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Electrical Machines

GATE - 2020/21

Practice

Analysis

Result

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 Electrical Machines

S NO. TOPICS PAGE NO.

1 Single Phase Transformer 1 - 22

2 Three Phase Transformer 1-7

3 DC Machines 1 - 14

4 Synchronous Machines 1 - 18

5 Three Phase Induction Machine 1 - 17

6 Single Phase Induction Machine 1 - 4

CHAPTER 01 SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER

Q.1 For the system [Link] phase relation

of current I with respect to the voltage (B)
ers
VABis:
48 V
A 0 1
C t (s )
I 2 2.5
Purely -24 V
inductive
load
D
B
Ideal Transformer (C)
(A) zero (B) 900 lead ers

(C) 900 (D) 1800 48 V

24 V
t (s )
0 1 2 2.5
Q.2 The core of a two-winding transformer
is as subjected to a magnetic flux
variation as indicated in the figure. (D)
[GATE - 2008] ers

0 1 2 2.5
t (s )
ϕ -24 V
p r -48 V
+ +
Q.3 Two single phase transformers of turns
e pq 100 200 ers
ratio 3:1 and 2:1 are connected with their
- - primaries in series across a 100 V, 50 Hz
q s
source. Assume that the transformers are
ideal and take R= 10  . The current
ϕ (Wb)
drawn from the source is _____ Amp.

0.12 T1

2 t (s )
0 1 2.5
3:1

The induced emf (ers ) in the secondary

100 V
50 Hz ~ 2 :1

winding as a function of time will be of R

the form
T2
(A)
ers
Q.4 Two 1-ϕ ideal transformer T1and T2 of
24 V turns ratio 4:1 and 3:1 are connected with
2 2.5 t (s )
0 1 their primaries in parallel across a 120 v,
-48 V
50 Hz source. Their secondaries are
2 | Electrical machines
connected in series. For R = 10  , the [GATE - 2015]
power input and input impedance are: I1 N2

I1 T1 I2 I2

~
4 :1
120 V
~ 3:1
R
I3

N1 N3
T2
(A) 1900 (B) 12700
(A)490VA, 35.6  (B) 70VA, 35.6  (C) 4900 (D) 42700
(C)490VA,29.4  (D) 70VA,29.4 
Q.7 Figure shown an ideal three winding
Q.5 An ideal transformer has a primary transformer. The three winding1,2,3 of
winding of 200 turns. On the secondary the transformer are wound on the same
side the number of turns between A and core as shown. The turns ratio N1:N2:N3
B is 600 and between B and C is 400 is [Link]. A resistor of 10  is connected
turns, that between A and C being 1000. across winding 2. A capacitor of
The transformer supplies a resistor reactance 2.5 is connected across
connected between A and C which draws winding 3. Winding 1 is connected across
10kW. A load of 2000  450  is a 400 V, ac supply. If the supply voltage
connected between A and B. The primary phasor V1 = 400 00 , the supply current
voltage is [Link]. The primary current is: phasor I1 is given by
[GATE - 2003]
A I L1
200 0
60 0 45 I1
I1
B
2 kV 200 10 kW
I L2 1 N1 N2 2 R  10
~ V1
40 0
N3
C
C

(A) 11.32  -34.20 (B) 12.53  -31.80 3

(C) 13.01  -29.240 (D) None of these

X c  2.5
Q.6 A tree-winding transformer is connected (A)(-10+j10) A (B) (-10-j10) A
to an AC voltage source as shown in the
figure. The number of turns are as (C) (10+j10) A (D) (10-j10) A
follows: N1  100, N 2  50, N3  50. If
the magnetizing current is neglected and Q.8 In the figure shown a 4 winding
the current in two windings are transformer is shown along with number
I 2  2300 A and I 3  21500 A , then of turns of the winding.

what is the value of the current I 1 in

Ampere?
 Single Phase Transformers | 3
n1
 j 20 N1 : N 2 : N3 ......N n are 1: 2 : 3: 4 :8.....2 .
I2
A resistor of 10 is connected across
each winding. If supply voltage is 100
I1 I4
N2  50 V, the supply current is
~ 200 V,
50 Hz
N1  100 N4  60  j10 
Is
N 3  40 N2 10
+
100 V N1 N3 10

I3 Nn 10
15

The input current and power factor are:

(A) 8.8 A, 0.606 lead 5 2
(A) (B)
(B) 9.93 A, 0.606 lag 3(4  1) n1
5(2  1) n1

(C) 5.16 A, 0.413 lead 40 n1 10 n

(C) (4  1) (D) (2  1)
(D) 7.3 A, 0.413 lag 3 7
Common Data for Questions 12& 13
The circuit diagram shows a two-
Q.9 A 400 V / 200 V / 200 V, 50 Hz three
winding lossless transformer with no
winding transformer is a connected as
leakage flux, excited from a current
shown in figure. The reading of the
source i(t ) , whose waveform is also
voltmeter ‘V’ will be
[GATE - 2002] shown. The transformer has a
magnetizing inductance of 400 /  mH.
[GATE - 2009]
400 V
50 Hz
V
1:1
400 : 200 : 200
A
S
i (t )
(A) 0 V (B) 400 V
30
(C) 600 V (D) 800 V B

Q.10 In a single-phase three winding i(t )

transformer, the turns ratio for primary : 10 A
secondary : tertiary windings is 20 : 4 :1
with the lagging currents of 50 A at a 0
15 ms 30 ms
t
5 m s 10 m s 20 ms 25 ms
power factor of 0.8 lag in the secondary
winding and 60 A at power factor of 0.6 10 A
lag in the tertiary winding. Find the
primary current and power factor.
[GATE - 2000]
Q.12 The peak voltage across A and B, with S
(A) 2.5 A, 0.6 lag (B) 12.9 A, 0.759 lag
open is
(C) 200 A, 0.6 lag (D) 2.5 A, 0.62 lag
400
(A) V (B) 800 V
Q.11 In the ideal transformer shown n 
windings are wound on the same core as 4000 800
(C) V (D) V
shown. The turns ratios  
4 | Electrical machines
Q.13 If the waveform of i(t) is changed to Common Data for Questions 17& 18
i(t )  10sin(100 t ) A, the peak voltage Consider the transformer shown in the
across A and B with S close is figure.
(A) 400 V (B) 240 V  2 j
4 2 :1
(C) 320 V (D) 160 V
200 V
~ (2  2 j) 
50 Hz
Q.14 A single-phase transformer has a turns
ratio of 1:2, and is a connected to a
purely resistive load as shown in the Q.17 The primary and secondary currents are:
figure. The magnetizing current is 1 A, (A) 14.91 A, 29.82 A
and the secondary current is 1 A. If core (B) 29.82 A, 14.91 A
losses and leakage reactances are (C) 8 A, 16 A
neglected, the primary current is (D) None of these
[GATE - 2010] Q.18 The input power factor and load power
factor are:
1:2 1A (A) 0.894 lagging, 0.894 leading
(B) 0.894 leading 0.707 leading
(C) 0.894 lagging, 0.707 lagging
(D) None of the Above
Q.19 A 460/2400 V transformer has a series
leakage reactance of 37.2  as referred
to HV side. A load connected to the LV
(A) 1.41 A (B) 2 A
side absorbs 25 kW, upf, and the voltage
(C) 2.24 A (D) 3 A
is 450 V. The corresponding voltage and
power factor as measured at HV side
Q.15 A voltage V  400sin 314.16t is applied are:
to a single-phase transformer on-load. If (A) 2381 V, 0.986 leading pf
the no-load current of the transformer is (B) 2381 V, 0.986 lagging pf
2 sin(314.16t-850 ), then magnetization (C) 2384 V, 0.98 leading pf
branch impedance will be approximately (D) 2384 V, 0.98 lagging pf
equal to :
[GATE - 1997] Common Data for Questions 20,21 &
(A) 14190 0
(B) 200  850 22
(C) 200850 (D) 282  800 A single phase 60 Hz transformer has a
name plate voltage rating of 7.97
Q.16 A 100 kVA, 2400/240 V, single phase kV/266 V. The primary leakage
transformer has an exciting current of inductance is 165 mH and the primary
0.64 A and core loss 700 W when its magnetizing inductance is 135 H.
high voltage side is energized at rated
voltage and frequency. If load current is Q.20 For an applied primary voltage of 7.97
40 A at 0.8 pf lagging on the LV side, kV, the resultant open circuit secondary
then magnitude of the primary current voltage is:
will be (A) 7960 V (B) 7970 V
(A) 4.58 A (B) 4 A (C) 265.7 V (D) 268.2 V
(C) 4.64 A (C) 4.85 A
 Single Phase Transformers | 5
Q.21 The magnetizing inductance as referred of system A and B are 0.5 and
to the secondary side is : 0.010 respectively. If no power is
(A) 130 mH (B) 150 mH transferred between A and B, so that the
(C) 170 mH (D) None of these two system voltage are in phase, find the
magnetizing ampere turns of the
Q.22 If the transformer has a secondary transformer.
leakage inductance of 0.255 mH and if a [GATE - 2002]
voltage of 266 V, 60 Hz is applied to the 0.5 0.01
secondary, the resultant open circuit A B
primary voltage is: 3300V 400V
(A) 7950 V (B) 7958 V 50Hz 50Hz

(C) 7970 V (D) 7980 V

Q.25 The load shown in the figure absorbs 4
Q.23 Find the transformer ratios a and b such kW at a power factor of 0.89 lagging
that the impedance (Zin) is resistive and [GATE - 2014]
equals 2.5  when the network is 1 2:1
excited with a sine wave voltage of
angular frequency of 5000 rad/s.
[GATE - 2015] 50 Hz X 110 V ZL
AC source

C  10 μ F L  1mH
Assuming the transformer to be ideal,
the value of the reactance X to improve
Zi n R  2.5 the input power factor to unity is _____.

1:b 1 :a Common Data for Questions 26,27,28

& 29
(A) a = 0.5, b = 2.0
(B) a = 2.0, b = 0.5 Consider the ideal transformer shown in
(C) a = 1.0, b = 1.0 figure. ZL = 2  36.870  .
(D) a = 4.0, b = 0.5
Q.24 A single phase 6300 kVA, 50 Hz, 3300 2060   N1 : N2
V/400 V distribution transformer is
ZL
connected between two 50 Hz supply 200 ~
systems, A and B as shown in figure, the Xc
transformer has 12 and 99 turns in the
low and high voltage windings
Q.26 Find the turns ratio from primary to
respectively. The magnetizing reactance
secondary for maximum power transfer
of the transformer referred to the high
(mpt) to load.
voltage side is 500 . The leakage
(A) 5:2 (B) 2:5
reactance of high and low voltage
(C) 25:4 (D) 4:25
windings are 1.0 and 0.012
respectively. Neglect the winding
Q.27 Find the value of XC in  for mpt.
resistance and core losses of the
(A) 1.5712  (B) 2.7712 
transformer. The Thevenin’s voltage of
(C) 3.9712  (D) 5.1712 
system A is 3300 V while that of system
Q.28 Find load voltage across ZL under mpt.
B is 400 V. The short circuit reactance
6 | Electrical machines
(A) 0.8  36.870V The hysteresis and eddy current losses
(B) 0.8  -36.870 V of the transformer at 25 Hz respectively
(C) 5  - 36.870V are
(D) 5  36.870 V (A) 250 W and 2.5 W
(B) 250 W and 62.5 W
Q.29 Find the maximum power delivered to (C) 312.5 W and 62.5 W
the load ZL. (D) 312.5 W and 250 W
(A) 5 W (B) 10 W
(C) 15 W (D) 20 W Q.33 The core loss of a single-phase, 230/115
V, 50 Hz power transformer is measured
Q.30 A single-phase 400 V, 50 Hz from 230 V side by feeding the primary
transformer has an iron loss of 5000 W (230 V side) from a variable voltage
at the rated condition, When operated at variable frequency source while keeping
200 V, 25 Hz, the iron loss is 2000 W. the secondary open circuited. The core
When operated at 416 V, 52 Hz, the loss is measured to be 1050 W for 230
value of the hysteresis loss divided by V, 50 Hz input. The core loss is again
the eddy current loss is ______. measured to be 500 W for 138 V, 30 Hz
[GATE - 2016] input. The hysteresis and eddy current
Q.31 For a single-phase, two winding losses of the transformer for 230 V, 50
transformer, the supply frequency and Hz input are respectively,
voltage are both increased by 10%. The [GATE - 2014]
percentage changes in the hysteresis loss (A) 508 W and 542 W.
and eddy current loss, respectively are (B) 468 W and 582 W.
[GATE - 2014] (C) 498 W and 552 W.
(A) 10 and 21 (B) -10 and 21 (D) 488 W and 562 W.
(C) 21 and 10 (D) -21 and 10
Q.34 A 50 Hz transformer having equal
Q.32 An open circuit test is performed on 50 hysteresis and eddy current at rated
Hz transformer, using variable excitation is operated at 45 Hz at 90% of
frequency source and keeping V / f its rated voltage. Compared to rated
ratio constant, to separate its eddy operating point, the core losses under
current and hysteresis losses. The this condition:
variation of core loss/frequency as [GATE - 1998]
function of frequency is shown in the (A)reduce by 10%
figure. (B) reduce by 19%
[GATE - 2014] (C) reduce by 14.5%
(D) remain unchanged
15
Q.35 A 220/400 V, 50 Hz, 5 kVA, 1-phase
transformer operates on 220V, 40 Hz
10 supply with secondary winding then:
Pc / f
(W/Hz) [GATE - 1993]
5 (A) the eddy current loss and hysteresis
loss of the transformer decrease.
(B) the eddy current loss and hysteresis
0 25 50
f (Hz) loss of the transformer increase.
 Single Phase Transformers | 7
(C) the hysteresis loss of the transformer if it is energized to the same maximum
increase while eddy current loss remains flux density but at a frequency of 60 Hz.
the same. (A) 2693 W (B) 2160 W
(D) the hysteresis loss remains the same (C) 533 W (D) None of these
whereas eddy current loss decreases. Q.40 Calculate the loss of energy caused by
hysteresis in one hour in 50 kg of iron if
Q.36 The hysteresis and eddy current losses the peak flux density reached is 1.3
of a single phase transformer working Wb/m2 and the frequency is 25 Hz.
on 200 V, 50 Hz supply are Ph and Pe Assume steinmetz constant as 628 J/m3
respectively. The percentage decrease in and density of iron as 7.8×103 kg/m3.
these, when operated at a 160 V, 40 Hz What will be the area of BH curve of
supply is this specimen if 1 cm = 12.5 AT/m and
[GATE - 1991] 1 cm = 0.1 Wb/m2 ?
(A) 32, 36 (B) 20, 36 (A) 581 kJ/hr, 784 cm2
(C) 25, 20 (D) 40, 80 (B) 551 kJ/hr, 764 cm2
(C) 521 kJ/hr, 744 cm2
Q.37 The hysteresis loop of a magnetic (D) None of these
material has an area of 5 cm2 with the
scales given as 1 cm = 2 AT and 1 cm = Q.41 A 550 kVA, 60 Hz transformer with a
50 mWb. At 50 Hz, the total hysteresis 13.8 kV primary winding draws 4.93 A
loss is and 3420 W at no load rated voltage and
[GATE - 2001] frequency. Another transformer has a
(A) 15 W (B) 20 W core with all its linear dimensions 2
(C) 25 W (D) 50 W times as large as the corresponding
dimensions of the first transformer. The
Q.38 The hysteresis loop of a sample of steel core material and lamination thickness
subjected to a maximum flux density of are the same in both transformers. If the
1.3 wb/m2 has an area of 93 cm2, the primary windings of both transformers
scale being 1 cm = 0.1 wb/m2 and 1 cm have the same number of turns, what no
= 50 AT/m. Calculate the hysteresis loss load current and power will the second
in watts when 1500 cm3 of the same transformer draw with 27.6 kV at 60 Hz
material is subjected to an alternating impressed on its primary?
flux density of 1.3 Wb/m2 peak value at (A) 9.67 kW, 3.48 A
a frequency of 65 Hz. (B) 13.68 kW, 7 A
(A) 35 W (B) 40 W (C) 13.68 kW, 3.48 A
(C) 45 W (D) 50 W (D) 9.67 kW, 7 A

Q.39 In a transformer core of volume 0.16m3 Common Data for Questions 42 & 43
the total iron loss was found to be 2710 A 300 kVA transformer has 95%
W at 50 Hz. The hysteresis loop of the efficiency at full load 0.8pf lagging and
core material, taken to the same 96% efficiency at half load, unity pf .
maximum flux density has an area of 9
[GATE - 2006]
cm2 when drawn to scales of 1 cm = 0.1
Q.42 The iron loss ( P1 ) and copper loss ( Pc )
Wb/m2 and 1 cm = 250 AT/m. Calculate
the total iron loss of the transformer core in kW, under full load operation are
(A) Pc  4.12, Pi  8.51
8 | Electrical machines
(B) Pc  6.59, Pi  9.21 A single phase transformer has
percentage regulation of 4 and 4.4 for
(C) Pc  8.51, Pi  4.12
lagging p.f. of 0.8 and 0.6 respectively.
(D) Pc  12.72, Pi  3.07 The full load ohmic loss is equal to iron
loss.
Q.43 What is the maximum efficiency at Q.48 Calculate the lagging pf at which full
unity power factor load? load regulation is maximum.
(A) 95.1 (B) 96.2 (A) 0.427 lag (B) 0.447 lead
(C) 96.4 (D) 98.1 (C) 0.894 lag (D) 0.894 lead

Q.44 A single phase transformer has a Q.49 Calculate the full load efficiency at
maximum efficiency of 90% at full load unity pf.
and unity power factor. Efficiency at (A) 95.15% (B) 96.15%
half load, at the same power factor is (C) 97.15% (D) 98.15%
[GATE - 2003]
(A) 86.7% (B) 88.26% Q.50 A 20kVA, 1-ϕ transformer has iron loss
(C) 88.9% (D) 87.8% of 250 W and full load copper loss of
500 W respectively. If the maximum
Q.45 A 100 kVA, 10 kV/500 V, single phase efficiency occurs at 85% of full load, the
transformer has its maximum efficiency new iron-loss (Wi’) and Cu-loss (Wcu)
of 98% when it delivers 90 kVA at upf under full load operation assuming that
and rated voltage. The maximum full-load is constant will be
voltage regulation transformer is 6% (A) Wi '  314.6 W,Wcu '  435.4 W
Find:
(B) Wi '  388.75 W,Wcu '  361.25 W
(i) the efficiency at full load 0.8 pf lead
(ii) the voltage regulation at half load (C) Wi '  180.6 W,Wcu '  569.4 W
0.6 p.f. lag (D) Wi '  250 W,Wcu '  500 W
Common Data for Questions 46 & 47
Q.51 A 11/0.4 kV, 25 Hz 1-ϕ transformer has
The maximum efficiency of a 1-ϕ,
ohmic, hysteresis and eddy current
11/0.4 kV, 500 kVA transformer is 98%
losses of 1.8%, 0.8% and 0.3%
and occurs at 80% full load, upf. The %
respectively. The transformer is now
impedance is 4.5% load pf is now varied
operated at 22 kV, 50 Hz supply. The
while load current and the supply
current is assumed to remain the same in
voltage are held constant at their rated
both cases. The % increase in η is______
values.
Q.46 The load power factor angle at which
the secondary terminal voltage is Q.52 A 5 kVA, 50 Hz, 1-phase transformer
minimum is : has core loss of 40W and full load
(A) 900 (B) 890 ohmic loss of 100 W. Daily variation of
(C) 83 0
(D) 73.55 load on transformer is as follows
Q.47 The minimum secondary terminal 7 A.M. to 1 P.M. – 3kW at pf 0.6
voltage is : 1 P.M. to 6 P.M. – 2 kW at pf 0.8
(A) 400 V (B) 386 V 6 P.M. to 1 A.M. – 6 kW at pf 0.9
(C) 384 V (D) 382 V 1 A.M. to 7 A.M. – no load
Common Data for Questions 48 & 49 All day efficiency of transformer will
be:
 Single Phase Transformers | 9
(A) 90.9% (B) 92.8% (A) 16 V (B) 56.56 V
(C) 90.87% (D) 95.98% (C) 160 V (D) 568.68 V
Q.57 It is desired to measure parameters of
Q.53 The daily variation of load on a 100 230 V/115 V, 2 kVA, single-phase
kVA transformer is as follows: transformer. The following wattmeters
8 A.M. to 1 P.M. – 65 kW, 45 kV Ar are available in a laboratory :
1 P.M. to 6 P.M. – 80 kW, 50 kVAr [GATE - 2008]
6 P.M. to 1 A.M. – 30 kW, 30 kVAr W1 : 250 V, 10 A, Low power factor
1 A.M. to 8 A.M. – no load W2 : 250 V, 5 A, Low power factor
This transformer has no load core loss of
370W and a full load ohmic loss of 1200 W3 : 150 V, 10 A, High power factor
W. Determine the all day efficiency of W4 : 150 V, 5 A, High power factor
the transformer. The wattmeters used in open circuit test
(A) 94.96% (B) 95.96% and short circuit test of the transformer
(C) 96.96% (D) 97.96% will respectively be
(A) W1 and W2 (B) W2 and W4
Q.54 A 2000 kVA, single-phase transformer
is in circuit continuously. For 8 hours In (C) W1 and W4 (D) W2 and W3
a day, the load is 160 kW at 0.8 pf. For
6 hours, the load is 80 kW at unity pf Q.58 A 10 kVA, 400 V/200 V single-phase
and for the period remaining out of 24 transformer with 10% impedance draws
hours, it runs on no-load. If the full load a steady short-circuit line current of
copper losses are 3.02 kW, the total [GATE - 1999]
copper losses in 24 hours are (A) 50 A (B) 150 A
(A) 35.62 kW (B) 24.16 kW (C) 250 A (D) 350 A
(C) 11.46 kW (D) 38.40 kW
Q.59 A 50 Hz, single phase transformer,
Q.55 A single-phase transformer has no-load draws a short circuit current of 30 A at
loss of 64 W as obtained from an open- 0.2 p.f. lag when connected to 16 V, 50
circuit test. When a short-circuit test is Hz source. What will be the short circuit
performed on it with 90% of the rated current and its p.f. when the same
currents flowing in its both LV and HV transformer is energized from 16 V, 25
windings, the measured loss is 81 W. Hz source?
The transformer has maximum (A) 46.65 A, 0.478 lead
efficiency when operated at (B) 56.65 A, 0.378 lead
[GATE - 2013] (C) 46.65 A, 0.478 lag
(A) 50.0% of the rated current. (D) 56.65 A, 0.378 lag
(B) 64.0% of the rated current.
(C) 80.0% of the rated current. Common Data for Questions 60 & 61
(D) 88.8% of the rated current. The OC and SC test data are given
below for a single phase, 5 kVA,
Q.56 A 20 kVA, 2000/200 V, 1-phase 200/400 V, 50 Hz transformer.
transformer has name plate leakage O.C. (LV side) 200 V 1.25 A 150 W
impedance of 8%. Voltage required to S.C. (HV side) 20 V 12.5 A 175 W
be applied on the high voltage side to
circulate full load current with the low Q.60 The efficiency of the transformer at 75
voltage winding short circuited will be % load at 0.7 load power factor is:
10 | Electrical machines
(A) 94.68% (B) 92.91% current ‘I1’ is at a lagging pf angle of 1.
(C) 91.35% (D) 90.34% If the test is performed by 25 V, 25 Hz
and the drawn current ‘I2’ is at a lagging
Q.61 The regulation of the transformer at full
pf angle of 2 , then:
load 0.7 power factor lag is:
(A) 2% (B) 3% (A) I 2  I1 and 2  1
(C) 4% (D) 5% (B) I 2  I1 and 2  1
(C) I 2  I1 and 2  1
Q.62 What voltage should be applied to the
LV side when the transformer delivers (D) I 2  I1 and 2  1
rated current at 0.7 pf lagging at a
terminal voltage of 400V? Q.66 For given base voltage and base volt-
(A) 210V (B) 420V amperes, the per unit impedance value
(C) 340V (D) 460V of an element is x. What will be the per
unit impedance value of this element
Q.63 A 1 kVA, 200/100 V, 50 Hz, 1-phase when the voltage and volt-ampere bases
transformer gave the following test are both doubled?
result on 50 Hz: [GATE - 2000]
O.C. (LV side) 100 V 20 Watts (A) 0.5 x (B) 2 x
S.C. (HV side) 5A 25 Watts (C) 4 x (D) x
It is assumed that no-load components Q.67 A 25 MVA, 33 kV transformer has a pu
are equally divided. The above tests impedance of 0.9. The pu impedance at
were then conducted on the same a new base 50 MVA at 11 kV would be
transformer at 40 Hz. (A) 10.4 (B) 12.2
Tests results were: (C) 14.4 (D) 16.2
O.C. (HV side) 160 V W1 Watts
S.C. (LV side) 10A W2 Watts Q.68 A 4 kVA, 400 V/200 V single phase
Neglecting skin effect, W1 and W2 will transformer has resistance of 0.02 pu
be: and reactance of 0.06 pu. The resistance
(A) W1 = 16 Watts, W2 = 25 Watts and reactance referred to high voltage
(B) W1 = 25 Watts, W2 = 31.25 Watts side are:
(C) W1 = 20 Watts, W2 = 20 Watts (A) 0.2 ohm and 0.6 ohm
(D) W1 = 14.4 Watts, W2 = 25 Watts (B) 0.8 ohm and 2.4 ohm
(C) 0.08 ohm and 0.24 ohm
Q.64 While carrying out OC test for a 10 (D) 2 ohm and 6 ohm
kVA, 110/220 V, 50 Hz, single phase
transformer from LV side at rated Q.69 A 4 kVA, 400/200 V single phase
voltage, the wattmeter reading is found transformer has 2% equivalent
to be 100 W. If the same test is carried resistance. The equivalent resistance
out from the HV side at rated voltage, referred to the HV side in ohms will be
the wattmeter reading will be: (A) 0.2 (B) 0.8
(A) 100 W (B) 50 W (C) 1.0 (D) 0.25
(C) 200 W (D) 25 W
Q.70 A 10 kVA, 2000/200 V, 50 Hz, 1-phase
Q.65 When short circuit test on a transformer transformer when working on rated
is performed at 25 V, 50 Hz, the drawn voltage at no load , takes an input of 125
 Single Phase Transformers | 11
W at 0.15 pf. Its percent leakage 300 W. The maximum possible voltage
impedance, based on its own kVA rating drop in the transformer secondary
is (0.5+j1)%. If the transformer delivers voltage is 20 V. Find voltage regulation
10 kW at 200 V at pf 0.8 lagging on 1.v. of this transformer for rated kVA output
side determine the input power and at 0.8 pf lagging
power factor. (A) 4.8% (B) 5.8%
(A) 8.2 kW, 0.568 lag (C) 6.8% (D) 7.8%
(B) 9.2 kW, 0.668 kag
(C) 10.2 kW, 0.768 lag Q.75 A single phase transformer has a
(D) 11.2 kW, 0.868 lag regulation of 10% when delivering full
load at unity pf and 15% when
Q.71 When a 20 kVA, 3300/220V, 50 Hz delivering the same load at 0.8 pf
transformer operated on rated voltage at lagging. What would be the regulation if
no load, its power input is 160 Watts at the transformer is delivering half load at
a pf of 0.15. Under rate load conditions, 0.8 pf leading?
the voltage drops in the total resistance (A) +1% (B) -1%
and total leakage reactance and (C) +0.5% (D) -0.5%
respectively, 1 and 3 percent of rated
voltage Determine input power and pf Q.76 A 25 kVA, 230/115 V, 50 Hz
when the transformer delivers 14.96 kW transformer has the following data:
at 220 V at 0.8 pf lagging to a load on R1 = 0.12  , R2 = 0.04  , X1= 0.2  , X2
the LV side. = 0.05 
(A) 12.3 kW, 0.466 lag Find the transformer loading in
(B) 13.3 kW, 0.566 lag secondary which will make the primary
(C) 14.3 kW, 0.666 lag induced emf equal in magnitude to the
(D) 15.3 kW, 0.766 lag primary terminal voltage when the
transformer is carrying the full load
Q.72 A 10 kVA, 400 V/200 V, single-phase current. Neglect the magnetizing
transformer with a resistance of 3% and current.
reactance of 6% is supplying a current (A) 24.7 kW (B) 22.1 kW
of 50 A to a resistive load. The voltage (C) 19.5 kW (D) 18.4 kW
across the load is:
[GATE - 1999] Q.77 A single-phase, 2 kVA, 100/200 V
(A) 194 V (B) 196 V transformer is reconnected as an auto-
(C) 198 V (D) 390 V transformer such that its kVA rating is
maximum. The new rating, in kVA, is
Q.73 A 20 kVA, 800/400 V, 1-ϕ transformer ________.
with percentage resistance and reactance [GATE - 2016]
of 4% and 6% respectively is supplying Q.78 A single-phase 22 kVA, 2200 V/220 V,
a current of 50 A to an inductive load 50 Hz, distribution transformer is to be
such that load resistance and reactance connected as an auto-transformer to get
are equal. If source voltage is an output voltage of 2420 V. Its
maintained constant at 800 V load maximum kVA rating as an auto-
voltage is _____V. transformer is
[GATE - 2016]
Q.74 A 10 kVA, 2500/250 V, single phase (A) 22 (B) 24.2
transformer has full load ohmic loss of (C) 242 (D) 2420
12 | Electrical machines
Q.79 A 200/400 V, 50 Hz, two-winding an autotransformer as shown in the
transformer is rated at 20 kVA. Its figure.
windings are connected as an auto- [GATE - 2014]
transformer of rating 200/600 V. A
resistive load of 12 is connected to the
high voltage (600 V) side of the auto- 100 V
transformer. The value of equivalent
load resistance (in ohm) as seen from 1100 V
low voltage side is ______.
[GATE - 2015] 1000 V

