BS Bernard-1
BS Bernard-1
Bernard of Clairvaux
BE UNITED IN CHRIST BOOK SUMMARY
This material is summarized from the public domain version of Bernard of Clairvaux’s
On the Love of God. Translated by Marianne Caroline and Coventry Patmore.
Second edition. London: Burns and Oates, 1884. This public domain version is hosted
by the HathiTrust Digital Library ([Link]). This translation has been altered
in places to make it more understandable for modern readers.
Unless otherwise noted, Scripture quotations are taken from the New King James Version®.
Copyright © 1982 by Thomas Nelson. Used by permission. All rights reserved.
Scripture quotations marked ESV are taken from the ESV ® Bible (The Holy Bible, English Standard
Version®). Copyright © 2001 by Crossway, a publishing ministry of Good News Publishers.
Used by permission. All rights reserved. ESV Text Edition: 2011.
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Book Summary
On Loving God
Bernard of Clairvaux
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On Loving God – Bernard of Clairvaux
Author
Bernard of Clairvaux (1090–1153) is respected by Protestants and Roman Catholics alike. Martin
Luther considered Bernard “the greatest of all the fathers of the church after Augustine,”1 and he
was “one of Calvin’s favorite medieval writers.”2 The Roman Catholic Church honors Bernard as
both a “Doctor of the Church” and a saint, and the Italian poet Dante used Bernard as his guide in
the Divine Comedy to lead him into the very presence of God (Paradiso, Canto 31). Nicknamed
“the Honey-tongued Doctor” for his eloquence, he is widely attributed with writing the words to
the classic hymn, “O Sacred Head Now Wounded.” Though less familiar today, Bernard clearly
deserves to be read.
Bernard was born into a noble family in Burgundy, France, but renounced his privileged upbringing
to become a monk. Just three years later he established a monastery at Clairvaux, from which he
founded sixty-eight other monasteries. Bernard was one of the most influential men of his age. He
rallied support for the Second Crusade, wrote the monastic rule for the Knights Templar, intervened
in theological controversies, and helped resolve a disputed election for the pope. He was also a
prolific and popular author. His more than 3,500 pages of writings include The Steps of Humility
and Pride and The Book of Consideration, a collection of pastoral advice offered at the request
of the Bishop of Rome, who had been a former student of his. Bernard died at his monastery in
Clairvaux on August 20, 1153.
Overview
Bernard wrote On Loving God sometime between 1125–1141 in response to a request from a
cardinal in Rome. “You wish me to explain for what reason and in what measure we should love
God. I should say that God Himself is the motive of our love to Him, and that the measure of love
due Him is to be without measure.” In other words, why should God be loved, and how much?
Bernard answers that God should be loved for Himself and without limits. He explains his response
in eleven chapters divided into two parts that correspond to the cardinal’s two questions.
1
Theo M. M. A. C. Bell, “Luther’s Reception of Bernard of Clairvaux,” Concordia Theological Quarterly 59:4
(October 1995), 267.
2
Anthony N. S. Lane, John Calvin Student of the Church Fathers (Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1999), 115.
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Far greater than the riches God gives the body are the spiritual riches He gives to the soul. Once again
Bernard offers three examples. “For our chief goods we must look into the soul, the superior part of
our being. Those goods are excellence, intelligence, and virtue.” By “excellence” Bernard means
free will, which sets man above the animals. “Intelligence” is reason, by which man recognizes his
superiority to the animals and that this did not come from himself. “Virtue” makes men seek the
source of these blessings and, once he finds his Creator, cling to Him in love. The dignity God gives
to those He made in His image deserves repayment in love.
Bernard’s point is to “prove that they who do not know Christ, even they, are sufficiently taught by
the natural law, and by the gifts they possess of body and soul, to love God for God’s own sake.”
God then deserves to be loved for Himself, even based on the knowledge of the unbeliever who is
ignorant of Christ. He who does not love the Lord his God with all his heart and soul and strength is
without excuse, for his natural sense of justice and reason cry out from the depth of his soul that he is
bound to love Him wholly who gave him everything he has.
If non-believers are obligated to love God as their Creator, how much more must believers love God
as their Savior!
