**************************************************************************

USACE / NAVFAC / AFCEC UFGS-31 33 20 (November 2024)

------------------------------------
Preparing Activity: USACE New

UNIFIED FACILITIES GUIDE SPECIFICATIONS

References are in agreement with UMRL dated October 2024

**************************************************************************

SECTION TABLE OF CONTENTS

DIVISION 31 - EARTHWORK

SECTION 31 33 20

VOID AND PERMEATION GROUTING

11/24

PART 1 GENERAL

1.1 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

1.2 UNIT PRICES
1.2.1 Mobilization and Demobilization
[Link] Payment
[Link] Unit of Measure
1.2.2 Casing Installation
[Link] Payment
[Link] Measurement
[Link] Unit of Measure
1.2.3 Grout and Grout Placement
[Link] Payment
[Link] Measurement
[Link] Unit of Measure
1.2.4 Grout Containment
[Link] Payment
[Link] Measurement
[Link] Unit of Measure
1.3 REFERENCES
1.4 DEFINITIONS
1.4.1 Automated Grouting Data Collection System (AGDCS)
1.4.2 Cement Grout
1.4.3 Centipoise (cP)
1.4.4 Closure
1.4.5 Communication
1.4.6 Downstage Grouting
1.4.7 Effective Pressure
1.4.8 Exploratory Hole
1.4.9 Final Set
1.4.10 Gel Time
1.4.11 Grout Take
1.4.12 Grout Verification Hole

SECTION 31 33 20 Page 1
 1.4.13 Hydrofracture / Hydrofracturing
1.4.14 Initial Set
1.4.15 Permeation Grouting
1.4.16 Primary Hole
1.4.17 Refusal
1.4.18 Refusal Criteria
1.4.19 Restoration
1.4.20 Secondary Hole
1.4.21 Section
1.4.22 Solution Grout
1.4.23 Split Spacing
1.4.24 Split Space Criteria
1.4.25 Stage
1.4.26 Stop
1.4.27 Succeeding Series
1.4.28 Tertiary Hole
1.4.29 Upstage Grouting
1.4.30 Void Grouting
1.4.31 Zone
1.5 SUBMITTALS
1.6 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING
1.7 PROJECT/SITE CONDITIONS
1.7.1 Permits and Approvals
1.7.2 Underground Utilities
1.8 CONTRACTOR QUALIFICATIONS
1.9 DRILLING AND GROUTING WORK PLAN
1.10 RESTRICTIONS
1.11 LABORATORY ACCREDITATION

PART 2 PRODUCTS

2.1 GROUT MIX DESIGN

2.1.1 Cementitious Grout Mix Design
[Link] Portland Cement
[Link] Blended Hydraulic Cement
[Link] Mixing Water
[Link] Pozzolans
[Link] Admixtures
[Link] Sand
2.1.2 Solution Grout Mix Design
2.1.3 Containment Barriers

PART 3 EXECUTION

3.1 DRILLING EQUIPMENT

3.2 GROUTING EQUIPMENT
3.2.1 Solution Grouting Equipment
3.2.2 Cement Grout Equipment
3.2.3 Instrumentation
3.3 GROUT HOLE DRILLING
3.3.1 Drill Advancement
3.4 INSTALLATION OF GROUT PIPES
3.5 GROUT PLACEMENT
3.5.1 Permeation Grouting and Small Voids
3.5.2 Ground Movement Monitoring Plan
3.5.3 Automated Grouting Data Collection System (AGDCS)
[Link] AGDCS Equipment Capabilities
[Link] Automated Grouting Data Collection System (AGDCS) Submittal
3.6 FIELD QA/QC PROCEDURES

SECTION 31 33 20 Page 2
 3.6.1 Drilling Logs
3.6.2 Daily Records
3.7 GROUT MONITORING
3.7.1 Grout Data Logger
3.8 TESTING
3.8.1 Solution Grouting
3.8.2 Cementitious Grouting
3.9 DEMONSTRATION SECTION
3.10 GROUT CONTAINMENT
3.11 SITE RESTORATION
3.12 DATA MANAGEMENT
3.12.1 AS-BUILT DRAWINGS AND GROUTING PROFILES
3.13 COMPLETION REPORT
3.14 COMMUNICATIONS

-- End of Section Table of Contents --

SECTION 31 33 20 Page 3
**************************************************************************
USACE / NAVFAC / AFCEC UFGS-31 33 20 (November 2024)

