88 ] [Pllght GENERAL ENGLISH

(Classt2,
SECTION-C: GRAMMAR

DIRECT AND INDIRECT

SPEECH
1. Direct Speech (Direct Narration)
2. Indirect Speech
(Indirect Narration)
Payal said, "I am playing."
2. Indirect Speechg qhI * 0T aT ( aI) 344 ai z
Payal said that she was
Note : HTH|4 aIlT 3 Direct playing.
Indirect ha
DIRECT SPEECH
Direct Speech fHa YH aà
1. Reporting Verb
f Table 2. Reported Speech
i -
Reporting Verb
Reported Speech
Anjali said, I write a letter."
Piyush said to me, You are a good girl."
Note : Reported Speech l4 ht Inverted Commas (....") Taà I
1. Direct Krish said, "I went to Delhi yesterday."
Indirect: Krish said that he had gone to Delhi the previous day.
2. Direct Krish said to Gita, *You are happy today.
Indirect: Krish told Gita that she was happy that day.
3 Direct Ritu said to me, "Do you play cricket '?
Indirect: Ritu asked me if/whether I played cricket.
B4TE 3ETE{U0 3T1 fHH Table Direct AY Indirect 34R rae
Direct Speech Indirect Speech
1. FHH Inverted Commas (...")
q4 FHÀ Inverted Commas ("...*) 1
2
Reporting Verb IE aH(.) 3 4 T I H( , ) h t that, if If conjunctions

3. Reporting Verb-said to 3441 I said to told gGI TI

 Speech ) [89
Direct And Indirect

PronounYou 3141 ÀI
4
I f61 are hl was ACA TI }I
|fT are Present Tense
|Yesterday a today 3TI I Yesterday Ì the previous day q1
today Ì that day GT TI

Direct She said to me, "Pooja is a dancer.'

Indirect: She told me that Pooja was a dancer.
3T# Direct Speech - She-Subject (Speaker)
said Reporting Verb
me ObjectI
DIRECTINDIRECT Àfrat

Direct Indirect yfrad dHHT Reported Speech alq ö HA H vtdt ad

() Verb Tense ffatt,

(ii) Pronouns yfa.

Verb uftadt
fruu 1: Reporting Verb yfk Present Future Tense d Reported Speech *
1. Direct Mayank says, Alka lives in Delhi.'"
Indirect: Mayank says that Alka lives in Delhi.
2. Direct Anil says to me,"Krish has gone.""
Indirect : Anil tells me that Krish has gone.
3. Direct Suman willsay to him, I have done my work."
Indirect : Suman will tell him that she has done her work.
Note : (i) Reporting Verb
3AIr say to
() aTH qI Inverted Commas (.....) BeA that I EI
EXERCISE-1
1 The teacher
2. My says, "Tagore wrote many beautiful poems."
3. He
father says, "He was afamous flute-player."
says to
4. My Sister Rina, "She stepped on a
snake "
will say, "Major Gagarin circled the earth."
5,
6.
Mother saysSto her sons, Dashrath exiled Ram for fourteen years."
The Times of India says, "There is no loss of life and property."
1.
Mr.. Gupta says to me, "Sonia has done her work."
8. The
9. M My
farmers Say, "The crops have dried up."
10. She teacher says to us, "Girls are going ahead than boys."
will say, "Gita does not attend
frua2:Reporting Verb f Past Tense (31f said/said to )
college."
90 ] [ Filght GENERAL
ENGLISH (Class
(1) Reporting Verb said to Ì told Ct wi
() Reported Speech Tense 4| Verb f Vftat aà
HA. Tense qftatt
Direct Speech Indirect Speech
Present Indefinite Past Indefinite
Past Indefinite Past Perfect
B. Verb Ëyfratt
IS, am, are was, were
was, were had been
has, have had
can
could
may might
will, shall would, should
Modern English /we HIg would 1 RH T4I34CF: 3T9 wilL, sha
Note : tehl was, were IG a 344 verbA AGY fH J6
Direct She said, Anjali was a famous dancer.'
Indirect She said that Anjali was a famous dancer.
Or
She said that Anjali had been a famous dancer.
(ii) 4< was, were 344 Verb alt at 3 had been GI H
Direct Rita said, "He was playing football."
Indirect Rita said that he had been playing football.
Direct
He said, Two persons were killed in police firing."
Indirect He said that two persons had been killed in police fiing
(i)Assertive (ii) Interrogative
(iü) Imperative (iv) Exclamatory
(V) Optative

ASSERTIVE SENTENCES|
Direct The teacher said, "America did not catch Bin
Laden."

Laden.
Indirect The teacher said that America had not caught Bin
2. Direct Poonam said, "Sweta does not go to school.
Indirect Poonam said that Sweta did not go to school. morming.
3 Direct He said to me, "They have been playing since

Indirect He told me that they had been playing since

morning.
 [91
Direct And Indirect Speech)

Direct My father said to mne. "Akash has no money.*

Indirect My father told me that Akash had no money.
Direct My sister said to me. "Sapna was a singer.
Indirect My sister told mne that Sapna was a singer.
6. Direct He said. "It may rain.
Indirect He said that it might rain.
Direct "Kavitasings a sweet song. said Ajay.
Indirect Ajay said that Kavita sang a sweet song.
8 Direct Pankaj said to me, "Payal saw a snake.
Indirect Pankaj told me that Payal had seen a snake.
9. Direct Naresh said to her, "Some birds are flying in the sky."
Indirect Naresh told her that some birds were flying in the sky.
10. Direct He said, "Ritu was singing a sweet song.
Indirect He said that Ritu had been singing a sweet song.
11. Direct Sapna said, "Ravi has done his work. "
Indirect Sapna said that Ravi had done his work.
12. Direct Savita said toRavi, "They cannot dance in the party."
Indirect Savita told Ravi that they could not dance in the party.

Assertive Sentence H-(i)) Reporting Verbsaid i said E i said to

told aca
(ü) Reporting Verb # <31 HI (,) A Quotation Marks (...")

1:-F Reporting Verb à Reported Speech I< G -

Direct "She cannot run fast," said her mother.
Indirect Her mother said that she could not run fast.

