Kom Ombo Temple

Nomination of Kom Ombo:

-This small town lies 24 km north of Aswan. The city was called “nbyt”
which means the "golden". In
Coptic language, the name of the city became "mbw" or "imbw". In the Græco-roman period,
the city was named
"Ormbite" and then "Obmos". After that, the Arabs added the word "kom" which means "the
mount to the name of the city which became "Kom Ombo".
-This nome played an important commercial role as it was a center for getting African elephants
which were used in the battlefields of the Ptolemaic army. During the Roman times, Kom Ombo
was an important center for the Roman garrison in Egypt.
History of the Kom Ombo Temple:
-It was thought that the history of the temple dates back as early as the New Kingdom. A door
jamb was found beaing the name of Tuthmosis IlI among the southern enclosure wall of the
temple. A sandstone gateway was also discovered in the precinct of the temple and dates back
to the reign of Hatshepsut of the 18" dynasty. Additional parts were added alter by the reign of
Ramses II.
-The temple was named in the 18th dynasty “pr sbk” ( the House of Sobek.)
-The building and decoration of the temple started by the reign of Ptolemy VI Philometor and
continued till the early third century CE. It was built probably in 136-135 BC.
-The large building of Kom Ombo temple originally replaced the earlier temple.
-The scenes of the temple began by the reign of Ptolemy VI and The dedicatory inscription
mention that the temple was established by Ptolemy VI. However, most of the temple's parts
were added during the reign of Ptolemy VIII and further addition were done by PtolemyXII.
-The last scene of the temple belongs to the emperor Macrinus and his son Diadumenian.
-By this way it could be said that the construction and the decoration of the temple lasted for
about 400 years.
-A Greek inscription is found on the exterior wall of the first hypostyle hall of the temple. On
the left side entrance (consecrated to Harories) that leads to three successive rooms, the
inscription mention that temple was built by Ptolemy VI and his wife Cleopatra II.
-It could be noticed that the Ptolemaic scenes in this temple are much better than the Roman
scenes.
-All the temples buildings in the southern part of the plateau were cleared of debris and restored
by Jacques de Morgan in 1893. The temple is recently restoration by the fund of the USAID.
Triads of the Temple:
-According to the dedicatory inscription on the north western gate of the temple, this temple is
consecrated to both Sobek and Horus the Great (Harories).
-By this way, this temple is the solemn temple in Egypt that was dedicated to two triads.

Son Wife Father Triad

P3 nb t3wy T3 snt nfrt Her wr 1 triad
Khonsu Hathor Sobek 2 triad
1 )First triad: first member:
-Horus the Great (Her Wer):
Name: the name of this god is “Ḥr wr”
which means “Horus the Great” and The Greeks called this shape of Horus as “Haroeris”, He
was sometimes entitled as “Kemwer”, meaning” (the) great black (one)”.
Iconography: He was seen as a great falcon with outstretched wings whose right eye was the
sun and the left one was the moon, He was also depicted as a falcon headed man.
Function: Horus represented the god of light and later, he also became the patron of the
pharaohs, and was called the son of truth referring to his role as an important upholder of
Maat.
Cult Center: He was especially worshiped in Nekhen (Heirakonpolis) (now el kom El Ahmar in
Qena Governorate).
Second member:
-The great sister (t3 snt nfrt):
Name: the name of this goddess is “t3 snt nfrt” which means “the good sister”,which was one of
the titles given to goddess Hathour.
Third member:
-The lord of the two land(p3 nb t3wy):
Name: the name of this god is “p3 nb t3wy” which means “The lord of the two land” referring to
Upper and Lower Egypt,who is one of the forms of god Horus.
2 )Second triad: first member:
-Sobek:
Name: This god was named in the ancient Egyptian language as “sbk”. It was written in Greek as
“Suchos”
Origin: Sobek was described to be the son of the primeval goddess Neith and Hathour,And in
other cases the harvest deity Renenutet was described to be his consort, And as early as the
New Kingdom, Sobek was assimilated with the Re forming a new shape of the creator god called
Sobek-Re.
Iconography: Sobek was depicted either 1)as a crocodile or a crocodile headed man ,And
According to the hymns of Ramesseum temple Sobek was represented
2)as a ram, a bull and also as a lion, and he was depicted
3)in the form of the “Itra serpent“"the earth creator" , and He was also represented
4)as a falcon with one or two heads of a crocodile and vice versa,and he also was sometime
depicted
5)in the form a fecundity figure(This iconography is found in the sanctuary of the temple of
Hibis in Kharga oasis),he is usually depicted wearing
1)a crown consisting of two horns, a sun disc, and two plumes ,He could also wear 2)a
tripartite crown or the white crown.