Common Data for Questions 80 & 81

A C
The kVA rating of the autotransformer
C oil 1 Coil 2 is _______.

B D Q.83 A single phase 50 kVA, 250 V/ 500 V

two winding transformer has an
The figure above shows coils 1 and 2, efficiency of 95% at full load, unity
with dot markings as shown, having power factor. If it is reconfigured as a
4000 and 6000 turns respectively. Both 500V / 750 V autotransformer, its
the coils have a rated current of 25 A. efficiency at its new rated load at unity
Coil 1 is excited with single phase, 400 power factor will be:
V, 50 Hz supply. [GATE - 2007]
[GATE - 2009] (A) 95.752% (B) 97.851%
(C) 98.276% (D) 99.241%
Q.80 The coils are to be connected to obtain a
single phase, 400-1000 V, auto- Q.84 Autotransformer is used in transmission
transformer to drive a load of 10 kVA. and distribution:
Which of the options given should be [GATE - 1996]
exercised to realize the required auto- (A)when operator is not available
transformer? (B) when iron losses are to be reduced
(A) Connect A and D; Common B (C) when efficiency considerations can
(B) Connect B and D; Common C be ignored
(C) Connect A and C; Common B (D) when the transformation ratio is
(D) Connect A and C; Common D small

Q.81 In the autortransformer obtained, the Q.85 A 50 kVA, 3300/230 V single-phase

current in each coil is: transformer is connected as an
(A) Coil-1 is 25 A and Coil-2 is 10 A autotransformer shown in figure. The
(B) Coil-1 is 10 A and Coil-2 is 25 A nominal rating of the autotransformer
(C) Coil-1 is 10 A and Coil-2 is 15 A will be:
(D) Coil-1 is 15 A and Coil-2 is 10 A [GATE - 2004]

Q.82 A single phase, 50 kVA, 1000 V/100 V

two winding transformer is connected as
 Single Phase Transformers | 13
(D) 12 A from B to C

N2 Q.89 The figure shows an ideal

autotransformer with number of turns of
Vout  3530V various sections as NAB = 100, NCB = 60
Vin  3300V and NDB = 80. The current drawn from
N1
the supply is:
80

(A) 50.0 kVA (B) 53.5 kVA 20

(C) 717.4 kVA (D) 767.4 kVA
Q.86 A 400 V/100 V, 10 kVA two-winding B
A D C
transformer is reconnected as an auto-
transformer across a suitable voltage
source. The maximum rating of such an 400 V,
arrangement could be: 50 Hz
[GATE - 1999]
(A) 50 kVA (B) 15 kVA (A) 8.4 A (B) 9.4 A
(C) 12.5 kVA (D) 8.75 kVA (C) 10.4 A (D) None of these

Q.87 A 2000/1000/500 V, 1-ϕ, 3-winding Q.90 A single phase 250/200 V

transformer is to be used as an autotransformer, with secondary short
autotransformer, with supply voltage of circuited, takes a primary current of 60
3000 V. Two loads, one of 1050 kVA at A at 10 V and a pf of 0.24. It has N2/ N1
35000 V and the other of 180 kVA at = K’ = 0.8 For an input voltage of 250 V
1000 V, are to be energized from this and the load current of 100 A at 0.8
auto transformer output. lagging pf, the secondary terminal
Find: voltage is:
(i)the input current supplied by the AT. (A) 191 V (B) 197 V
(ii) the current flowing from 2000 V. (C) 200 V (D) 250 V
(iii) the current flowing from 1000 V.
Q.91 A two winding transformer is connected
Q.88 The two winding transformer and the as shown in figure. The rating of
autotransformer of the circuit shown are transformer is 30 kVA.
ideal. The current in the section BC of 10A 100A
the autotransformer is
A 3000V 300V
10 A 200:100
B
N BC  20
200 V The two winding transformer is
50 Hz N BA  30
connected as series subtractive polarity
auto transformer. Then the dating of
C
auto transformer is:
(A) 240 kVA (B) 270 kVA
(A) 28 A from B to C
(C) 300 kVA (D) 310 kVA
(B) 28 A from C to B
(C) 12 A from C to B
14 | Electrical machines
Q.92 Primary and secondary voltage of an impedances of T1 and T2 are (1  j 6)
autotransformer are 500 V and 400 V and (0.8  j 4.8) respectively. To share a
respectively. When secondary current is
load of 1000 kVA at 0.8 lagging power
100 A, calculate % saving of copper.
(A)80 (B) 90 factor, the contributions of T2 (in kVA)
(C) 70 (D) 75 is ____.
Q.93 A 400/100 V, 10 kVA, two winding [GATE - 2015]
transformer is to be employed as an Q.97 Two transformers are to be operated in
autotransformer to supply a 400 V from parallel such that they share load in
a 500 V source. When tested as a two proportion to their kVA ratings. The
winding at rated load, 0.85 pf lagging, rating of the first transformer is 500
its efficiency is 0.97 Find its kVA rating kVA and its pu leakage impedance is
and efficiency as an autotransformer. 0.05 pu. If the rating of second
(A) 10 kVA (B) 50 kVA transformer is 250 kVA, then its pu
(C) 100 kVA (D) 200 kVA leakage impedance is:
[GATE - 2006]
Q.94 (A) 0.20 (B) 0.10
 (C) 0.05 (D) 0.025
50 A
Q.98 Two single-phase transformers A and B
I2 have the following parameters.
V1  [GATE - 1999]
Transformer A :10 kVA, 400 V/200 V,
2000 V percentage resistance and percentage
 reactance are 3% and 4% respectively.

A 1-phase, 10 kVA, 200/200 V, 50 Hz Transformer B : 5 kVA, 400 V/200 V,
transformer is connected to form an auto percentage resistance and percentage
transformer as shown in the figure given reactance are 4% and 3% respectively.
above. What are the values of V1 and I2, These two transformers are connected
respectively? in parallel and they share a common
(A) 2200 V, 55 A load of 12 kW at a power factor of 0.8
(B) 2000 V, 45 A lagging. Determine the active and
(C) 2000 V, 45 A reactive power delivered by transformer
(D) 1800 V, 45 A A.

Q.95 What is the power transferred Q.99 Two transformers of different kVA
conductively from primary to secondary ratings working in parallel share the
of an autotransformer having load in proportion to their ratings when
transformation ratio of 0.8 supplying a their
load of 3 kW? [GATE - 1992]
(A) 0.6 kW (B) 2.4 kW (A) per unit leakage impedances on the
(C) 1.5 kW (D) 0.27 kW same kVA base are the same
(B) per unit leakage impedances on their
Q.96 Two single-phase transformers respective rating are equal.
T1 and T2 each rated at 500 kVA are (C) ohmic values of the leakage
impedances are inversely proporational
operated in parallel. Percentage to their ratings
 Single Phase Transformers | 15
(D) ohmic values of the magnetizing These two transformers, operated in
reactance’s are the same. parallel, are connected to a load of
impedance (5+j3)  Calculate the
Q.100 Two transformer of identical voltage but reactance to be connected in series with
of different capacities are operating in transformer B so that load current is
parallel. For satisfactory load sharing: shared equally between the two
[GATE - 1997] transformers.
(A)impedance must be equal (A) 0.0414  (B) 0.1414 
(B) per unit impedance must be equal (C) 0.2414  (D) 0.3414 
(C) per unit impedance and X/R ratios Q.104 Two 1-phase transformer A and B or
must be equal equal voltage ratio are running in
(D) impedances and X/R ratios must be parallel and supply a load of 1000 A at
equal 0.8 pf lag. Equivalent impedance of two
transformers are (2+j3)  and (2.5+j5)
Q.101 Two 1-phase transformers have the  respectively. Calculate current
following data supplied by each transformer.
(A) 100 kVA, 66000/230 V, ZA = 0.008 (A) 609.7  -33.950,392.6  -41.370
+ j0.021  (B) 555  -230,540  -41.30
(B) 200 kVA, 6600/220 V, ZB = 0.0024 (C) 475  -330,674  -230
+ j0.012  (D) None of the above
These two transformer are connected in
parallel. Q.105 Two single phase transformers rated 600
Find: kVA and 500 kVA are connected in
(i) no load circulating current parallel to supply a load of 1000 kVA at
(ii) ohmic loss due to circulating current 0.8 leading power factor. The The
(iii) no load terminal voltage resistance and reactance of the first
transformer are 3% and 6.5% and of the
Q.102 Two one phase transformer are second transformer are 1.5% and 8%
connected in parallel at no load. One has The kVA loading and the power factor
a turn ratio of 5000/440V and a rating of at which first transformer operates are:
200 kVA, other has ratio of 5000/480 V (A)426 kVA, 0.877 lagging pf
and rating of 250 kVA, leakage (B) 426 kVA, 0.877 leading pf
reactance of each is 3.5% Calculate no (C) 582 kVA, 0.733 lagging pf
load circulating current express as a % (D) 582 kVA, 0.733 leading pf
of nominal current of 200 kVA
transformer. Q.106 Two single phase transformers rated
(A) 0.133% (B) 1.33% 1000 kVA and 500 kVA have per unit
(C) 13.3% (D) 133% leakage impedance of (0.02+j0.06) and
(0.025+j0.08) respectively. What is the
Q.103 Two 1-phase transformers A and B have largest kVA load than can be delivered
the following data: by the parallel combination of these two
Transformer A: leakage impedance transformers without over loading any
referred to secondary Zea = 0.4 + j2.2  , one?
no-load secondary e.m.f., Ea = 510 V (A) 1377 kVA (B) 1602 kVA
Transformer B: leakage impedance (C) 1826 kVA (D) None of these
referred to secondary Zeb = 0.6+j1.7  ,
no load secondary e.m.f., Eb = 500 V
16 | Electrical machines
Common Data for Questions 107 & I
108
Two single phase, 11000/440 V t
transformers have kVA ratings of 200
kVA and 100 kVA respectively. The
equivalent resistance and reactance of
(C)
the 200 kVA transformer are I
respectively 1  and 5  when referred
to 11000 V side. The equivalent
reactance of 100 kVA transformer t
referred to the 11000 V side is 9  .
Q.107 What should be the equivalent resistance
of 100 kVA transformer if each
transformer is to supply load in
proportion to its kVA rating when (D)
operated in parallel? I
(A) 3.796  (B) 4.796 
(C) 5.796  (D) 6.796 
t

Q.108 What is the maximum combined kVA

that can be supplied by the transformer
in parallel without overloading any one
transformer? Q.110 A 1 kVA, 250/100 V, 1-phase, 50 Hz
[GATE - 2016] transformer having negligible winding
(A) 267 kVA (B) 277 kVA resistance and leakage inductance is
(C) 287 kVA (D) 297 kVA operating under saturation, while 250 V,
50 Hz sinusoidal supply is connected to
Q.109 A single phase air core transformer, fed the high voltage winding. A resistance
from a rated sinusoidal supply, is load is connected to the low voltage
operating at no load. The steady state winding which draws rated current.
magnetizing current drawn by the Which one of the following quantities
transformer from the supply will have will not be sinusoidal?
the waveform: [GATE - 2002]
[GATE - 2011] (A)Voltage induced across the low
(A) voltage winding
I (B) Core flux
(C) Load current
(D) Current drawn from the source
t
Q.111 The magnetizing current in a
transformer is rich in
(B) [GATE - 1998]
(A) 3rd harmonic (B) 5th harmonic
th
(C) 7 harmonic (D) 13th harmonic
 Single Phase Transformers | 17
Q.112 When a transformer is first energized i0= 0.43 cos( ω t-400)+0.08cos(3 ω t-100)
the transient current during first few Find the total core loss. Neglect winding
cycle is resistance.
(A) Less than full load current (A) 3.94 W (B) 69.82 W
(B) Equal to full load current (C) 65.88 W (D) 139.64W
(C) Equal to no load current
(D) Much higher than full load current Q.118 If the primary voltage is free of third
harmonic voltage, find the percentage
Q.113 In a transformer fed from a fundamental change in eddy current loss.
frequency voltage source, the source of (A) +5.88% (B) +6.25%
harmonics is the: (C) -5.88% (D) -6.25%
(A) overload (B) poor insulation
(C) zero (D) saturation of core Q.119 A single-phase transformer is to be
switched to the supply to have minimum
Q.114 When a sinusoidal exciting current is inrush current. The switch should be
applied to a practical transformer, closed at:
mutual flux produced is: [GATE - 2001]
(A) Flat topped (A)maximum supply voltage
(B) Sinusoidal (B) zero supply voltage
(C) zero 1
(D) Second harmonic only (C) maximum supply voltage
2
1
Q.115 The primary winding of a single phase (D) maximum supply voltage
transformer having 200 turns is excited 2
with the following voltage.
v(t) = 155.5 sin (120 π t) + 15.5 sin(360 Q.120 The relative current directions through
π t) V the primary (P) and secondary (S) of a
Neglect the leakage the rms value of the single phase transformer connected to a
core flux is: resistive load on the secondary side, are
(A) 1.45 mWb (B) 110.5 Wb indicated in the various cross-sectional
(C) 1.5 Wb (D) None of these views given in figure. Which of these
are correct representations?
Common Data for Questions 116,117 [GATE - 1991]
(A)
& 118
The Voltage applied to the primary
winding of an unloaded single phase P  S
transformer is given by
v(t) = 400cos( ω t) + 100cos(3 ω t) (B)
The primary has 500 turns and
frequency of the fundamental of the P 
applied voltage is 50 Hz.
S 
Q.116 Find the maximum value of the flux.
(A) 1.634 mWb (B) 1.834 mWb
(C) 2.134 mWb (C) 2.334 mWb

Q.117 If the no load current is found to be

18 | Electrical machines
(C) E1

P  I2

S  E2
I1

(D)
ϕ
P   S (C)
E1
I1

Q.121 The laws of electromagnetic induction

ϕ
(Faraday’s and Lenz’s law) are
summarized in the following equation
[GATE - 1998] I2
di
(A) e  iR (B) e  L E2
dt (D)
d E1
(C) e  (D) None of these
 dt I1

Q.122 Figure shows an ideal single-phase ϕ

transformer. The primary and secondary
coils are wound on the core as shown.
Turns ratio ( N1 / N 2 )  2. The correct E2
I2
phasor of voltage E1 , E2 currents I1 , I 2
and core flux  are as shown in
Q.123 Figure shows an ideal three winding
[GATE - 2003] transformer. Windings are wound on the
same core as shown. The turns ratio
ϕ
N1 : N 2 : N3 is 4 : 2 : 1. A resistor of
I1
I2
10 is connected across winding-2. A
E1 N1 N2 E2 R capacitor of reactance 2.5 is
connected across winding-3. Winding-1
is connected across a 400 V, ac supply.
If the supply voltage phasor
(A) V1  40000 V, the supply current
E1 phasor I1 is given by
I2
[GATE - 2003]
ϕ
I1 E2
I1 I2

ϕ E1 N1 N2 E2 R

(B)
 Single Phase Transformers | 19
(A) (-10+-j10) A in the primary should change to
(B) (-10-j10) A maintain the same no load current is
(C) (10+j10) A [GATE - 2014]
(D) (10-j10) A 1 1
(A) (B)
4 2
Q.124 The equivalent circuit of a transformer (C) 2 (D) 4
has leakage reactances X 1 , X 2' and
magnetizing reactance X m . Their Q.127 If an ideal transformer has an inductive
magnitudes satisfy load element at port 2 as shown in the
figure below, the equivalent inductance
[GATE - 2005]
at port 1 is
(A) X 1  X 2  X m
'
n :1
(B) X 1  X  X m
'
2

(C) X 1  X 2'  X m L

(D) X 1  X 2'  X m

Port 1 Port 2
Q.125 In the figure, transformer T1 has two 2
(A) nL (B) n L
secondary’s, all three winding having
the same number of turns and with
n n2
(C) (D)
polarities as indicated. One secondary is L L
shorted by a 10 resistor R, and the
other by a 15 mF capacitor. The switch Q.128 The following figure shows the
S is opened (t=0) when the capacitor is connection of an ideal transformer with
charged to 5 V with the left plate as primary to secondary turns ratio of 1 :
positive. At (t  o  ) the voltage V p and 100. The applied primary voltage is 100
V (rms), 50 Hz, AC. The rms value of
current I R are the current I, in ampere is ___.
IR X L  10 R  80k
S R
T1
100 V X C  40k
+
25V VP
- + -
C 1:100

