Syntax

Subject – Verb Agreement

कसी भी Sentence म Verb एवं Subject के म य एक Agreement होता Each- येक (दो या दो से अिधक ि य या व तु के िलए) Either-दो म से
है | Sentence म Subject के Number तथा Person के अनुसार Verb का योग कोई एक (के वल दो) Neither-दो म से कोई भी नह (के वल दो) Every- येक
Subject-verb Agreement कहलाता है | य द Subject, Singular हो तो Verb, (दो से अिधक)
Singular होता है जब क Subject, Plural हो तो Verb, Plural होता है | जैसे – Each of these four pens is red.
1. Singular Subjects :- I, You, He, She, It, Ram, Sita, The boy, The Each boy was handsome.
Girl, ...etc. Either of those two boys is gentle.
2. Singular Verbs :- Am, Is, Was, Has, Does, Writes, Drinks, Reads, Either pen writes well.
...etc. Neither of these two students is laborious.
3. Plural Subjects :- We, You, They, Ram and Shyam, Gita and Sita, Neither girl was beautiful.
The boys, ...etc. 10) Either or Neither का योग Sentence के Subject के प म हो, तो इसके
4. Plural Verbs :- Are, Were, Have, Do, Write, Drink, Read, ...etc. साथ Singular Verb का योग होता है |
1) ‘I’ का योग Singular Subject के प म होता है, ले कन इसके साथ Singular जैसे – There are two room here, and either is ventilated.
or Plural Verb का योग होता है | There are two girls in the class, but neither is beautiful.
जैसे – I am a teacher. I was a student 11) Indefinite Pronoun जैसे – Everyone, Everybody, Nobody, Somebody,
I have a car. I write a letter. Non one, Each one, Someone, Anyone का Subject के प म योग
2) ‘You’ का योग Singular or Plural Subject के प म होता है, ले कन इसके Singular माना जाता है अतः Verb भी Singular योग कया जाता है |
साथ Plural Verb का योग होता है | जैसे – Everyone was happy to get this news.
जैसे – You are student. You are engineers. Somebody is coming here.
You go there. You were playing. Each one was given a gift.
Someone is there in the hall.
3) य द two Singular Nouns ‘and’ से जुड़कर Sentence के Subject के प म Everyone wants to qualify in the CGL examination.
यु ह , तो इसके साथ Plural Verb का योग होता है | 12) Many/A great many/A good many + Plural Noun तथा Many of/A
जैसे – Ravi and Kavi have done will in the examination. great many of / A good many of + Plural Non/Plural Pronoun का
A boy and a girl love each other. योग Sentence के Subject के प म हो तो इसके साथ इसके साथ Plural Verb
4) दो Noun जो य िप समानाथक नह है ले कन एक Phrase क तरह यु होते ह इ ह का योग होता है |
pair म िलखा जाता है जैस-
े bread and butter, rice and curry, slow and जैसे – Many students have passed.
steady, truth and honesty, horse and carriage, crown and glory, rise A good many of us have gone to Shimla.
and fall, coming and going, long and short, bag and baggage, sum Many of the criminals were arrested.
and substance, age and experience, hammer and sickle ....etc. और 13) जब दो या अिधक Singular Nouns, “or, either........or, neither.......nor” से
जब इनसे एक ही व तु का बोध हो तो Singular Verb का योग कया जाता है | जोड़े गए हो तो Singular Verb का योग होता है | ले कन जब दो या अिधक
जैसे – Bread and butter is a good breakfast. Noun अलग-अलग Number के हो तो Plural Number वाला Noun ही Verb
Rice and curry is a popular dish. के साथ लगाना चािहये तथा Verb भी Plural लेना चािहये |
Slow and steady wins the race. जैसे – No man or women were present there.
Pen and ink is needed by me. Either Sita or Ram was present in the party.
“Early to bed, early to rise” is a good habit. Neither he nor she is responsible for this loss.
5) य द दो Singular Noun ‘and’ से जुड़े ह तथा First Singular Noun के पहले Either Ram or his friends have stolen the watch.
Articles or Possessive Adjectives (जैसे- my, your, our,.....etc.) का Ramesh or his friends are abusing him
योग हो इससे एक ही ि या व तु का बोध होता है अतः इसके साथ Singular 14) जब दो या अिधक Subject “or, either........or, neither.......nor, Not
Verb का योग होता है | only..............but also” से जोड़े गए हो तथा different Persons/Subject के हो
जैसे – The poet and painter has died. तो Verb अपने पास वाले Persons/Subject के अनुसार लगाया जाता है|
The Principal and Secretary was there. जैसे – Either you or I am go to there.
My uncle and guardian has come to see me. Neither he nor you are to attend them.
The clerk and counsellor was present in the meeting. You or Ramesh is responsible for the loss.
The Project Director and Additional Collector is on tour. He or I am to go there.
6) य द दो Singular Noun ‘and’ से जुड़े ह तथा दोनो Singular Noun के पहले Not only the Principal but also the teachers were playing the
