶ ָאמְרּו ֶאּלָא ּכְדֵ י: There are three times
a day [the poor] make a search [in the field for peah]: morning, noon, and sunset. Rabban
Gamaliel says: these [times] were only set lest they reduce them. Rabbi Akiva says: these were
set lest they add to them. [The men] of Bet Namer used to have the poor harvest [the peah] with
the aid of a rope, and they left peah at the end of each furrow.
ׁשֶ אֵ ין, ַרּבִי י ְהּודָ ה ְמ ַחּי ֵב ּבְׁשִ ְכחָה.ּׁש ְכחָה ּומִן ַהּפֵָאה
ִ ּפָטּור מִן ַה ֶּלקֶט ּומִן ַה,ׁש ָּקצַר אֶת ׂשָדֵ הּו וְַאחַר ּכְָך נִתְ ַּגּי ֵר
ֶ עֹובֵד ּכֹו ָכבִים
ּׁש ְכחָה ֶאּלָא בִׁשְ עַת ָהעִּמּור ִ ַה: A non-Jew who harvested his field and then converted, he is exempt from
[leaving] gleanings, the forgotten sheaf and peah. Rabbi Judah makes him liable to leave the
forgotten sheaf, since he becomes liable for the forgotten sheaf at the time of their binding.
ְטּורה
ָ ׁשעַת חֹובָתָ ּה ָהי ְתָ ה פ
ְ ׁש ִּב
ֶ ,ְטּורה
ָ ּפ, קָ ָמה ּופָדָ ה ֳעמ ִָרין. ַחּי ָב, ֳעמ ִָרין ּופָדָ ה ֳעמ ִָרין. ַחּי ָב, ִהקְּדִ יׁש ָקמָה ּופָדָ ה ָק ָמה: One
who dedicated standing grain [to the Temple] and then redeemed it while it was still standing
grain, he is liable [to give the agricultural gifts to the poor]. [If he dedicated] sheaves and
redeemed them while they were still sheaves, he is liable. [If he dedicated] standing grain and
redeemed it [when it was already in] sheaves, he is exempt, since at the time when it became
liable it was exempt.
. ַחּיָבִין, ּופְדָ ָאן,ּׁשּבָאּו לְעֹונַת ַה ַּמ ַעׂשְרֹות
ֶ ִמ. ַחּיָבִין, ּופְדָ ָאן,ׁשֹּלא בָאּו לְעֹונַת ַה ַּמ ַעׂשְרֹות
ֶ ַה ַּמקְּדִ יׁש ּפֵרֹותָ יו עַד,ּכַּיֹוצֵא בֹו
ְטּורים
ִ ׁשעַת חֹובָתָ ן הָיּו פ ְ ׁש ִּב
ֶ ,ְטּורים
ִ ּפ, וְַאחַר ּכְָך ּפְדָ ָאן,ׁשֹּלא נִגְמְרּו ּוגְמ ָָרן ַה ִּגזְּבָר
ֶ ִהקְּדִ יׁשָן עַד: Similarly one who
dedicates his produce prior to the stage when they are subject to tithes and then redeemed them,
they are liable [to be tithed]. If [he dedicated them] when they had already become subject to
tithes and then redeemed them, they are liable [to be tithed]. If he dedicated them before they had
ripened, and they became ripe while in the possession of the [Temple] treasurer, and he then
redeemed them, they are exempt, since at the time when they would have been liable, they were
exempt.
י ִּתְ נֶּנָה ֶל ָענִי ׁשֶ ּנִמְ צָא, ַו ֲח ָכמִים אֹומ ְִרים. זָכָה לֹו, ַרּבִי אֱ לִי ֶעז ֶר אֹומֵר,ׁש ָּלקַט אֶת ַהּפֵָאה וְָאמַר ה ֲֵרי זֹו ְלאִיׁש ּפְלֹונִי ָענִי
ֶ מִ י
ֶאּלָא אִ ם ּכֵן ִהפְקִ יר,ׁשל עֹובֵד ּכֹו ָכבִים ַחּי ָב ְּב ַמ ַעׂשְרֹות ֶ ּׁש ְכחָה ְו ַהּפֵָאהִ ַה ֶּלקֶט ְו ַה.ראׁשֹון:
ִ One who collected peah and
said, “This is for so-and-so a poor man:” Rabbi Eliezer says: he has thus acquired it for him. The
sages say: he must give it to the first poor man he finds. Gleanings, the forgotten sheaf and the
peah of non-Jews are subject to tithes, unless he [the non-Jew] had declared them ownerless.
ה ֲֵרי הּוא ׁשֶ ל,ָָארץֶ ִהּכָהּו קֹוץ ְונָפַל ִמּי ָדֹו ל, ּתָ לַׁש ְמֹלא ֻקמְצֹו, ָקצַר ְמֹלא י ָדֹו, ָהי ָה קֹוצֵר.ִירה ָ ׁשעַת ַה ְּקצ ְ הַּנֹוׁשֵר ִּב,אֵ יז ֶהּו ֶלקֶט
, ַרּבִי י ִׁשְמָ עֵאל אֹומֵר, ר ֹאׁש ַהּי ָד וְר ֹאׁש ַה ַּמּגָל. ְל ַבעַל ַה ָּבי ִת, ַאחַר ַהּי ָד וְַאחַר ַה ַּמּגָל. ָל ֲענִּי ִים, ּתֹוְך ַהּי ָד וְתֹוְך ַה ַּמּגָל.ַּבעַל ַה ָּבי ִת
ְל ַבעַל ַה ָּבי ִת, ַרּבִי ֲעקִיבָא אֹומֵר. ָל ֲענִּי ִים: What are gleanings? That which falls down at the time of
harvesting. If while he was harvesting, he harvested a handful, or plucked a fistful, and then a
thorn pricked him, and what he had in his hand fell to the ground, it still belongs to the owner.
[That which drops from] inside the hand or the sickle [belongs] to the poor, but [that which falls
from] the back of the hand or the sickle [belongs] to the owner. [That which falls from] the top of
the hand or sickle: Rabbi Ishmael says: to the poor; But Rabbi Akiva says: to the owner.
. ְוהַּתַ חְּתֹונִים ׁשֶ ל ַּבעַל ַה ָּבי ִת, ָה ֶעלְיֹונִים ָל ֲענִּי ִים,ׁשּלְַאחַר הַּקֹוצ ְִרים
ֶ .ׁשל ַּבעַל ַה ָּבי ִת
ֶ ה ֲֵרי הֵן,ׁשּבְתֹוְך ַה ָּק ָמה
ֶ חֹורי ַהּנְ ָמלִים
ֵ
לֶקֶט,ׁש ְּספֵק לֶקֶט ֶ , הַּכ ֹל ָל ֲענִּי ִים,רּבִי ֵמאִיר אֹומֵר: ַ [Grain found in] ant holes where the stalks are still
standing, behold it still belongs to the owner. After the harvesters [had passed over them], those
found in the top parts [of the ant holes belong] to the poor, but [those found] on the bottom parts
[belong] to the owner. Rabbi Meir says: it all belongs to the poor, for gleanings about which
there is any doubt are regarded as gleanings.