Function: He was god of the Nile, Mouris Lake, fertility and also evil powers and he became
also the patron of fishermen.
Second member:
-the house of Horus (ḥwt ḥr):
Name: The name of this goddess means “the house of Horus””ḥwt ḥr”(Greek: "Hathour"),This
name refers to her connection with god Horus.
Iconography: Hathour was depicted
1)in the form of a woman wearing the solar sun disc between two horns,In other cases,
Hathour was depicted
2)in the form ofa celestial cow,Therefore, she became assimilated with “the cow Mehet Weret
“and “the cow ihet”, like goddess nut , Hathour was sometimes depicted
3)in the form of a sycamore tree ,the goddess was also represented
4)in the form of a lioness, a serpent or a papyrus plant.
5) A woman with a bovine head is another figure of this divinity , Both turquoise and red were
the sacred colors of this deity .
Attributes: One of her major attributes is the sistrum sššt, which is a musical instrument used
by the priestesses of Hathour during her festivals.
Function: Hathour was entitled to be "eye of Re"and she was also the mother goddess,
goddess of beauty, pleasure, and music, and she was regarded a sky deity, the place where
Horus falcon settled, and She was assimilated with the Egyptian goddesses Nut and Isis and
with the Greek goddess Aphrodite.
Cult Centers: Hathour had a funerary function in Thebes where she was entitled as "lady of the
west", In Memphis, Hathour took the title "lady of sycamore" referring to the sycamore tree
which was the sacred tree of this deity, In Sinai, Hathor became " lady of turquoise".
Third member:
-The traveller (ḫnsw):
Name: the name of this god is “ḫnsw”
which means “The traveller”, This name shows his role as a daily traveller in his nightly voyage
across the heaven,His name probably refers to his nightly journey across the sky in a boat.
Iconography: Khnosu was depicted
1)in the form as a man with a crescent and the moon disc over his head,He was usually
depicted
depicted
2)in the mummified shape holding the flail and scepter in his hand (ḥk3 ,nḫḫ) ,in some cases,
Khonsu appeared
3)with a side lock. As a sky god, Khonsu was sometimes figured
4)in the shape of a falcon headed god crowned with the crescent and the lunar disc.
Function: Like Thoth, Khonsu was one of the lunar gods in ancient Egypt, It was thought that he
watched over the night travelers,His healing function was well attested through a stela called
Bekhten Stele that dates back to the 21 dynasty( reign of Ramses II), also he was a Nile deity
(inspired from two sources from his lunar character and being the son of Osiris) .
Cult Centers: At Thebes Khonsu formed part of a family triad with Mut as his mother and Amun
his father,In addition to his main temple at Karnak, Khonsu was worshiped in other places such
as: Memphis, Edfu, Gebel of Silsila, Gebelein, the temple of Hibis at El Kharga and Kom Ombo.
Description of the temple:
( 1 ) Orientation and Location of the Temple:
-The temple is directed from the southwest to the north east.
-The temple is located about 15 meters higher than the Nile, and Its entrance opens faces the
river Nile.
( 2 ) Design of the Temple:
-The temple is uniquely designed to be a double temple with two axes,
The southern part (right part) of the tempie leads to the sanctuary of God Sobek ,
While the northern part (left part) leads to the sanctuary of Hahrories, Horus the Elder.
-The temple is remarked with duplicity in most of its architectural elements except for certain
elements such as “the wabet room” which is only located in the northern part dedicated to
Harories.
-The temple was designed to following the ancient Egyptian traditions. It consisted of a pylon
then an open court then two hypostyle halls then three halls then finally the sanctuary.
( 3 )The Gateway of PtolemyXII:
-This gateway is now located to the southern west of the main temple , It is now engaged in
the enclosure wall of the temple.
-It is preceded by number of steps.