(A) -25 V, 0.0 A Q.129 The low voltage winding of a 400 V/230
(B) Very large voltage, very large V, single-phase, 50 Hz transformer is to
current be connected to 25 Hz the supply
(C) 5.0 V, 0.5 A voltage should be
(D) -5.0 V, -0.5 A (A) 230 V (B) 460 V
(C) 115 V (D) 65 V
Q.126 For a specified input voltage and Q.130 The efficiency of a 100kVA transformer
frequency, if the equivalent radius of the is 0.98 at full as well as at half load. For
core of a transformer is reduced by half, this transformer at full load the copper
the factor by which the number of turns loss
(A) is less than core loss.
20 | Electrical machines
(B) is equal to core loss. Q.135 Two transformers of identical voltage
(C) is more then core loss. but of different capacities are operating
(D) none of the above. in parallel
For satisfactory load sharing
Common Data for Questions 31 & 32 (A) Impedances must be equal.
In a 50 kVA, 11 KV/400 V (B) Per unit impedances must be equal.
transformers, the iron and copper losses X
are 500 W and 600 W respectively (C) Per unit impedances and ratios
R
under rated conditions. must be equal.
X
Q.131 The efficiency on unity power factor at (D) Impedances and ratios must be
R
full load will be ______.
equal.
Q.132 The load at which maximum efficiency
Q.136 A 4 kVA, 50 Hz, single-phase
occurs and the iron and copper losses
transformer has a ratio 200 V/400 V.
corresponding to this load respectively
The data taken on the L.V. side at rated
will be
voltage show that the open circuit input
(A) 45.64 kVA, 500 W, 500 W
wattage is 80 W. The mutual inductance
(B) 40.64 kVA, 500 W, 500 W
between the primary and the secondary
(C) 45.64 kVA, 600 W, 600 W
windings is 1.91 H. (Neglecting the
(D) 40.64 kVA, 600 W, 600W
effect of windings resistance and
leakage reactance’s). The value of
Q.133 In an transformer, which of the
current (in Amperes) taken by the
following statements is valid?
transformer, if the no-load test is
(A) In an open circuit test, copper losses
conducted on the H.V. sid at rated
are obtained while in short circuit test
voltage will be _________.
core losses are obtained.
(B) In an open circuit test, current is
Q.137 Auto transformer is used in transmission
drawn at high power factor.
and distribution
(C) Ina short circuit test, current is
(A) when operator is not available.
drawn at zero power factors.
(B) when iron losses are to be reduced.
(D) In an open circuit test, current is
(C) when efficiency considerations can
drawn at low power factor.
be ignored.
(D) when the transformation ratio is
Q.134 Two transformer of the same type, using
small.
the same grade of iron and conductor
materials, are designed to work at the
Q.138 A 400 V/100 V, 10 kVA two winding
same flux and current densities, but the
transformer is reconnected as an auto
linear dimensions of one are two times
transformer across a suitable voltage
those of the other in all respects. The
source. The maximum rating of such an
ratio of KVA of the two transformers
arrangement could be
closely equals
(A) 50 kVA (B) 15 kVA
(A) 16 (B) 8
(C) 12.5 kVA (D) 8.75 kVA
(C) 4 (D) 2
Q.139 In a transformer, zero voltage regulation
at full load is
 Single Phase Transformers | 21
(A) Not possible
(B) Possible at unity power factor load
(C) Possible at leading power factor
load
(D) Possible at lagging power factor
load

Q.140 A single phase 10 kVA, 50 Hz

transformer with 1 kV primary winding
draws 0.5 A and 55 W, at rated voltage
and frequency, on no load. a second
transformer has a core with all its linear
dimensions 2 times the corresponding
dimensions of the first transformer. The
core material and lamination thickness
are the same in both transformer. The
primary windings of both the
transformers have the same number of
turns. If a rated voltage of 2 kV at 50 Hz
is applied to the primary of the second
transformer, then the no load current and
power respectively are
(A) 0.7A, 77.8W
(B) 0.7A, 155.6W
(C) 1A, 110 W
(D) 1A, 220W

Q.141 A single-phase 100 kVA, 1000 V/100

V, 50 Hz transformer has a voltage drop
of 5% across its series impedance at full
load. Of this, 3% is due to resistance.
The percentage regulation of the
transformer at full load with 0.8 lagging
power factor is
(A) 4.8 (B) 6.8
(C) 8.8 (D) 10.8
22 | Electrical machines

Answer Key : Single Phase Transformers

1 C 2 A 3 0.4 4 C 5 C
6 A 7 C 8 C 9 A 10 B

11 C 12 D 13 B 14 C 15 C

16 A 17 A 18 C 19 B 20 C
21 B 22 B 23 B 24 652.806 25 23.1
26 A 27 C 28 D 29 B 30 1.44
31 A 32 B 33 A 34 C 35 C
36 B 37 C 38 C 39 A 40 B
97.27%
41 D 42 C 43 B 44 D 45
2.69%
46 D 47 D 48 A 49 B 50 A
51 0.586 52 D 53 D 54 A 55 C
56 C 57 D 58 C 59 D 60 C
61 D 62 A 63 D 64 A 65 A
66 A 67 D 68 B 69 B 70 C
71 D 72 A 73 371.72 74 C 75 C
76 C 77 6 78 C 79 1.33 80 A
81 D 82 550 83 C 84 D 85 D
410 A
86 A 87 110 A 88 D 89 C 90 A
70 A
91 B 92 A 93 B 94 D 95 B
7.5Kw, 6.78
96 555.55 97 C 98 99 B&C 100 C
kVAR
289.9A
101 868.6W 102 D 103 C 104 A 105 D
227.8V
106 A 107 B 108 109 C 110 D
 Single Phase Transformers | 23
111 A 112 D 113 D 114 A 115 A
116 B 117 B 118 C 119 A 120 A&B
121 C 122 A 123 C 124 D 125 B
126 C 127 B 128 10A 129 C 130 C
131 97.84% 132 A 133 D 134 A 135 C
136 0.385 137 D 138 A 139 C 140 B
141 A


CHAPTER 02 THREE PHASE TRANSFORMER

Q.1 A 3-phase 900 kVA, 3 kV/ 3 kV ( /Y) The phase difference (in degree)
50 Hz transformer has primary (high between voltage V1 and V2 is ________.
voltage side) resistance per phase of
0.3 and secondary (low voltage side) Q.4 A balanced (positive sequence) three-
resistance per phase of 0.02. Iron loss phase AC voltage source is connected to
of the transformer is 10 kW. The full a balanced, star connected load through
load % efficiency of the transformer a star-delta transformer as shown in
operated at unity power factor is figure. The line-to-line voltage rating is
_______ (up to 2 decimal places). 230 V on the star side, and 115 V on the
delta side. If the magnetizing current is
Q.2 If the star side of the star-delta neglected and I s  10000 A, then what
transformer shown in the figure is
is the value on I p in Ampere?
excited by a negative sequence voltage,
then [GATE 2015]
Ip Is
[GATE 2016] a
A

A a ~ R

B N
b B

~ ~ R R
C c

b
0
(A) VAB leads Vab by 60 C
0 c
(B) VAB lags Vab by 60
(C) VAB leads Vab by 300
(D) VAB lags Vab by 300
(A) 50300 (B) 50  300
Q.3 Two three-phase transformers are (C) 50 3300 (D) 200300
realized using single-phase transformers
as shown in the figure.
Common Data for Question 5 & 6
[GATE 2015]
The star-delta transformer shown above
A2 a2
is excited on the star side with balanced,
A1 a1 4-wire 3-phase sinusoidal voltage
b2 V1
B2
b1
supply of rated magnitude. The
B1
C2 c2 transformer is under no load condition
c1 [GATE 2009]
C1
A a
A2 a2
a1
A1 V2
B2 b2 B b
b1
B1
C2 c1 c2
C1 C c

N S1 S2
Open Closed
2 | Electrical Machine
Q.5 With both S1 and S2 open, the core flux Q.9 A three-phase, three winding / /Y
waveform will be (1.1 kV/6.6 kV/400 V) transformer is
(A) a sinusoidal at fundamental energized from AC mains at the 1.1 kV
frequency. side. It supplies 900 kVA load at 0.8
(B) Flat-topped with third harmonic. power factor lag from the 6.6 kV
(C) Peaky with third-harmonic winding and 300 kVA load at 0.6 power
(D) None of these. factor lag from the 400 V winding. The
RMS line current in ampere drawn by
Q.6 With S2 closed and S1 open, the current the 1.1 kV winding from the mains is
_______. (give the answer up to one
waveform in the delta winding will be
decimal place.)
(A) A sinusoid at fundamental
frequency
Q.10 If the primary line voltage rating is 3.3
(B) flat-topped with third harmonic
kV (Y side) of a 25 kVA. Y 
(C) Only third-harmonic
transformer (the per phase turns ratio is
(D) None of these
5 : 1), then the line current rating of the
secondary side (in Ampere) is
Q.7 Three single-phase transformers are
________.
connected to from a 3-phase transformer
bank. The transformers are connected in
Q.11 Which 3-phase connection can be used
the following manner:
in a transformer to introduce a phase
[GATE 2008]
difference of 300 between its output and
A1
A2 a2
corresponding input line voltages?
a1
[GATE 2005]
B1
B2 b2 b1 (A) Star-Star (B) Star-Delta
C1 (C) Delta-Delta (D) Delta-Zigzag
C3 c2 c1
Primary Secondary
Q.12 A 500 kVA, 3-phase transformer has
The transformer connection will be iron losses of 300 W and full load
represented by copper losses of 600 W. The percentage
(A) Yd0 (B) Yd1 load at which the transformer is
(C) Yd6 (D) Yd11 expected to have maximum efficiency is
[GATE 2004]
Q.8 Three single-phase transformers are (A) 50.0% (B) 70.7%
connected to form a delta-star three- (C) 141.4% (D) 200.0%
phase transformer of 110 kV/11 kV. The Q.13 The resistance and reactance of a 100
transformer supplies at 11 kV a load of kVA 11000/400 V, Y distribution
8 MW at 0.8 pf lagging to a nearby transformer are 0.02 and 0.07 pu
plant. Neglect the transformer losses. respectively. The phase impedance of
The ratio of phase currents in delta side the transformer referred to the primary
to star side is is [GATE 2004]
[GATE 2016] (A) (0.02  j 0.07)
(A) 1:10 3 (B) 10 3 :1 (B) (0.55  j1.925)
(C) 1:10 (D) 3 :10 (C) (15.125  j52.94)
(D) (72.6  j 254.1)
 Three Phase Transformers | 3
Q.14 Figure shows a Y connected 3-phase Q.17 The percentage resistance and
distribution transformer used to step percentage reactance of a 10 kVA, 400
down the voltage from 11000 V to 415 V/200 V, 3-phase transformer are 2%
V line-to-line. It has two switches S1 and 10% respectively. If the constant
losses in the machine are 1%, the
and S2 . Under normal conditions S1 is
maximum possible percentage
closed and S2 is open. Under certain efficiency of the transformer is
superior conditions S1 is open and S2 is [GATE 1999]
closed. In such a case the magnitude of (A) 98.32 (B) 97.25
the voltage across the LV terminals a (C) 96.85 (D) 96.12
and c is
[GATE 2003] Q.18 A 3-phase transformer bank consists of
HV LV three identical 2300/230 V, 15 kVA
A a
single-phase transformers connected in
delta/delta. The bank supplies a 20 kVA,
B b
unity pf 3-phase load. If one of the
S2 single-phase transformer develops a
fault, and is removed, the load carried
C
S1
c by each of the two transformers now
operating in open delta will be
[GATE 1997]
(A) 10 kVA (B) 20 kVA
(A) 240 V (B) 480 V (C) 15 kVA (D) None of these
(C) 415 V (D) 0 V
Q.19 The percentage impedance of a 100
Q.15 A 3-phase delta/star transformer is kVA, 11 kV/400 V, delta/wye, 50 Hz
supplied 6000 V on delta connected trans-former is 4.5%. For the circulation
side. The terminal voltage on the of half the full load current during short
secondary side when supplying full load circuit test, with low voltage terminals
at 0.8 lagging power factor is 415 V. shorted the applied voltage on the high
The equivalent resistance and reactance voltage side will be
drops for the transformer are 1 % and 5 [GATE 1995]
% respectively. The turns ratio of the (A) 200 V (B) 247.5 V
transformer is (C) 250 V (D) 230 V
[GATE 2000]
(A) 14 (B) 24 Q.20 Supply to one terminal of a Y
(C) 42 (D) 20 connected 3-phase core type transformer
(supplied by 230 V source) which is on
Q.16 A 3-phase transformer has rating of 20 no-load, fails. Assuming magnetic
MVA, 220 kV (Star)/33 kV (Delta) with circuit symmetry, voltage on the
leakage reactance 12%. The transformer secondary side will be
reactance (in ohms) referred to each [GATE 1995]
phase of the L.V. delta connected side is (A) 230,230,115 (B) 230,115,115
[GATE 2001] (C) 345,115,115 (D) 345,0,345
(A) 23.5 (B) 19.6
(C) 18.5 (D) 8.7
4 | Electrical Machine
Q.21 The line A to neutral voltage is terminals B and C with A open is 11 ,
1015 V for a balanced three phase and between terminals C and A with B
star-connected load with phase sequence open is 9 . Then
ABC. The voltage of line B with respect [GATE 2001]
to line C is given by A
(A) 10 3105 V (B) 10105 V RA
(C) 10 3  75 V (D) 10 390 V RC RB
C
Q.22 A 50 Hz balanced 3-phase, Y connected
B
supply is connected to a balanced 3
(A) RA  4, RB  2, RC  5
phase Y connected load. If the
instantaneous phase a of the supply (B) RA  2, RB  4, RC  7
voltage is V cos(t ) and the phase a of (C) RA  3, RB  3, RC  4
the load current is I cos(t   ), the (D) RA  5, RB  1, RC  10
instantaneous 3-phase power is
[GATE 2001] Q.25
(A) a constant with a magnitude of A1 X1 A2
VI cos 
H1

(B) a constant with a magnitude of I I

(3 / 2)VI cos  III

H2 H2
II III
X2 X2
II
H2 X2
(C) time varying with an average value B1 X1 C2
H1 H1 X1
of (3 / 2)VI cos  and a frequency 100
C1 B2
Hz
(D) time varying with an average value
A symmetrical 3-phase supply is applied
of VI cos  and a frequency 50 Hz
to primary terminals A1 , B1 , C1 of the
Q.23 For the three-phase circuit shown in star-star transformer as shown in the
figure the ratio of the currents I R : IY : I B above figure. The secondary terminals
A2 , B2 , C2 give a symmetrical phase
is given by
[GATE 2005] voltage. If the terminals H 1 and H 2 of
IR phase I of the primary are reversed
R
without changing the supply at A1 , B1 , C1
R1 , then the phase angle between the line
Balanced
3-phase voltage IB
source
B voltage VA2 B2 and VC2 A2 on the secondary
R1
side will be:
IY
Y (A) 180 (B) 120
(C) 60 (D) 30
(A) [Link] 3 (B) [Link] 2
(C) [Link] 0 (D) [Link] 3 / 2 Q.26 Three single-phase 11000/200 V
transformers are connected to form 3-
Q.24 Consider the star network shown in phase transformer bank. High voltage
figure. The resistance between terminals side is connected in star and low voltage
A and B with C open is 6 , between side is in delta. What are the voltage
 Three Phase Transformers | 5
ratings and turn ratio of 3-phase (A) 47.3,30.2m (B) 38.2, 24.4m
transformer? (C) 32.4, 20.7m (D) 27.3,17.5m
(A) 19052 / 220 V, 50 Q.31 A 5000 kVA, 3-phase transformer, 6.6/33
(B) 19052 / 220 V, 50 3 kV, /Y has a no-load loss of 15 kW and a
full-load loss of 50 kW. The impedance
(C) 11000 / 381 V, 50 3 drop at full-load is 7%. Calculate the
(D) 11000 / 220 V, 50 primary voltage when a load of 3200 kW at
0.8 p.f. is delivered at 33 kV.
Q.27 What is the phase displacement between (A) 6.02 kV (B) 6.86 kV
primary and secondary voltage for a (C) 19.8 kV (D) None of these
star-delta, 3-phase transformer
Common Data for Questions 32
connection shown below?
A 2000 kVA, 6600/400 V, 3  
transformer is delta connected on the KV
side and star connected on the LV side.
Power factor is 0.8 leading.
SC test (HV) : 400 V, 175 A, 17 kW
OC test (LV) : 400 V, 150 A, 15 kW
(A) 30 lagging (B) 30 leading
Q.32 The voltage regulation is :
(C) 0 (D) 180 (A) -2.92 % (B) -3.92 %
(C) -4.92 % (D) None of these
Q.28 In the figure, an incomplete 3  
transformer connection is shown. The Q.33 The diagram give below shows the
reading of the voltmeter will be: connection of a four-wire delta bank for
N1  100 N 2  75 obtaining a 3-phase 4-wire distribution
A1 A2 a2 a1
system. The secondary voltage between the
400 V
B1 B2 b2 b1
terminals are as indicated.
Line to
line V A
C1 C2 c2 c1

(A) 0 V (B) 173.2 V

(C) 346.4 V (D) 300 V B C

Common Data for Questions 29 & 30 a

The full load ohmic loss on the HV side 115V
of a 300 kVA, 11000/550 V, mesh/star 230V 230V
3   transformer is 1.86 kW and on the 115V

LV side it is 1.44 kW. b c

230V

Q.29 Calculate phase resistance on each side. What is the voltage between the terminals b
(A) 22.5,14.5m (B) 12.9,8.4m and d in the above system when the primary
(C) 7.5, 4.8m (D) None of these side is energized from an appropriate
symmetrical 3-phase system?
Q.30 Calculate phase reactance on each side 230 230
(A) V (B) V
if the total reactance on primary is 4% 2 3
and reactance is divided in the same
(C) 115  3V (D) 115  2V
portion as the resistance.
6 | Electrical Machine
Q.34 Two single phase transformers with turns (B) 2.96,0.0264 pu
rations 1 and 2 respectively are connected to (C) 1.96,0.0164 pu
a three phase supply on the primary side as
(D) None of these
shown in the figure. The voltmeter V2 will
be: Q.37 A 3-phase transformer bank consists of
A
three identical 2300/230 V, 15 kVA
1:1
single phase transformers connected in
100 0
delta/delta. The bank supplies a 20 kVA,
B V2
unity power factor 3-phase load. If one
of the single phase transformer develops
100  120 a fault and is removed, the load carried
C 1: 2 by each of the two transformers now
operating in open delta will be :
(A) 100 V (B) 173 V (A) 10 kVA (B) 15 kVA
(C) 200 V (D) 265 V (C) 20 / 3 kVA (D) 20 kVA
Q.38 A  /  connected transformer is
Q.35 A 100 MVA, 230/115 kV,  power
transformer has a resistance of 0.02 pu and a connected as V/V connected
reactance of 0.055 pu. The transformer transformer. The ratio of VA rating of
supplies a load of 80 MVA at 0.85 pf V/V connected transformer and  / 
lagging. The percentage voltage regulation connected transformer is :
of the transformer is _______. (A) 57.7% (B) 100%
(C) 50% (D) 75%
Q.36 A 300 kVA, 3300/400 V, three-phase
transformer has its primary and secondary Q.39 When one transformer is removed a
windings connected in delta for a dummy  bank of 30 kVA transformer, the
load test. For circulating full load current,
capacity of the resulting 3-phase
the magnitude of the voltage injected in the
open delta of h.v. windings is 360 V.
transformer in V-V connection will be
Calculate the leakage impedance in HV per (A) 11.5 kVA (B) 17.3 kVA
phase in ohms and in per unit system. (C) 20 kVA (D) 25.9 kVA
(A) 3.96,0.0364 pu
 Three Phase Transformers | 7

Answer Key : Three Phase Transformers

1 97.36 2 D 3 30 4 A 5 B

6 C 7 B 8 A 9 625.09 10 37.88

11 B 12 B 13 D 14 B 15 B

16 B 17 B 18 A 19 B 20 B

21 C 22 B 23 A 24 B 25 C

26 A 27 A 28 C 29 C 30 D

31 B 32 A 33 C 34 B 35 3.67%

36 A 37 A 38 A 39 B
 FEATURES OF THREE PHASE TRANSFORMER

1. Features of    connection:  Y/Y transformer connection doesn’t

 If x : 1 is phase turns ratio then line provide any closed path within the
turns ratio is x : 1 phases for the flow of 3rd harmonic
 As phase voltage is equal to line current. Therefore the shape of emf
in this connection is sinusoidal only
voltage in  /  , this connection
when 3 limbed core type core is
requires more no of the turns per
employed. On the other hand shape
phase when compared to Y/Y of
of emf in the connection is non-
same voltage rating.
sinusoidal if 5 limbed shell type
 As Vph = VL in  /  , it requires core is employed.
more amount of insulation as
compared to Y/Y of same voltage
rating.
3. Features of  /Y connection:
 In this transformer is phase turns
IL
 As I ph  in  /  it requires ratio is x : 1 the line turns ratio is x :
3 3
57.7% of cross section area of
conductor when compared to Y/Y  This  / Y transformer connection
of same current rating . offers highest secondary terminal
voltage (73% more) among all the
 Y/Y  suitable for High voltage
T/F connections for the same
and low current rating transformer
applied voltage and turns ratio.
i.e small KVA rating.
 For same voltage rating,   Y
 /   suitable for Low voltage
requires less no of turns per phase
and high current rating transformer
among all the transformer
i-e large KVA rating
connection, so that this transformer
 Both sides  connection offer is most economical when compared
closed path for the flow of 3rd to other transformer connections.
harmonic current, is therefore the
 This connection is more economical
shape of emf in the connection is
for step up application.
always sinusoidal irrespective of
type of core.  This transformer connection is
generally employed at beginning of
the transmission line as a step up
2. Features of Y/Y connection : transformer.
 In this transformer ,line turns ratio  As primary side  provide closed
is equal phase turns ratio. path for 3rd harmonic current, 3rd
 Y/Y requires only 57.7% of total no harmonic emf’s in individual Y
of turns per phase and 57.7% of phase on secondary side are absent
total amount of insulation when so that neutral point on secondary
compared to  /  of same voltage side is maintained stable and the
rating. transformer can able to supply 1- 
 Y/Y requires more cross section and 3-  loads perfectly.
area of conductor when compared
 Primary side Delta also privides
to  /  of same current rating.
path for Zero Sequence currents
 Due to above reasons Y/Y under unbalanced load condition,
connection is economical for high thereby the Transformer can supply
voltage, small KVA rating T/F’s. unbalanced loads satisfactorily.
2 | Electrical Machine
 That’s why  / Y transformer voltage ratio. Hence, it is most
connection is most ideal choice for uneconomical transformer
distribution applications. connection among all transformer
connections.
4. Features of Y/  connection:  This transformer connection is
economical for Y winding HV side
 In this transformer connection if the
phase turns ratio is x : 1, line turns and  winding on LV side. That
means it is economical to use this
1 transformer connection for step
ratio is x :
3 down applications.
 This transformer connection  This transformer is not suitable for
produces least secondary terminal distribution application since
voltage among all the transformer neutral is not available on
connections for same applied secondary side.
voltage and turns ratio.  In this transformer, secondary side
 This transformer connection  provides closed path for 3rd
produces 42.3% less terminal harmonic currents. Therefore the
voltage when compared to  /  shape of emf is sinusoidal.
(or) Y/Y connections.
 This transformer connection
requires highest no of turns per
phase on both among all
transformer connections for same
CHAPTER 03 DC MACHINES

Q.1 A 4-pole lap-wound DC generator has a winding and the other with wave
developed power of P watts and voltage winding, then
of E volts. Two adjacent brushes of the (A) wave wound machine will have
machine are removed as they are worn more rated current and more voltage
out. If the machine operates with the (B) lap wound machine will have more
remaining brushes, the developed rated voltage and more current
voltage and power that can be obtained (C) lap wound machine will have more
from the machine are rated voltage and less current
[GATE 1999] (D) wave wound machine will have
E P more rated voltage and less current
(A) E, P (B) ,
2 2
P P Q.7 A dynamo has a rated armature current
(C) E, (D) E, at 250 A. The machine has 12 poles.
4 2
What is the current per path of the
armature if the armature winding is
Q.2 In a dc machine, for the same number of
simplex wave wound or simplex lap
slots and same current in the armature
wound?
conductor, which one of the following
(A) 20.83 A, 20.83 A
will induce higher emf?
(B) 20.83 A, 125 A
(A) Lap winding
(C) 125 A, 20.83 A
(B) Wave winding
(D) 125 A, 125 A
(C) Compensating winding
(D) Pole winding
Q.8 A 4 pole lap connected dc machine has
Q.3 A 4-pole dc generator is running at 1500 an armature resistance of 0.15. The
rpm. The frequency of current in the armature resistance of the machine when
armature winding is rewound for wave connection is _____
.
(A) 50 Hz (B) 150 Hz
(C) 25 Hz (D) 100 Hz
Q.9 A 6 pole, 12 kW, 240 V, dc machine is
Q.4 The air-gap between the yoke and wave connected. If the same machine is
armature in a dc motor is kept small lap connected, all other things remaining
(A) To achieve a stronger magnetic field same, calculate its voltage and current
(B) To avoid overheating of the machine ratings.
(C) To avoid locking of the armature (A) 150 A, 80 V (B) 50 A, 80 V
(D) To avoid transverse motion (C) 150 A, 720 V (D) 50 A, 720 V