------------------------------------
Preparing Activity: USACE New

UNIFIED FACILITIES GUIDE SPECIFICATIONS

References are in agreement with UMRL dated October 2024

**************************************************************************

SECTION 31 33 20

VOID AND PERMEATION GROUTING

11/24

**************************************************************************
NOTE: This guide specification has been prepared as
a construction guide specification to address
permeation grouting, void grouting, and grouting in
unconsolidated deposits, such as breakwaters,
alluvial/colluvial deposits, and soil/fill using
both cementitious and solution grouts with high to
moderate mobility. This specification is intended
for minimally disruptive grouting techniques
specific to cases where soil grouting may be needed
for seepage control or structural support at lower
grouting pressures. Large voids and cavities in
cohesive soils are more appropriately treated
through Limited Mobility Grouting using techniques
not covered within this specification. Soil
grouting must never be used in any USACE dam or
levee without approval from the appropriate Major
Subordinate Command (MSC) and the Dam Safety
Modification Mandatory Center of Expertise.

This guide specification covers the requirements for

advancing cased and uncased boreholes in soil for
the purpose of grouting. This specification
includes requirements for drilling, grouting,
furnishing, handling, transporting, storing, mixing
and injecting the grouting materials; care and
disposal of drill cuttings, wastewater and waste
grout; and clean-up of areas as necessary to
complete the work.

This specification may be reworded for adaptation to

various applications, such as foundation treatments,
cutoff trenches, breakwater protection, etc. Edit
this guide specification for project-specific
requirements by adding, deleting, or revising text.
For bracketed items, choose applicable items(s) or
insert appropriate information. Remove nonessential
information whether or not brackets are present.
Seepage requirements must be removed if the grouting

SECTION 31 33 20 Page 4
 is intended for structural support.
**************************************************************************

PART 1 GENERAL

**************************************************************************
This guide specification may be included in
combination with other UFGS grouting specifications
for a complete soil and rock grouting program.
Limited - mobility grouting and compaction grouting
in soil is addressed in Specification 31 33 30.
Foundation grouting in rock is addressed under
Specification 31 33 10. Foundation grouting
advanced within galleries or through concrete
structures is addressed in Specification 31 43
13.13. Tunnel and shaft grouting is addressed in
Specification 31 73 19.

This specification may be used as a general outline

for cement grouting, chemical grouting (here after
referred to as "solution grouting", or other
specialty grouting applications by insertion of the
proper equipment, materials, and procedures in the
appropriate paragraphs and by modification and
deletion of other paragraphs. Engineer Manuals
1110-2-3504, "Chemical Grouting", and 1110-2-3506,
"Grouting Technology", should be consulted as
guidance documents as appropriate for the grouting
techniques under consideration. There may be
occasions when the engagement of a consultant would
be appropriate and advantageous to assist in the
planning, selecting, and evaluating of a system
under consideration.

Caution must be exercised to not prohibit the use of

a material or technique that may otherwise satisfy
the project scope. Specific products or
manufacturers must not be specified within this
specification. The use of performance criteria
defining the problem, soil conditions, desired
strength and/or permeability must be specified to
allow manufacturers and Contractors to submit a
suitable material that both meets this specification
and the intended purpose of the grouting.
Consideration must be given to conducting laboratory
and field tests and evaluations of the system or
systems being considered for a given application,
including sieve analyses, unit weight, strength, and
permeability tests. Manufacturer of systems and
products must be contacted during design efforts to
verify a suite of products exist which can meet the
performance requirements established as part of the
project. Specific products or manufacturers should
not be sole sourced within this specification
without a Justification and Approval document from
the Office of Counsel.

If grouting is anticipated during extreme

temperatures, alteration of certain field procedures

SECTION 31 33 20 Page 5
 may be necessary and must be included in the
specifications. Generally, for cold weather
cementitious grouting, the grout must be maintained
at temperatures above 50 degrees F until injected,
and storage of the grouting materials must be at
temperatures above [Link], heated
enclosures, water heaters or other equipment or
procedures may be required. Grouting in extremely
hot weather may also require extra precautions.