EXERCISE-2

Change the following into Indirect Narration :

1. "The Video is fake.'" said Indian army.
é SourCes said, Jaitley went to America for cancer treatment.
3. The BJP did not get clear majority." he said.
4. Rakesh Tikait said, *The sacrifice of women will not go in vain.
J. Police said, The dead body was sent for autospy.
6. P.M.
Narendra Modi said, "Talks and terror cannot go together.'"
I. Mayawati said, The BSP always respects the constitution and law."
8. Police
said to US, "They are investigating the matter."
9. Rahul
Gandhi : Indian government released Mas0od Azhar from jail.""
10. The officials said, *Janta Inter College in Charthawal has been blacklisted,'"
11. "Ritu
has gone away,' said her father.
92) [Flight GENERAL
ENGLISH
12. "The prisoner may go," said the jailor. (Clas -1%
13. The teacher said, "Poonam cannot tell a lie."
14. He said to me, "Chitra will not make tea."
15. She said, "The players were playing in the field."
EXERCISE-3
1. My friend said to me, "She was a very sweet girl."
2 She said, "Ruchi did not write a beautiful poem.'"
3 He said, "Ajay has finished his homework.'"
4 Parul said, It has rained heavily.'"
5 She said, "Akash and Piyush did not bathe in the river.'"
6 Mummy said to me, "She was
changing her dress."
7. Vivek said, "Rani will not go to
Kolkata.'"
8. The horse died in the
night," said he.
9. "She lives in Delhi," her
mother said to me.
10. They said, "The boys have been learning their lessons.
11. They said to us, The terrorists targated Kashmiri
Pandits in 1989 in Jammu
and Kashmir.
12. Chauhan said, "An era in Madhya Pradesh
politics has come to an end."
13. Prime Minister Narendera Modi said, India's
fight is not against Kashmir
but terrorism.'
14. Amit Shah said, 350 terrorists were killed
in the air strike."3
15. Newspaper said, "Medical college has
suspended its six students.
fr4H 3 : af< Reported Speech f Verbs 31 SInà 3À HÂ
ftat Ti ¿id
(Could, Might, Would, Should, Must, Ought, Had, Needn't,
1 Direct The teacher
Used to.)
said, She must not go there at night.
Indirect The teacher said that she must not go
2 Direct We said to him, The militants there at night.
Indirect We told him that the militants could escape.
could
3. Direct Seema said, "Harsh would bathe escape.
Indirect Seema said that Harsh would bathedaily.""
4. Direct daily.
Her mother said, "She might
Indirect Her mother said that she open the secret.
might open the secret.
EXERCISE-4
Change the following into Indirect
(Based on--Cold, Might, Speech:
1. Must, Should, Ought)
They said, "The rich should
2. He said, "She must not tease the poor.'
3
go there at once.'
We said, "She would
go to temple
4 He said to me,
*Mayank could
everyday.
5
The teacher said, "Milon defeat him."
fre 4: ufR Reported Speech À could not write
f4 aId YË poemsTI dueReporting Verb YaATe Pas)
to his blinane
Direct And Indirect Speech ] [93

)HTA1 H (Universal truth)

(i) ag harda (Proverb)
(ii) 3TG (Habitual action) (iv) fEIfMA T (Historical truth)

1. Direct The teacher said, The earth is round." (HI4TA H)

The teacher said that the earth is round.
Indirect
2. Direct My father said to me, "Dogs bark at strangers." (31GG)
Indirect Myfather told me that dogs bark at strangers.
Direct My father said to me, "Honesty is the best policy.'" (#EJAA)
3
Indirect My father told me that honesty is the best policy.
My teacher said, India became free in 1947." (faaify qg)
4. Direct
Indirect My teacher said that India became free in 1947.

5. Direct She said to me, As she boarded the train, it started.

Indirect She told me that as she boarded the train, it started.

(i) HH H (Universal truth) (ii) halaT (Proverb)

(ii) 31G (Habitual action) (iv)ufagTfr T (Historical truth)

1. The earth rotates on its exis.

2. The earth pulls everything towards it. yt g 3y 3i d a
3. Slow and steady wins the race.
4. Dogs bark at strangers.
5. Time and tide wait for none.
6. Truth wins in the end.
7. Indira Gandhi was shot dead in 1984. feT ie Ì H 1984 SI
8. India got freedom in 1947. HRA 1947 3AHI fA ti
9.26th January is ared letter day in the 26 a RtT fAERH HEi
history of India.
10. Gandhiji died in 1948.
I1. Barkingdogs seldom bite.
12. Time once lost never
returnS.
13. Smoking is injurious to health.
14. Man cannot live
without air.
15. When cat is away, the
mice play.
16. Forests prevent
soil
17. The Janets move erosion.
18. Two and two round the sun.
make four.
19. The sun
rises in the east.
 [ Flight GENERAL
ENGLISH
94] (Clas -1
20. To err is human.
ball of fire.
21. The sun is a big
the sun.
22. The earth moves round
EXERCISE-5

Change the following sentences into Indirect Speech:

(Based on (i) Universal truth (i) Proverbs (ii) Habitual action (iv)
truth) Historica
1. The speaker said, "Forests prevent soil erosion."
2. The teacher said, "The planets move round the sun."
3. The sun rises in the east," said my father.
4. My mother said, Truth wins in the end,'"
5. The teacher said,Two and two make four."
6. My sister said, "Slow and steady wins the race.'"
7. The hermit said, "Soul never dies."
8. Mummy said, "Time once lost never returns."
9. "Change is the law of nature," said my friend.
10. The earth moves round the sun," said our teacher.
11. She said to me, "Indira Gandhi was shot dead in 1984."
12. My father said, "Man cannot live without air and water.'"