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On Loving God – Bernard of Clairvaux
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Moreover, when man had sunk to the level of the beasts that perish, did God not intervene to reinstate
and save him? Is not this the marvel of His goodness and His mercy? For by sin we had fallen from the
dignity of our creation to become beasts like the ox that eats grass and has not the light of reason. If I
owe my whole self to my creator, what do I not owe to my redeemer, and to such a redeemer! It was
a far less work to create than to redeem, for God had but to speak the word and all things were made.
But to repair the fall of that, which one word had created, what wonders did He have to perform, what
cruelties, no, what humiliations, did He have to suffer! What, therefore, shall I give to the Lord for all
that He has done for me! By creating, He gave me to myself; but He restored me to myself when He
gave Himself to me. First given and then restored, I doubly owe myself to Him. But what do I owe to
God for the gift of Himself ? If I gave Him my whole being a thousand times over, what would that be
in comparison of God?
Bernard concludes this section on the particular obligation of believers to love God with a call for
Christians to wholeheartedly love Him for His own sake and without limits.
Confess that God deserves to be greatly loved, or rather that He should be loved beyond measure. He
was the first to love, He so great and we so little. He loves us to excess, just as we are and without
any claim whatsoever on our side. This is why the rightful measure of our love to God is to exceed all
measure, for God, the object of our love, being infinite, how can we weigh or measure what we owe to
Him in love? Moreover, our love is not a free offering. It is the payment of a debt. Besides, it is the I Am,
eternal and immense, the Divine Love, God, whose greatness has no limits nor His wisdom bounds, who
is the “Peace which passes all understanding.” Since it is such a God who loves us, is it possible for us
to say we will love Him so much and no more?
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On Loving God – Bernard of Clairvaux
God uses man’s own selfishness and neediness to turn his heart first to loving Him and then to
loving Him more purely.
Loving God for self’s sake and loving God for God’s sake (9)
Bernard presents the second and third steps to loving God in the same chapter, for they are closely
connected. Loving oneself leads to loving God, because He is gracious to sustain and deliver even
non-believers. Experiencing the reality of God as provider and protector, people begin to love Him,
but only selfishly. The second stage is characterized by a self-serving love in which people only love
God for what He gives them and does for them. It is loving God, but only for self’s sake.
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However, as God repeatedly and graciously proves Himself to be a loving Father who remains
faithful even when people are faithless, they begin to love God for who He is rather than simply
for what He does. People ascend to the third step when they adore God for His character and not
just His blessings, when they appreciate His goodness and not just His gifts. Greed is replaced by
gratitude, and people love God for His sake rather than for theirs. As Bernard explains:
First, then, man has some love for God for his own sake, not for God’s. It is already something to feel
the limits of his own capacity, to know what he cannot do without the help of God, and to keep right
with Him who sustains his life and strength.… Let the frequency of trials bring us often to the feet of
God, surely it is impossible, but we must begin to know Him, and, knowing Him, must come to discern
His sweetness. It soon follows that we are brought to love Him rightly, far more for the sweetness and
beauty that we find in Him than for our own self-interest.
As love for God grows, so does one’s love for one’s neighbor. “It is easy enough to obey the
command and love our neighbor as ourself, for if we love God truly, we love all that is His.” Thus,
obeying the first great commandment more fully enables one to obey the second commandment
more faithfully, for loving God more is the way to love others more.
As Jesus taught and modeled, the full and blessed life is lived in complete submission to the will of
God. It is only when people are freed from self that they can find fullness of joy in God.
We read in the holy Scripture that God has made all things for Himself (Proverbs 16:4). His creatures are
therefore bound to conform themselves, at least in some measure, to the mind of their Maker. We ought
to offer ourselves entirely to Him, studying only His good pleasure, not our own. We shall find happiness
much less in seeking our own advantage than in the accomplishment of His will in us, according as we
daily pray: “Your will be done on earth as it is in Heaven.” Oh, pure and holy love! Most sweet and
blessed affection! Oh, complete submission of an unselfish soul, most perfect in that there is no thought
of self, most sweet and tender in that the soul’s whole feeling is divine! To attain to this is for the soul to
be made divine, as a small drop of water appears lost if mixed with wine, taking its taste and color. As
it is, when plunged into a furnace, a bar of iron seems to lose its nature and assume that of fire. Or, as it
is when the air, filled with the sun’s beams, seems rather to become light than to be illuminated. So it is
with the natural life of the saints. They seem to melt and pass away into the will of God. For if anything
merely human remained in man, how then should God be all in all? It is not that human nature will be
destroyed, but that it will attain another beauty, a higher power and glory.