Q.5 The armature resistance of a 6 pole lap Q.10 A 4 pole lap wound DC generator has a
developed power of P watts and voltage
wound dc machine is 0.05. If the
of E volts. Three parallel paths of the
armature is rewound as a wave winding,
machine are removed as they are worn
what is the armature resistance?
out. The developed voltage and power
(A) 0.45 (B) 0.30
that can be obtained from the machine
(C) 0.15 (D) 0.10
are
(A) E, P (B) E/2, P/2
Q.6 If two 8 pole dc machines of identical
(C) E, P/4 (D) E, P/2
armatures are wound, one with lap
2 | Electrical Machine
Q.11 A 4 pole lap wound DC generator has a (C) T 2  P3 (D) T is independent ofP
developed power of P watts and voltage Q.16 The torque developed by a motor
of E volts. If two opposite brushes of the armature in Nm is ____ carrying a total
machine are removed as they are worn of 25000 ampere conductors, the core
out. If the machine operates with the diameter being 1 m, the length being 0.3
remaining brushes, the developed m, the pole arc 70% and flux density in
voltage and power that can be obtained the air gap 0.6 T.
from the machine are
(A) E, P (B) E/2, P/2 Q.17 A 2-pole, wave wound DC machine has
(C) E, P/4 (D) 0, 0 24 slots with 18 turns per coil. The
effective length of the machine is 20 cm
Q.12 The no-load speed of a 230 V separately and the radius of the armature is 10 cm.
excited dc motor is 1400 rpm. The The magnetic poles covers 80% of the
armature resistance drop and the brush armature periphery. The average flux
drop are neglected. The field current is density per pole is 1 T and the armature
kept constant at rated value. The torque angular velocity is 183.2 rad/s. The
of the motor in Nm for an armature induced emf per coil is nearly equal to
current of 8 A of the motor in Nm for an _____ Volt.
armature current of 8 A is ______
[GATE 2014] Q.18 The armature of a 4 pole, 200 V lap
connected generator has 400 conductors
Q.13 An 8 pole, dc generator has simplex and runs at 300 rpm. If the number of
wave wound armature containing 32 turns in each field coil is 1200, what is
coils of 6 turns each. Its flux per pole is the average value of the emf induced in
0.06 Wb. The machine is running at 250 each coil an breaking the field, if the
rpm. The induced armature voltage is flux dies completely in 0.1 sec?
[GATE 2004] (A) 600 V (B) 1200 V
(A) 96 V (B) 192 V (C) 2000 V (D) 2400 V
(C) 384 V (D) 768 V Q.19 An 8 pole lap connected dc generator
has 500 armature conductors, a useful
Q.14 A 4 pole dynamo with wave wound flux of 0.05 Wb and runs at 1200 rpm.
armature has 51 slots containing 20 The speed at which it is to be driven to
conductors in each slot. The induced produce the same emf if it is wave
emf is 357 volts and the speed is 8500 wound is _____ rpm.
rpm. The flux per pole will be
[GATE 1996] Q.20 A 220 V, DC machine supplies 20 A at
(A) 3.5 mWb (B) 1.2 mWb 200 V as a generator. The armature
(C) 14 mWb (D) 21 mWb resistance is 0.2 ohm. If the machine is
now operated as a motor at same
Q.15 Neglecting all losses, the developed terminal voltage and current but with the
torque (T) of a dc separately excited flux increased by 10%, then ratio of
motor, operating under constant terminal motor speed to generator speed is
voltage, is related to its output power (P) [GATE 2006]
as under (A) 0.87 (B) 0.95
[GATE 1992] (C) 0.96 (D) 1.06
(A) T  P (B) T  P
 DC Machine | 3
Q.21 A 200 V, 2000 rpm, 10 A, separately [GATE 2002]
excited dc motor has an armature Q.25 A separately excited DC motor is
resistance of 2 . Rated dc voltage is driving a fan load whose torque is
applied to both the armature and field proportional to the square of the speed.
winding of the motor. If the armature When 100 V is applied to the motor, the
draws 5 A from the source, the torque current taken by the motor is 8 A, with
developed by the motor is the speed being 500 rpm. At what
[GATE 2002] applied voltage does the speed reach
(A) 4.3 Nm (B) 4.77 Nm 750 rpm and then what is the current
(C) 0.45 Nm (D) 0.50 Nm drawn by the armature? Assume the
armature circuit resistance to be 1 .
Q.22 A 220 V, 1.5 kW, 859 rpm separately Neglect brush drop and mechanical
excited dc motor has armature resistance losses.
of 2.5 and it draws a current of 8 A at [GATE 1999]
rated load condition. If the field current Q.26 A separately excited dc generator,
and armature voltage are fixed at the operating with fixed excitation delivers
value of the rated speed at rated load, 450 kW to a dc bus at 600 V. Estimate
what will be the no load speed of the the percentage change in generator
motor? Assume losses remain constant speed required so that 180 kW is
between no load and full load operation. delivered to dc bus. Resistance between
[GATE 1995] bus bar terminals and the armature
terminals is 0.015 and armature
Q.23 A permanent magnet dc commutator circuit resistance is 0.015 .
motor has a no load speed of 6000 rpm (A) -1.1687% (B) -2.1687%
when connected to a 120 V dc supply. (C) +1.1687% (D) +2.1687%
The armature resistance is 2.5 ohms and
other losses may be neglected. The Q.27 A dc shunt motor takes an armature
speed of the motor with supply voltage current of 50 A at its rated voltage of
of 60 V developing a torque 0.5 Nm, is : 240 V. Its armature circuit resistance is
[GATE 2000] 0.2. If an external resistance of 1 is
(A) 3000 rpm (B) 2673 rpm inserted in series with the armature and
(C) 2836 rpm (D) 5346 rpm the field flux remains unchanged, then
calculate the percentage change in speed
Q.24 A 230 V, 250 rpm, 100 A separately respectively for the same load torque
excited dc motor has an armature and half of the load torque.
resistance of 0.5. The motor is
connected to a 230 V dc supply and Q.28 A 15 kW, 230 V dc shunt motor has
rated dc voltage is applied to the field armature circuit resistance of 0.4 and
winding. It is driving a load whose filed circuit resistance of 230. At no
torque speed characteristic is given by load and rated voltage, the motor runs at
TL  500  10, where  is the 1400 rpm and the line current drawn by
rotational speed expressed in rad/sec and the motor is 5 A. at full load, the motor
TL is the load torque in Nm. Find the draws a line current of 70 A. Neglect
armature reaction. The full load speed of
steady state speed at which the motor
the motor in rpm is _______
will drive the load and the armature
[GATE 2014]
current drawn by it from the source.
4 | Electrical Machine
Q.29 A 250 V dc shunt machine has armature machine running as a shunt motor and
circuit resistance of 0.6 and filed taking 60 kW input at 240 V. Allow 1 V
circuit resistance of 125. The machine per brush fort contact drop.
is connected to 250 V supply mains. The [GATE 1997]
machine is operated as a generator and Q.34 A DC shunt motor has 120 V across the
then as a motor separately. The line terminals of its armature. The armature
current of the machine in both the cases resistance is 0.25 and the brush
is 50 A. The ratio of the speed as a contact voltage drop is 2 V. If the
generator to be speed as motor is induced back emf changes from 110 V
______. to 105 V, the percentage change in
[GATE 2014] armature current will be
Q.30 A dc shunt motor with an armature (A) 41.67% (B) 2.20%
resistance of 0.2 drive a load at 1245 (C) 38.46% (D) 62.5%
rpm, drawing an armature current of 125
A from 440 V supply. If the excitation is Q.35 A dc series motor is rated 230 V, 1000
reduced to 75% of the initial value and rpm, 80 A. The series field resistance is
the total torque developed by the 0.11 and the armature resistance is
armature remains unaltered, the new 0.14. If the flux at an armature current
speed is _____ rpm. of 20 A is 0.4 times of that under rated
[GATE 1990] condition, calculate the speed at this
Q.31 A separately excited 300 V DC shunt reduced armature current of 20 A.
motor under no load runs at 900 rpm [GATE 2001]
drawing an armature current of 2 A. The Q.36 A4 pole, lap wound, long shunt, dc
armature resistance is 0.5 and leakage compound generator has useful
inductance is 0.01 H. When loaded, the flux/pole of 0.07 Wb. The armature
armature current is 15 A. Then the sped consists of 220 turns and resistance per
in rpm is ______ turn is 0.004. The resistance of shunt
[GATE 2014] and series fields are 100 and 0.02
Q.32 A belt driven dc shunt generator runs at respectively. When the generator is
1500 rpm delivering 10 kW, at 220 V running at 900 rpm with armature
bus bars. The belt breaks, following current of 50 A, calculate the power
which the machine operates as a motor output.
drawing 2 kW power. What will be its
speed as a motor? The armature and Q.37 In a long shunt compound generator, the
field resistance are 0.25 and 55 terminal voltage is 230 V when it
respectively. Ignore armature reaction delivers 150 A. The shunt field, series
and assume the contact drop at each field, diverter and armature resistance
brush to be 1 V. are 92, 0.015, 0.03 and 0.032.
[GATE 2000] The total power generated by the
(A) 1269 rpm (B) 1387 rpm armature is ____ kW.
(C) 1456 rpm (D) 1622 rpm
Q.38 A permanent-magnet dc motor with an
Q.33 A DC shunt generator delivers 60 kW at applied armature voltage of 5 V has an
240 V and 960 rpm. The armature and armature resistance of 4.6. The motor
field resistances are 0.015 and 60 draws an armature current of 12.5 mA at
respectively. Calculate the speed of the no-load speed of 11210 rpm. The motor
 DC Machine | 5
torque constant K m in V/(rad/sec) and efficiency of the motor when it delivers
the no-load rotational losses in mW are rated load.
to be respectively [GATE 1993]
Q.43 A 5 kW, 200 V dc shunt motor has
(A) 0.44 103 , 62 (B) 0.44 103 ,5.43
armature resistance of 1 ohm and shunt
(C) 4.21103 , 62 (D) 4.21103 ,5.43 field resistance of 100 ohm. At no load,
the motor draws 6 A from a 200 V
Q.39 The armature resistance of permanent supply and runs at 1000 rpm. The
magnet dc motor is 0.8 ohm. At no load, rotational loss of the machine is _____
the motor draws 1.5 A from a supply W and the no load torque is _____ Nm
voltage of 25 V and runs at 1500 rpm. [GATE 1997]
The efficiency of the motor while it is Q.44 A 220 V dc shunt motor has RA  0.2
operating on load at 1500 rpm drawing a
and RF  110. AT no load the motor
current of 3.5 A from the same source
will be: takes 5 A and runs at 1500 rpm. If the
[GATE 2004] motor draws 52 A at rated voltage and
(A) 48.0% (B) 57.1% rated load, calculate the motor speed and
(C) 59.2% (D) 88.8% its rated shaft torque in Nm. The
rotational losses at no load and full load
Q.40 A125 V, 12.5 kW shunt generator is are the same. Neglect armature reaction.
driven by a 20 hp motor to generate (A) 1335 rpm, 55.4 Nm
rated output. The armature circuit (B) 1435 rpm, 65.4 Nm
resistance is 0.1 , and the field circuit (C) 1535 rpm, 75.4 Nm
resistance is 62.5. The rated variable (D) None of these
electric loss is 1040 W. At rated power
output, the armature current for Q.45 In a DC machine, which of the
maximum efficiency is following statements is true?
(A) 102 A (B) 100 A [GATE 2006]
(C) 117.5 A (D) 106.3 A (A) Compensating winding is used for
neutralizing armature reaction while
Q.41 In a dc motor running at 2000 rpm, the interpole winding is used for producing
hysteresis and eddy current losses are residual flux
500 W and 200 W respectively. If the (B) Compensating winding is used for
flux remains constant, calculate the neutralizing armature reaction while
speed at which the total iron losses are interpole winding is used for improving
halved. commutation
[GATE 2001] (C) Compensating winding is used for
(A) 2280 rpm (B) 6140 rpm improving commutation while interpole
(C) 1140 rpm (D) 3070 rpm winding is used for neutralizing
armature reaction
Q.42 A 10 kW, 240 V dc shunt motor draws a (D) Compensating winding is used for
line current of 5.2 A while running at improving commutation while interpole
no-load speed of 1200 rpm from a 240 winding is used for producing residual
V dc supply. It has an armature flux
resistance of 0.25 and a field
Q.46 The compensating winding in a dc
resistance of 160 . Estimate the
machine
6 | Electrical Machine
[GATE 2000] Q.50 Estimate the number of turns ____
(A) is located on armature slots for needed on each commutating pole of a 6
compensation of the armature reaction pole separately excited uncompensated
(B) is located on commutating poles for generator delivering 200 kW at 200 V.
improving the commutation Given number of lap connected
(C) is located on pole shoes for avoiding armature conductors = 540, interpolar
the flashover at the commutator surface air gap 1 cm, flux density in the
(D) is located on pole shoes to avoid the interpolar air gap = 0.3 T. Ignore effect
sparking at the brushes of iron parts of the circuit and leakage.

Q.47 A 200 V, 10 kW, lap wound dc Q.51 A 250 V, 14.9 kW, 8 pole dc machine
generator has 10 poles and 500 has single turn coils. The armature is
conductors on its armature. If the pole wave wound with 94 commutator
face covers 80% of the pole pitch, the segments. Motor efficiency is 80%.
pole face conductors require to fully Brushes are shifted by 2 commutator
compensate for armature reaction in segments at full load. Calculate the
conductors/pole will be demagnetizing cross magnetizing and
[GATE 1997] total ampere turns per pole.
(A) 4 (B) 40
(C) 100 (D) 400 (A) 149, 289, 438 (B) 129, 289, 418
(C) 149, 269, 418 (D) 139, 279, 418
Q.48 Assuming a uniform distribution of Q.52 A 6 pole lap wound dc machine
current over the armature surface armature has 720 conductors and it
conductors, the shape of the resultant draws 50 A from supply mains. What is
armature m.m.f. in space of a loaded dc the flux distribution produced by the
machine is a symmetrical armature reaction per pole?
(A) Triangular wave with its peak along (A) Rectangular in wave shape with a
the inter-polar axis peak of 500 AT
(B) Triangular wave with its peak along (B) Rectangular in wave shape with a
the pole axis peak of 1000 AT
(C) Rectangular wave with its central (C) Triangular in wave shape with a
axis coinciding with the inter-pole axis peak of 500 AT
(D) Rectangular wave with its central (D) Triangular in wave shape with a
axis coinciding with the pole axis peak of 1000 AT

Q.49 A compensated generator has 12000 Q.53 A 4 pole lap wound armature running at
armature ampere turns per pole. The 1800 rpm delivers a current of 150 A
ratio of pole arc/pole pitch is 0.7. Length and has 64 commutator segments. The
of interpolar air gap is 1.25 cm and flux brush spans 1.2 segments and
density of interpolar air gap is 0.3 T. inductance of each armature coil is 0.06
Find ampere turns per pole for mH. Neglect mica thickness. The value
compensating winding and interpolar of reactance voltage assuming linear
winding commutation and sinusoidal
(A) 8000, 4000 (B) 12000, 6584 communication are respectively ;
(C) 12000, 8400 (D) 8400, 6584 (A) 6.9 V, 6.2 V (B) 6.2 V, 6.9 V
(C) 7.2 V, 7.9 V (D) 7.9 V, 7.2 V
 DC Machine | 7
Q.54 Figure shows the extended view of a 2 Q.55 The graph shown below represents
pole dc machine with 10 armature which characteristic of a d.c. shunt
conductors. Normal brush positions are generator?
shown by A and B placed at the V
interpolar axis. If the brushes are now
shifted, in the direction of rotations, to
A' and B' as shown, the voltage
waveform VAB will resemble
[GATE 2009]
I
N S
(A) Internal characteristic
(B) External characteristic
(C) Open-circuit characteristic
B' A'
(D) Magnetic characteristic
A 

B
  (E)
Q.56 A shunt generator has a critical field
resistance of 200 at a speed of 800
1 2 3 4 5 1' 2' 3' 4' 5' rpm. If the speed of the generator is
rotation at speed ω rad/sec increased to 1000 rpm, what is the
(A) V A 'B ' change in the critical field resistance of
the generator?
(A) Decrease to 160
(B) Remains the same at 200
ωt
0 (C) Increases to 250
0.2 π 0.4 π 0.6 π 0.8 π π
(D) Increases to 312.5
(B) V A 'B '
Q.57 Four type of d.c. Generators at constant
speed are considered (List-I) Their
external characteristics at constant speed
ωt are given in List-II. Match List-I (Types
0 π
0.2 π 0.4 π 0.6 π 0.8 π of d.c. generator) with List-II (External
(C) V A 'B ' characteristics) and select the correct
answer using the codes given below the
lists
ωt
0 π
List-I (Types of d.c. generator)
0.2 π 0.4 π 0.6 π 0.8 π
(A) Separately excited
(D) V A 'B ' (B) Series excited
(C) Shunt excited
(D) Over-compound excited
ωt
0
List-II External characteristics
0.2 π 0.4 π 0.6 π 0.8 π π
8 | Electrical Machine
4 (A) series
3 (B) shunt
Terminal voltage V

2 (C) cumulative compound

(D) differential compound
1
Q.61 A dc series motor fed from rated supply
voltage is overloaded and its magnetic
circuit is saturated. The torque speed
Armature current Ia
characteristic of this motor will be
approximately represented by which
Code: A B C D A B C D curve of figure.
(A) 2 3 1 4 (B) 1 4 2 3 [GATE 2002]
(C) 1 3 2 4 (D) 2 4 1 3
A