PRONOUN À Yat
Reported Speech AIs Second Person Pronouns a Reporting Verb * Subject
Pronouns yradt a f s f Rule Ght E T
SON S,0=h4RE R.V, Sub
1 23 1, 2,3= RE R.S. FI IIA IIrd Person Pronouns
First Person PronounsR.V. * Sub h
Second Person Pronouns-R.V. Ob à HT
47HR
Third Person No change 1q Ilird Person
Pronouns 1ai qct l
(A) Reported Speech Tr First
1. Direct Person Pronouns :
She said to me, "I am a
Indirect She told me that she singer.
was a
You said to Pooja, "I have singer.
2 Direct
Indirect done my work.
3 You told Pooja that you had
Direct done your work.
Indirect They said to me, "We shall
play a match.
4 Direct They told me that they
would play a matcn.
Indirect Ihey said to me, "We shall
complete our work.
(B) Reported Speech They told me that they would complete their work.
5. Direct 3 Second
Person
Ajay said to me, You Pronouns :
Indirect
6
Direct Ajay told me that I are a good boy.
Indirect Isaid to Shilpa, was a good boy.
Itold Shilpa thatYou lost your pen.
she had lost her pen.
 pirect And Indirect Speech) [95

7 Direct She said, "Youare a thief.'"

Indirect She said that Iwas a thief.
OR, She said that he was a thief.
C) Reported Speech Third Person Pronouns :
8. Direct He said tome, "Swatiwas singing a song."
Indirect He told me that Swatihad bcen singing a song.
Direct Father said, "They will do their work.'"
Indirect Father said that they would do their work.
Note : GR.V. said I Object A4 34t Hta TT4R 34 T1
me. him, her, boys, girls 3G F3 HIH a JA0 # AHR R.S. ("...".) 34TU Second
Person Pronoun t T I ( al-7)
(D) Reporting Verb Subject TH s Yt fohtt HHGR-Ya I 4 f
Reported Speech Subject-we Ì It G
Direct: The Times of Indiasaid, "We are not responsible for any error in the
publication of the result."
Indirect:The Times of Indiasaid that it was notresponsible for any error in the
publication of the result.
Reported Speech T we h1 g yt H7g GIfA frs a 34 aIRA
Direct : The saint said, "We all are the social animals.
Indirect : The saint said that we all are the social animals.
Pronouns Ttat fs frffaa Table t EUK HT
Pronouns Table

Person Subject Object Possessive Form Self-Form

IPerson me my mine myself
We us Our Ours ourselves
II Person You you your yours yourself/
yourselves
III Person He him his his himself
She her her hers herself

They them their theirs themselves

It
its its itself
Note : I II
Person h Pronouns h sga gH II Person Pronouns
EXERCISE-6
Change the following
1. The girls said to sentences into Indirect Speech :
the police, *"Some goons are chasing us.""
 [ FIight GENERAL ENGLISH
96] (Class-1
"We will launch an indefinite hunger strike from
2. Kejriwal said on twitter,
March l.*"
Mother said, lam proud of my son.
willnot support the BJPp:
Mayawatisaid in a tweet, "My party
not released, we will launch DL
Dalit activists said, If our leaders are
Bandh,'*
partner."
Akash said to Neelam, "Iam your life
my life."
7 Ritu said to Ravi, I love you more than
He said. "I have completed my wor."
9. He said to Seema, "I like your black dress."
10. The teacher said to us, "I can't help you."
11. My father said, You have no experience of life."
12. She said to Vijay, "You are my guide.
13. He said to his sister, "I shall take you to college."
14. Kavita said, He did not send my reply."
15. He said to me, Iam not your slave."
16. My sister said, I saw a horrible dream."
17. Savitrisaid to Satyavan, "I want to marry you."
18. The boys said, "We were going to our college."
19. He said, "She gave me non-stop kicks."
20. He said, "I will kill you and your family."

Direct Indirect Direct Indirect

This That Tomorrow The next day
These Those Thus So
Here There Yesterday The previous day/the day before
Now Then The previous (year, night)
Last (year, night)
Just Then The following (year, day)
Next (year, day)
Ago Before Come here Go there
Today That day Note : Come h Go gÌ Gà y
Tonight That night
frutfgH Examples ëg uftadt HA
Direct She said, "Kavita sings this
Indirect: She said that Kavita sang thatsong.
song.
2. Direct
Yousaid to me, "'l shall go today."
Indirect You told me that you would go that day.
3 Direct
Anjali said to him, "I visited the Tai Mahal last year."

Indirect : Anjali told him that she had visited the Taj Mahal tne
previous year.
 And Indirect Speech ] (97
Direct

He said to me, "I went to Delhi yesterday.""

4 Direct
Indirect: He toldme that he had gone to Delhi the previousday.
Direct
Ritusaid, "I shall attend the party tomorrow.'"
5
Indirect: Ritu said that she would attend the party the next day.
6.
Direct He said to me, "Mysister has topped the college thisyear.'"
Indirect: Hetold ime that his sister had topped the college that year.
7. Direct "The students may go home now, "said the Principal.
The Principal said that the students might go home then.
Indirect :
Note: Direct Speech 4 Gthis, here, now fit t 4, FI7 YI HHY t eha

Direct Rahul said, This is my bike.'"

Indirect Rahul said that this was his bike.
Direct She said, "Here is my mobile."
Indirect : She said that here was her mobile.
fat Ritu said, "I cannot bear this insult.'*
Ritu said that she could not bear that insult. (48Í This insult zHR HI4iB)
EXERCISE-7
Change the following sentences into Indirect Narration :
1. The police said, "She killed herself last night."
2. My father said to us, "Prices rise are going up these days."
3. The children said, "We shall watch the film Baji Rao Mastani."
4. He said, "Kavita faced an interview yesterday."
5. My father said to me, "You are growing up lazy these days."
6. "Sarika is leaving for Shimla tomorrow," said my friend.
7. Sania said, "I came to this village long ago."
8. He said to his mother, I shall not do this work now."
9. The students said, "We are going to the hill station next week."
10. The farmer said, "It rained heavily tonight."
11. He said, "My sister did not come a week ago."
12. She said, "My father saw a tiger yesterday."
12. He said, I heard this news on radio last night."
My father said, "I have never seen such ahuge gathering like this,"
15. The boys said, "We
can get these books now in the market."
|2. INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES
A. I-Type
I. Do you play Helping Verb y aà , t -
cricket? 2. Have you seen the wind?
1. B.What
II-Typedo Question Word yE a à , -
vou want?
Note: Shorttform 2. Where do you live?
àHelping Verb tH.V. TUT Question Word aat o.w. frGT T
 [ Flight GENERAL
ENGLISH
98]
(Clas -1g
1. Direct He said to me, "Are you a great poet ?3
Indirect : He asked me if/whether Iwas a great poet.
2. Direct Chitra said, "Did Ritu visit the Red Fort yesterday?
Indirect : Chitra asked if Ritu had visited the Red Fort the previous d..
3. Direct She said to me, "Can you touch the sky?**
Indirect : She asked (enquired of) me if/whether I could touch the sky.
4. Direct :Mummy said to Gita, "Have you not taken tea today?*
Indirect : Mummy asked (enquired of) Gita if/whether she had not taken
tea that day.
5. Direct : She said to me, Will you not listen to me ?"'
Indirect She asked me iflwhether I should not listen to her.
6. Direct "Were the players playing yesterday ?"" saidthe captain.
Indirect : The captain asked if/whether the players had been playing the
previous day.
7. Direct : He said, "Ruchi, id you watch T.V. last night?"
Indirect : He asked Ruchiif/whether she had watched T.V. the previous night.
B. II Type (Q.W. YE a aI a )
1 Direct Akash said to me, Where do you live now?"*
Indirect : Akash asked/enquired of me where I lived then.
2. Direct Parul said to me, What is your name?""
Indirect : Parul asked/enquired of me what
my name was.
3. Direct : We said to the station master, "When will the train arrive?
Indirect : We enquired of the station master when the train would arrive.
4. Direct He said to the girl, "Howcan you solve this sum?
Indirect : He asked the girl how she could solve that
sum,
5. Direct : The king said to the dacoit, "Why did you
kill the
innocent people?"*
Indirect : The king asked the dacoit why he had killed the
6. Direct Isaid to him, *Who are you innocent peop
Indirect : Iasked him who he was and and where are you going?
where he
7. Direct :Why do you not play now?"" said thewas going.
Indirect : The captain asked why I captain.
Reported Speech HTA Q.W. did not play then.
Assertive IÀ }I ¥ Conjunction
Note : yA Interrogative qlFi à Indirect G fers fHH Table 1