-Only remains of the eastern part of this gateway still exists. ‫ﻤﻦ‬+ ‫ﺤ&ٮﺎح اﻻٮ‬$‫اﻟ‬
Most Important Scenes of the Gateway of Ptolemy XII(the eastern part):
1)On the exterior façade of this gateway there is a scene in (the upper register) :for Ptolemy XII
smiting the enemies in front of two deities.(‫ﻪ‬8‫ٮﻚ وﻣراٮ‬$‫ٮﻦ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺳو‬+‫()ﻣﺶ ﻣﻌرو&ڡ‬3)
2)On the western part of the façade(‫ﺣﻞ اﻟ(ٮوا(ٮﻪ‬$‫)دا‬, there is another scene :for the king burning
incense and presenting two flowers “sbyw” to God Geb and goddess Nut.(6)
3)On the Interior façade of this gateway there is a scene in (the lower register) the king is
presenting two mirrors to goddess Hathor in front of god khunso ,Offering the two mirrors
presenting two mirrors to goddess Hathor in front of god khunso ,Offering the two mirrors
“wnnt ḥr nḫ”: this offering appeared in Egypt during the Greco-Roman period It became part of
the divine procession of the goddess,and The two mirrors are described to be the sun and
moon.(19)
( 4 ) the pylon “bḫnt”:
-most of the pylon damaged and its blocks were drown in the Nile in 1893. The Supreme
Council of Egyptian Antiquities built a protective wall between the Nile and the temple.
-The remaining part of the pylon on the southern and western part(mainly its right part) which
is reveals scene of :
1)on the lower part ,the procession of the fertility figures presenting offerings,They are led by
the Roman emperor Domitian who is preceded by the priest who is depicted burning incense in
front of the triad of God Sobek.(62-9)
2) On the upper part oil,the Roman emperor Domitian coming out from his royal palace. Behind
him is the royal ka and in front of him the priest is depicted burning incense and behind the
priest is different standard bearers of Egypt.(72)
( 5 ) The Open Court “wb3”:
-the pylon leads to a rectangular open court surrounded by a colonnade of columns form three
sides(16 columns).
-The temple (court) had two gateways; the right one is dedicated to Sobek and the left one is
consecrated for Harories.
-Only the lower parts of the columns remain , The columns on the right present the emperor
Tiberius presenting offerings to Sobek, while The columns on the left represent the emperor
making offering to Harories.
-The court dates back to the reign of the Roman emperor Tiberius.
-In the center of the open court,there is a red granite block was discovered,This block is
attached to a basin ‫ﺣﻮض‬used for rituals and the offerings in this place.
( 6 )The First Hypostyle Hall “wsḫt ḫnty” (Pronaos):
-It is a place for making different festivals.
-it is called in Ancient Egypt “wsḫt ḫnty”.
-According to the decoration of this hall, the pronaos dates back to the reign of Ptolemy XII.
the façade :
-this hall could be entered through the two main entrances in the middle of the façade of the
pronaos and from the two subsidiary entrances on each side of the facade.
-Five columns support the façade of the pronaos. (Two columns in each sides and one columns
on the center links the two main entrances of the temple together).
-there are Screen walls that’s link the columns of the façade together.
-Above the two entrance leading to the first hypostyle hall , two Horus Behdety (the winged
sun disk )as a sign of protection.
sun disk )as a sign of protection.
The scenes of the screen walls (left side):
1 ) on the most left-hand of the left side of the façade (188) , The king Ptolemy XII is holding a
long stick in his right hand and Behind him, his royal ka and in front of the emperor, the priest is
depicted burning incense.
2 ) on the most right-hand of the left side of the façade (179) , The king Ptolemy XII receiving
the water of purification (They are pouring water above the head of the king in the form of the
nḫ and W3S signs from ḥs vessels to ensure life and power to the king) from Horus and Thoth
in front of Harories.
The scenes of the screen walls (right side):
1 )on the most left-hand ofthe right side of the façade (191) , The king Ptolemy XII receiving
the water of purification (They are pouring water above the head of the king in the form of the
nḫ and W3S signs from ḥs vessels to ensure life and power to the king) from Horus and Thoth
in front of Sobek .
2)on the most right-hand of the right side of the façade (198) , The king Ptolemy XII is holding
a long stick in his right hand and Behind him, his royal ka and in front of the emperor, the priest is
depicted burning incense.
The hall:
-The ceiling of the first hypostyle hall is supported by ten (10) columns in two rows, The capital
of these columns are floral capitals.
-The composite hieroglyphic signs "nb -rḫit-dw3" (all people worshiping you) is found on
inscriptions on the columns at this hall, which is a common sign found in places where people
gathered to attend different festivals.