Q.58 The external load characteristic of dc

speed
generator at rated speed is assumed to be B
D
linear and is as shown in figure. The C
load circuit comprises only resistance. Torque
When the load current is 50 A, the value
(A) Curve A (B) Curve B
of the load circuit resistance will be
(C) Curve C (D) Curve D
100 V
Q.62 An electric motor with constant output
90 V
power will have a torque speed
Terminal characteristics in the form of a
voltage
in volts [GATE 2001]
(A) straight line through the origin
(B) straight line parallel to the speed
0 50 A 100 A
axis
Load current in amperes (C) c rc e a ou e or g n
(A) 0.9 ohm (B) 1.0 ohm (D) rectangular hyperbola
(C) 1.9 ohm (D) 2.0 ohms
Q.63 A 220 V, 15 kW, 1000 rpm shunt motor
with armature resistance of 0.25, has
Q.59 A cumulatively compounded dc a rated line current of 68 A and a rated
generator is supplying 20 A at 200 V. field current of 2.2 A. The change in
Now if the series field winding is short field flux required to obtain a speed of
circuited, the terminal voltage 1600 rpm while drawing a line current
(A) Will remain unaltered at 200 V of 52.8 A and filed current of 1.8 A is
(B) Will rise to 220 V [GATE 2012]
(C) Will shoot upto a very high value (A) 18.18% increase
(D) Will become less than 200 V (B) 18.18% decrease
(C) 36.36% increase
Q.60 The dc motor, which can provide zero (D) 36.36% decrease
speed regulation at full load without any
controller, is Q.64 A 220 V, DC shunt motor is operating at
[GATE 2007] a speed of 1440 rpm. The armature
 DC Machine | 9
resistance is 1.0 and armature current (A) 25 kW in (i) and 75 kW in (ii)
is 10 A. If the excitation of the machine (B) 25 kW in (i) and 50 kW in (ii)
is reduced by 10%, the extra resistance (C) 50 kW in (i) and 75 kW in (ii)
to be put in the armature circuit to (D) 50 kW in (i) and 50 kW in (ii)
maintain the same speed and torque will Q.68 A Dc shunt motor is running at 1200
be? rpm, when excited with 220 V DC.
[GATE 2011] Neglecting losses and saturation, the
(A) 1.79 (B) 2.1 speed of the motor when connected to a
(C) 3.1 (D) 18.9 175 V DC supply is
Common Data for Questions 65 & 66 [GATE 1999]
A separately excited DC motor runs at
1500 rpm under no-load with 200 V (A) 750 rpm (B) 900 rpm
applied to the armature. The filed (C) 1050 rpm (D) 1200 rpm
voltage is maintained at its rated value.
The speed of the motor, when it delivers Q.69 At 50% of full load, the armature
a torque of 5 Nm, is 1400 rpm as shown current drawn by a DC shunt motor is
in the figure. The rotational losses and 40 A when connected to a 200 V DC
armature reaction are neglected. mains. By decreasing the field flux, its
[GATE 2010] speed is raised by 20%, this also causes
Speed (rpm) a 10% increase in load torque. The
armature resistance including the
1500
brushes is 1 Ohm. Neglect saturation
1400
and armature reaction.
[GATE 1997]
Q.70 A 250 V, dc shunt motor has an
0 5 Torque (Nm) armature current of 20 A when running
at 1000 rpm against some load torque.
Q.65 The armature resistance of the motor is, The armature resistance is 0.5 and
(A) 2 (B) 3.4 brush contact drop is one volt per brush.
(C) 4.4 (D) 7.7 By how much must the main flux be
reduced to raise the speed by 50% if the
Q.66 For the motor to deliver a torque of 2.5 developed torque is constant? Ignore
Nm at 1400 rpm, the armature voltage to effects of armature reaction and
be applied is magnetic saturation.
(A) 125.5 V (B) 193.3 V [GATE 1990]
(C) 200 V (D) 241.7 V (A) 34.8% (B) 29.6%
(C) 52.5% (D) 42.3%
Q.67 A 50 kW dc shunt motor is loaded to
draw rated to draw rated armature Q.71 A 125 V DC shunt motor runs at a speed
current at any given speed. When driven of 1180 rpm. When the motor is
(i) at half the rated speed by armature operated un-load but an additional
voltage control and resistance of 5 is connected in series
(ii) at 1.5 times the rated speed by field with the shunt field, the speed is
control observed to be 1250 rpm with the same
The respective output powers delivered terminal voltage. The value of shunt
by the motor are approximately : resistance is ______ ohm.
10 | Electrical Machine
Q.72 A 230 V DC shunt motor has an shunt motor and taking 60 kW input at
armature circuit resistance of 0.4 and 240 V will be _________.
filed resistance of 115. This motor [GATE 1997]
drive a constant torque load and takes an Q.77 An electric motor with “constant output
armature current of 20 A at 800 rpm. If power” will have a torque speed
motor speed is to be raised from 800 to characteristic in the form of a
1000 rpm, the resistance that must be [GATE 2001]
inserted in the shunt field circuit is ____ (A) straight line through the origin
ohm. Assume magnetization curve to be (B) straight line parallel to the speed
a straight line. axis
(C) circle about the origin.
Q.73 A separately excited DC motor has an (D) rectangular hyperbola.
armature resistance of 0.5 ohms. It runs
from a 250 V DC supply drawing an Q.78 A 240 V dc series motor takes 40 A
armature current of 20 A at 1500 rpm. when giving its rated output at 1500
For the same field current, the torque rpm. Its resistance is 0.3 ohms. The
developed (in Nm) for an armature value of resistance which must be added
current of 10 A will be _________. to obtain rated torque at 1000 rpm is
[GATE 1992] [GATE 2000]
Q.74 The field coil of a 2 pole dc series motor (A) 6 ohms (B) 5.7 ohms
is made up of 2 identical sections. In (C) 2.2 ohms (D) 1.9 ohms
case (i) the 2 sections are connected in
series and in case (ii) the two sections Q.79 A 200 V, 2000 rpm, 10 A, separately
are connected in parallel. If the motor excited DC motor has an armature
takes the rated current in both the cases, resistance of 2 . Rated DC voltage is
then ratio of torque (i) : torque (ii) and applied to both the armature and field
speed (i) : speed (ii) respectively are windings of the motor. If the armature
[GATE 1997] draws 5 A from the source, the torque
(A) 2:1, 1:2 (B) 2:1, 2:1 developed by the motor is ______
(C) 1:2, 1:2 (D) 1:2, 2:1 [GATE 2002]
Q.80 A DC series motor driving an electric
Q.75 A 240 V DC shunt motor with an train, faces a constant power load. It is
armature resistance of 0.5 has a full running at rated speed and rated voltage.
load current of 40 A. Find the ratio of If the speed has to be brought down to
the stalling torque to the full load torque 0.25 pu then the supply voltage has to be
when a resistance of 1 is connected in approximately brought down to
series with the armature? [GATE 2003]
[GATE 1998] (A) 0.75 pu (B) 0.5 pu
(A) 4 (B) 12 (C) 0.25 pu (D) 0.125 pu
(C) 6 (D) None of these
Common Data for Questions 81 & 82
Q.76 A DC shunt generator delivers 60 kW at A 240 V, DC shunt motor draws 15 A
240 V and 360 rpm. The armature and while supplying the rated load at a speed
field resistances are 0.015 and 60 of 80 rad/s. The armature resistance is
respectively (Allowing 1 volt per brush 0.5 and the field winding resistance is
for contact drop). The speed of the 80 .
machine (in rpm) when running as a [GATE 2008]
 DC Machine | 11
Q.81 The net voltage across the armature [GATE 2018]
resistance at the time of plugging will be Q.87 A separately excited dc motor has an
(A) 6 V (B) 234 V armature resistance Ra  0.05 . The
(C) 240 V (D) 474 V field excitation is kept constant. At an
armature voltage of 100 V, the motor
Q.82 The external resistance to be added in produces a torque of 500 Nm at zero
the armature circuit to limit the armature speed. Neglecting all mechanical losses,
current to 125% of its rated value is the no-load speed of the motor (in
(A) 31.1 (B) 31.9 radians) for an armature voltage of 150
(C) 15.1 (D) 15.9 V is __________ (up to 2 decimal
places.)
Q.83 A 15 kW, 230 V DC shunt motor has [GATE 2018]
armature circuit resistance of 0.4 and Q.88 A 220 V DC series motor runs drawing
field circuit resistance of 230 . At no a current of 30 A from the supply.
load and rated voltage, the motor runs at Armature and field circuit resistance are
1400 rpm and the line current drawn by 0.4 and 0.1 , respectively. The load
the motor is 5 A. At full load, the motor toques varies as the square repeated of
draws a line current of 70 A. Neglect the speed. The flux in the motor may be
armature reaction. The full load speed of taken us the motor may be taken as
the motor in rpm is _______. being proportional to the armature
[GATE 2014] current. To reduce the speed of the
Q.84 A 300 V DC shunt motor under no load motor by 50%, the resistance in ohms
runs at 900 rpm drawing an armature that should be added in series with the
current of 2 A. The armature resistance armature is ______.(Given the answer
is 0.5 and leakage inductance is 0.01 up to two decimal places.)
H. When loaded, the armature current is [GATE 2017]
15 A. Then the speed in rpm is ______. Q.89 A separately excited DC generator
[GATE 2014] supplies 150 A to a 145 V DC grid. The
Q.85 A 220 V DC shunt motor takes 3 A at generator is running at 800 rpm. The
no-load. It draws 25 A when running at armature resistance of the generator is
full-load at 1500 rpm. The armature and 0.1. If the speed of the generator is
shunt resistances are 0.5 and 220 , increased to 1000 rpm, the current in
respectively. The no-load speed in rpm amperes supplied by the generator to the
(round off to two decimal places) is DC grid is _______.(Given the answer
________. up to one decimal place.)
[GATE 2019] [GATE 2017]
Q.86 A 200 V DC series motor, when Q.90 A 120 V DC shunt motor takes 2 A at
operating from rated voltage while no load. It takes 7 A on full load while
driving a certain load, draws 10 A running at 1200 rpm. The armature
current and runs at 1000 rpm. The total resistance is 0.8. and the shunt field
series resistance is 1 . The magnetic resistance is 240. The no load speed,
circuit is assumed to be linear. At the in rpm is __________.
same supply voltage, the load torque is [GATE 2017]
increased by 44%. The speed of the Q.91 A 220 V,10 kW, 900 rpm separately
motor in rpm (rounded to the nearest excited DC motor has an armature
integer) is _______. resistance Ra  0.02. When the motor
12 | Electrical Machine
operates at rated speed and with rated
terminal voltage, the electromagnetic Q.93 A 4-pole, separately excited, wave
torque developed by the motor is 70 wound DC machine with negligible
Nm. Neglecting the rotational losses of armature resistance is rated for 230 V
the machine, the current drawn by the and 5 kW at a speed of 1200 rpm. If the
motor from the 220 V supply is same armature coils are reconnected to
[GATE 2017] form a lap winding, what is the rated
(A) 34.2 A (B) 30 A voltage (in volts) and power (in kW)
(C) 22 A (D) 4.84 A respectively at 1200 rpm of the
reconnected machine if the field circuit
Q.92 A 4-pole, lap-connected, separately is left unchanged?
excited dc motor is drawing a steady [GATE 2015]
current of 40 A while running at 600 (A) 230 and 5 (B) 115 and 5
rpm. A good approximation for the (C) 115 and 2.5 (D) 230 and 2.5
wave shape of the current in an armature
conductor of the motor is given by Q.94 A shunt-connected DC motor operates at
[GATE 2016] its rated terminal voltage. Its no-load
(A) speed is 200 radian/second. At its rated
I
torque of 500 Nm, its speed is 180
10A
radian/second. The motor is used to
directly drive a load whose load torque
TL depends on its rotational speed  r (in
t radian/second), such that TL  2.78  r .
(B) Neglecting rotational losses, the steady-
10A state speed (in radian/second) of the
I motor, when it drives this load, is
[GATE 2015]
Q.95 A separately excited DC motor runs at
1000 rpm on no load when its armature
t terminals are connected at a 200 V Dc
(C)
source and the rated voltage is applied to
I 10 A the filed winding. The armature
T  25 ms resistance of this motor is 1 . The no-
load armature current is negligible. With
t the motor developing its full load
T  25 ms -10 A torque, the armature voltage is set, so
that the rotor speed is 500 rpm. When
(D) the load torque is reduced to 50% of the
full load value under the same armature
10 A voltage conditions, the speed rises to
I 520 rpm. Neglecting the rotational
T  25 ms losses, the full load armature current
(in Ampere) is _________.
t [GATE 2015]
T  25 ms Q.96 A separately excited DC generator has
-10 A an armature resistance of 0.1 and
 DC Machine | 13
negligible armature inductance. At rated which will reduce the rotor speed to 500
field current and rated rotor speed, its rpm is ________.
open-circuit voltage is 200 V, When this [GATE 2015]
generator is operated at half the rated Statement for Linked Answer
speed, with half the rated field current, Questions 100 & 101
an un-charged 1000  F capacitor is A 240 V, dc shunt motor draws 15 A
suddenly connected across the armature while supplying the rated load at a speed
terminals. Assume that the speed of 80 rad/s. The armature resistance is
remains unchanged during the transient. 0.5 and the field winding resistance is
At what time (in microsecond) after the 80.
capacitor is connected with the voltage [GATE 2008]
across it reach 25 V? Q.100 The net voltage across the armature
[GATE 2015] resistance at the time of plugging will be
(A) 62.25 (B) 69.3 (A) 6 V (B) 234 V
(C) 73.25 (D) 77.3 (C) 240 V (D) 474 V

Q.97 A DC motor has the following Q.101 The external resistance to be added in
specifications: 10 HP, 37.5 A, 230 V; the armature circuit to limit the armature
flux/pole = 0.01 Wb, number of poles = current to 125% of its rated value is
4, number of conductors = 666, number (A) 31.1 (B) 31.9
of parallel paths = 2. Armature (C) 15.1 (D) 15.9
resistance = 0.267. The armature
reaction is negligible and rotational Q.102 A 30 kW, 220 V, dc shunt motor with a
losses are 600 W. The motor operates full load speed of 535 rpm is to be
from a 230 V DC supply. If the motor braked by plugging. Estimate the value
runs at 1000 rpm, the output torque of resistance, which should be placed in
produced (in Nm) is _______. series with it to limit the initial braking
[GATE 2015] current to 200 A. What would be the
Q.98 A DC shunt generator delivers 45 A at a initial value of the electric braking
terminal voltage of 220 V. The armature torque and the value when the speed had
and the shunt field resistances are fallen to half its full load value?
0.01 and 44 respectively. The stray Armature resistance = 0.086 and full
losses are 375 W. The percentage load armature current = 150 A.
efficiency of the DC generator is
_________.
[GATE 2016]
Q.99 With an armature voltage of 100 V and
rated field winding voltage, the speed of
a separately excited DC motor driving a
fan is 1000 rpm, and its armature current
is 10 A. The armature resistance is 1.
The load torque of the fan load is
proportional to the square of the rotor
speed. Neglecting rotational losses, the
value of the armature voltage (in Volt)
14 | Electrical Machine

Answer Key : DC Machine

1 C 2 B 3 A 4 A 5 A

6 D 7 C 8 0.6 9 A 10 C

11 D 12 12.55 13 C 14 B 15 B

16 17 105 18 19 300 20 A
300.80 rpm, 156 V,
21 A 22 944.5 23 B 24 25
27.01 A 18 A
-21.74%;
26 B 27 28 1240.63 29 1.27 30 1626.6
-8.7%
31 880.43 32 1387.11 33 34 D 35 2678.57
20.81
36 37 38 C 39 A 40 C
KW
784 w &
41 C 42 84.65% 43 44 B 45 B
7.487 Nm
46 C 47 A 48 A 49 D 50 10

51 A 52 C 53 C 54 A 55 B

56 C 57 58 C 59 D 60

61 62 63 D 64 A 65 B

66 B 67 B 68 D 69 -28 70 A

71 84.28 72 30 73 15.28 74 A 75 A

76 343.16 77 D 78 D 79 4.297 80 B

81 D 82 A 83 1240.63 84 880.43 85 1579.326

86 825 87 600 88 10.75 89 550 90 1241.81

91 B 92 C 93 B 94 180 95 8

96 B 97 57.8 98 86.84 99 47.5 100 D

2.0495 ;
101 A 102 713.867 Nm;
540.86 Nm
CHAPTER 04 SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES

Q.1 When stator and rotor windings of a 2- (A) 6 (B) 12

pole rotating electrical machine are (C) 16 (D) 24
excited each would produce a sinusoidal Q.3 Two magnetic poles revolve around a
mmf distribution in the airgap with peak stationary armature carrying two coils
value Fs and Fr respectively. The rotor (c1  c1' , c2  c2' ) as shown in the figure.
mmf lags stator mmf by a space angle  Consider the instant when the poles are
at any instant as shown in figure. Thus, in a position as shown. Identify the
half of stator and rotor surface will form correct statement regarding the polarity
one pole with the other half forming the of the induced emf at the instant in coil
second pole. Further, the direction of sides c1 and c2 .
torques acting on the rotor can be [GATE 2003]
clockwise or counter-clockwise.
[GATE 2003] c2'
c1'
Stator
S N
C c1
Airgap
Rotor
c c2
b
D
B Stator mmf axis (A) in c1 , no emf in c2
ᵟ
d
(B)  in c1 , no emf in c2
a R otor m mf axis
(C) in c2 , no emf in c1
(D)  in c2 , no emf in c1
A

The following table given four sets of Q.4 The phase sequence of a three phase
statements as regards poles and torque. alternator will reverse if:
Select the correct set corresponding to [GATE 2000]
the mmf axes as shown in figure. (A) the field current is reversed keeping
Stator Stator Rotor Rotor the direction of rotation same
surface surface surface surface
Torque is (B) the field current remains the same
ABC CDA abc cda
forms forms forms forms but the direction of rotation is reversed
South South
(C) the field current is reversed and the
(A) North North Clockwise
pole pole pole pole number of poles is doubled
(B) South North North South Counter (D) the number of poles is doubled
pole pole pole pole Clockwise without reversing the field current.
(C) North South South North Counter
pole pole pole pole Clockwise
Q.5 Following are some of the properties of
(D) South North South North
pole pole pole pole Clockwise rotating electrical machines
[GATE 2003]
P. Stator winding current is dc, rotor
Q.2 A hydraulic turbine having rated speed
winding current is ac
of 250 rpm is connected to a
Q. Stator winding current is ac, rotor
synchronous generator. In order to
winding current is dc
produce power at 50 Hz, the number of
R. Stator winding current is ac, rotor
poles required in the generator are
winding current is ac
[GATE 2004]
2 | Electrical Machine
S. Stator has salient poles and rotor has (D)
commutator
e
T. Rotor has salient poles and sliprings
and stator is cylindrical
U. Both stator and rotor have poly- 0 π 2π
phase windings
DC machines, Synchronous machines
and Induction machine exhibit some of
the above properties as given in the Select the correct combination from the
following table. Indicate the correct codes given below:
combination from table. 2-pole 4-pole
DC Synchronous Induction (A) A D
machines machines machines (B) A B
(A) P, S Q, T R, U (C) C D
(B) Q, U P, T R, S (D) B C
(C) P, S R, U Q, T Q.7 Four important parameters of alternators
(D) R, S Q, U P, T
have comparatively larger or smaller
values, depending upon the type of the
alternator. In comparison to a steam
Q.6 An elementary cylindrical machine has turbine driven alternator, a hydraulically
one full-pitch coil in the stator, but the driven machine will have which of the
rotor may have (i) two poles or (ii) four following combinations?
poles of permanent magnets. The time-
[GATE 2004]
varying voltage that could be induced in
the stator coil for one rotation of the Number of Axial Number of Operating
rotor, while the rotor is revolving a armature length of of poles
conductors armature speed
constant speed are shown in the figure
(A) Smaller Larger Smaller Higher
A, B, C and D above.
[GATE 2006] (B) Larger Smaller Larger Lower
(C) Larger Larger Smaller Lower
(A) (D) Smaller Smaller Larger Higher
e

Q.8 Two mechanically coupled alternators

0 π 2π deliver power at 50 Hz and 60 Hz
respectively. The highest speed of the
alternator is:
(B)
e [GATE 1994]
(A) 3600 rpm (B) 3000 rpm
(C) 600 rpm (D) 1500 rpm
0 π 2π
Q.9 An alternator delivers the power at 40
Hz frequency. If this alternator is
(C)
e coupled to another alternator delivering
power at 25 Hz, the two highest possible
0 π 2π
speeds of the set will be
(A) 300 rpm, 150 rpm
(B) 150 rpm, 100 rpm
 Synchronous Machines | 3
(C) 600 rpm, 300 rpm (C) 1400 (D) 1538
(D) 2400 rpm, 1500 rpm
Q.14 The line-to-line induced emf (in volts),
Q.10 The torque angle of a synchronous for a two phase connection is
machine operating from a constant approximately
voltage bus, is usually defined as the (A) 1143 (B) 1332
space angle-between (C) 1617 (D) 1791
[GATE 1992]
(A) Rotor mmf wave and stator mmf Q.15 The fifth harmonic component of phase
wave emf (in volts), for a three phase star
(B) Rotor mmf wave and resultant flux connection is
density wave (A) 0 (B) 269
(C) Stator mmf wave and resultant flux (C) 281 (D) 808
density wave
(D) Stator mmf wave and resultant mmf Q.16 A 4-pole, 3 phase, double-layer winding
wave is housed in a 36 slot stator for an ac
machine with 600 phase spread, coil
Q.11 A 10 MVA, 11 kV, 50 Hz, 3-phase star span is 7 slot pitches. Number of slots in
connected synchronous generator is which top and bottom layers belong to
driven at 300 rpm. The armature different phases is:
winding is housed in 360 slots with 6 [GATE 2003]
conductors per slot. The coil span is (A) 24 (B) 18
five-sixth of a pole pitch. Calculate the (C) 12 (D) 0
flux per pole required to give 11 kV line
voltage on open circuit. Q.17 Distributed winding and short chording
employed in AC machines will result in:
Q.12 For a 3-phase winding with 3 slots per [GATE 2008]
pole per phase and coil span of 8 slots, (A) increase in emf and reduction in
the flux density wave in the air gap of harmonics
this machine is found to have 20% third (B) reduction in emf and increases in
harmonics. Calculate percentage harmonics
increase in per phase rms emf due to (C) increase in both emf and harmonics
harmonic. (D) reduction in both emf and
Common Data For Questions 13 14& harmonics
15
A 4-pole, 50 Hz, synchronous generator Q.18 The distribution factor for a 36 slot
has 48 slots in which a double layer stator with three phase, 8 pole winding,
winding is housed. Each coil has 10 having 1200 phase spread is _______.
turns and is short pitched by an angle of [GATE 1995]
36 electrical. The fundamental flux per Q.19 The breadth factor for 3rd harmonic emf
pole is 0.025 Wb. of a 3-phase, 4-pole, synchronous
[GATE 2006] machine having 36 stator slots is
Q.13 The line-to-line induced emf (in volts), [GATE 2016]
for a three phase star connection is (A) 0.47 (B) 0.53
approximately (C) 0.67 (D) 0.73
(A) 808 (B) 888
4 | Electrical Machine
Q.20 It is desirable to eliminate 5th harmonic answer using the codes given below the
voltage from the phase voltage of an lists:
alternator. The coils should be short- [GATE 1997]
pitched by an electrical angle of List-I (Type of winding)
[GATE 2001] A. Fractional slot windings
(A) 30 0
(B) 360 B. Chorded and distributed windings
(C) 720 (D) 180 C. Damper windings
D. Single phase windings
Q.21 The stator of 3-phase, 16 pole alternator List-II (Feature)
has 144 slots and there are 4 conductors 1. Only two third of the pole pitch is
per slot connected in two layers and occupied by the winding
conductors of each phase are connected 2. Effect of slot harmonics are reduced
in series. If the speed of the alternator is or even eliminated
375 rpm, the emf induced per phase in V 3. The effect of phase belt harmonics
is ____. are reduced
4. Additional asynchronous torque
Resultant flux in the air gap is 5 102 capability in projected pole motors
Webers/pole sinusoidally distributed. Codes: A B C D
Assume coil span as 1500 electrical. (A) 2 3 4 1
(B) 2 3 1 4
Q.22 A three phase alternator has 2 slots per (C) 3 2 1 4
pole per phase and coil span of 5 slot (D) 3 2 4 1
pitches. The flux density wave of Q.26 The armature of a star connected
alternator consists of a fundamental and alternator is uniformly wound with T
25% third harmonic. The percentage coils, each coil having N full pitched
increase in the phase voltage due to turns. The generated emf per conductor
harmonic is _____. is 2 V rms, then the per phase emf is:
3 4
Q.23 For a 3-phase winding with coil span of (A) NT (B) NT
 
1600 , determine the distribution and 6 2
winding factors in case the winding has (C) NT (D) NT
 