Int.
Conjunction aTd

I-Type Conjunction
asked/enquired i iflwhether Assertive
II-Type
asked/enquired Question word Assertive
 Speech ) [99
Direct And Indirect
eài
aruft (i) R.V. said/said to l asked l enquired
Gi) -Type a Conjunction y whetherfr
(iüi) 1-Type
(iv) Conjunction Question mark (?)
gIT Full Stop (.
) TaI

Some Important Points

Direct :My sister said to me, 'Do you like coffee or tea?""
Indirect : Mysister asked me whether Iliked coffee or tea.

Direct : Kunal said to Anjali Will you marry me?""

Anjali said, Yes."
Indirect : Kunal asked Anjali whether she would marry him. Anjali agreed.
(T accepted).OR, Anjalisaid that she would. OR, Anjali replied that she would marry him
OR, Anjali replied in the affirmative.
Direct Ritu said to her father, "Do you take tea daily?""
No."" said her father.
Indirect : Rituasked her father whether/if he took tea daily.
Her father denied/refused / disagreed/ did not agree.
OR, Her father replied that he did not.
OR, Her father replied in the negative.
Note : 3fagrt Yes fers replied in the affirmative No frs replied in the

Direct : My father said to me, You have to go to Jaipur tomorrow. Have you
enough money with you?""
*Yes, Ihave enough money," said 1.
Indirect My father reminded me that Ihad to go to Jaipur the next day and
asked if I had enough money with me.
Direct Ireplied that I had enough money with me.
Kitusaid to her husband, Will you buy a new saree for me?
No, I'l not buy as I am out of pocket these days,'" said her husband.
Indirect: Ritu asked her husband if he
would buy a new saree for her.
Her husband said that he would
not buy as he was out of pocket those days.
HA YG2 Indirect Speech ÀgT Subject
III Person Pronouns RÌ Ai
 (Flight GENERAL ENGLISH ((Class-12,
100]

Direct Parul said, "What shall Ido with money. mom:

Indirect : Parul asked her mom what she should do with money.
EXERCISE-8
IType (Int.)
Change the following sentences into Indirect Speech:
I. She said to her daughter, "Did vou lock the front door ?
difficulties ?""
2. Nishasaid to Ravi, WillI you help me in my
Ashok.
3. Can you answer this question 2" the teacher asked
4. Anjali said to us, "Are you going to cinema tonight
5. They said, "Shall we enjoy the party tomorrow
her husband.
6. "Do you believein God?"she said to her husband."No,"replied
1. "Is this the way to the Sangam ?"" The pilgrim asked the policeman.
8. "Will you be here for the next five minutes ? she said, Yes," l answered.(2004)
9. Isaid to the guest, *Are you comfortable here ?" (2007)
10. She said, "Can youtell me the way to the nearest hotel ? (2007)
EXERCISE-9

I Type (D. Int.)

Change the following sentences into Indirect Speech:
1. Pankaj said to Raja, "Where did you stay last night?"
2 The passenger said, "When will the train leave today?"
3 He said to me, "What are you doing in this room?""
4 Edison asked his teacher, "How do the birds fly in the
sky?""
5. Why was the baby crying?"he said to his wife.
6. My sister said to me, "What will
you do with this money?"
7 He said to her, "What can I do
for you?""
She said to me, "Why are you
9. standing here now?"
What shall I do, father ?"* he said.
10. *Why didyou not come to
school
yesterday?"" asked the teacher. (2005)

1Type and II Type-Mixed) EXERCISE-10

1. The doctor said
2. My friend
to the patient, "Do
you smoke
3. The stranger
asked his wife,
"Which car do you lhke
cigarette?""
4. The
said to me, "Can you
tell me the way to
most?"
policeman
5. The teacher said to me, "Who are you the station?
and what is your
6. He said to said, "Who will not read this
1. She said her sister, "Do you read chapter today ?" name
8. The
to him,
"What is the matterthe Times of India everyday ?
9. The
teacher said to the ?""
politician said to the students, *Who was the
10. The doctor people, greatest Mughal Emperor?"
11. The said to me, "Who
"Do you go for a will vote for me?"
doctor
12, The man said to the patient,
"How morning walk daily
13. Mother said to the station master, often do vou take tea
said to her will the next dailyarrive?"
daughter, "Will "When
they attend the train
party tomorrow
 Speech ] [101
And Indirect
Direct

you know her name?:

4 He said to me, "Do
you pay for this pen?:
1s He asked me, '"How much did
IMPERATIVE SENTENCES

Sentences f Y a yoe ad -
Imperative
1T/3TGT (Order) yrTfaTt (Request)
HCIE (Advice) q (Prohibition)
Yoci ò qH tà
: Reporting Verb (said/said to) Ì 41a * 37HR fH
Owdered/commanded (341¢/fN fe), advised (HGIE ), requested/begged
(h)I
Ta), forbade (HI f6), warned (aet ), asked
aa t Sub (you) føur T T r y Ià
YVerb ht I form YE B i -
1. Affirmatve : 4
1. Stand up. 2. Open the door.
3. Please go there. 4. Always speak the truth.
Please a Always 61 yT V. I form Y t
2. Negative : Do not Never Y5 a
1. Do not play here. 2. Never tell a lie.
frT Examples rT qf
(A) 3gT/3TT (Order) :
1. DirectThe teacher said to us, Stand up."
Indirect : The teacher ordered us to stand up.
2. Direct The master said to the servant, "Do this work."3
Indirect The master ordered the servant to do that work.
3. Direct : The Principal said, "Sit down, boys."
Indirect The Principal ordered the boys to sit down.
4. Direct The Captain said, Fire.'"
Indirect The Captain ordered his soldiers to fire.
5. Direct : The boy said to his father, "Give me five rupees.'"
Indirect The boy asked his father to give him five rupees.
6. Direct :"Call the first witness," said the judge.
Indirect : The judge commanded (ordered) them to call the first witness.
(B) yrtfart (Request) :
7. Direct
:She said to me, "Please wait here till I return.'"
Indrect : She requested me to wait there till she returned.
8. Direct
:Isaid to him, "Please don't disturb me."
Indirect :Irequested him ot to disturb me.
9.
Direct : She said to the teacher. "Sir, mark me present."
Indirect
10. Direct
: She requested the teacher to mark her present.
:The peon said to the manager, "Kindly grant me leave.
AAIndirect:The peon requested the manager to grant him leave.
Please,, Kindly a Sir g I ya yohe
 [ Flight GENERAL ENGLISH
102 ] (Class
(C) HIS (Advice) : "Be honest.
: My mother said to me.
11. Direct honest.
advised me to be
Indirect :My mother time.
Take medicine on
:The doctor said, time
patient to take medicine on
12. Direct
The doctor advised the
Indirect :
cheat anyone.
13. Direct Isaid to Ravi, "Never
neverto cheat anyone.
Indirect : Iadvised Ravi truth.
"Always speak the
14. Direct My father said to us. the truth.
advised us always to speak
Indirect :My father

D. 4G¥ Prohibition) : not play in the sun.

15. Direct Mother said to her child, "Do
Mother forbade her child to play
in the sun.
Indirect
not to play in the sun
OR, Mother advised/warned her child
"Don't sit here.'""
16. Direct She said to her servant,
there.
Indirect She forbade her servant to sit
not to sit there.
OR, She ordered/warned her servant
noise.'
17. Direct The teacher said, "Boys, don't make a
make a noise.
Indirect The teacher forbade the boys to

1. R.V. said/said to Ya (Sense) 3414R MH Y À GT -

ordered (3T¢T fa), commanded (3¢/MCI fE), asked (hI) re
quested/begged (gA/fAT )advised (HIg o forbade (H fhY) warned (tdei

2. Forbade H1g not 1gi 3GI AqE Negative N I

3. Inverted Commas (....") z qé ari V a I form à to feral

5. Always I Never 3À W FTH gT IG to fri

6. 1GAI HaG Na0 -Please, Kindly YI Sir a eI I
7. qA Do not 6 Do not h said/said to forbade
AYGT Do not Do #Ì eR.V. Ya (Sense) 344{-ordered, advised f
aca 2l (2d ar4 15, 16, 17)
Note : 1-ReportedàSSpeech freî af
Verb l Object q
qEafa fas e sÀ Reporu
Direct : She said, "Sit here, Pooja."
Indirect She asked Pooja to sit there. OR, She ordered Pooja to sit there.

2-4 3T4 fa Direct Speech

4 4R A
Direct
Wife said to her husband, "Bring a new saree for
Indirect me
Direct
Wife asked her husband to bring a new saree for her.
The servant said to the master. "Give me my
Indirect salary"
The servant asked the master to give him his
salary.
 And Indirect Speech ] [103
Direct

EXERCISE-11

Indirect Speech :
Change the following sentences into
1 The teacher said to the boys, "Sit down,"
The saint said to his pupils. "Follow the path of truth.
: Mysister said, "Shut down the computer."
4 The voice said to Yudhishithira. Answer my questions."
5 Manager said to the
clerk, '"Leave my cobin at once.
6 The speaker said to the
hearers, "Listen to me please."
7 The commander said to the soldiers, "March ahead,'"
Do not drive scooty speedly," said Ito Rita.
o The landlady said to the tenant, "Quit the house at once.
10. The people said to the widow, "Have patience and stop weeping."
11. "Bring a hot cup of tea," said the guest.
12. He said to the stranger, "Take courage."
13. The prisoner said to the judge, *"Do not send me to jail, please."
14. Mummy said, "Do not play in the sun.
15. The doctor said, "Never take oily food."
16. Mother said to her child, "Goto bed early."
EXERCISE-12

Change the following sentences into Indirect Speech :

1. The teacher said, Add two and two."
2. Father said, "Do not talk nonsense.
3. She said, "Do not disturb me in my studies, please."
4. My father said, "Do it again."
5. Kavita said to Amar, "Lend me your fountain pen please."
6. Master said to the servant, "Get out at once.
7. He said, "Do not waste your time."
8. "Fill in the blanks," said Madam to the students.
9. The city magistrate said to the police, Fire."
10. The begger said to the farmer, "Please, give me something to eat."

|Let yaLet us aIt AIT

Let
[AJ Let: :
1. Direct (Request)
The child said to his mother, "Let me play.'"
Indirect The child requested his mother to let him play.
2. Direct
She said to me, "Let me sleep now."
3.
Indirect
Direct She requested me to let her sleep then.
He shouted, "Let me go.
Indirect He shouted to let him go.
Note
P.C.Wren shouted à t tatr i faTt
104 ) [ Fllght GENERAL ENGLISH
(Class-t;
(ii) Let : (Order) TEYT
4. Direct The Principal said to the peon, "Let him come in.»
Indirect The Principal ordered the peon to let him come in
5. Direct The captain said, "Let them go.""
Indirect : The captain ordered to let them go.
read."
6. Direct Mother said to me Let Kavita

Indirect Mother asked me to let Kavita read.

