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Diffusion 5 6

The document discusses methods for determining liquid-phase diffusion coefficients, including the commonly used diaphragm cell method. It also covers the Wilke-Chang and Stokes-Einstein equations for estimating diffusion coefficients and the Maxwell-Stefan approach for modeling multicomponent diffusion.

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avllanjewar132
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23 views32 pages

Diffusion 5 6

The document discusses methods for determining liquid-phase diffusion coefficients, including the commonly used diaphragm cell method. It also covers the Wilke-Chang and Stokes-Einstein equations for estimating diffusion coefficients and the Maxwell-Stefan approach for modeling multicomponent diffusion.

Uploaded by

avllanjewar132
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Measurement of liquid-phase diffusion coefficient

There are few methods of determination of liquid-phase


diffusivities. The most commonly used method is Diaphragm
cell method.

Diaphragm cell method


Diaphragm cell contains two compartments as shown in
Figure .These are separated by diaphragm. Let the area of the
diaphragm is ‘a’ and porosity is ‘ε’. Effective area for diffusion
=aε
where τ is tortuosity. As the solute concentration is very low, bulk
flow term can be taken as zero.

CA2) CA2, V2

(1)
CA1, V1
(2)
Adding last two Equations (1 and 2) and substituting 1st
equation NA we have,

Boundary conditions
t=0, CA1=CA1,0; CA2=CA2,0 ; t=tf , CA1=CA1,f ; CA2=CA2,f
Semi-empirical Equation Wilke-Chang Equation

is diffusivity of solute A in solvent B, m2/s, φ is


association factor [for H2O=2.26; MeOH=1.9; EtOH=1.5; non-
associated solvent=1.0];
MB is molecular weight of solvent B; T is absolute temp. in K;
μB is solution viscosity of solute A in solvent B, kg/m.s;
νA is solute molar volume at normal boiling point, m3/kmol
[νA=0.0756 m3/kmol for H2O as solvent]
Stokes-Einstein Equation
Liquid diffusivity varies linearly with absolute temperature
and inversely proportional to viscosity of the medium
Multicomponent Diffusion
• It is very complicated process and it is generally non-ideal
and non-uniform.
• Maxwell-Stefan approach, analysis can be done.
• The approach is applied to binary mixture and then it is
extended to multicomponent mixture.
• Basic assumptions the steady state prevails
• Difference in partial pressure of A over a small distance ΔZ
is proportional to molar concentrations of A and B;
diffusional path length and difference in velocities of A
and B.
For very small path length CB = C- CA

NA = uACA ; NB = uBCB

Equation is identical to Equation was obtained from Fick’s


law; Now consider a mixture of n components. Which has
(n-1) binary mixtures
For multicomponent system

Where

Special case: If all the components except i are non-diffusing


or inert, i.e. Nj = 0 for j ≠ i, then
Special Case

Integration of the equation


Kraaijeveld and Wesselingh (1993) proved that in some cases
the diffusivity values of ions in a mixture of electrolytes or in
ion-exchange can be negative

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