Most Important Scenes in the First Hypostyle Hall:
1)on the left wall of Interior façade of the pronaos (208),There is a scene represents the king
Ptolemy XII being blessed by four deities; Thoth as Ibis headed man, Nut (titled here as “nbt
nwbt” meaning mistress of Kom Ombo), Isis as a lioness headed deity, and Horus ( Harsiese
“hr-s3-3st”)in front of Harories.
2) Above The right subsidiary gateway on the Interior façade (217),which’s sometimes called
”The Door of the Four Winds”,a remarkable scene of Polemy XIl presenting the sign of eternity
“ḥḥ“to the four winds which are represented in the form of four composite Shaped animals:
1- on the first row , the first one is depicted in the form of a horned deity with four headed ram
represented (the northern wind) called “mḥyt”
2-Behind him on the first row , the second one is depicted in the form of a winged deity with
four headed ram crowned with the sun disc and two feathers and two horizontal horns
represented (the southern wind) called “rsyt”
3-on the second row , the first one is depicted in the form of a Four-legged snake crowned with
the sun disc and two feathers and two horizontal horns represented (the western wind “imntt”)
4-Behind him on the second row , the second one is depicted in the form of Four-winged falcon
crowned with the sun disc and two feathers and two horizontal horns represented (the eastern
wind “i3btt”)
The ceiling:
-the ceiling is decorated with shapes of both the vultures and cobras (Nekhbet and Wadjet)
spreading their wings to give protection for the temple and they are depicted alternatively ‫"ٮﺎﻟ&ٮ"ٮﺎدل‬,
and Traces of colors are still visible(329).
-The remaining part of the ceiling represent the shape of some astronomical scenes.
Most Important astronomical Scenes on the ceiling:
1) One of these scenes represents God Horus standing on a bark and surrounded by stars .(315)
2)there’s another scene represent the sun disk in the sun bark.(243)
( 7 )The second Hypostyle Hall “wsḫt ḫ w”:
-this hall is smaller in size than the first hall.
-It dates back to the reign of Ptolemy VIII, who is depicted on the columns presenting offerings
to the deities.
-Its ceiling is supported by ten 10 papyri form columns but it does not exist now.
-On the left entrance that leads to the next hall (dedicated for Harories), there is a Greek
inscription dedicating the temple by Ptolemy VI and all the deities of the temple.
Most Important Scenes in the second Hypostyle Hall:
1) in the western wall of the hall ( next to the left entrance that leads to the this hall ) there are
successive scenes for the coronation of the king , start from the right with a scene represents
the king Ptolemy VIII leaving his palace and the priest in front of him burning incense.(465)
2)then the following scene represents The king Ptolemy VIII receiving the water of purification
from Horus and Thoth in front of Harories.(464)
3) the scenes ending on the most-left-side of the wall with a scene represents The king
Ptolemy VIII being crowned by both Nekhbet and Wadjet goddesses the double crown
“sḫmty” (the one belonging to the two powers) in front of Harories.(463)
4) on The northern wall of this hall (left wall) a remarkable scene for Ptolemy VIII behind him
his sister and wife Cleopatra II and his niece and second wife Cleopatra III, The king is depicted
wearing a transparent robe over the “shendiyt”kilt. (This robe was part of the Macedonian
costume),This king is depicted wearing the “3tf”crown and receives the sword of victory and
the “ḥb”sign of festivals from Harories.(462)
( 8 )The Hall of festivals“wsḫt ḥbw”:
-It is a rectangular hall and its ceiling is ruined.
- On the walls of this hall the foundation rituals of the temple is represented.
Most important scenes in The Hall of festivals:
1)On the left side(next to the left entrance that leads to the next hall),a scene represents the
king Ptolemy VI is depicted sprinkling the sand in front of Harories and other goddess,which is
ritual called “wš3 š ” ” (the king is depicted pouring sand from a large bucket of sand into the
foundation trenches before the deity. A layer of sand was used with mud-brick to fill and level
foundation trenches in temple constructions. In the Egyptian religion, sand referred to the
primeval mound and as a purifying element.)(611)
2)Another (on the wall between the two entrances that leads to this hall ),a scene represents
the king Ptolemy VI is depicted purifying the temple with Natron sand in front of Harories,
which is ritual calld “ḫpš bsn”(The king is portrayed sprinkling Natron sand to purify the temple)
(614)
( 9 )The Hall of offering “wsḫt htpw”:
-only the priests were allowed to enter this hall to make the sacred offerings to Harories and
Sobek.