qrt fafur (3T¢YT ) :
7. Direct The king said, "Let the prisoner be set free.'»
Indirect The king ordered that the prisoner should be set free.
8. Direct He said to his peon, "Let nobody enter the office "
Indirect He ordered his peon that nobody should enter the office
[B] Let us : (Proposa/Suggestion) (Y4IaAA):
1. Direct The girls said, Let us enjoy our holidays freely.'"
Indirect The girls proposed that they should enjoy their holidays freely.
2. Direct Isaid, "Let'stake bath in this holy river."
Indirect Iproposed that we should take bath in that holy river.
3. Direct Ritu said, Let's not walk in the lawn.'"
Indirect Ritu suggested that they should not walk in the lawn.
4. Direct He said, Let us play."
Indirect He suggested/proposed that they should play.
5. Direct She said to Chitra, "Let us go for a walk.'"
Indirect She proposed to Chitra that they should go for a walk.
OR, She suggested to Chitra that they should go for a walk.
6. Direct Ravi said, Let us eat some sweets.
Indirect Ravi suggested that they should eat some sweets.
7. Direct Manu said to me, "Let us take soft drink."
Indirect Manu proposed to me that we should take soft drink.
8. Direct :"Let's go to watch the film,"" said I. Let's not." said my wife.
Indireet :
Ipropósed to my wife that we should go to watch the film but
my wife objected.
OR Isuggested to my wife that we should go to watch uio
film but she was against it.

1. R.V. said suggested Y proposed

2. Inverted Commas GT ¿I
h that fral
3. Let us T Reporting Verb Subject * ATHR We should, Theyshoud

Note : 1 R.V. ham Sub faur Ì obi. , taT -

 Speech ] [105
Direct And Indirect

a) gf R.,V. I Sub-I We at We shouldfo

#) afà R.V, #I Sub- 1 Third Person (He, She, Thcy, Sita 3TIfE) They
should fer
2. TR.V. Sub a Obj. fa ai,rft yn
) uft R.V. Sub YI Obj. 0 0$ y5Iperson a We should f I
(i) afa R.V. Sub Obj. 1 & I person 1sÈ They should

ii) af f ty T a / G 3R Let's not 34| STr AT Indirect ò3À objected

T I( q8)
was against

Some More Important Points

Direct The servant said to me, *Let me go home.

Indirect: The servant requested me to let him go home.
OR, The servant requested me that he might be allowed to go home.
(ü) f Reported Speech l H-Let there be 3A Indirect Àthere
should be YE tI G
1. Direct The sage said, "Let there be peace in the world."
Indirect: The sage wished that there should be peace in the world.
2. Direct She said, Let there be no talk about Rita.'"
Indirect: She advised that there should be no talk about Rita.
3 Direct The teacher said to the boys, "Let there be no noise in the class." *
Indirect: The teacher advised the boysthat there should be no noise in
the class.
(ii) R.V. E YG q4R wished, advised, requested, begged <T I
EXERCISE-13

Change into Indirect Speech :

1. "Let us go to cinema," said Mary.
2 He saíd to his father, Let me play here.""
3. "Let us wait for the train," I said to her.
4
Ayushi said, "Let us drink soft drinks.'
J. "Let them walk in the park,"he said to me.
0. The Principal said, "Lt the boys go home."
1. The little boy shouted, Let me go.
Þ. My wife said, *Let me buy new bangles.
9
She said, "Don't let him enter the room.'
10. The beggar said, "Let me have apiece of bread."
11. The students
12. Anjali said
said, "Let us wait for the result."
tO me, Let me speak first."
13. Socrates said, Let me die like a
14. "Let us have brave man.
15. My father saidsome light music."" said Razia to her friend.
to me, "Let us not miss the golden chance this time.'"
 [ Flight GENERAL ENGLISH
106]
(Class-t
16. She said, Let us go on apicnic tomorrow.
17. The officer said, Let nobody come late."
18. He said, Let there be no inguiry into my case.
19. The patient said to me, "Let me take rest.
20. Mother said, "Let the baby sleep.
(faryaTY Ta)
EXCLAMATORY SENTENCESs

Exclamatory Sentences 37 aIi HYA YHe ard

at
Alas! Hurrah! Bravo! How/What a 3A YIoct hl y
Reported Speech YTa 3 R Reporting Verb (said/said to) Ì f ER

Alas! 34-H exclaimed with sorrow (a)

Hurrah! 31 exclaimed with joy (qit)
Bravo! 3TA Applauded + Obj. +t saying (RA)
How/What a 31 R exclaimed (3INT) YI
exclaimed with surpriseljoy (G * 3qK)
Inverted Commas cht That + Assertive qlGY fai
faffeT Examples
1 Direct She said, "Alas! I am ruined,'"
Indirect She exclaimed with sorrow that she was ruined.
2 Direct The players said, Hurrah! We have won the match."
Indirect The players exclaimed with joy that they had won the match.
3 Direct The captain said, "Bravo! You have played well."
Indirect The captain applauded me saying that I had played wel.
OR, The captain praised the players saying that they had played we
4. Direct Ritu said, "What a fool you are!'"
Indirect Ritu exclaimed thatIwas a great
fool.
OR, Ritu exclaimed with surprise that he was
5. Direct a great fool.
She said, "How fat you are!""
Indirect She exclaimed that I was
very fat.
OR, She exclaimed with surprise
6 Direct that I was very tat.
My friend said, "What a beautiful
Indirect My friend exclaimed that rainbow in the sky!
was a very beautiful rainbow in thesky.
OR, My friend exclaimed with
7. Direct beautiful rainbow in the sky. surprise/ioy that it was a vely
He said, "What a man
Indirect: He exclaimed that you are!""
Iwas a strange
man. that I was aStrange/great
OR, He exclaimed with surpriselwonder
man.
8
Direct He said,
Indirect What a fool I am!"
He exclaimed with
regret that he was a great
fo0l.
 Speech) [107
Direct And Indirect

Dirt The farmer said, "How unlucky I am!""