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On Loving God – Bernard of Clairvaux
However, when God restores the earth and gives His saints their glorified, resurrection bodies, then
their souls will enter into the satisfying, fulfilling love for God that will characterize eternity. Then
“our soul will easily attain to this perfect love when neither the burden nor the temptations of this
body oppress her. Then she will spring unhindered to her joy in the Lord” (10).
At the wedding feast of the Lamb, Christ will lovingly embrace His bride, the church, and she will
rejoice selflessly and everlastingly in the loving presence of God who is love.
From there comes gratification that is never satisfied; desire which is unquenchable, yet most calm and
peaceful—the eternal and incomparable desire to possess, which arises from no want. From there comes
that intoxication without excess, which comes from the enjoyment, not of wine, but of God and His
truth. The soul has reached forever the fourth degree of love, when she loves only God, and loves Him
supremely. She loves God for no gain, but for Himself alone, so that He is her reward, the eternal reward
of those who love Him, and shall love Him forever.
Appraisal
Loving God is the principal command in the Bible. God commanded Israel to “love the Lord your
God with all your heart, with all your soul, and with all your strength” (Deuteronomy 6:5). Jesus
affirmed that this wholehearted love for God was the great and foremost commandment on which
all the Law and the Prophets hang (Matthew 22:37–38). Loving God is essential to inheriting eternal
life (Luke 10:25–27), and indeed, loving God is the essence of eternal life. Bernard of Clairvaux’s
On Loving God directs our affections back to their proper place. He reminds us, first of all, why God
should be loved, for there is no other so deserving or rewarding of our love. God Himself is both the
motivation and the reward for our love.
Bernard also shows us how to love God by describing the steps our affections should take as we seek
to love Him more fully. We are born loving ourselves for our own sake, but when our feebleness and
frailty make us cry out to God and He answers, then we begin to love Him, but only for our own
sake. God’s faithfulness and graciousness eventually soften our hearts to love Him for His sake.
We come to love God because He is good and not just because He gives good gifts. Eventually,
Christians will come to love Him so completely that they love themselves only for His sake. By
reminding us of the priority of loving God and showing us the path to loving God, On Loving God
offers a much needed resource to help us love the Lord our God with more of our heart, soul, mind,
and strength.
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On Loving God – Bernard of Clairvaux
Key Quotations
“You wish me to explain for what reason and in what measure we should love God. I should say that
God Himself is the motive of our love to Him, and that the measure of love due Him is to be without
measure.” (1)
“Two things there are that move us to love God for Himself: nothing is more reasonable and nothing is
more profitable.” (1)
“God gave Himself to us in spite of our unworthiness, and, being God, what could He give us of greater
worth than Himself ?” (1)
“If we desire that Christ should come to us and abide in us, we must fill our hearts full of the thoughts
of His death and resurrection and of the faithful recollection of the mercy and the power of which by
them He has given us proof.” (3)
“It is impossible, poor slaves, to labor for this world’s riches and also to delight in the cross of our
Savior Jesus Christ, at the same time to desire and labor for earthly things and to taste the sweetness of
our Lord.” (4)
“I know that God made me without any merit of mine, that He satisfies all my wants, comforts me with
pity, and governs me with attentive care … I know, besides, that He is my redeemer, the author of my
eternal salvation, my treasure and my glory.” (5)
“Both reason and the law of nature bind me fast to give myself undividedly to Him from whom I
possess all that I have, and to devote my entire being to the love of Him. And faith reveals to me that I
am constrained to love Him more than myself … I owe to His gracious generosity not only all I am, but
moreover the gift of Himself.” (5)
“Why should not the creation love God who made it, having received the power to love? Why should it
not love Him with all its powers, if it is only by God that it possesses any?” (5)
“What, therefore, shall I give to the Lord for all that He has done for me! By creating, He gave me to
myself, but He restored me to myself when He gave Himself to me. First given and then restored, I
doubly owe myself to Him. But what do I owe to God for the gift of Himself ? If I gave Him my whole
being a thousand times over, what would that be in comparison of God?” (5)
“If the Lord is good to the soul that seeks Him, what is He to the soul which has found Him?” (7)
“But in order that love for our neighbor be entirely right, God must have His part in it. It is not possible
to love our neighbor as we should, except in God.” (8)
“Let the frequency of trials bring us often to the feet of God … we must begin to know Him, and,
knowing Him, must come to discern His sweetness. It soon follows that we are brought to love Him
rightly, far more for the sweetness and beauty that we find in Him than for our own self-interest.” (9)
“It is easy enough to obey the command and love our neighbor as ourself, for if we love God truly, we
love all that is His.” (9)
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“And now, Israel, what does the Lord your God require of you, but to fear the Lord your God, to walk in
all His ways, to love Him, to serve the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul, and to
keep the commandments and statutes of the Lord, which I am commanding you today for your good?”