Articles or Possessive Adjectives (जैसे- my, your, our,.....etc.) का match.
Not only the students but also the teacher was also involved
योग हो इससे अलग-अलग ि का बोध होता है अतः इसके साथ Plural Verb का
in the discussion.
योग होता है | 15) There के बाद आने वाली Verb Plural या Singular होगी, इस बात पर िनभर
जैसे – A poet and a philosopher have come. होगी क वा य का Subject Plural है या Singular |
The Principal and the Secretary were there.
जैसे – There is a girl in the classroom.
My uncle and my grandfather have come to see me.
There is a pen on the table.
ले कन -
There was a queen.
My mother and father are proud of me. There is only another 50 km to go.
My uncle and aunt want to settle in Delhi. There is ten rupees to pay.
7) य द दो Adjective ‘and’ से जुड़े ह तथा थम Adjective के पहले Articles हो तो There is rice and curry for dinner.
Singular Verb ले कन दोनो Adjectives से पहले Articles का योग हो तो There were several ministers in the party.
Plural Verb का योग होता है | There are five pens on the table.
जैसे – A black and white cat was mewing. 16) Suppositional Sentence ायः if, as if, as though, if only, suppose, I
A black and a white cat were mewing. wish, We wish, He wishes.... से टाट होते ह, इससे कोरी क पना या असंभव
8) य द दो Singular Noun ‘and’ से जुड़े ह तथा First Singular Noun या दोन शत का बोध होता है| इन के बाद कसी भी Number तथा Person के Subject का
noun से पहले each or every का योग हो तो इसके साथ Singular Verb का योग य नह हो, फर भी Plural Verb ‘were’ का योग होता है |
योग होता है | जैसे – If he were my boss, he would suspend me.
जैसे – Each pen and pencil is red. Raman talks to me as if he were the General Manager of
Each pen and each pencil is red. NIPPO Company.
Each boy and girl has to attend the function. If I were a billionaire, I would open a charitable hospital.
Each boy and every girl is laborious. 17) Few, A few, Very few, Few/A few/Very few + Plural Noun, तथा Few
Each minute and each second is precious. of/A few of/Very few of + Plural Noun/Plural Pronoun का योग
Each male and every female was protesting against that law. Sentence के Subject के प म हो तो, इसके साथ Plural Verb का योग होता
9) Each of/Either of/Neither of + Plural Non/Plural Pronoun के साथ है |
Singular Verb जब क Each/Either/Neither + Singular Countable जैसे – Many were punished but a few were guilty.
Noun के साथ Singular Verb का योग होता है | Very few girls are laborious.
Few of these pens are in order.
 Syntax
Subject – Verb Agreement
18) सामा यता All एवं Some के साथ य द Countable Noun आता है तो वह Noun िनचे दए गए Table को यान से पढ़े
भी Plural होगा एवं Verb भी Plural | ले कन य द All के साथ कोई Sr. Words + Noun/Pronoun Verbs
Uncountable Noun आता है तो Singular Verb का योग होता है | वैसेही All No.
का योग वा य म एक Unit क तरह हो तो भी इसके साथ Singular Verb का
योग होगा | 1 No S.U.N. Singular
जैसे – All the tigers are wild animals.
जैसे – No work has been done.
All the money was taken away by the thief.
All the money has been spent. 2 No S.C.N. Singular
He informed the police all that happened last night.
I would inform you all that was discussed in the meeting. जैसे – No pen was available.
19) जब दो nouns अगर beside, as well as, with, together with, and not, in 3 No P.C.N. Plural
addition to, like – इनमे से कसी से भी जुड़े हो तो verb इनके पहले आनेवाले
noun के अनुसार होता है | जैसे – No pens were available.
जैसे – Ram and not his friends was present there. 4 Little/A little/The S.U.N. Singular
The house with all its belongings was sold. little
The president as well as the members has come. जैसे – A little work has been done.
The pigeon like other birds has wings. 5 Little of/A little of/The S.U.N. Singular
The criminal alongwith his followers was arrested. little of
The principal with all his teachers is coming here. जैसे – A little of the ghee has been sold.
Four questions in addition to the first question have to be
answered. 6 Little of/A little of/The It/this/that/everything Singular
20) य द दो Verbs not only......but also, Hardly, Never, Scarcely, Rarely, little of
Seldom या No sooner ....then से जुड़कर यु हो तथा not only या no जैसे – A little of it was described.
sooner से sentence क शु वात हो तो इसके साथ inversion का योग होता है 7 Much/Not much S.U.N. Singular
अथात verb का योग subject के पहले होता है | ऐसे वा य म verb का योग जैसे – Much milk has been sold
not only या no sooner के बाद आने वाले subject के आधार पर होता है|
8 Much of/Not much of S.U.N. Singular
जैसे – Not only does he read but he also writes.