Indirect The farmer exclaimed that he was very unlucky.
OR, The farmer exclaimed with regret that he was very unlucky.
10. Direct She said to the peon, *How silly and careless you are!"
Indirect She exclaimed with anger that the peon was very silly and careless.
I1. Direct "Sorry,I have done this mistake,"She said.
Indirect She exclaimed with regret that she had done that mistake.
12. Direct My wife said to me. *How nice you are!'
Indirect: My wife exclaimed with joy that I was very nice.
OR, My wife exclaimed that Iwas very nice.
13. Direct He said. What a dreadful night!"
Indirect He exclaimed that it was a very dreadful night.
OR, He exclaimed that the night was very dreadful.
14. Direct Rina said to me, *How sweetly you sing!"
Indirect Rina exclaimed that Isang very sweetly.
OR, Rina applauded (praised) me saying that I sang very sweetly.
15. Direct Good Heavens! I have found my lost mobile, "' said Shilpa.
Indirect Shilpa exclaimed with surprise that she had found her lost mobile.
16. Direct She said, Alas! How foolish I have been.'*
Indirect She confessed with regret that she had been very foolish.
OR, She exclaimed with regret that she had been very foolish.
17. Direct He said, "What a fall!""
Indirect He exclaimed with sorrowthat it was a great fall.
18. Direct Curse it!" exclaimed the driver, Who could have foreseen such
illluck 9"
Indirect The driver exclaimed with an oath that none could have
foreseen
such ill-luck.

)Indirect aIà H44Alas! Hurrah! Bravo! 3f I i

t geIHI(Ga-a 1,2, 3)
(2) lnverted Commas eT-that + Assertive
(3) How/what aI frgc 3 Afull stop (.)TarEI
IG 3 verylgreat ci (aGY 4, 5,6)
(i) How/w.:at a
g KYf Adjective 3À hat very GTA (aH 5,6)
(i) What a
I< Yf Noun 3 (Adjective ) 3À Ya (Sense) h 344HR-
grealgrand/strange
0) Exclaimed with
Exclaimed withcontempt-yUTfRrGAT)
regret< 374544qyaraq) (arY do 8,9, 11, 16)
Exclaimed
(5) Good with anger-( /TT) (q jo 10)
( aj Heavens! Good Gracious! ( T! ) fers Exclaimed with surprise frat
(6) f R.S, io 15)
are Sub a syà yHsf Noun/Pronoun
 [Flight GENERAL ENGUSH

108]
beautíful!*
"How
Direct He said, very
beautiful.
that it was
He exclaimed
arH # Y # 3A7 Tconfessei
Indirect a4Z
Z AA ,
( ) arP< o 16 Alas!
with regretf a 4 R.V.
iexclaimed with s0TIO
gret/exclaimed
34H4NfaIAlas!
3414
1a
(8) lY o 17
E X E R C I S E - 1 4

Speech :
into Indirect
following sentences
Change the said my friend.
morning it is!"" orld Cup.
1. What a fine
Indian team has won the
2. The people
said, "Hurrah!
dog is dead.'
The old lady said, "Alas! My You have done
well."
3. soldiers. Bravo!
said to the
4. The captain time.
Alas! Ihave wasted my
5. She said, is!'"
How beautiful
the Taj Mahal
6. They said, "Bravo! Welldone.
The captain said
to the players, is!""
7. beautiful flower this
Alkasaid, What a
8. are undone.
cried, 'Alas! We
9. The farmers is!*
saint said, What acreation man
10. The
late.""
said, *Sorry, I am
11. The student idea!""
said, "What an
12. My friend Sonia
13. She said, What a man you are!"" success.
said to the boys, "Bravo! You have got great
14. The teacher today!"*
said to her husband, 'How handsome youlook
15. The wife
EXAMINATION PAPERS
(20:

1. How pretty you are! said the fox to the crow. (200

2. Suraj : What a beautiful picture! (2005

3. Manju said, Howclever I am!'" (2005

division in the I. Sc."
4. Rahul said, Hurrah! Ashok has a first
5. They said, Hurrah! We have won the cricket match.""
OPTATIVE SENTENCES

Optative Sentences--7A f4 MA yehe ard -

(A) said/said to t TT (Sense) à 3T4R aGTA (3T9fat;)

1. Wished (F1, YYhT4T) 2. Blessed (3 r f T T )
3. Prayed (grr, $grà) 4. Cursed
*Conjunction that 1 I
Examples :
1. Direct My mother said to me, "May you get great
S u c c e s s ! " ?
 Indirect
Speech 1 [109
pirect And

Indirect My mother wished that Imight get great success.

OR, My mother blessedthat Imight get great success.
OR, Mymother wished (blesscd) me that I might get
great success.

Direct The saint said to me, May God pardon this sinner!'"
Indirect The saint prayed that God might pardon that sinner.
3 Direct "Long live the prince!" cried the people.
Indirect: The people wished that the prince might live long.
4. Direct She said, "May you go to hell!"
Indirect She cursed that I (he) might go to hell.
Direct The hermit said, "God bless you!"
The hermit prayed that God might bless me.
Indirect :
aàq al HE May ETd Tl (ii) do 5 Mayfs g3I
(ü) May might G G I
(B) rfrarc&G facig
(i) Good morning, Good evening, Good day, Happy Diwali 341f 3fyarcT Y#

() Good night,Goodbye, Farewell 31f fGTE HYE Ioi fs-Bade 1y HI

6. Direct She said to me, Good morning.

Indirect : She wished me good morning.
OR,She wished good morning to me.
7. Direct She said to her friend, Happy Christmas!""
Indirect She wished her friend happy Christmas.
OR, She wished happy Christmas to her friend.
8. Direct Ritu said tome, Good evening, sir.""
Indirect Ritu wished me respectfully good evening.
OR, Ritu wished good evening to me respecfully.
9. Direct Anjali said, *Good night, Payal!"
Indirect Anjali bade Payal good night.
OR, Anjali bade good night to Payal.
10. Direct He said to his friend, "Good bye!""
Indirect He bade his friends good bye.
OR, He bade good bye to his friends.
CO 6)Congratulation! ht congratulated +Obj. +on actI
(ii) Thanks/Thank you thanked qci
11. Direct
He said, "Congratulation!You have got a son."
Indirect He congratulated me ongetting a son.
12. Direct
She said, Thank youvery much for the gift!""
Indirect She thanked me very much for the gift.
If.. .were, O!(strong desire) ychc
that, would that....! O! for ....... 3ATA W said wished I
Conjuncion-that
13. Direct l
She said, IfIwere a queen!
Indirect: She wished that she were aqueen.
 [Flight GENERAL ENGLISH
110]
queen.
(Class-12)
OR,She wished that she had been a
OR, She wished that she would
be a queen.
14. Direct He said, "0! that Iwere a king.
king.
Indirect : He wished that he were a
OR, He wished that he had been
a king.
king.
OR, He wished that he would be a
15. Direct Ravisaid to me, Would that Thad not accepted the invitatios
invitation.
Indirect Raviwished that he had notaccepted the
16. Direct She said, 0!for acup of tea."
Indirect : She wished for a cup of tea.
OR,She wished that she had a cup of tea.
alY jo 13, 14 were had been/would be HT Tia H H t ( sf