Methods for listing subdivided items are described

in Paragraph "Variations in Estimated Quantities-
Subdivided Items" of Army Federal Acquisition
Regulation Supplement (AFARS) 5152.211-9001.
Subdivided items are recommended for all jobs unless
there are extenuating circumstances for small jobs
having less than 10 holes.
**************************************************************************

1.1 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

**************************************************************************
NOTE: Provide a brief summary of the project scope
and any prudent references applicable to the
layout, depths, and orientation required for the
grouting. Include any special restrictions or
coordination required. Include relevant bracketed
types of foundation features that may be encountered
and specify where they are found in the blank
brackets.
**************************************************************************

[Historic seepage,] [sand boils and piped sand,] [depressions,]

[settlement,] [open voids] have been encountered at [_____] project at the
[_____] location. [Loose unconsolidated deposits,] [open work
[sands][gravels] with large void capacity,] [engineered structures having
open graded materials with large void capacity,] [_____] are known to
exist at [_____] project at the [_____] location.

**************************************************************************
NOTE: Choose the type of grouting to be performed,
reference the proper plan sheets in the empty
brackets. Specify the number of boreholes, and/or
the length of grouting in the desired units. Fill in
the additional quantities as needed in the last
blank bracket.
**************************************************************************

Perform [Void] [Permeation] grouting as described in these specifications[

and where indicated in the [plans on sheet [_____]]]. A total of [_____
boreholes,] [[_____] meters [_____] feet of grouting] are required in the
base contract with additional [_____] quantities to be assigned based on
the initial grouting results. Estimated grout quantities are detailed in
the Bid Schedule. Perform installation, monitoring, and testing of grout,
and provide all planning, labor, materials, tools, equipment, supervisory
personnel, monitoring equipment, and quality control personnel and
processes required to install grout in accordance with this specification.
Verify closure through [verification cores] [falling head permeability
tests] for [[_____] number full depth holes] [[_____] meters feet total to

SECTION 31 33 20 Page 6
 be assigned by the Contracting Officer]. Install ground movement
monitoring equipment and system to monitor and record [structure]
[structure and] ground movement during grouting operations at [location
1,] [location 2,] [location 3].

1.2 UNIT PRICES

**************************************************************************
NOTE: The following unit prices can be adapted to
the grouting techniques specified. If Section 01 20
00 PRICE AND PAYMENT PROCEDURES is included in the
project specifications, this paragraph title (UNIT
PRICES) must be deleted from this section and the
remaining appropriately edited subparagraphs below
must be inserted into Section 01 20 00.
**************************************************************************

1.2.1 Mobilization and Demobilization

**************************************************************************
NOTE: This provision applies for inclusion in
instances where grouting is the primary feature of
work.
**************************************************************************

[Link] Payment

Payment is made for costs associated with assembling all plant and
equipment at the site, preparatory activities prior to initiating the
work, and for removal and clean-up of the site once the drilling and
grouting program has been completed. Sixty percent of the contract
lump-sum price for mobilization and demobilization will be paid following
on-site assembly to working order of all equipment, and the materials
necessary to perform the required drilling and grouting operations. The
remaining forty percent of the contract lump-sum price will be paid when
all equipment has been removed from the site and all site restoration
requirements have been fulfilled.

[Link] Unit of Measure

Unit of measure: Job.

1.2.2 Casing Installation

[Link] Payment

All incidental costs associated with the performance of work in this

section are included in the contract price for this item. Payment will be
made for costs associated with advancing [vertical] [10 degree] [20
degree] [30 degree] [____ degree] boreholes with casing, including
multiple port sleeve pipe (MPSP) (Tube-A-Manchette (TAM)), as specified.
Casing length projecting above the top of ground is not measured for
payment and is incidental to the work. The payment item includes but is
not limited to: equipment set up on the proposed borehole location;
[advancement] [drilling] of the hole; installing permanent casing or
installing and then removing temporary casing; care and disposal of
drilling wastes; clean-up of the site; and furnishing all equipment,
labor, and supplies necessary and incidental to the work, including all
records associated with this item. [Payment will be made for installation

SECTION 31 33 20 Page 7
 of the required number of MPSPs.] Grout will be paid for under the
appropriate grouting pay item. The Government will make no additional
separate payment for items included herein. [Overburden and embankment
drilling that is intended to limit the potential for hydrofracture must be
performed per ER 1110-1-1807.]

[Link] Measurement

Measurement for payment is by linear length of properly placed casing as

measured from the ground surface to the bottom of the pipe - any length of
casing projecting above the ground surface is considered incidental to the
work and will not be measured for payment. Grout pipe and casing can be
the same material. The total linear footage of properly installed casing
must be subdivided into "initial quantity" and "over initial quantity".