a phase spread of 1200 . Take the three Q.27 A three phase alternator is wound with a
phase winding to be uniformly
distributed. 600 phase spread armature winding and
develops 300 kVA. If the armature is
Q.24 A 3-phase star connected alternator has reconnected utilizing all the coils for
81 slots, 6 poles and double layer single phase operation with a phase
narrow spread winding with coil span spread of 1800 , the new rating of the
equal to 13 slots pitches. The flux machine is:
density distribution in the air gap is [GATE 1999]
given by B( )  sin   0.4sin 3 (A) 100 kVA (B) 200 kVA
0.25sin 5 . Find the ratio of resulting (C) 250 kVA (D) 300 kVA
line emf to the resultant phase emf.
Q.28 The armature of a single phase
alternator is completely wound with T
Q.25 Match List-I (Type of winding) with
single turn coils distributed uniformly.
List-II (Feature) and select the correct
 Synchronous Machines | 5
The induced voltage in each turn is 2 V (D) Ineffective
rms. The emf of the whole winding is: Q.32 Match the List-I (Power factor) with
[GATE 1998] List-II (Armature reaction of an
(A) 2 T Volt (B) 1.11 T Volt alternator) and select the correct answer
(C) 1.414 T Volt (D) 1.273 T Volt using the codes given below the lists:
[GATE 2000]
Q.29 A 20-pole alternator is having 180 List-I List-II
identical stator slots with 6 conductors A. UPF 1. Fully demagnetizing
in each slot. All the coils of a phase are B. ZPF lagging 2. Fully magnetizing
in series. If the coils are connected to C. ZPF leading 3. Cross-magnetizing
realize single phase winding, the D. Intermediate 4. Party cross-
generated voltage is V1 . If the coils are Lagging magnetizing and
reconnected to realize three phase star- party demagnetizing
connected winding, the generated phase Codes: A B C D
voltage is V2 . Assuming full pitch, (A) 3 1 4 2
(B) 3 1 2 4
single layer winding, the ratio V1 / V2 is (C) 1 3 2 4
[GATE 2014] (D) 1 3 4 2
1 1 Q.33 The flux/pole in a synchronous motor
(A) (B)
3 2 with stator not connected to supply is 1
(C) 3 (D) 2 3
and when connected to supply it is 1.
4
Q.30 The flux per pole in a synchronous The no-load current drawn from the
motor with the field circuit on and the supply under this condition would be
stator disconnected from the supply is [GATE 2015]
found to be 25 mWb. When the stator is (A) Lagging the supply voltage
connected to the rated supply with the (B) Leading the supply voltage
field excitation unchanged, the flux per (C) In phase with the supply voltage
pole in the machine is found to be 20 (D) Zero
mWb while the motor is running on no
load. Assuming no load losses to be Q.34 A 5 MVA, 11 kV, three phase star
zero, the no load current drawn by the connected alternator is synchronized to
motor from the supply the bus bars and is operating with an
[GATE 2002] induced emf of 125% of the rated
(A) lags the supply voltage voltage. If the load current is 500 A,
(B) leads the supply voltage what is the power factor of operation?
(C) is in phase with the supply voltage The machine has a synchronous
(D) is zero reactance of 5 and negligible
resistance per phase.
Q.31 A synchronous generator is feeding a [GATE 1999]
zero power factor (lagging) load at rated Statement For Linked Answer
current. The armature reaction is: Questions 35 & 36
[GATE 2006] A 1000 kVA, 6.6 kV, 3-phase star
(A) Magnetizing connected cylindrical pole synchronous
(B) Demagnetizing generator has a synchronous reactance
(C) Cross- magnetizing of 20. neglect the armature resistance.
6 | Electrical Machine
Consider at full load and unity power negligible resistance. If it supplies 10 A
factor. to a purely capacitive load at 200 V,
[GATE 2015] then the generated emf will be …. V and
Q.35 The induced emf (line-to-line) is close the regulation will be …..
to: [GATE 1997]
(A) 5.5 kV (B) 7.2 kV (A) 240 V, +20% (B) 220 V, +10%
(C) 9.6 kV (D) 12.5 kV (C) 200 V, 0% (D) 180 V, -10%
Q.36 The power (or torque) angle is close to:
(A) 13.90 (B) 18.30 Q.41 A star connected 440 V, 50 Hz
(C) 24.60 (D) 33.00 alternator has per phase synchronous
Q.37 A 500 MW, 3-phase, Y-connected reactance of 10 . It supplies a balanced
synchronous generator has a rated capacitive load current of 20 A, as
voltage of 21.5 kV at 0.85 pf. The line shown in the per phase equivalent
current when operating at full load rated circuit of figure. It is desirable to have
conditions will be: voltage regulation. The load power
[GATE 2014] factor should be [GATE 2001]
j10 20 A
(A) 13.43 kA (B) 15.79 kA
(C) 23.25 kA (D) 27.36 kA
440
Q.38 A straight line law connects terminal E ph  V ~ Load
3
voltage and load of a 3-phase star
connected alternator delivering current
at 0.8 power factor lagging. At no load,
the terminal voltage is 3500 V and at
full load of 2280 kW, it is 3300 V. (A) 0.82 (B) 0.47
Calculate the terminal voltage when (C) 0.39 (D) 0.92
delivering current to a 3-phase, star
connected load having a resistance of Q.42 A single phase, 2000 alternator has
8 and a reactance of 6 per phase. armature resistance and reactance of 0.8
Assume constant speed and field ohms and 4.94 ohms respectively. The
excitation. voltage regulation of the alternator at
100 A load at 0.8 leading power factor
Q.39 A 3-phase, 60 Hz, permanent magnet is: [GATE 2000]
synchronous generator produces an
open-circuit voltage of 208 V line-to- (A) 7% (B) -8.9%
line. Its terminal voltage is observed to (C) 14% (D) 0%
be 192 V line-to-line for a power output
of 4.5 kW when operating at the rated Q.43 A 10 kVA, 380 V, 4-pole, 50 Hz, star-
speed and supplying a resistance load. If connected cylindrical rotor alternator
the armature resistance is assumed to be has a stator resistance and synchronous
neglected, then the synchronous reactance of 1 ohm and 15 ohms
reactance of the generator equals to respectively. It supplies a load of 8 kW
______ ohm. at rated voltage and 0.8 power factor
lagging.
Q.40 A single phase alternator has a [GATE 1991]
synchronous reactance of 2 ohms and (1) Calculate the percentage regulation
 Synchronous Machines | 7
(2) What is the terminal voltage if the vertical distance PQ in figure gives the
load is suddenly removed (with the voltage drop across
speed and excitation unaltered). [GATE 2007]
Q.44 A given 3 MVA, 50 Hz, 11 kV, 3-phase, Voltage (pu) X
star connected alternator when P
supplying 100 A at zero pf leading has
Y
line to line voltage of 12370 V; when 1.0 Q
load is removed the terminal voltage
falls down to 11000 V. Assume an
effective resistance 0.4 per phase.
The regulation of the alternator when Field Current
supplying full load at 0.8 pf lag is (A) Synchronous reactance
____%. (B) Magnetizing reactance
(C) Potier reactance
Q.45 What does the SCR (short circuit ratio) (D) Leakage reactance
of a synchronous machine yield?
1 Q.48 Match List-I (Regulation method) with
(A)
X s (unsaturated) pu List-II (Relevant phasor) regarding the
1 synchronous generator and select the
(B) correct answer using the codes given
X s (unsaturated) in Ohm
below the lists:
1 List-I (Regulation method)
(C)
X s (adjusted) pu A. Synchronous impedance method
1 B. Mmf method
(D) C. Zero power factor (ZPF) method
X s (adjusted) in Ohm
D. American standard association
method saturation
Q.46 A 25 kVA, 400 V,  -connected, 3-
List-II (Relevant phasor)
phase, cylindrical rotor synchronous
1. emf phasor
generator requires a field current of 5 A
2. predominantly mmf phasor
to maintain the rated armature current of
3. both emf and mmf phasors
under short-circuit condition. For the
4. emf and mmf phasors including
same field current, the open-circuit
saturation
voltage is 360 V. Neglecting the
Codes : A B C D
armature resistance and magnetic
(A) 1 2 3 4
saturation, its voltage regulation (in %
(B) 1 2 4 3
with respect to terminal voltage), when
(C) 2 1 3 4
the generator delivers the rated load at
(D) 2 1 4 3
0.8 pf leading, at rated terminal voltage
is _______. [GATE 2017]
Q.49 A 25 MVA, 13 kV, 50 Hz synchronous
machine has a short circuit ratio of 0.52.
Q.47 Curves X and Y in figure denote open
For rated induced voltage on no load, it
circuit and full-load zero power factor
requires a field current of 250 A.
(zpf) characteristics of a synchronous
Calculate the adjusted (or saturated)
generator. Q is a point on the zpf
synchronous reactance of the machine.
characteristics at 1.0 pu voltage. The
What is its pu value?
8 | Electrical Machine
(A) 13,1 pu (B) 13,1.923 pu Q.53 A star connected 400 V, 50 Hz, 4-pole
(C) 6.76,1 pu (D) 6.76,1.923 pu synchronous machine gave the
following open circuit and short circuit
Q.50 A 100 kVA, 415 V (line), star connected test results: [GATE 2014]
synchronous machine generates rated Open circuit test: Voc  400 V (rms, line-
open circuit voltage of 415 V at a field to-line) at field current I f  2.3 A
current of 15 A. The short circuit Short circuit test : I sc  10 A (rms,
armature current at a field current of
10A is equal to the rated armature phase) at field current, I f  1.5 A
current. The per unit saturated The value of per phase synchronous
synchronous reactance is: impedance in  at rated voltage is
[GATE 2007] ____.
(A) 1.731 (B) 1.5
(C) 0.666 (D) 0.577 Q.54 A field excitation of 20 A in a certain
alternator results in an armature current
Q.51 A three phase alternator has negligible of 400 A in short circuit and a terminal
stator resistance. A short circuit test is voltage of 2000 V on open circuit. The
conducted on the alternator. At a magnitude of the internal voltage drop
particular speed a field current of I f 1 is within the machine at a load current of
required to drive the rated armature 200 A is:
current. If the speed of the alternator is [GATE 2009]
reduced to half, the field current (A) 1 V (B) 10 V
required to maintain rated armature (C) 100 V (D) 1000 V
current
Q.55 Figure depicts the load characteristics of
[GATE 1993]
an isolated 3-phase alternator running at
(A) would be equal to I f 1
constant speed. Match the following sets
(B) would be equal to 2 I f 1 of operating conditions with the given
(C) would be equal to I f 1 / 2 characteristics. Disregard the effects of
saliency, saturation and stator resistance.
(D) cannot be predicated due to
[GATE 1992]
insufficient data pu terminal
voltage or P
excitation
Q.52 The figure shows the characteristics of voltage Q
an alternator. Which curve represents
synchronous impedance? 1.0
[GATE 1996] R

D S
Short circuit current

C
Open circuit voltage

0 1.0 pu stator current

B
A. Constant excitation and non zero
leading pf
A B. Constant excitation and zero pf
Excitation
leading
(A) curve A (B) curve B C. Constant terminal voltage and zero
(C) curve C (D) curve D pf leading
 Synchronous Machines | 9
D. Constant terminal voltage and non Q.59 A 3-phase, 50 Hz generator supplies
zero leading pf power of 3 MW at 17.32 kV to a
Codes : A B C D balanced 3-phase inductive load through
(A) Q P S R an overhead line. The per phase line
(B) R S P Q resistance and reactance are 0.25 and
(C) S R Q P 3.925 respectively. If the voltage at
(D) P Q R S the generator terminal is 17.87 kV, the
Q.56 Figure shows the magnetization curve of power factor of the load is _____.
an alternator at rated armature, unity [GATE 2017]
power factor and also at no load. The Q.60 A non-salient pole synchronous
magnetization curve for rated armature generator having synchronous reactance
current 0.8 power factor leading is given of 0.8 pu is supplying 1 pu power to a
by [GATE 2001] unit power factor load at a a terminal
voltage of 1.1 pu Neglecting the
V
armature resistance, the angle of the
voltage behind the synchronous
No Load Rated armature
C
current unity pf
reactance with respect to the angle of the
B terminal voltage in degrees is _____.
A
D
[GATE 2014]

Q.61 A synchronous generator is connected to

Exciting Current an infinite bus with excitation voltage
(A) curve A E f  1.3pu. The generator has a
(B) curve B synchronous reactance of 1.1 pu and is
(C) curve C delivering real power (P) of 0.6 pu to the
(D) curve D
bus. Assume the infinite bus voltage to
be 1.0 pu. Neglect stator resistance. The
Q.57 A star connected turbo alternator, with
reactive power (Q) in pu supplied by the
Z s  0.5  j10 per phase, delivers 200 generator to the bus under this condition
A at unity pf to a 11 kV infinite bus. If is _____. [GATE 2014]
the alternator excitation is increased by
25%, find the current and pf at which Q.62 A 3-phase, 50 Hz, 415 V, synchronous
the machine shall now work. Assume a machine operates at rated voltage and at
constant stem supply and unchanged a leading power factor of 0.9. Shaft
efficiency. power is 15 kW and the excitation emf
is 400 V. If per phase resistance is 0.5
Q.58 A synchronous generator has its ohm, find the synchronous reactance.
effective internal impedance Z s  10 Neglect mechanical losses of the
and resistance ra  1. Its generated system. [GATE 1995]
voltage E f and terminal voltage Vt are
Q.63 A 3-phase, 11 kV,5 MVA alternator has
both 500 V. The maximum power synchronous reactance of 10 per
output is phase. Its excitation is such that the
(A) 50000 W (B) 45500 W generated e.m.f. is 14 kV. If the
(C) 30000 W (D) 22500 W alternator is connected to infinite bus
10 | Electrical Machine
bar, the maximum output at the given Q.67 Match List-I (Machine characteristic)
excitation is with List-II (Quantity) and select the
(A) 15,400 kW (B) 8,000 kW correct answer using the code given
(C) 6,200 kW (D) 5,135 kW below the lists :
List-I
Q.64 A synchronous machine is synchronized A. Open-circuit characteristic
with an infinite bus at rated voltage. B. V curve
Now the steam input to prime mover is C. Internal characteristic
increased till synchronous machine D. Inverted V-curve
starts operating at rated kVA. The List-II
machine has Z s  0.02  j 0.8 pu. 1. p.f. vs. I f 2. Ea vs. I a
Determine the operating pf of the 3. Eg vs. I f 4. I a vs. I f
alternator and its load angle.
Codes : A B C D
(A) 0.906 lead, 47.150 (A) 3 1 2 4
(B) 0.906 lag, 47.150 (B) 2 4 3 1
(C) 0.806 lead, 37.150 (C) 3 4 2 1
(D) 2 1 3 4
(D) 0.806 lag, 37.150 Q.68 A synchronous generator connected to
an infinite bus is overexcited.
Q.65 A 22 kV, 3   , star connected turbo Considering only the reactive power,
alternator with a synchronous from the point of view of the system, the
impedance of j1.2 per phase is machine acts as
delivering 230 MW at upf to 22 kV grid. [GATE 1998]
With the turbine power remaining (A) a capacitor (B) an inductor
constant, the alternator excitation is (C) a resistor (D) as RL circuit
increased by 30%. At the new
excitation, the turbine power is now Q.69 A synchronous generator connected to
increased and the machine delivers 275 an infinite bus is supplying electrical
MW. Calculate the new current and power at unity power factor to the bus.
power factor. If the field current is increased
(A) both the active and reactive power
Q.66 A stand alone engine drive synchronous output of the machine will remain
generator is feeding a partly inductive unchanged
load. A capacitor is now connected (B) the active power output of the
across the load to completely nullify the machine will remain unchanged but the
inductive current. For this operating machine will also supply lagging
condition reactive power
[GATE 2003] (C) the active power output of the
(A) the field current and fuel input have machine will increase and the machine
to be reduced will draw leading reactive power from
(B) the field current and fuel input have the bus
to be increased (D) the active power output of the
(C) the field current has to be increased machine will remain unchanged but the
and fuel input left unaltered machine will also supply leading
(D) the field current has to be reduced reactive power
and fuel input left unaltered
 Synchronous Machines | 11
Q.70 A three phase synchronous generator, losses? How many KVARs is the motor
with its armature resistance and the supplying to the system at 0.8 leading
leakage reactance being neglected, is power factor?
synchronized to an infinite bus and its [GATE 2000]
field excitation is kept constant Q.74 A 3 phase 400 V, 5 kW, star connected
thereafter. Now the machine is loaded synchronous motor having an internal
by supplying mechanical input to the reactance of 10 is operating at 50%
shaft so that the load angle  reaches a load, unity pf. Now, the excitation is
value of 600 . Under this condition, the increased by 1%. What will be the new
operating power factor would be: load in percent, if the power factor is to
(A) 0.866 leading (B) 0.866 lagging be kept same? Neglect all losses and
(C) 0.5 leading (D) 0.5 lagging consider linear magnetic circuit
[GATE 2006]
Q.71 A three-phase, 50 Hz star-connected (A) 67.9% (B) 56.9%
cylindrical-rotor synchronous machine (C) 51% (D) 50%
is running as a motor. The machine is
operated from a 6.6 kV grid and draws Q.75 A 415 V, 2 pole, 3-phase, 50 Hz, star
current at unity power factor (UPF). The connected, non-salient pole synchronous
synchronous reactance of the motor is motor has synchronous reactance of 2
30 per phase. The load angle is 300 . per phase and negligible stator
The power delivered to the motor in kW resistance. At a particular field
is _____. (Give the answer up to one excitation, it draws 20 A at unity power
decimal place). factor from a 415 V, 3-phase, 50 Hz
[GATE 2017] supply. The mechanical load on the
motor is now increased till the stator
Q.72 A three-phase,11 kV, 50 Hz, 2 pole, star current is equal to 50 A. The field
connected, cylindrical rotor synchronous excitation remains unchanged.
motor is connected to an 11 kV, 50 Hz [GATE 2002]
source. Its synchronous reactance is Determine :
50 per phase, and its stator resistance 1. The per phase open circuit voltage
is negligible. The motor has a constant 2. The developed power for the new
field excitation. At a particular load operating condition and
torque, its stator current is 100 A at corresponding power factor.
unity power factor. If the load torque is
increased so that the stator current is 120 Q.76 A 3   , 415 V, 6 pole, 50 Hz, star
A, then the load angle (in degrees) at connected synchronous motor has an
this load is _______. emf of 520 V. The stator winding has a
[GATE 2015] synchronous reactance of 2 per phase,
and the motor develops a torque of 220
Q.73 A 2300 V, 3-phase synchronous motor Nm. The motor is operating off 415 V,
driving a pump is provide with a line 50 Hz bus. Calculate the current drawn
ammeter and field rheostat. When the from the supply and its power factor.
rheostat is adjusted such that the ac line [GATE 1992]
current is minimum, the ammeter reads
8.8 A. What is the power being Q.77 A round rotor generator with internal
delivered to the pump, neglecting voltage E1  2.0 pu and X sg  1.1 pu is
12 | Electrical Machine
connected to a round rotor synchronous Q.80 The excitation voltage (E) and load
motor with internal voltage E2  1.3 pu angle ( ) will respectively be:
and X sm  1.2 pu. The reactance of the (A) 0.8 pu and 36.860 lag
line connecting the generator to the (B) 0.8 pu and 36.860 lead
motor is 0.5 pu. When the generator (C) 1.17 pu and 30.960 lead
supplies 0.5 pu power, the rotor angle
difference between the machines will be (D) 1.17 pu and 30.960 lag
[GATE 2004] Q.81 Keeping the excitation voltage same, the
(A) 57.42 0
(B) 10 load on the motor is increased such that
the motor current increases by 20%. The
(C) 32.580 (D) 122.580 operating power factor will become :
(A) 0.995 lagging (B) 0.995 leading
Q.78 A 3   , 6 pole, 2.3 kV, 200 kVA, star (C) B0.791 lagging (D) 0.848 leading
connected synchronous motor has
synchronous reactance of 12 per Q.82 A synchronous motor operating at rated
phase and negligible resistance. The voltage draws 1.0 pu current at 1.0
motor is initially operating at a load of power factor. The machine parameters
120 kW with the field current adjusted are : synchronous reactance 1.0 pu;
such that the armature current is armature resistance negligible. Apart
minimum. The field current is now from supplying this rated power, is the
increased such that the armature current motor has to supply an additional
is increased by 50%. With this field leading reactive power of 0.8 pu, then
current the load is reduced to 60 kW. the field current has to be increased by
Calculate the new values of armature [GATE 1996]
current and power factor. (A) 42% (B) 46%
[GATE 1994] (C) 52% (D) 60%

Q.79 A 400 V, 50 kVA, 0.8 pf leading  - Q.83 A cylindrical-rotor generator with

connected, 50 Hz synchronous machine internal voltage 2.0 pu and X s  1.0 pu
has a synchronous reactance of 2 and
is connected by a line of reactance 0.5
negligible armature resistance. The
pu to a round-rotor synchronous motor
friction and windage losses are 2 kW
of synchronous reactance 1.2 pu and
and the core loss is 0.8 kW. The shaft is
excitation voltage 1.35 pu. When 0.5 pu
supplying 9 kW load but a power factor
power is supplied by the generator, the
of 0.8 leading. The line current drawn is
electrical angular difference between the
[GATE 2004]
rotor would be
(A) 12.29 A (B) 16.24 A
[GATE 2015]
(C) 21.29 A (D) 36.88 A 0
Statement For Linked Answer (A) 25 (B) 300
Questions 80 & 81 (C) 600 (D) 1200
A synchronous motor is connected to an
infinite bus at 1.0 pu voltage and draws Q.84 A 2200 V, 3-phase star connected, 8
0.6 pu current at unity power factor. Its pole synchronous motor has impedance
synchronous reactance is 1.0 pu and per phase equal to 0.4  j 6 . When the
resistance is negligible. motor runs at no load, the field
[GATE 2008] excitation is adjusted so that EF is made
 Synchronous Machines | 13
equal to VT . When the motor is loaded, 3. synchronous motor is used as a
capacitor where load is so large that
the rotor is retarded by 30 mechanical.
construction of a static capacitor is
The ratio of maximum power the motor
impractical
can supply without falling out of step to
Correct statement are :
the power developed by the motor is
______.
(A) 1 and 2 only (B) 1 and 3 only
(C) 2 and 3 only (D) 1, 2 and 3
Q.85 A synchronous motor operates at 0.8
p.f. lagging . If the field current of the
Q.88 In a salient pole synchronous motor, the
motor is continuously increased
developed reluctance torque attains the
1. the power factor decreases upto a
maximum value when the load angle in
certain value of field current and
electrical degree is
thereafter it increases
[GATE 2018]
2. the armature current increases upto a 0
certain value of field current and (A) 0 (B) 450
thereafter it decreases (C) 600 (D) 900
3. the power factor increases upto a
certain value of field current and Q.89 A cylindrical rotor synchronous motor is
thereafter it decreases switched on to the supply with its field
4. the armature current decreases upto a winding shorted on themselves. It will
certain value of field current and [GATE 1996]
thereafter it increases (A) not start
The correct statement are : (B) start but not run at synchronous
[GATE 1993] speed
(A) 1 and 2 (B) 3 and 4 (C) start as an induction motor and then
(C) 1 and 3 (D) 2 and 4 run at synchronous speed
(D) start and run as a synchronous motor
Q86 A three-phase synchronous motor
connected to ac mains is running at full Q.90 In relation to the synchronous
load and unity power factor. If its shaft machines, which one of the following
load is reduced by half, with field statements is false?
current held constant, its new power [GATE 2005]
factor will be : (A) In salient pole machines, the direct-
[GATE 2007] axis synchronous reactance is greater
(A) unity than the quadrature-axis synchronous
(B) leading reactance
(C) lagging (B) The damper bars help the
(D) dependent on machine parameters synchronous motor self start
(C) Short circuit ratio is the ratio of the
Q.87 Consider the following statement with field current required to produce the
regard to synchronous machines rated voltage on open circuit to the rated
1. When a synchronous motor is over- armature current
excited, its back emf is greater than the (D) The V-curve of a synchronous
supply voltage. motor represents the variation in the
2. When a synchronous motor is over- armature current with field excitation, at
excited, its power factor is leading a given output power.
14 | Electrical Machine
Q.91 A 3   , salient pole synchronous motor (B) X d'  4.615, X q  2.5
is connected to an infinite bus. It is (C) X d  3, X q  2.5
operated at no load at normal excitation.
The field excitation of the motor is first (D) X d  4.61, X q  3.86
reduced to zero and then increased in the Q.95 The results of a “slip Test” for
reverse direction gradually. Then the determining direct-axis ( X d ) and
armature current quadrature axis (X q ) reactances of a
[GATE 2011]
(A) Increases continuously star-connected, salient-pole alternator
(B) First increases and then decreases are given below :
steeply Vmax  108V,Vmin  96V, I max  12 A, I min  10A
(C) First decreases and then increases Hence the two reactance will be:
steeply
(D) Remains constant (A) X d  10.8 and X q  8
(B) X d  9 and X q  9.6
Q.92 A three-phase, 50 Hz salient-pole
synchronous motor has a per-phase (C) X d  9.6 and X q  9
direct-axis reactance ( X d ) of 0.8 pu and (D) X d  8 and X q  10.8
per-phase quadrature axis reactance
( X q ) of 0.6 pu. Resistance of the Q.96 A 3-phase synchronous motor connected
machine is negligible. It is drawing full to an infinite bus is operating at half
current at 0.8 pf (leading). When the full-load with normal excitation. When
terminal voltage is 1 pu, per-phase the load on the synchronous motor is
induced voltage, in pu, is ______. suddenly increased
[GATE 2016] (A) its speed will first decrease and then
become synchronous
Q.93 The direct axis and quadrature axis (B) its speed will first increase and then
reactance of a salient pole alternator are become synchronous
1.2 pu and 1 pu respectively. The (C) its speed will fluctuate around
armature resistances is negligible. If this synchronous speed and then become
alternator is delivering rated kVA at upf synchronous
and at rated voltage then its power angle (D) its speed will remain unchanged
is :
[GATE 2011] Q.97 A 3   synchronous generator is
(A) 30 0
(B) 450 delivering a power of 0.9 pu to an
infinite bus at rated voltage and at 0.8 pf
(C) 600 (D) 900
lagging. The generator has X d  1 pu
Q.94 In the measurement of X d and X q , and X q  0.6 pu. Determine the load
following data are obtained by the slip angle and Repeated and the excitation
test on a salient pole machine voltage. In case loss of excitation takes
I d max=10 A I d min=6.5 A place, will the generator remain in
synchronism?
Vd max=30 V Vd min=25 V
Which one of the following is correct ? Q.98 Two generating units rated 300 MW and
(A) X d  3, X q  3.86 400 MW have governor speed
 Synchronous Machines | 15
regulation of 6% and 4% respectively machines A and B , are operating as
from no load to full load. Both the synchronous condensers. They together
generating units are operating in parallel supply 50 MVAR to 11 kV grid. Current
to share a load of 600 MW. Assuming supplied by both the machines are equal.
free governor action, the load shared by Synchronous reactances of machines A
the larger unit is (in MW) ______. and machine B are 1 and 3 ,
[GATE 2017] respectively. Assuming the magnetic
circuit to be linear, the ratio of
Q.99 There are two generators in a power excitation current of machine A to that
system. No load frequencies of the of machine B is ___. (Give the answer
generators are 51.5 Hz and 51 Hz, upto two decimal places.)
respectively, and both are having droop [GATE 2017]
constant of 1 Hz/MW. Total load in the
system is 2.5 MW. Assuming that the Q.102 Consider a power system with three
generators are operating under their identical generators. The transmission
respective droop characteristics, the losses are negligible. One generator G1
frequency of the power system in Hz in has a speed governor which maintains
the steady state is ______. its speed constant at the rated value,
[GATE 2014] while the other generators (G2 and G3 )
Q.100 Three generators are feeding a load of have governors with a droop of 5%. If
100 MW rating. The details of the the load of the system is increased, then
generators are : in steady state
In the event of increased load power [GATE 2002]
demand, which of the following will (A) Generation of G2 and G3 is
happen? increased equally while generation of
[GATE 2009] G1 is unchanged
Rating (MW Efficien Regulat (B) Generation of G1 alone is increased
) cy (%) ion (pu)
on 100 while generation of G2 and G3 is
MVA unchanged
base (C) Generation of G1 , G2 and G3 is
Generator-1 100 20 0.02 increased equally
Generator-2 100 30 0.04 (D) Generation of G1 , G2 and G3 is
Generator-3 100 40 0.03 increased in ratio 0.5:0.25:0.25
(A) All the generators will share equal
power Q.103 A power system has two synchronous
(B) Generator-3 will share more power generators. The generator governor
compared to Generator-1 turbine characteristics, P1  50(50  f ),
(C) Generator-1 will share more power
compared to Generator-2 P2  100(51  f ) where f denotes the
(D) Generator-2 will share more power system frequency in Hz, and P1 and P2
compared to Generator-3 are respectively, the power outputs in
MW of turbines 1 and 2. Assuming the
Q.101 Two parallel connected, three phase. 50 generators and transmission network to
Hz, 11 kV, star-connected synchronous
16 | Electrical Machine
be lossless, the system frequency for characteristics of their governors are 3%
total load of 400 MW is: and 4% respectively from no load to full
[GATE 2001] load. Assuming that the generator are
(A) 47.5 Hz (B) 48.0 Hz operating at 50 Hz at no load, how
(C) 48.5 Hz (D) 49 Hz would a load of 1000 MW be shared
between them? What will be the system
Q.104 An isolated 50 Hz synchronous frequency at this load? Assume linear
generator is rated at 15 MW which is governor operation.
also the maximum continuous power
limit of its prime mover. It is equipped Q.108 In a synchronous machine, hunting is
with a speed governor with 5% droop. predominantly damped by
Initially, the generator is feeding three (A) mechanical losses in the rotor
loads of 4 MW each at 50 Hz. One of (B) iron losses in the stator
these loads is programmed to trip (C) copper losses in the stator
permanently if the frequency falls below (D) copper losses in the rotor
48 Hz. If an additional load of 3.5 MW
is connected then the frequency will Q.109 During hunting of synchronous motor
settle down to (A) negative phase sequence currents
[GATE 2007] are generated
(A) 49.417 Hz (B) 49.917 Hz (B) harmonics are develops in the
(C) 50.083 Hz (D) 50.583 Hz armature circuit
(C) damper bar develops torques
Q.105 Two 550 kVA alternators operate in (D) field excitation increases
parallel to supply the following loads
1. 250 kW at 0.95 power factor lag Q.110 Damper winding is provided in a
2. 100 kW at 0.8 power factor lead polyphase synchronous motor in order
One machine is supplying 200 kW at 0.9 to
power factor lag. The power factor of (A) dampen out the noise of the machine
the other machine must be: (B) prevent hunting
[GATE 1993] (C) provide stating torque
Q.106 Two 3-phase, Y-connected alternators (D) provide a cylindrical structure to
are to be paralleled to a set of common reduce wind friction
busbars. The armature has a per phase
synchronous reactance of 1.7 and Q.111 A generator with the frequency-power
negligible armature resistance. The line characteristics shown in figure (a) is
voltage of the first machine is adjusted supplying a load. Now a second load is
to 3300 V and that of the second to be connected in parallel with the first
machine is adjusted to 3200 V. The one as shown in figure (b). Load 1
,machine voltages are in phase at the consumes a real power of 1000 kW at
instant they paralleled. Under this 0.8 pf lagging while load 2 consumes a
condition, the synchronizing current per real power of 800 kW at 0.707 pf
phase will be: lagging. The operating frequency of the
[GATE 2004] system before and after the second load
(A) 16.98 A (B) 29.41 A is connected are respectively :
(C) 33.96 A (D) 58.82 A
Q.107 Two generators rated 400 MW and 600
MW are operating in parallel. The droop
 Synchronous Machines | 17
Frequency (Hz)
Q.113 Three alternators operating in parallel at
61 Hz a bus frequency of 50 Hz, share a load
Slope = 1 MW/Hz of 140 MW as follows :
60 Hz Alternator 1 : 40 MW Alternator 2 : 40 MW
Alternator 3 : 60 MW
Each alternator is rated at 100 MW.
Their governor settings are so adjusted
as to give the following fall in frequency
0 PfL Power (kW) from no load to rated load :
Alternator 1 : 1.25 Hz Alternator 2 : 1.50 Hz
Figure (a)
Alternator 3 : 2 Hz
How will be the three alternators share a
Load 1 total load of 250 MW? Also calculate
Generator the system frequency at this load.
(A) 84.75 MW,77.29 MW,87.96 MW,49.44
Hz
Load 2 (B) 82.75 MW,78.29 MW,88.96 MW,49.44
Hz
(C) 84.75 MW,77.29 MW,87.96 MW,49.88
Figure (b)
Hz
(D) 82.75 MW,78.29 MW,88.96 MW,49.88
(A) 60 Hz, 61 Hz (B) 61Hz, 60 Hz Hz
(C) 60 Hz, 60 Hz (D) 60 Hz, 59.2 Hz
Q.114 A generating station comprises four 125
Q.112 Figure shows frequency load MVA, 22 kV, 0.84 pf lagging
characteristics of two generators synchronous generators with a
supplying in parallel a load of 2.8 MW frequency drop of 5 Hz from no load to
at 0.8 pf lagging. full load. At a frequency of 50 Hz, three
generator supply a steady load of 75
f ( Hz ) MW each while the balance is shared by
51.8 the fourth generator (called swing
Hz 51 Hz
Slope=1 Slope=1 generator).
MW MW
f (i) For a total load of 260 MW at 50 Hz,
G1 G2 find the no load frequency setting of the
generators.
MW MW
P1 P2 (ii) With no change in governor setting
(i) At what frequency is the system as in first part, find the system
operating and what is the load supplied frequency if the system load rises to 310
by each generator? MW.
(ii) If the load is now increased by 1 MW, (iii) Find the no load frequency of the
what will be the frequency and the load swing generator for the system
sharing? frequency to be restored to 50 Hz for the
(iii)When the load was increased by 1 MW, load of 310 MW.
what should be the set point of G2 , for (iv) If the swing generator trips off,
the system frequency to be 50 Hz? What what will be the system frequency for
would be the load sharing now? total load of 310 MW?
18 | Electrical Machine
Q.115 Two similar alternators operating in
parallel have the following data :
Alternator 1 : Capacity 700 kW,
frequency drops from 50 Hz at no load
to 48.5 Hz at full load.
Alternator 2 : Capacity 700 kW,
frequency drops from 50.5 Hz at no load
to 48 Hz at full load.
Speed regulation of prime movers is
linear in each case.
(i) Calculate how a total load of 1200
kW is shared by each alternator.
Also find the operating system
frequency at this load.
(ii) Compute the maximum load that
these two units can deliver without
overloading either of them. Also
find the operating frequency at this
load.
 Synchronous Machines | 19