EXERCISE-15

Change the following sentences into Indirect Speech :

1. She said, "Ofor a cup of coffee!"
2. The saint said to her, "May you live long!"
3. The people said, "Long live our king!""
4. The woman said, "May you die of cancer!"9
5. They said, *May his soul rest in peace!'*
6. She said to Gita, "Long live our friendship!"
7. The beggar said, "May you be ruined!""
She said, May you have a good wife!""
9 Ritu said to me, "Happy new year!
10. She said to her friend, "Good night!"
11. He said, IfIwere a leader!'*
12. He said, "Goodbye, my countrymen!"
13. The beggar said, "May God bless you with a son!"9
14. The leader said, May this country be
prosperous!
15. My friend said tome, May you lead a happy
16. He said, "Good morning, dear ladies life!""
and
17. The little girl said, If Iwere the Chief gentlemen!"
18. Swati said to her friend, Minister of U.P.!"
19. The teacher said, "May "Congratulation! you have got a go0d jo0.
God give you great wisdom."
20. My teacher said,
"Congratulation! you have won the first prize.
SOME IMPORTANT POINTS

(1) Indirect 4de HH4

Reporting Verb-said/told
Promised, informed, taught, warned, complained, stated, explained, added
reminded, threatened, assured,
1. Direct admitted,
She saidto me, declared, protested, remarked
Indirect Iwill meet you
: She
promised tomorTOW.
me that she would meet me the next day.
 Speech 1 [111
Direct And Indirect

Direct : The teacher said, Two and two make four,"

Indirect The teacher taught that two and two make four.
3. Direct : Hesaid, Ihave killed my wife.'"
Indirect He admitted that he had killed his wife.
4. Direct The terrorist said to the passengers, "Iwill shoot you.'"
Indirect : The terrorist threatened the passengers that he would shoot them.
(2) Sir Madam HA respectfully 1 ytn if
5. Direct The girl said to me, Ido not know you, sir."
Indirect : The girl told me respectfully that she did not know me.
6. Direct The boy said, What can I do for you, madam?""
Indirect : The boy asked her respectfully what he could do for her.
OR, The boy respectfully asked her what he could do for her.
7. Direct He said to the manager, *Good morning, Sir!""
Indirect: He wished the manager good morning respectfully.
(3) InvertedCommas ("...")* 3 Hay yogi Obi. c 3
Addressing (calling) + Obj. + as
Direct The farmer said, "My daughter, Iam going to plough the field."
Indirect : The farmer told his daughter that he was going to plough the field.
OR, Addressing (calling) his daughter the farmer said that he was
going to plough the field.
9. Direct The speaker said, "Every drop of my blood is for Bharat Mata.
Gentlemen, Iam ready to give up my life for my country."
Indirect : The speaker told the audience that ( Addressing the audience as
gentlemen the speaker said that) every drop of his blood was for
Bharat Mataand he was ready to give up his life for his country.
10. Direct "Naughty girl,'" said her father, Why do you not follow me?""
Indirect Addressing (calling) her as a naughty girl her father asked why
she did not follow him.
(4) 7 q G- when, till, until unless, as soon as 3f Yo YE 3747 a

Direct: She said to him, If you come, Ishall teach you."

Indirect : She told him that she would teach him if he came.

) Yes fers Sub +acccepted/admitted.) 1

Sub + replied in
the affirnative/positive | I
Direct She said to Arun, "Can you solve this sum?"* 6*Yes,'" said Arun.
Indirect : She asked Arun if he could solve that sum.
Arun accepted/admitted.
OR, Arun replied in the affirmative/positive.
OR, Arun replied that he could/he could solve.
 GENERAL ENGLISH
112]
[ Flight
(Class-t
/ did not agree)
(refused / disagreed
Sub + denied feTdI t
(ii) No fU negative 4IyI
3
in the
Mydaughtersaidtome."Haveyouseen the
replied TajjMahal?*"No,,"Isaid.
1 Sub + Mahal. I denied/
Direct : seen the Taj
daughter asked me
if Ihad
Indirect : My replied in the
negative.
refused OR, I

not seen.
I had not// had
Ireplied that college today?"
No,'" said n:
not go to your
Will you den:..
Direct : Isaid to Ritu, go to her college that day. Ritu
she would not
Indirect: I asked Ritu if
refused/disagreed.
negative.
OR, Ritu replied in the would not go.
she would not/she Tsreplied in h.
OR, Ritureplied that affirmative TYT No
T T - s fagH Yes fr replied in the
Indirect 34 TGK G
314 MH Yi
(6) Reported Speech
Thanked A
1. Thank you t and said exclaimed with regret
sorry/regretted
2. Sorry Ì Felt
i
3. Beware al warned
swore H
4. By God /By Heaven ht
called upon God to witness I
5. MyGod/ God knows ht I
exclaimed with surprise
6. Good heavens! Good gracious ht

1. Direct She said to me, Thank you Sir, for the gift.""
Indirect She thanked me respectfully for the gift.
2 Direct He said, "Sorry, Iforgot my promise."
Indirect He felt sorry and said that he had forgotten his promise.
3 Direct She said, Iam sorry, Iam late.""
Indirect She regretted (felt sorry) and said that she was late.
OR, He exclaimed with regret that she was late.
4 Direct My wife said, "By God, I did not go there.""
Indirect My wife swore that she had not gone there.
5 Direct She said, "My God! I am lost."
Indirect She called upon God to witness that she was lost.
6. Direct The beggar said, God knows, I haven't stolen your
necklace.""
stolen
Indirect : not
The beggar called upon God to witness that he had
her necklace. Interrogative

TH A} fR.V. Yraà 3HAKreguested /offered 3nf acadIsH

1. Direct He said to me, Would you please sit down?
Indirect He requested me to sit down.