(Deuteronomy 10:12–13)
“Be very careful, therefore, to love the Lord your God.” (Joshua 23:11)
“Love the Lord, all you His saints! The Lord preserves the faithful but abundantly repays the one who
acts in pride.” (Psalm 31:23)
“And He said to him, ‘You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul
and with all your mind. This is the great and first commandment. And a second is like it: You shall
love your neighbor as yourself. On these two commandments depend all the Law and the Prophets.’”
(Matthew 22:37–40)
“For God so loved the world, that He gave His only Son, that whoever believes in Him should not perish
but have eternal life.” (John 3:16)
“Jesus answered him, ‘If anyone loves me, he will keep my word, and my Father will love him, and we
will come to him and make our home with him.’” (John 14:23)
“But God shows His love for us in that while we were still sinners, Christ died for us.” (Romans 5:8)
“For I am sure that neither death nor life, nor angels nor rulers, nor things present nor things to come, nor
powers, nor height nor depth, nor anything else in all creation, will be able to separate us from the love
of God in Christ Jesus our Lord.” (Romans 8:38–39)
“For who sees anything different in you? What do you have that you did not receive? If then you received
it, why do you boast as if you did not receive it?” (1 Corinthians 4:7)
“If anyone has no love for the Lord, let him be accursed. Our Lord, come!” (1 Corinthians 16:22)
“Though you have not seen Him, you love Him. Though you do not now see Him, you believe in Him
and rejoice with joy that is inexpressible and filled with glory.” (1 Peter 1:8)
“See what kind of love the Father has given to us, that we should be called children of God; and so we
are.” (1 John 3:1a)
“Beloved, let us love one another, for love is from God, and whoever loves has been born of God and
knows God. Anyone who does not love does not know God, because God is love.... In this is love, not
that we have loved God but that He loved us and sent His Son to be the propitiation for our sins. Beloved,
if God so loved us, we also ought to love one another.” (1 John 4:7–11)
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BELIEVE IN GOD?
READY TO DO HIS WILL?
The theme of Christian unity is found throughout the Bible. God’s Will for Christian
Unity clearly reveals, in thirty Bible passages, our Lord’s passion and instruction
on the meaning, importance, and manifestation of Christian unity. Understanding
this collection of Bible passages will help you to know how you should think, feel,
and act in relation to other believers in accordance with God’s will.
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UNITY IS ESSENTIAL
FOR GOD’S PEOPLE.
The Be United in Christ Outreach Ministry has written Essentials of Unity from
a great sense of conviction … to better understand God’s will for the unity of
His people, how He achieves it, and what He asks of each of us in preserving it.
Essentials of Unity explains significant Biblical themes for understanding Christian
unity and how these Biblical themes connect to one another in the storyline of
Scripture from Genesis to Revelation.
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Outreach Ministry at [Link].
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BRING HARMONY TO
YOUR CHRISTIAN FAMILY.
What if your church could be conflict-free? Drawn from the wisdom of respected
Puritan preacher Jeremiah Burroughs, Peace and Healing reveals the sources and
dangers of conflict within God’s family and recommends God’s solutions. Get to
the root of disunity and bring love and harmony to the most important relationships
in your life.
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Outreach Ministry at [Link].
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Outreach Ministry at [Link].
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DEVELOP A RICH
CHRISTIAN COMMUNITY.
Blessing. Peace. Eternal life. How can you experience them for yourself? Explore
Psalm 133 and learn King David’s song of the goodness and pleasantness of
God’s children living in harmony. You will discover that unity is not only God’s
desire but also His design to lead you into the satisfying life He desires for you to
experience.
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Outreach Ministry at [Link].
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Outreach Ministry at [Link].
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Outreach Ministry at [Link].
Basic Edition
Deluxe Edition
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