Answer Key : Synchronous Machines

1 C 2 D 3 A 4 B 5 A

6 B 7 B 8 C 9 A 10 A

11 0.086 12 0.744% 13 C 14 C 15 A

16 A 17 D 18 0.844 19 C 20 B

21 988 22 0.894 23 0.8144 24 1.675 25 A

26 B 27 B 28 D 29 D 30 B

31 B 32 B 33 B 34 0.855 35 B

36 C 37 B 38 3420.8V 39 3.41 40 D
1. 704.9
2V
41 D 42 B 43 44 13.56 45 C
2. 85.5
%
-15 to
46 47 A 48 A 49 B 50 C
-14
51 A 52 A 53 15.06 54 D 55 A
265.9A 0.75 to
56 C 57 58 D 59 60 33.47
0.43 lag 0.85
8.03 kA, 0.899
61 0.109 62 2.731 63 A 64 A 65
lag
66 D 67 C 68 A 69 B 70 C
835 1. 242.9V
35 kw, 26.3
71 T0 72 47.26 73 74 A 75 2. 35.38kw,0.984 lag
kVAR
842
41.8A,
39A; 0.387
76 0.767 77 C 78 79 C 80 D
lead
lead
81 A 82 B 83 B 84 4.53 85 B

86 B 87 D 88 B 89 B 90 C

91 B 92 1.606 93 B 94 B 95 A
  21.024 ;
96 C 97 E f = 1.886pu; 98 395 to 405 99 50 100 C
Generator
20 | Electrical Machine
will lose
synchronism

0.7 to
101 102 B 103 B 104 C 105 A
0.79
106 A 107 48.295 108 D 109 C 110 B, C

111 D 112 * 113 A

114. (i) f nl1  f nl 2  f nl 3  53.57 Hz, f nl 4  51.67 Hz
(ii) 49.4 Hz
(iii) 54.04 Hz
(iv) 48.65 Hz
115. (i) P1  662.5kW, P2  537.5kW, f  48.58Hz
(ii) 1260 kW, 48.5 Hz
CHAPTER 05 THREE PHASE INDUCTION MACHINE

Q.1 A three phase slip ring induction motor (A) 50 Hz (B) 75 Hz

is fed from the rotor side with stator
winding short circuited. The frequency (C) 100 Hz (D) 25 Hz
of the currents flowing in the short
circuited stator is Q.5 A 3-phase, 4 pole squirrel cage
[GATE 1993] induction motor has 36 stator and 28
rotor slots. The number of phases in the
(A) slip frequency rotor is:
(B) supply frequency
[GATE 2000]
(C) frequency corresponding to rotor
speed (A) 3 (B) 9
(D) zero
(C) 7 (D) 8
Q.2 A 3-phase, 4 pole, 400 V, 50 Hz,
Q.6 The direction of rotation of a 3 phase
squirrel-cage induction motor is
induction motor is clockwise when it is
operating at a slip of 0.02. The speed of
supplied with 3 phase sinusoidal voltage
the motor flux in mechanical rad/sec
having phase sequence A-B-C . For
sensed by stationary observer, is closest
counterclockwise rotation of the motor,
to [GATE 2017]
the phase sequence of the power supply
should be [GATE 2004]

(A) 1500 (B) 1470 (A) B-C-A

(C) 157 (D) 154 (B) C-A-B

Q.3 An 8-pole, 3-phase, 50 Hz induction (C) A-C-B

motor is operating at a speed of 700
(D) B-C-A or C-A-B
rpm. The frequency of the rotor current
of the motor in Hz is ____. Q.7 A 4-pole induction motor, supplied by a
[GATE 2014] slightly unbalanced three-phase 50 Hz
source, is rotating at 1440 rpm. The
Q.4 The stator of a 4 pole 3-  induction
electrical frequency in Hz of the induced
machine is supplied from 3-  , 50 Hz negative sequence current in the rotor is
supply and a prime mover drives its [GATE 2013]
rotor at a speed of 750 rpm. The slip
rings of the machine are open circuited. (A) 100 (B) 98
The frequency of the voltage across any
two slip rings is (C) 52 (D) 48
[GATE 1994]
2 | Electrical Machine
Q.8 The rotor of a three phase, 5 kW, 400 V, (C) Rotor copper loss per phase
50 Hz, slip ring induction motor is
wound or 6 poles while its stator is (D) Rotor efficiency
wound for 4 poles. The approximate
(E) Rotor resistance per phase, if rotor
average no load steady state speed when
current is 60 A in running
this motor is connected to 400 V, 50 Hz
condition.
supply is :
Q.12 A 400 V, 50 Hz, 30 hp, three-phase
(A) 1500 rpm (B) 500 rpm
induction motor is drawing 50 A current
(C) 0 rpm (D) 1000 rpm at 0.8 power factor lagging. The stator
and rotor copper losses are 1.5 kW and
Q.9 A three-phase 440 V, 6-pole, 50 Hz, 900 W respectively. The friction and
squirrel cage induction motor is running windage losses are 1050 W and the core
at a slip of 5%. The speed of stator losses are 1200 W. The air-gap power of
magnetic field with respect to rotor the motor will be
magnetic field and speed of rotor with [GATE 2008]
respect to stator magnetic field are
[GATE 2011] (A) 23.06 kW (B) 24.11 kW

(A) Zero, - 50 rpm (C) 25.01 kW (D) 26.21 kW

(B) Zero, 950 rpm Q.13 The slip of an induction motor normally
does not depend on [GATE 2012]
(C) 1000 rpm, - 50 rpm
(A) rotor speed
(D) 1000 rpm, 950 rpm
(B) synchronous speed
Q.10 An induction motor runs stably under
constant torque load at 1250 rpm off a (C) shaft torque
50 Hz supply. Its number of poles is
(D) core-loss component
_____. [GATE 1995]
Q.14 The power input to a 415 V, 50 Hz, 6
Q.11 A 3-phase, 4 pole, 50 Hz star connected
pole, 3 phase induction motor running at
induction motor running on full load
975 rpm is 40 kW. The stator losses are
develops a useful torque of 300 Nm.
1 kW and friction and windage losses
The rotor emf is completing 120 cycles
total 2 kW. The efficiency of the motor
per minute. If torque lost is friction is 50
is
Nm. Calculate:
[GATE 2000]
(A) Slip
(A) 92.5% (B) 90%
(B) Net output power
(C) 90% (D) 88%
 3 - Phase Induction Machine | 3
Common Data For Questions 15 & 16 Q.16 Neglecting all losses of both the
machines, the dc generator power output
A 3-phase 440 V, 50 Hz, 4 pole, slip
and the current through resistance  R ex 
ring induction motor is fed from the
rotor side through an auto-transformer will respectively be :
and the stator is connected to a variable
(A) 96 W, 3.10 A
resistance as shown in the figure.
(B) 120 W, 3.46 A

(C) 1504 W, 12.26 A

(D) 1880 W, 13.71 A

Induction Motor
Q.17 A 400 V, 15 kW, 4 pole, 50 Hz, Y-
3-phase
50 Hz. connected induction motor has full load
Supply
slip of 4%. The output torque of the
Auto Transformer  220V 
machine at full load is :
The motor is coupled to a 220 V,
(A) 1.66 Nm (B) 95.50 Nm
separately excited dc generator feeding
power to fixed resistance of 10 . Two (C) 99.47 Nm (D) 624.73 Nm
wattmeter method is used to measure the
input power to induction motor. The Q.18 For an induction motor, operation at a
variable resistance is adjusted such that slip s, the ratio of gross power output to
the motor runs at 1410 rpm and the air gap power is equal to
following reading were recorded [GATE 2005]

W1  1800 W, W2  200 W (A) 1  s 

2
(B) 1  s 

 
Q.15 The speed of rotation of stator magnetic
field with respect to rotor structure will
(C) 1  s  (D) 1  s
be :
Q.19 JA three-phase star connected induction
(A) 90 rpm in the direction of rotation motor has rotor resistance and standstill
reactance of 0.05Ω and 0.1 per phase
(B) 90 rpm in the opposite direction of respectively. Stator winding resistance is
rotation negligible. When the rotor is at standstill
the induced emf between the slip-ring
(C) 1500 rpm in the direction of rotation
terminals is 100V. The value of rotor
(D) 1500 rpm in the opposite direction current and the phase angle between
of rotation. rotor voltage and rotor current at 4% slip
are :
4 | Electrical Machine
(A) 79.9 A, 88.850 Q.22 A 20 kW, 400V, 3-phase, 50 Hz, Y-
connected, 4 pole squirrel cage
(B) 63.2 A, 600 induction motor has the following
parameter in ohms referred to stator :
(C) 55.1 A, 39.20
R1 = 0.2, X1 = X 2 = 0.45, X m = 18.
(D) 46 A, 4.570 When this motor is energized at rated
voltage and frequency it develops full
Q.20 When running on full load at 400 V, a 3- load internal torque at a slip of 0.04.
phase delta connected induction motor Rotational and core losses are neglected.
takes an input current of 60 A at 0.85 Calculate
p.f. When running light at 400 V, the
motor input current and power are 16 A (A) Maximum internal torque and
and 220 W respectively. Its friction and internal starting torque at rated
windage losses are 800 W. If stator voltage and frequency and
resistance per phase is 0.6Ω, calculate
the shaft power and its efficiency at a (B) Slip at maximum torque.
full load slip of 0.04.
Q.23 A three-phase squirrel cage induction
(A) 30.65 kW, 86.75% motor has a starting torque of 150% and
a maximum torque of 300% with respect
(B) 30.65 kW, 84.48% to rated torque at rated voltage and rated
frequency. Neglect the stator resistance
(C) 29.85 kW, 84.48% and rotational losses. The value of slip
for maximum torque is :
(D) 29.85 kW, 86.75%
[GATE 2007]
Q.21 A three-phase, wound rotor induction
(A) 13.48% (B) 16.24%
motor is to be operated with slip energy
recovery in the constant torque mode, (C) 18.92% (D) 26.79%
when it delivers an output P0 at slip „s‟.
Then theoretically, the maximum power Q.24 A squirrel cage induction motor having
that is available for recovery at the rotor a rated slip of 4% of full load has a
terminals, is equal to starting torque same as the full load
torque. The starting current is :
[GATE 2000] [GATE 1996]

(A) P0 (B) P0 .s Q.25 A 6-pole, 3-phase induction motor

develops the maximum torque at 1000
P0 P0 .s rpm when operated from a 60 Hz
(C) (D)
1  s  1  s  supply. Rotor resistance per phase is
1.2Ω. Neglecting stator impedance, the
speed at which it will develop maximum
 3 - Phase Induction Machine | 5
torque when operated from 50 Hz magnetizing inductance, is 210V rms,
supply is and the slip, s is 0.05. The torque (in
Nm) produced by the motor is_____.
Q.26 A balanced tree-phase voltage is applied [GATE2015]
to a star-connected induction motor, the
phase to neutral voltage being V. The j 0.22  j0.22
stator resistance, rotor resistance
0.04
referred to the stator, stator leakage 0.05
Vs j 6.28 Vg 
reactance, rotor leakage reactance s
referred to the stator, and the
magnetizing reactance are denoted by
Q.29 A 3 phase, 50 Hz, 6 pole induction
rs ,rr ,x s ,x r , and X m , respectively. The
motor has a rotor resistance of 0.1Ω and
magnitude of the starting current of the reactance of 0.92Ω. Neglect the voltage
motor is given by [GATE 2010] drop in stator and assume that the rotor
resistance is constant. Given that the full
V
(A) load slip is 3%, the ratio of maximum
 rs + rr  +  x s + x r 
2 2
torque to full load torque is
[GATE 2014]
V
(B)
rs2 +  x s + X m  (A) 1.567 (B) 1.712
2

(C) 1.948 (D) 2.134

V
(C)
 rs + rr  +  X m + x r 
2 2
Q.30 A star connected 12.5 kW, 208V(line), 3
phase, 60 Hz squirrel cage induction
V motor has following equivalent circuit
(D) parameter per phase referred to the
rs2 +  X m + x r 
2

stator R1 = 0.3, R 2 = 0.3,

Q.27 When the supply voltage to an induction X1 = 0.41, X 2 = 0.41. Neglect shunt
motor is reduced by 10%, the maximum branch in the equivalent circuit. The
torque will decrease by approximately starting current (in ampere) for this
[GATE 1996] motor when connected to an 80V (line),
20 Hz, 3-phase AC source is____.
(A) 5% (B) 10% [GATE 2017]

(C) 20% (D) 40% Q.31 A 220V, 3-phase, 4-pole, 50 Hz

induction motor of wound rotor type is
Q.28 the figure shows the per-phase
supplied at rated voltage and frequency.
equivalent circuit of a two pole three
The stator resistance, magnetizing
phase induction motor operation at 50
reactance, and core loss are negligible.
Hz. The “air-gap” voltage, Vs across the The maximum torque produced by the
6 | Electrical Machine
rotor is 225% of full load torque and it (A) less than 0.4
occurs at 15% slip. The actual rotor
resistance is 0.03Ω/phase. The value of (B) greater than 0.6
external resistance (in Ohm) which must
(C) in the range of 0.8±0.1
be inserted in a rotor phase if the
maximum torque is to occur at start is (D) none of the above
_____. [GATE 2015]
Q.35 In an induction motor, if the air gap is
Q.32 For a 3-phase induction motor increased [GATE 1996]
maximum torque is twice the full load
torque and stating torque is 1.6 times the (A) speed will reduce
full load torque. Neglect stator
impedance. Tn order to get a full load (B) efficiency will improve
slip of 5%, the percentage reduction in
(C) power factor will be lowered
rotor circuit resistance is____%.
(D) breakdown torque will reduce
Q.33 A 230V, 3-  , 6, pole, 60 Hz squirrel
cage induction motor develops a Q.36 Leakage flux in an induction motor is
maximum internal torque of 288% at a [GATE 2013]
slip of 15% when operated at rated
voltage and frequency. If the effect of (A) Flux that leaks through the machine
stator resistance is neglected and the
motor is operated at 190V and 50 Hz, (B) Flux that links both stator and rotor
the maximum internal torque and the windings
speed at which the maximum torque is
(C) Flux that links none of the windings
developed are
(D) Flux that links the stator winding or
(A) 283%, 850 rpm
the rotor winding but not both
(B) 283%, 820 rpm
Q.37 Motor A has shallow and wide slots.
(C) 288%, 850 rpm Motor B has deeper and narrow slots. If
both are 3-phase 400V, 50 Hz, 1440 rpm
(D) 288%, 820 rpm induction motors, it can be concluded
that
Q.34 A 3phase squirrel cage induction motor
has a full load efficiency of 0.8 and a (A) Motor A has more starting torque as
maximum efficiency of 0.9. It is compared to motor A
operated at a slip of 0.6 by applying a
reduced voltage. The efficiency of the (B) Motor B has more starting torque as
motor at this operating point is compared to motor A
[GATE 1998]
 3 - Phase Induction Machine | 7
(C) Motor A has more pull out torque as Q.41 A 4 pole induction machine is working
compared to motor B as an induction generator. The generator
supply frequency is 60 Hz. The rotor
(D) Motor B has more pull out torque as current frequency is 5 Hz. The
compared to motor A mechanical speed of the rotor in RPM is
[GATE 2017]
Q.38 Which of the following statements is
true? A smaller air gap in a polyphase (A) 1350 (B) 1650
induction motor helps to
(C) 1950 (D) 2250
(A) Reduce the chances of crawling
Q.42 A six pole 50 Hz induction motor
(B) Increase the starting torque rotating at 1400 rpm is in_____ mode.
[GATE 1994]
(C) Reduce the chance of cogging
Q.43 If an induction machine runs at above
(D) Reduce the magnetizing current
synchronous speed, it acts as
Q.39 If the full load speed of a 6 phase, 50 Hz [GATE 1997]
induction motor is 950 rpm, what is its
(A) a synchronous motor
half load speed nearly equal to?
(B) an induction generator
(A) 1000 rpm (B) 450 rpm
(C) an inductor motor
(C) 1900 rpm (D) 975 rpm
(D) None of the above
Q.40 In a 3-phase induction machine,
motoring, generating and braking Q.44 The required load torque line intersects
operations take place in the range of slip the resultant torque speed characteristic
„s‟ given by of a 3 phase squirrel induction motor at
points P,Q and R as shown in the figure.
(A)Motoring : 1 > s > 0 Generating : 0
Which is/are the stable operating
> s > -1 Braking : s > 1
point(s)?
(B) Motoring : s > 1 Generating : 1 > s
Torque
> 0 Braking : 0 > s > -1 Resultant
machine torque
(C) Motoring : s > 1 Generating : 1 > s
> -1 Braking : 0 > s > 0 Required
load torque
R
(D) Motoring :0> s > -1 Generating : P Q
s > 1 Braking : 1 > s > 0
Speed

(A) P and Q (B) Q and R

8 | Electrical Machine
(C) P and R (D) Only R

Torque
Q.45 The torque-speed characteristics of B
A
motor  TM  and load  TL  for two
cases are shown in the figures (A) and
N
(B). The load torque is equal to motor N sync
0 1.0
torque at points P, Q, R and S
[GATE 2014] (A) A is stable and B is unstable

Speed (B) A is unstable and B is stable

Torque
P
TM (C) Both are stable
Q
(D) Both are unstable
TL
(a) Q.47 The electromagnetic torque Te of a
drive, and its connected load torque TL
TM
are as shown below. Out of the
TL S operating points A, B, C and D, the
Speed
stable ones are :
[GATE 2007]
R