[Link] Unit of Measure

Unit of measure: Linear meter foot.

1.2.3 Grout and Grout Placement

**************************************************************************
NOTE: If the designer requires a restrictive flow
rate less than 2 gallons per minute, grouting time
must be considered as a separate measurement and
payment item due to the prolonged duration required
to complete a single hole.
**************************************************************************

[Link] Payment

All incidental costs associated with the performance of work in this

section are included in the contract price. Payment will be made for
costs associated with furnishing all equipment, labor, and supplies
necessary for grout hole setups, grout hole connections, and
satisfactorily placing grout in grout holes. This includes injecting the
grout at the required stages, pressures, rates, and volumes. Incidental
work includes, but is not limited to, costs for all equipment, labor, and
supplies associated with furnishing the various grout mixes specified
herein; including but not limited to furnishing, handling, transporting
and storing of grout materials; proportioning the mixes; mixing; quality
control of grout; and storage, transportation of grout cubes, testing of
grout cubes, and reporting of laboratory test results. Records and data
required are incidental to this item. Payment for grout must only be made
for grout installed and accepted by the Government in accordance with the
plans and specifications. No payment will be made for time lost due to
fault or negligence of the Contractor or due to defective equipment
furnished by the Contractor. The Government will make no additional
separate payment for items included herein. Required quality Control
testing is incidental to this item.

[Link] Measurement

Injection of grout must be measured for payment by the volume in [liter

(L)] [gallon (gal)] of liquid grout properly mixed and injected. The
grout mixes will be measured for payment on the basis of the volume of
each grout mix satisfactorily placed in grout holes. Grouting and grout
placement must be subdivided into "initial quantity" and "over initial
quantity".

SECTION 31 33 20 Page 8
[Link] Unit of Measure

Unit of measure: [liter (L)][gallon (gal)].

[1.2.4 Grout Containment

**************************************************************************
NOTE: Consider this item if working below water or
in an otherwise sensitive area where additional
controls may be needed for environmental
compliance. Delete this section if the Contract
addresses these concerns through
stormwater protection or other means as part of the
general site work. This section must be edited to
the meet requirements of local, state, federal, and
other jurisdictions, including downstream
considerations, which may be impacted by the project.
**************************************************************************

[Link] Payment

All incidental costs associated with grout containment, including but not
limited to containment barriers, the placement of cover materials,
checking water quality for the presence of grout outside of the approved
working area, and general environmental compliance are included in the
contract price for this item. Payment will be made for costs associated
with furnishing all equipment, labor, and supplies necessary for this item.

**************************************************************************
NOTE: Containment barriers can consist of washed
aggregate fill to be placed on the surface
immediately prior to grouting to aid in the
containment of grout exiting from breakwaters.
Limit the placement area to areas being grouted
within 24 hours to avoid wave wash erosion of the
containment barrier prior to grouting.

Coordinate water quality requirements, including any

monitoring while placement of grout or water used
for grout production, with stormwater pollution
requirements established for the site.
**************************************************************************

[Link] Measurement

Measurement is based on successful installation of required systems and

compliance to appropriate regulations and restrictions as required in the
Contract.

[Link] Unit of Measure

Unit of measure: [Job] [Each]

]1.3 REFERENCES

**************************************************************************
NOTE: This paragraph is used to list the
publications cited in the text of the guide

SECTION 31 33 20 Page 9
 specification. The publications are referred to in
the text by basic designation only and listed in
this paragraph by organization, designation, date,
and title.

Use the Reference Wizard's Check Reference feature

when you add a RID outside of the Section's
Reference Article to automatically place the
reference in the Reference Article. Also use the
Reference Wizard's Check Reference feature to update
the issue dates.

References not used in the text will automatically

be deleted from this section of the project
specification when you choose to reconcile
references in the publish print process.
**************************************************************************

The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the

extent referenced. The publications are referred to within the text by
the basic designation only.

AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE (API)

API RP 13B-1 (2009; R 2016) Recommended Practice for

Field Testing Water-Based Drilling Fluids

API Spec 13A (2010; Errata 1 2014; Errata 2-3 2015)

Specification for Drilling-Fluid Materials

ASTM INTERNATIONAL (ASTM)

ASTM C40/C40M (2020) Standard Test Method for Organic

Impurities in Fine Aggregates for Concrete

ASTM C70 (2020) Standard Test Method for Surface

Moisture in Fine Aggregate

ASTM C87/C87M (2023) Standard Test Method for Effect of

Organic Impurities in Fine Aggregate on
Strength of Mortar

ASTM C127 (2015) Standard Test Method for Density,

Relative Density (Specific Gravity), and
Absorption of Coarse Aggregate

ASTM C128 (2022) Standard Test Method for Density,

Relative Density (Specific Gravity), and
Absorption of Fine Aggregate

ASTM C136/C136M (2019) Standard Test Method for Sieve

Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates

ASTM C142/C142M (2017; R 2023) Standard Test Method for

Clay Lumps and Friable Particles in
Aggregates

ASTM C150/C150M (2024) Standard Specification for Portland

Cement

SECTION 31 33 20 Page 10
ASTM C191 (2021) Standard Test Methods for Time of
Setting of Hydraulic Cement by Vicat Needle

ASTM C403/C403M (2023 ) Standard Test Method for Time of

Setting of Concrete Mixtures by
Penetration Resistance

ASTM C494/C494M (2024) Standard Specification for Chemical

Admixtures for Concrete

ASTM C566 (2013) Standard Test Method for Total

Evaporable Moisture Content of Aggregate
by Drying

ASTM C595/C595M (2024) Standard Specification for Blended

Hydraulic Cements

ASTM C618 (2023; E 2023) Standard Specification for

Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural
Pozzolan for Use in Concrete

ASTM C937 (2023) Grout Fluidifier for

Preplaced-Aggregate Concrete

ASTM C939/C939M (2022) Standard Test Method for Flow of

Grout for Preplaced-Aggregate Concrete
(Flow Cone Method)

ASTM C940 (2022) Standard Test Method for Expansion

and Bleeding of Freshly Mixed Grouts for
Preplaced-Aggregate Concrete in the
Laboratory

ASTM C989/C989M (2024) Standard Specification for Slag

Cement for Use in Concrete and Mortars

ASTM C1240 (2020) Standard Specification for Silica

Fume Used in Cementitious Mixtures

ASTM C1602/C1602M (2022) Standard Specification for Mixing

Water Used in Production of Hydraulic
Cement Concrete

ASTM C1797 (2023) Standard Specification for Ground

Calcium Carbonate and Aggregate Mineral
Fillers for use in Hydraulic Cement
Concrete

ASTM D4219 (2022) Standard Test Method for Short-Term

Unconfined Compressive Strength Index of
Chemically Grouted Soils

ASTM D4380 (2020) Standard Test Method for

Determining Density of Construction
Slurries

ASTM D4832/D4832M (2023) Standard Test Method for

Preparation and Testing of Controlled Low

SECTION 31 33 20 Page 11
 Strength Material (CLSM) Test Cylinders

ASTM D6910/D6910M (2019) Standard Test Method for Marsh

Funnel Viscosity of Construction Slurries

U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS (USACE)

COE CRD-C 100 (1975) Method of Sampling Concrete

Aggregate and Aggregate Sources, and
Selection of Material for Testing

COE CRD-C 112 (1969) Method of Test for Surface Moisture

in Aggregate by Water Displacement

COE CRD-C 120 (1994) Test Method for Flat and Elongated
Particles in Fine Aggregate

COE CRD-C 661 (2006) Specification for Antiwashout

Admixtures for Concrete

EM 1110-1-1804 (2001) Engineering and Design --

Geotechnical Investigations

EM 1110-2-3506 (2017) Engineering and Design -- Grouting

Technology

ER 1110-1-1807 (2014) Drilling in Earth Embankment Dams

and Levees

ER 1110-1-8100 (1997) Laboratory Investigations and

Testing

1.4 DEFINITIONS

**************************************************************************
NOTE: Definitions may be included by reference to
engineering manuals if the exact definition in the
reference is to be used in the Contract. If
definitions are edited for the project, then they
must be included in this section.
**************************************************************************

[1.4.1 Automated Grouting Data Collection System (AGDCS)

A computerized system for receiving, translating, recording, storing, and

displaying pressure grouting data. The system is capable of viewing
results in real time or at any time after the stage is grouted. The
system can also produce graphic and numerical outputs for grouting data in
real-time with digital transmittable files, including but not limited to,
PDF, excel, spreadsheets, and raw data files.

