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Grade X Math Formulas

This document contains important formulas from various topics like algebra, banking, arithmetic progressions, statistics, coordinate geometry, remainder theorem, ratio and proportion, probability, quadratic equations, and matrix multiplication. Key formulas include expressions for powers, interest calculation, mean, median, distance between points, section formula, and properties of proportion. Matrix multiplication is defined as the product of an n x m matrix and an m x p matrix results in an n x p matrix.

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Pranav Gowrish
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122 views5 pages

Grade X Math Formulas

This document contains important formulas from various topics like algebra, banking, arithmetic progressions, statistics, coordinate geometry, remainder theorem, ratio and proportion, probability, quadratic equations, and matrix multiplication. Key formulas include expressions for powers, interest calculation, mean, median, distance between points, section formula, and properties of proportion. Matrix multiplication is defined as the product of an n x m matrix and an m x p matrix results in an n x p matrix.

Uploaded by

Pranav Gowrish
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Important Formulas

Algebraic formulas
• (a+b)2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab
• (a-b)2 = a2 + b2 – 2ab
• (a+b) (a-b) = a2 – b2
• (a + b)3 = a3 + b3 + 3ab(a + b)
• (a – b)3 = a3 – b3 – 3ab(a – b)
• x2 + y2 =½ [(x + y)2 + (x – y)2]
• x3 + y3= (x + y) (x2 – xy + y2)
• x3 – y3 = (x – y) (x2 + xy + y2)

Basic formulas for powers


• pm x pn = pm+n
• {p }⁄{p } = p
m n m-n

• (p ) = p
m n mn

• p = 1/pm
-m

• p = p
1

• P = 1
0

Banking

Interest = P × [ n(n−1)/2]×( r/12 ×100)

M.V = P×n + P × [ n (n−1)/2 ]×( r/12 ×100)

Arithmetic Progression(AP) Formulas


nth term = a + (n-1) d
Sn = n/2 [2a + (n-1) d]

Statistics Formulas
I) The mean of the grouped data can be found by 3
methods.
1. Direct Method: x̅ = ∑fixi/∑fi, where ∑fi xi is the sum of
observations from value i = 1 to n And ∑fi is the number
of observations from value i = 1 to n
2. Assumed mean method : x̅ = a+∑ fidi / ∑ fi
3. Step deviation method : x̅ = a+∑fiui /∑fi×h

Median Formula

Odd Number of Observations


Median = {(n+1)/2}thterm

Even Number of Observations


Median = [(n/2)th term + {(n/2)+1}th]/2

Coordinate Geometry Formulas


the distance between two points is given as-
d= √(x2−x1)2+(y2–y1)2

M(x,y)=(x1+x2/2,y1+y2/2)(Midpoint formula)

Section Formula: To Find a Point Which Divides a Line into


m:n Ratio
Consider a line A and B having
coordinates (x1,y1) & (x2,y2) respectively. Let P be a point
that which divides the line in the ratio m:n, then the
coordinates of the coordinates of the point P is given as-
• When the ratio m:n is internal:
( )
m = tanθ =(y2−y1)/(x2−x1) = rise/run

Remainder Theorem

If f (x), a polynomial in x, is divided by (x – a); the


remainder is equal to f (a)
Factor Theorem

When a polynomial f (x) is divided by (x – a), the


remainder is equal to f (a). If the remainder f (a) is equal
to 0, then (x – a) is a factor of the polynomial f(x).
Ratio and Proportion
The Important Properties of Proportion.

1. Addendo: if a:b = c:d then a + c = b + d


2. Subtrendo: if a:b = c:d then a - c = b - d
3. Dividendo: if a:b = c:d then a - b:b = c - d:d
4. Componendo: if a:b = c:d then a + b:b = c + d:d
5. Alternendo: if a:b = c:d then a:c = b:d
6. Invertendo: if a:b = c:d then b:a = d:c
7. Componendo: if a:b = c:d then a + b:a - b = c + d:c –
d

Probability

1. If all the outcomes of an experiment are equally likely


and E is an event, then probability of event E, written by
P (E), is given by

2. 0 ≤ P (E) ≤ 1
3. P (not E) = 1 – P (E)
4. P (E) = 1 – P (not E)
5. P (E) + P (not E) = 1
6. The sum of the probabilities of all the elementary
events of an experiment = 1
7. The probability of a sure event = 1
8. The probability of an impossible event = 0.
Quadratic Equation

Inequation
1. If the replacement set = N, the set of natural
numbers, then the solution set = {1, 2}
2. If the replacement set = Z or I, the set of
integers, then the solution set = {2, 1, 0, −1,
−2,…}
3. If the replacement set = R, the set of real
numbers, then the solution set is {x: x ϵϵ R and
x < 3}
Multiplication of matrices

If A is an n × m matrix and B is an m × p
matrix, their matrix product AB is an n × p
matrix,

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