Torque Te TL
A. T
(b)
A

The stable operating points are

Speed

(A) P and R (B) P and S Te

B. T

(C) Q and R (D) Q and S TL

Q.46 A 3 phase squirrel cage induction motor Speed

supply from a balanced 3 phase source
TL
drives mechanical load. The torque C. T
Te
C
speed characteristic of the motor (solid
curve) and of the load (dotted curve) are
shown. Of the two equilibrium points A Speed

and B, which of the following option

Te
correctly describes the stability of A and D.
T
D
B?
[GATE 2009] TL

Speed
 3 - Phase Induction Machine | 9
(A) A, C, D voltage was drawn. This curve was
extrapolated to intersect the y-axis. This
(B) B, C intersection point yields
[GATE 2003]
(C) A, D (A) Core loss
(B) Stator copper loss
(D) B, C, D (C) Stray load loss
(D) Friction & windage loss
Q.48 On the torque/speed curve of induction
motor shown in the figure four points of Q.51 The blocked rotor current in a 3-phase,
operation are marked as W, X, Y and Z. star connected 15 kW, 4 pole, 230 V, 50
Hz induction motor at rated conditions
Which one of them represents the
is 50 A. Neglecting losses and
operation at a slip greater than 1? magnetizing current, the approximate
[GATE 2005] blocked rotor line current drawn when
the motor is connected to a 236 V, 57
Troque Hz supply is
[GATE 2012]
(A) 58.5 A (B) 45.0 A
X Y (C) 42.7 A (D) 55.6 A

W Q.52 A 3 phase, 10 kW, 400 V, 4 pole, 50 Hz,

star connected induction motor draws 20
0 Z Speed
A on full load. Its no load and blocked
rotor test data are given below:
(A) W (B) X No load test: 400 V 6 A 1002 W
Blocked Rotor test: 90 V 15 A 762 W
(C) Y (D) Z Neglecting copper loss in no load test
and core loss in blocked rotor test,
Q.49 A 230 V, 20 Hp, 60 Hz, 6-pole, 3-phase estimate motor‟s full load efficiency .
[GATE 2006]
induction motor driving a constant
(A) 76% (B) 81%
torque load at rated frequency, rated (C) 82.4% (D) 85%
voltage and rated horse-power, has a
speed of 1175 rpm and an efficiency of Q.53 A 3 kW, 400 V/200 V, Delta/Star, 50
92.1%. Determine the new operating Hz, three phase, 6-pole induction motor
speed if a system disturbance causes is found to draw a line current of 25 A at
10% drop in voltage and 6% drop in a power factor of 0.4, when a blocked
rotor test is conducted at the rated
frequency. Assume that friction,
voltage. Determine the stator and rotor
windage and stray power losses remain winding resistance in ohms per phase, if
constant. the torque developed by the motor under
the above conditions is 25 Nm.
[GATE 2000] [GATE 1999]
Q.50 No load test on a 3 phase induction
motor was conducted at different supply Q.54 A 2.3 kV, 3-phase, 50 Hz SCIM has
voltage and a plot of input power versus starting current of 600 A and starting
10 | Electrical Machine
torque of 640 Nm. Find the per unit [GATE 2007]
tapping of auto-transformer to reduce Q.59 If an autotransformer is used for reduced
the starting current from mains to 150 A voltage starting to provide 1.5 per unit
and the corresponding starting torque . starting torque, the autotransformer ratio
(%) should be
Q.55 A cage induction motor when started by (A) 57.77% (B) 72.56%
means of a star delta starter takes 180% (C) 78.25% (D) 81.33%
of full load line current and develops
35% of full load torque at starting. Q.60 If a star delta starter is used to start this
Calculate the starting current and torque induction motor, the per unit starting
in terms of full load values if an torque will be
autotransformer with 75% tapping is (A) 0.607 (B) 0.816
employed (C) 1.225 (D) 1.616
(A) 3.04, 0.59 (B) 3.04, 0.79
(C) 1.96, 0.59 (D) 1.96, 0.79 Q.61 An induction motor having full load
torque of 60 Nm when delta connected
Q.56 A starting torque of 80 Nm is developed develops a starting torque of 120 Nm.
in the induction motor by an auto- For the same supply voltage, if the
transformer starter with a tapping of motor is changed to star connected, the
30%. If the tapping of auto-transformer starting torque developed will be:
starter is 60%, then what is the starting [GATE 1996]
torque? (A) 40 Nm (B) 60 Nm
(A) 40 Nm (B) 160 Nm (C) 90 Nm (D) 120 Nm
(C) 240 Nm (D) 320 Nm
Q.62 The following starting method for an
Q.57 A small 3-phase induction motor has a induction motor is inferior view of the
short-circuit current 5 times of full-load poor starting torque per ampere of the
current and full-load slip 5%. If starting line current drawn:
resistance starter is used to reduce the [GATE 1992]
impressed voltage to 60% of normal (A) Direct on line starting
voltage, the starting torque obtained in (B) Auto transformer method of starting
terms of full load torque would be (C) Series inductor method of starting
(A) 30% (B) 45% (D) Star Delta method of starting
(C) 55% (D) 80%
Q.63 A 50 KVA, 400 V, 3-phase, 50 Hz
Q.58 The starting line current of a 415 V, 3- squirrel cage induction motor has full
phase, delta connected induction motor load slip of 5%. Its standstill impedance
is 120 A, when the rated voltage is is 0.886 ohm per phase. It is started
applied to its stator winding. The using a tapped autotransformer. If the
starting line current at a reduced voltage maximum allowable supply current at
of 110 V, in ampere, is ______. the time of starting is 100 A, then
[GATE 2016] calculate the tap position and the ratio of
Common Data For Questions 59 & 60 starting torque to full load torque.
A three phase squirrel cage induction [GATE 1997]
motor has a starting current of seven
times the full load current and full load Q.64 A 3-phase SCIM is started with a star-
slip of 5%. delta starter. The ratios
 3 - Phase Induction Machine | 11
[GATE 1990] (C) A is true but R is false
X
Line current at start with star-delta starter (D) A is false but R is ture
Line current at start with direct switching in delta Q.68 The rotor slots are slightly skewed in
Starting torque with star-delta starter squirrel cage induction motor to
Y (A) Increase the strength of rotor bars
Starting torque with direct switching in delta
are respectively, (B) Reduce the magnetic hum and
locking tendency of motor
1 1 1 1
(A) , (B) , (C) Economize on the copper to be used
3 3 3 3 (D) Provide ease of fabrication
1 1 1 1
(C) , (D) ,
3 3 3 3 Q.69 The stator of a 6 pole, 3-phase induction
motor is fed from a 3 phase, 50 Hz
Q.65 A 3 phase, 4 pole, 400 V, 50 Hz, star supply which contains a pronounced
connected induction motor has fifth time harmonic. The speed of the
following circuit parameters fifth space harmonic field produced by
r1  1.0, r2 '  0.5, x1  x2 '  1.2, xm  35 the fifth time harmonic in the stator
supply will be
The starting torque when the motor is
[GATE 2000]
started direct online is (use approximate
(A) 200 rpm (B) 1500 rpm
equivalent circuit model)
(C) 1000 rpm (D) 5000 rpm
[GATE 2006]
(A) 63.6 Nm (B) 74.3 Nm
Q.70 Unbalanced supply voltage given to a 3
(C) 190.8 Nm (D) 222.9 Nm
phase, delta connected induction motor
will cause
Q.66 A three-phase cage induction motor is
[GATE 1996]
started by direct-on-line (DOL)
(A) zero sequence currents
switching at the rated voltage. If the
(B) less heating of the rotor
starting current drawn is 6 times the full
(C) negative sequence component
load current, and the full load slip is 4%,
current
then ratio of the starting developed
(D) all of these
torque to the full load torque is
approximately equal to
Q.71 A 3-phase 50 Hz square wave (6-step)
[GATE 2005]
VSI feeds a 3-phase, 4 pole induction
(A) 0.24 (B) 1.44
motor. The VSI line voltage has a
(C) 2.40 (D) 6.00
dominant 5th harmonic component. If
the operating slip of the motor with
Q.67 Assertion A : The winding factor of slot
respect to fundamental component
harmonics is equal to that of the
voltage is 0.4, the slip of the motor with
fundamental.
respect to 5th harmonic component of
Reason R : Skewing of the rotor slots of
voltage is ______.
an induction motor reduces the effects
[GATE 2015]
of slot harmonics
(A) Both A and B are individually true
Q.72 Skewing is used in induction motor in
and R is the correct explanation of A
order to reduce torque due to
(B) Both A and B are individually true
[GATE 1994]
but R is not the correct explanation
(A) time harmonics
of A
(B) space harmonics
12 | Electrical Machine
(C) slot harmonics current and rotational losses are to be
(D) reverse rotating fields neglected, if supply voltage reduces to
350 V with supply frequency
Q.73 The synchronous speed for the seventh unchanged, then for constant load
space harmonic mmf wave of a 3 phase, torque, calculate
8 pole, 50 Hz induction machine is : (A) Speed at which motor would run.
[GATE 2004] (B) The percentage increase in rotor
(A) 107.14 rpm in forward direction Ohmic losses.
(B) 107.14 rpm in reverse direction
(C) 5250 rpm in forward direction Q.78 A 3   wound rotor Induction Motor
(D) 5250 rpm in reverse direction has full load slip of 0.04, the phase rotor
emf & leakage impedance at standstill
Q.74 A wound rotor induction motor runs are 300 V & (0.8  j 0) for constant
with a slip of 0.03 when developing full load. For calculate the magnitude &
load torque. Its rotor resistance is 0.25 phase of the injected for obtaining the
ohm per phase. If an external resistance slip of 0.5
of 0.50 ohm per phase is connected
across the slip rings. What is the slip for Q.79 Under no load condition, if the applied
full load torque? voltage to an induction motor is reduced
(A) 0.03 (B) 0.06 from the rated voltage to half the rated
(C) 0.09 (D) 0.1 value :
[GATE 2005]
Q.75 The open circuit voltage across the slip (A) the speed decreases and the stator
rings of a 100 hp induction motor is 273 current increases
V at standstill. The full load slip is 2% (B) both the speed and the stator current
with no additional rotor resistance. decreases
Assume rotor to be star connected and (C) the speed and the stator current
torque being constant. The external remain practically constant
resistance in rotor circuit that will (D) there is negligible change in the
reduce its full load speed by 25% is speed but the stator current decreases
____ ohm.
Q.80 A 7.5 kW, 3-phase, 4 pole, 50 Hz, 415
Q.76 A 3   , 50 Hz, 10 Pole Induction Motor V induction motor is delivering rated
has star connected rotor and resistance torque at 5% slip during a pump load.
measured across any two slip rings The motor delivers maximum torque at
0.06 . Its full load slip is 0.025. 10% slip. The pump load is such that the
Calculate the resistance to be inserted in demanded torque is proportional to the
the rotor circuit to reduce the full load square of speed. A power electronic
speed to 480 rpm, the torque required by controller controls the rms supply
load is (A) Constant (B) Proportional to voltage (below the rated value) to effect
square of speed. a limited speed control. Assume the
torque speed characteristics of the motor
Q.77 A 3   , 400 V, 50 Hz, SCIM when in the stable region to be liner. Calculate
working at rated voltage & frequency the rms voltage at which the motor runs
can develop full load torque at speed of at 1350 rpm.
970 rpm & pf 0.86. The magnetizing [GATE 1994]
 3 - Phase Induction Machine | 13

Q.81 A 3-phase induction motor is driving a (A) V

constant torque load of 1 pu at 5% slip.
It has a maximum torque of 2 pu at 10%
slip. Torque speed variation in stable
f
zone is assumed to be linear. For the 50
stable operation of motor, the minimum
pu supply voltage is approximately
(B) V
(A) 0.25 (B) 0.50
(C) 0.707 (D) 0.80

Q.82 In a constant V/f induction motor drive, f

the slip at the maximum torque 50

[GATE 2016]
(A) is directly proportional to the
(C ) V
synchronous speed.
(B) remains constant with respect to the
synchronous speed.
(C) has an inverse relation with the f
50
synchronous speed.
(D) has no relation with the synchronous
speed. (D ) V

Q.83 If a 400 V, 50 Hz, star connected, 3

phase squirrel cage induction motor is
operated from a 400 V, 75 Hz supply, 50
f
the torque that the motor can now
provide while drawing rated current
from the supply?
[GATE 2002] Q.85 A 400 V, 50 Hz, 4 pole, 1400 rpm, star
(A) reduces connected squirred cage induction motor
(B) increases has the following parameters referred to
(C) remains the same the stator :
(D) increase or reduces depending upon
Rr '  1.0, X s  X r '  1.5
the rotor resistance
Neglect stator resistance and core and
Q.84 The speed of a 3-phase, 440 V, 50 Hz rotational losses of the motor. The motor
induction motor is to be controlled over is controlled from a 3 phase voltage
a wide range from zero speed to 1.5 source inverter with constant V/f
times the rated speed using a 3-phase control. The stator line-to-line voltage
voltage source inverter. It is desired to (rms) and frequency to obtain the
keep the flux in the machine constant in maximum torque at starting will be :
the constant torque region by controlling [GATE 2008]
(A) 20.6 V, 2.7 Hz (B) 133.3 V, 16.7 Hz
the terminal voltage as the frequency
(C) 266.6 V, 33.3 Hz (D) 323.3 V, 40.3 Hz
changes. The inverter output voltage vs
frequency characteristic should be
[GATE 2006]
14 | Electrical Machine
Q.86 An inverter capable of supplying a leakage reactance and core loss are
balanced three-phase variable voltage ignored.
variable frequency output is feedings a [GATE 2003]
three-phase induction motor rated for 50 P. The difference between synchronous
Hz and 440 V. The stator winding speed and actual speed remains same
resistance of the motor is negligibly Q. The airgap flux remains same
small during starting. The current inrush R. The stator current remains same
can be avoided without sacrificing the S. The p.u. slip remains same
starting torque by suitably applying Among the above, correct statements are
[GATE 1995] (A) All (B) P,Q & R
(A) low voltage at rated frequency. (C) Q,R & S (D) P & S
(B) low voltage keeping the V / f ratio
constant. Q.90 The speed of a 4-pole induction motor is
(C) rated voltage at low frequency. controlled by varying the supply
(D) rated voltage at rated frequency. frequency while maintaining the ratio of
supply voltage to supply frequency
Q.87 A 3-phase, 20 kW, 400 V, 1470 rpm, 50 (V / f ) constant. At rated frequency of
Hz squirrel cage induction motor 50 Hz and rated voltage of 400 V its
develops a torque of 100 Nm at a speed speed is 1440 rpm. Find the speed at 30
of 1400 rpm. If the motor is connected Hz, if the load torque is constant.
to a 30 Hz supply, for keeping the same [GATE 2006]
air-gap flux, then supply voltage should (A) 882 rpm (B) 864 rpm
be ____ V and for the same load torque, (C) 840 rpm (D) 828 rpm
the new speed will be ____ rpm.
[GATE 1997] Q.91 In a constant V/f control of induction
motor, the ratio V/f is maintained
Q.88 An ac induction motor is used for a constant from 0 to base frequency,
speed control application. It is driven where V is the voltage applied to the
from an inverter with a constant V/f motor at fundamental frequency f.
control. The motor name plate details Which of the following statements
are as follows relating to low frequency operation of
V:415 V Ph:3 f:50 Hz N:2850 rpm the motor is TRUE?
The motor is run with the inverter output [GATE 2014]
frequency set at 40 Hz, and with half the (A) At low frequency, the stator flux
rated slip. The running speed of the increases from its rated value.
motor is : (B) At low frequency, the stator flux
[GATE 2003] decreases from its rated value.
(A) 2400 rpm (B) 2280 rpm (C) At low frequency, the motor
(C) 2340 rpm (D) 2790 rpm saturates
(D) At low frequency, the stator flux
Q.89 A 3 phase induction motor is driving a remains unchanged at its rated value.
constant torque load at rated voltage and
frequency. If both voltage and frequency Q.92 Assertion : Under V/f control of
are halved, following statements relate induction motor, the maximum value of
to the new condition if stator resistance, the developed torque remains constant
over a wide range of speed in the sub-
synchronous region.
 3 - Phase Induction Machine | 15
Reason : The magnetic flux is
maintained almost constant at the rated
value by keeping the ratio V/f constant
over the consider speed range.
[GATE 2005]
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is
the correct reason for (A)
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is
not the correct reason for (A)
(C) Both (A) and (R) are false
(D) (A) is true but (R) is false

Q.93 An induction motor runs at a slip

frequency of 2 Hz when supplied from a
3   , 400 V, 50 Hz supply. For the
same developed torque, find the slip
frequency at which it will run when
supplied from a 3   , 340 V, 40 Hz
system. Slip at which the machine
develops maximum torque using 50 Hz
supply is 0.1. Neglect the stator
impedance and assume linear torque slip
characteristics between zero torque and
maximum torque in the working region.
[GATE 1992]
16 | Electrical Machine

Answer Key : 3 - Phase Induction Machine

1 A 2 C 3 3.33 4 B, D 5 C

6 C 7 B 8 C 9 A 10 4
i) 4%
ii) 45.24
kW
iii) 0.733
11 12 C 13 D 14 B 15 D
kW
iv) 96%
v)
0.2036
16 C 17 C 18 B 19 D 20 C
440.63
Nm,
21 D 22 23 D 24 D 25 C
265.6 Nm,
0.304
26 A 27 C 28 401.68 29 C 30 70.05

31 0.17 32 62.68 33 B 34 A 35 C,D

36 D 37 A,C 38 D 39 D 40 A

41 C 42 Generator 43 B 44 C 45 B

46 A 47 A 48 A 49 1100 rpm 50 D
0.3475 0.5, 160
51 B 52 B 53 54 55 A
6.89 Nm
56 D 57 B 58 31-33 59 C 60 B
61.2%,
61 A 62 C 63 64 C 65 A
25.6%
66 B 67 B 68 B 69 A 70 C

71 1.2 72 C 73 A 74 C 75 .24
960.2 138V,
2.1, 0.3264
76 77 RPM, 78 Phase 79 D 80 278
Ohm
29.39% apposition
81 C 82 C 83 A 84 D 85 B
240V, 800
86 B 87 88 C 89 B 90 C
rpm
 3 - Phase Induction Machine | 17

91 B 92 A 93 1.77
 CHAPTER 6 SINGLE PHASE INDUCTION MACHINE

axis of the main stator winding  M1M2 

Q.1 A single phase, 230V, 50 Hz, 4 pole,
capacitor start induction motor has the and AA' is that of the auxiliary winding
following stand still impedances  A1A2  . Directions of the winding axes
indicate direction of flux when currents in
Main winding Zm = 6.0 + j4.0  the windings are in the directions shown.
Auxiliary winding Za = 8.0 + j6.0  Parameters of each winding are indicated.
When switch S is closed, the motor
The value of the starting capacitor required [GATE 2009]
to produce 90o phase difference between the
currents in the main and auxiliary windings
M1
will be : [GATE 2004]
rm = 0.1
ra = 1 L m = 0.1 H
(A) 176.84 µF (B) 187.24 µF L a = 10 H
M2
M
(C) 265.26 µF (D) 280.86 µF S A1 A2
220 V
A A'
Q.2 In a single phase induction motor driving a 50 Hz
Rotor
fan load, the reason for having a high
resistance rotor is to achieve M'
[GATE 2005]

(A) Low starting torque (A) rotates clockwise

(B) Quick acceleration (B) rotates anticlockwise

(C) High efficiency (C) does not rotate

(D) Reduced size (D) rotates momentarily and comes to a halt

Q.3 A 230V, 50 Hz, 4 pole, single-phase Q.5 A 375 W, 230 V, 50 Hz, capacitor start
induction motor is rotating in the clockwise single-phase induction motor has the
(forward) direction at a speed of 1425 rpm. following constants for the main and
If the rotor resistance at standstill is 7.8Ω, auxiliary windings (at starting) :
then the effective rotor resistance in the
backward branch of the equivalent circuit Zm = 12.50 + j15.75  (main windings),
will be : [GATE 2008]
Za =  24.50 + j12.75 
(A) 2Ω (B) 4Ω (auxiliary winding)

(C) 78Ω (D) 156Ω Neglecting the magnetizing branch, the

value of the capacitance (in µF) to be added
Q.4 A 220 V, 50 Hz, single phase induction in series with the auxiliary winding to
motor has the following connection diagram obtain maximum torque at starting is ____.
and winding orientation shown. MM' is the [GATE 2017]
2 | Electrical Machine
Q.6 The equivalent circuit of a single phase (B) A capacitor in series with the machine.
induction motor is shown in the figure,
where the parameters are (C) A capacitor in series with the auxiliary
winding
R1 = R '2 = X n = X12
'
= 12, X m = 240
(D) The main and the auxiliary windings in
and s is the slip. At no-load, the motor speed series.
can be approximated to be the synchronous
speed. The no-load lagging power factor of Q.9 An 8 pole single phase induction motor is
the motor is_____(up to 3 decimal places). running at 690 rpm. What is its slip with
respect to forward and backward fields,
R1 jXl1 respectively ?

R2
' (A) 0.08, 2.0 (B) 0.08, 1.92
X 2s
j M
2 X' (C) 1.92, 0.08 (D) 2.0, 0.08
j l2
2
V 00 Q.10 A single phase induction motor is running at
R
'
2
N rpm. Its synchronous speed is NS. If its
XM 2 2  s slip with respect to forward field is s, what
j ' is the slip with respect to the backward
2 Xl 2
j
2 field?

(A) s (B) - s
Q.7 A single phase induction motor with only
(C) 1 - s (D) 2 – s
the main winding excited would exhibit the
following response at synchronous speed : Q.11 In case of a split phase motor, the phase
[GATE 2003] shift between currents in the two windings
is around
(A) Rotor Current is zero
[GATE 1996]
(B) Rotor current is non zero and is at slip
(A) 30o (B) 70o
frequency
(C) 90o (D) 120o
(C) Forward and backward rotating fields
are equal
Q.12 Capacitor in a single phase induction motor
is used for
(D) Forward rotating field is more than the
backward rotating field (A) improving the power factor
Q.8 Starting torque can be obtained in the case (B) improving the staring torque
of a single phase induction motor with
identical main and auxiliary windings by (C) starting the motor
connecting [GATE 1999]
(D) reducing the harmonics
(A) A capacitor across the mains.
 Single Phase Induction Machine | 3
Q.13 For a single phase capacitor start induction
motor which of the following statements is The stator winding resistance is 2.5 ohms
valid? [GATE 2006] and during the blocked rotor test, the
starting winding is open. Determine the
(A) the capacitor is used for power factor equivalent circuit parameters. Also, find the
 improvement core, friction and winding losses.

(B) the direction of rotation can be changed

by reversing the main winding
terminals

(C) the direction of rotation cannot be

changed

(D) the direction of rotation can be changed

by interchanging the supply
terminals

Q.14 The direction of rotation of a single-phase

capacitor run induction motor is reversed by
[GATE 2016]

(A) Interchanging the terminals of the AC

supply.

(B) Interchanging the terminals of the

capacitor.

(C) Interchanging the terminals of the

auxiliary winding.

(D) Interchanging the terminals of both the

windings.

Q.15 The following data related to tests on a 110

Volts, 150 Watt, 50 Hz, 6 pole single phase
induction motor :

No-load test : 110 Volts, 63 Watts,

2.7 Amps.

Blocked-rotor test : 55 Volts, ,212 Watts,

5.8 Amps.
4 | Electrical Machine

Answer Key : Single Phase Induction Machine

1 A 2 B 3 A 4 C 5 145-155
6 0.106 7 D 8 C 9 B 10 D
68.98Ω,
11 A 12 C 13 B 14 C 15
37.85W