]1.4.2 Cement Grout

**************************************************************************
NOTE: Chemical or cement grouts can be used for
permeation or void grouting. Solution grouting may
have advantages in soils with higher fines
percentages or in locations where seepage may be
present. The designer may select cementitious or

SECTION 31 33 20 Page 12
 solution grout, or allow both, per the project
scope. Most seepage related projects should require
at least 2 grout mixes.
**************************************************************************

A fluid cementitious material used to reduce the permeability and improve

the stability or modulus of coarse-grained materials. Grout can be
composed of portland cement, slag cement, (or micro fine cement) and
water, and may contain additives such as clay, bentonite, dispersant,
retarders, silica fume, fly ash, pozzolan, anti-washout agents, and/or
accelerators as appropriate.

1.4.3 Centipoise (cP)

For solution grouts, a common unit of measurement for viscosity allowing

for a direct comparison to the viscosity of water. Water has a viscosity
of 1 cP at 20 degrees Celsius 68 degrees Fahrenheit.

1.4.4 Closure

The completion of all grouting within a section such that refusal criteria
is met, and no additional split spaced holes are required to achieve the
objective of the grouting. For permeation grouting, the residual
permeabilities following grouting are measured in verification holes for
each completed section. For void filling, closure is assessed by
verification holes verifying strength for each completed section.

1.4.5 Communication

The passage of water or grout from one hole to another or to any

opening/observation point during drilling and/or grouting.

1.4.6 Downstage Grouting

A protocol involving drilling a zone and grouting of that zone before

proceeding to the next deeper zone within the same borehole. It involves
the placement of a grout by repeated drilling and grouting in successive
stages in the downward direction in each hole.[ In USACE's Engineering
Manual EM 1110-2-3506, this is defined as "Stage Grouting".]

1.4.7 Effective Pressure

The sum of all head losses and head gains in the injection system and the
ground.

1.4.8 Exploratory Hole

Exploratory holes are drilled, grouted, and backfilled to investigate

subsurface conditions.

1.4.9 Final Set

A degree of stiffening of a cementitious grout mixture indicating the time

in hours and minutes required to stiffen sufficiently to resist the
penetration of a weighted test needle (Vicat needle). Also called 'Final
Set Time' or 'Time of Final Set'.

SECTION 31 33 20 Page 13
1.4.10 Gel Time

The time or period after mixing for a liquid solution grout to exhibit
measurable shear strength, or the onset of change from the liquid to
plastic state.

1.4.11 Grout Take

The volume of grout placed. This can be for a specific grout stage,
specific grout hole, a grout line, or treatment interval for the entire
job.

1.4.12 Grout Verification Hole

A grout verification hole is drilled to verify the grouting results at the

conclusion of grouting. All holes in a section must have reached refusal
before a verification hole is initiated.

1.4.13 Hydrofracture / Hydrofracturing

The fracturing of an embankment or underground stratum by pumping water,

drilling fluid, air, or grout under a pressure in excess of the tensile
strength and minor principal stress.

1.4.14 Initial Set

The time required for freshly mixed cementitious grout to achieve initial
set.

1.4.15 Permeation Grouting

A grouting technique that injects the appropriate grout to reduce the

effective porosity in the soil/material matrix in the area specified
without causing excessive movement or fracturing of the formation,
accomplished by solution (chemical) or cementitious grout.

1.4.16 Primary Hole

The first series of holes to be drilled and grouted, usually at the

maximum allowable spacing. Grouting of primary holes is completed prior
to secondary holes being drilled.

1.4.17 Refusal

The point during grout injection where little or no grout is accepted per
the refusal criteria

1.4.18 Refusal Criteria

When conditions are met to stop grouting within a stage, hole, or other
established treatment zone that may include parameters such as pressure,
flow, volume, grout communication, ground movement, or a prescribed
combination of criteria.

1.4.19 Restoration

The correction by repair or replacement of any structure or area damaged,

removed, or altered by construction activities under this section.

SECTION 31 33 20 Page 14
1.4.20 Secondary Hole

The second series of holes to be drilled and grouted, spaced midway

between previously grouted primary holes. Secondary holes must be
completed prior to drilling tertiary holes.

1.4.21 Section

A reach along the grout lines, not more than [_____] meters [_____] feet
in length in which grouting operations are not to be permitted at the same
time that drilling is in progress.