Hardly does he go to school. जैसे – Not much of the money has been spent.
Never does he come here.
9 One third of/two third S.U.N. Singular
No sooner does he go to the office than the telephone rings.
of/the rest of/a
21) Cardinal Adjectives जैसे – one, two, three, four ....... के बाद Plural quarter of/twenty
Noun का योग हो तथा इससे िनि त number का बोध हो तो इसके साथ percent of
Singular Verb का योग होता है | जैसे – One third of the milk is yet to be sold.
जैसे – Five rupees is a very small amount. Ten percent of the tea is useless.
Two tons of coal is not enough for him. 10 One third of/two third P.C.N. Plural
Six years is a long period. of/the rest of/a
Forty kilometres is a long distance. quarter of/twenty
Sixty metres is not a great height. percent of
Hundred rupees is a big amount for him. जैसे – Three fourths of the books are ready.
22) Relative Pronouns जैसे – who, which, that के पहले Noun or Pronoun Forty percent of the students have passed.
के Number तथा Person के मुतािबक Relative Pronouns के बाद Verb का 11 Most/Most of/Some of S.U.N. Singular
योग होता है | /Half/ Half of
जैसे – The girl who is playing is my daughter. /Enough/Enough
The girls who are playing are my daughters. of/Not enough
It is I who have written this letter. of/plenty of/A lot
Those students also serve the nation who work for the welfare of/Lots of
of the poor. जैसे – Some coffee is available here.
They also need punishment who are responsible for the crime. Half of the land is irrigated.
Vinay is one of my brothers who are working in Tata Press. 12 Most/Most of/Some of P.C.N. Plural
Ajit is one of those who advise me not to attend the class. /Half/ Half of
23) कु छ Noun जो दखने म Singular होते ह, ले कन अथ म Plural होते ह, के साथ /Enough/Enough
of/Not enough
Plural Verb का ही योग होता है | जैसे – dozen, hundred, million,
of/plenty of/A lot
cattle, people, score, thousand, gentry, police, peasantry, company,
of/Lots of
alphabet, progeny, offspring, clergy, infantry ...etc.
जैसे – The cattle are grazing in the field.
जैसे – Half of the mangoes were rotten.
A score were saved by him 13 The Percentage of S.U.N./P.C.N. Singular
Not less than a dozen were injured.
जैसे – The percentage of success was very low.
The people were fully satisfied.
The percentage of expert teachers is very small.
The police are chasing the thieves.
Thousands of students have passed. 14 More than one S.C.N. Singular
Dozens of bananas have been bought. जैसे – More than one girl was absent.
24) Arithmetic के िहसाब (Sums) म Singular or Plural दोन verbs का योग
15 More than P.C.N. Plural
कया जा सकता है, ले कन भाषा म Singular का योग चलन म है
two/three...etc.
जैसे – Five plus five is ten.
जैसे – More than two boys were absent
Two and two make four.
25) A/An + Singular Collective Noun + of + Plural Noun का योग
16 More P.C.N. + than one Plural
Sentence के Subject के प म हो, तो इसके साथ Singular Verb का योग
होता है | जैसे – A class of students, A series of events, A crowd of जैसे – More pens than one were bought
people, A bunch of keys, A flock of sheep, A set of combs, An army 17 The +Adjective Plural Noun Plural
of soldiers, A team of players, A galaxy of stars ..etc. become
जैसे – A herd of oxen is grazing in the field. जैसे – The rich are lazy. The poor are labourious.
A team of players has come here. 18 One or two P.C.N. Plural
जैसे – One or two criminals were sent to jail.
 Syntax
Subject – Verb Agreement
19 The majority/A P.C.N. Plural
majority/ A minority
of
जैसे – The majority of people are traitors.
20 Noun + Preposition Same Noun Singular

जैसे – Woman after woman has come to see my wife.

21 Noting S.U.N./P.C.N. Singular
but/Everything but
जैसे – Nothing but tree was there.
Nothing but trees was there.
Everything but pens was available there.
22 One of + the Plural Noun/Pronoun Singular

जैसे – One of the teachers was labourious.

One of them was a famous singer
23 A Variety of P.C.N. Plural
जैसे – A variety of pleasing objects charm the eyes.
24 The Variety of P.C.N. Singular
जैसे – The variety of items at the dinner was relished by all.
25 All/All of/Not all of P.C.N. Plural
जैसे – All of the students were late.
26 A lot of P.C.N. Plural
जैसे – A lot of my friends want to emigrate.
27 A lot of S.U.N. Singular
जैसे – A lot of time is needed to learn a language.
28 Many a/an S.U.N. Singular
जैसे – Many a religious tradition is followed in India.
Many an orange was rotten.
28 Many P.C.N Plural
जैसे – Many are absent from the class.