-This hall dates back to Polemy VI.
-There are two subsidiary doorways in the Hall of Offering:
1-The one to the right was leading to small room that leads to the eastern staircase of the
temple.
2-The other to the left was leading to the wester staircase of the temple
-The scenes of the hall are offering scenes.
Most important scenes in The Hall of offerings:
1) On the lintel of the doorway (that’s lead to this hall)of Sobek, there is a scene for Ptolemy VI
worshiping three cobras; the first is a complete cobra, then a falcon headed cobra, and finally
a vulture headed cobra.(682)
2) on the right side next to the right entrance (that’s leading to this hall) ,there is a very
important scene it is called a calendar as it gives information for the tourists about the “Ancient
Egyptian year “(how it was divided into three seasons called “3ḫt “(season of “flood”inundation)
“Prt” (where the crops start to grow ”sowing”) and “šmw” (the “harvest”season) , and Every
season consist of four months and every month consists of 3 weeks and 10 days so the whole
number of the days of the Egyptian year is 360 days the 5 remaining days were dedicated to the
most important deities in Ancient Egyptian religion (Isis, Osiris, Nephthys, Horus and Seth)).
In this scene The three seasons are depicted here in the form of three lioness-headed
goddesses from right to left : (3ḫt then prt then šmw). (677)
3) Beside the scene of the three figures, is the “festival calendar”in which the offerings are
mentioned and arranged from the first day in the month till the last day (They wrote the
numbers from 1 to 10 in the form of sticks,The shape of half bread loaf represents number 10 ,
“hrw” sign which means day and The last sign reads “Pḥ” which means completed or finished
and some say that it may be the origin of the slang word in our Egyptian language which called
(‫)"ٮﺢ‬.(701,702,703)
(‫)"ٮﺢ‬.(701,702,703)
4) on the left side next to the left entrance (that’s leading to this hall), there is a scene
represents the king Ptolemy VI is depicted recording the different offerings to his father.(690)
( 10 )The central / ennead Hall “wsḫt hrt ib”/ “wsḫt psḏt”:
-It is a rectangular hall which contain two subsidiary gateways leading to two rooms.
Most important scene in The central Hall :
-on the wall between the two entrances (that’s leading to the two sanctuaries of the gods of
the temple), there is a remarkable scene of god Khonsu followed by Harories and Sobek Re.
Khonsu is here recording the names of the king on a palm branch. In front of the deities,
Ptolemy VI is depicted here wearing the Macedonian robe and behind him Cleopatra II. This
scene is one of the rare scenes in which Sobek and Harories are depicted together.(810)
( 11 )The sanctuary:
-it’s consists of two rooms on the same axis of the temple,The right sanctuary is for the triad
of God Sobek and the left one is for god Harories and his triad.
-The floor of the two sanctuaries is higher than the rest of the temple's floor.
-The ceiling is also lower that the level of the rest of the temple.
-The rear wall of the two sanctuaries is ruined.
-The wall separating between the two sanctuaries includes a crypt covered with a slab of
stone, this crypt is said to be belonged to the priest of the temple.
-Behind the sanctuaries, there is seven (7)rooms, Some scholars confirm that these rooms
were used for preserving the sacred rituals tools of the temple,Others say that it might be
consecrated for the cult of Sobek and Harories and their triads. A third opinion says that these
rooms were used as settlements for the priests,The seven rooms are as follows;
1- Room of the Throne of Re
2-the Clothes Room
3-Room of Harories
4-The central room
5-Room of Sobek
6-the room of Gold
7-southern room
( 12 )The two corridors surrounding the temple:
The exterior (outer) corridor:
-it’s begins from the open court and surrounds the whole temple.
-The decoration of this corridor dates back to the reign of Roman emperor Neron.