1.4.22 Solution Grout

A grout that is typically composed of chemical materials combined to form

a liquid solution that hardens into a solid material composed of (1)
matrix forming base materials, (2) reactants, and (3) accelerators or
retarders.

1.4.23 Split Spacing

The procedure of locating an additional grout hole midway between two

previously drilled and grouted holes that failed to reach refusal.

1.4.24 Split Space Criteria

The criteria by which split spacing is performed, based on whether a hole

or stage meet refusal criteria. The split space criteria also includes
occurrences of grout communication between holes, hole collapse, equipment
failure, premature termination, or any interruption of grouting
activities. The split space criteria may vary depending on the stage,
zone, series, or grout line under consideration.

1.4.25 Stage

One complete operational cycle of pressure grouting, over a predefined

length and within a pre-defined depth interval of the grout hole.

1.4.26 Stop

A pre-determined depth or elevation at which the expanding plug or packer

is positioned.

1.4.27 Succeeding Series

Each of the succeeding series of holes is located based on the split space
criteria. Succeeding series holes may be located as directed by the
Contracting Officer based upon conditions and prior grouting results.

1.4.28 Tertiary Hole

The third series of holes to be drilled and grouted, spaced midway between
previously grouted primary and secondary holes.

1.4.29 Upstage Grouting

Upstage grouting involves drilling a grout hole to its final depth and
grouting from the bottom up in stages.

SECTION 31 33 20 Page 15
1.4.30 Void Grouting

**************************************************************************
NOTE: Many products for void grouting are available
with variations in viscosity, reaction time,
reaction with water, expansion characteristic and
flexibility of the reacted grout. Products can be
single or multi-component grouts and can react when
coming in contact with water or require a reactant.
The use of low mobility grouts requires special
equipment and procedures and is covered under the
low mobility grouting specification.
**************************************************************************

A grouting technique performed by injection of appropriate solution or

cementitious grout to fill specific voids in the subsurface or structure.
A casing pipe is advanced and the grout is injected at specified flow
rates and depths to fill the void, and not damage the structure. Casing
can be a permanent multiple port sleeve pipe or temporary casing that is
withdrawn as the grouting proceeds. The process primarily fills most
voids for structural support.

1.4.31 Zone

A pre-determined subdivision of the overall depth of grout treatment

defined in the Contract. A single zone may make up the full depth of
treatment, or the depth of treatment may be divided into several zones.

1.5 SUBMITTALS

**************************************************************************
NOTE: Review submittal description (SD) definitions
in Section 01 33 00 SUBMITTAL PROCEDURES and edit
the following list, and corresponding submittal
items in the text, to reflect only the submittals
required for the project. The Guide Specification
technical editors have classified those items that
require Government approval, due to their complexity
or criticality, with a "G." Generally, other
submittal items can be reviewed by the Contractor's
Quality Control System. Only add a “G” to an item,
if the submittal is sufficiently important or
complex in context of the project.

For Army projects, fill in the empty brackets

following the "G" classification, with a code of up
to three characters to indicate the approving
authority. Codes for Army projects using the
Resident Management System (RMS) are: "AE" for
Architect-Engineer; "DO" for District Office
(Engineering Division or other organization in the
District Office); "AO" for Area Office; "RO" for
Resident Office; and "PO" for Project Office. Codes
following the "G" typically are not used for Navy
and Air Force projects.

The "S" classification indicates submittals required

as proof of compliance for sustainability Guiding
Principles Validation or Third Party Certification

SECTION 31 33 20 Page 16
 and as described in Section 01 33 00 SUBMITTAL
PROCEDURES.
**************************************************************************

Government approval is required for submittals with a "G" or "S"

classification. Submittals not having a "G" or "S" classification are for
Contractor Quality Control approval. Submittals not having a "G" or "S"
classification are for information only. When used, a code following the
"G" classification identifies the office that will review the submittal
for the Government. Submit the following in accordance with Section
01 33 00 SUBMITTAL PROCEDURES:

SD-01 Preconstruction Submittals

Qualifications; G, [_____]

Ground Movement Monitoring Plan; G, [_____]

Drilling and Grouting Work Plan; G, [_____]

Automated Grouting Data Collection System (AGDCS); G, [_____]

Laboratory Accreditation; G, [_____]

SD-02 Shop Drawings

Detail Drawings; G, [_____]

SD-03 Product Data

Daily Records; G, [_____]