Most important scenes in The outer corridor:
1)in the central wall of the outer corridor at the back of the temple, a very significant scene
depicts “the division of the temple”, The scene is topped by the winged sun disc, Under it (the
eye of the sun”right” and the eye of the moon”left”) are depicted in front of each eye one circle
eye of the sun”right” and the eye of the moon”left”) are depicted in front of each eye one circle
are found; (the right circle contains the shape of a lion) and (the left circle contains the shape
of the”wḏ3t”eye), Under this part god Shu is depicted crowned with the “šw” (air) , holding the
“ṯ3w”(breathe) and the” nḫ“in his hands, and surrounding by The four winds deities, Under it
(Two ears and two ”wḏ3t”eyes) are depicted flanking a shape of a naos in which a small statue
for goddess Maat was preserved, According to the inscription of this scene goddess Maat
ordered the people of Kom Ombo to hear and see that she will divide this temple equally
between the two triads of the temple ،Flanking this part both Harories and Sobek are depicted
facing each other، The lower part of this scene reveals a remarkable hieroglyphic sign of the
captives (enemies) which was called “sbi” or “sb3i” tied like the tied goose presented as
offerings to the deity, The inscriptions date back to the Roman emperor Trajan.(938)
2) Facing this unique scene in the northwest corner of this corridor, there is another remarkable
scene of “the medical (surgical) instrument “, The whole scene depicts a kneeling emperor
some scholars say that he was Antoninus Pius or Macrinus ,other scholars dated the scene to
the reign of the roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius, But since the name of the emperor depicted is
not mentioned on the relief, this opinion is not confirmed , He is represented adoring the God
Haroris (who was the god of medicine in this temple, One of the god's titles was "wr-snw" which
means "the great one of physicians", "the healer of the wḏ3t eyes", "the protector of the limbs
of Osiris") with the goddess Tasenetnefert , The offering that the king carries are not preserved,
However, the accompanying text reveal that the Roman emperor presented two “wḏ3t”eyes; the
eye of Ra and the eye of Horus, referring to the Upper and Lower egypt , between the emperor
and the god we can find four registers representing the different medical instruments Which is
could be clearly compared with those used in the Roman medicine during that time,The
instruments include different types (of hooks, blades, knifes, forceps, balance, boxes, a
sponge, two wḏ3t shaped amulets, and a case of instruments),The whole objects are depicted
being placed on a table and flanking with two seated figures of isis and osiris.(950)
The internal (inner) corridor:
-it’s begins from the 1th hypostyle hall , dates back to the reign of Ptolemy XII.
Most important scene in The inner corridor:
-On the left side of this corridor, the emperor Neron is depicted leaving his palace and wearing
the Red Crown and in front of him is the priest “iwn mwt.f”burning the incense.(880)
( 13 ) The Mammisi:
-It is located in the southern west part of the temple nearby the Nile River, and it could be
entered through (gateway of Ptolemy XII).
-The mammisi of Kom Ombo dates hack to the reign of Ptolemy VIII.
-The mammisi began with number of steps now ruined,These steps led to an open court,then
court with Hathoric columns between them screen walls,This columned hall led to a small
chapel leading to the main chapel which is now ruined (also most of upper part of the columns
are ruined).
Most important scenes in The mammisi:
1)there is a famous scene for Ptolemy VIII in the marshes of the Delta pulling papyrus flowers
and stems,Behind him god Heka is depicted carrying some papyri and in front of the king is the
god “imn k3 mwt.f” (52)
2) there is s scene for Isis nursing her child Harpokrates.
3) scenes for goddess Tawereet.(46-9)
( 14 ) The chapels of the temple:
-the two chapes are within the enclosure wall.
The Chapel of Hathour:
-this chapel lies to the southern east of the main temple beside the open court of the temple.
-According to the Greek inscription inscripted on the corniche of this chapel, it was dedicated
by the Roman emperor Domitian to goddess Hathour.
-The scenes and the inscription of this chapel are unfinished.
-The chapel consists of a rectangular room leading to another room without any decoration .
Most important scene on this chapel:
-On the façade of this chapel there is a remarkable scene for goddess Tasenet Nefert seated
on the throne wearing the Atef Crown,In front of her the goddess “mrt Sma” (Meret of the
North) is playing on the harp. Behind her, the Roman emperor Domitian is depicted wearing the
Double Crown and presenting the sistrums to Tasenet Nefret.(963)
The Chapel of sobek:
-it’s located in the northern west part of the temple .
-It dates back to the Roman emperor Caracalla.
- there are five (5) steps led to the entrance of the chapel which leads then to a rectangular
open court with only remaining two columns bearing the scenes for Caracalla and Geta.
( 15 ) The nilometer and basins:
-In the north west corner of the temple, there is a Nilometer which is a deep well including
number of steps.
-This well is connected a square basin with three steps.
-it was used for collecting the water Nile.