Drilling Logs; G, [_____]

Grouting Equipment

Equipment Calibration and Certifications; G, [_____]

SD-05 Design Data

Grout Mix Design; G, [_____]

Demonstration Section; G, [_____]

SD-06 Test Reports

Field QA/QC Procedures; G, [_____]

SD-11 Closeout Submittals

As-Built Drawings and Grouting Profiles; G, [_____]

Completion Report; G, [_____]

1.6 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING

**************************************************************************
NOTE: Grouting constituent components may pose
health hazards. Some components of solution grouts

SECTION 31 33 20 Page 17
 may require special health/environmental
considerations. Verify grout products meet local,
state, and federal laws and regulation, and that
appropriate health and safety precautions are
considered during design and implemented during
construction.
**************************************************************************

Material must be stored in accordance with the manufacturer's

recommendation. Store a sufficient quantity of grout material at or near
the work site to ensure grouting operations are not delayed by a shortage
of materials. Protect all materials from inclement weather, including
rain, snow, and freezing conditions. The use of suitable enclosures to
prevent the degradation of the various materials prior to use is
required. [Store chemicals and materials in metal tanks, and suitably
protect from accidental discharge by valving and other necessary means.]

The use of bulk cement is permitted if methods of handling, transporting,

and storage are approved by the Contracting Officer in writing. Submit
methods in the Drilling and Grouting Work Plan submittal for approval.
Otherwise, only use cement furnished in fabric or paper bags. [In the
event the cement is found to contain deleterious lumps, as determined by
the Contracting Officer, either screening through a standard [1.18] mm
[No. 16] mesh screen, or replacement is required. No payment will be made
for such screening or replacement of material.]

Storage capacity for each constituent component must be sufficient to

supply at least 1 week [1 month's] volume of grouting materials so as not
to interrupt the work in the event of delivery delays.

1.7 PROJECT/SITE CONDITIONS

The grouting program detailed in the plans and specifications is based on

currently available information. Examine the site conditions and
available surface and subsurface data, including the boring logs,
foundation plans, utility plans, and site plans to successfully prepare a
suitable work plan to complete the work. Review site conditions and the
objectives for the proposed work and propose any necessary changes as part
of the work plan. Conditions encountered during construction may require
adjustments to the grouting program. Once the work plan is approved, field
changes to grout mixes, injection pressures, injection rates, and the
sequence in which the holes are drilled and grouted will require approval
from the Contracting Officer.

[Previous investigations and work completed at the project include

[____].] [Perform any necessary site investigations in accordance with
EM 1110-1-1804.]

**************************************************************************
NOTE: Coordinate with property owners, utility
providers, facilities, and other stakeholders as
necessary to understand potential risks to personal
property and infrastructure from grouting
operations. The Government must assist with
Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) National
Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) and
Water Quality Permitting.
**************************************************************************

SECTION 31 33 20 Page 18
1.7.1 Permits and Approvals

Obtain necessary permits and approvals based on application, site

conditions, and project scope in a manner that is in compliance with all
local, state, and federal laws and regulations.
[
The following permits are [obtained by the Contractor] [provided by the
Government]; National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES), [401
Water Quality], [_____].]

1.7.2 Underground Utilities

Prior to the submission of the Drilling and Grouting Work Plan, verify the
location, type, diameter, and depth of all underground utility lines in
the work area, and mark on the ground surface prior to the onset of
drilling. Determine and comply with any additional underground utility
location, marking and/or potholing requirements by local jurisdictional
agencies. Notify the Contracting Officer of any conflicts between the
underground utility lines and the proposed Drilling and Grouting Work Plan.

1.8 CONTRACTOR QUALIFICATIONS

Meet the following criteria.

a. The grouting program, including installation of grout pipes, must be

performed by a specialist Grouting Contractor with at least [five
years] [3 projects] of documented successful experience in permeation
grouting. The project list must include a description of the project,
relative size, and customer point of contact for the work.

b. Include resumes for the [Professional Engineer] [Professional

Geologist], Grouting Manager, Project Superintendent, and Project
Foreman meeting the following requirements:

[ (1) A Professional Engineer or Professional Geologist currently

licensed in the State of [_____]. Required experience includes
work on at least two projects where they successfully designed and
supervised similar grouting applications, and performed
responsible supervision of ground treatment design and execution.
This engineer will be responsible for signing and sealing
drawings, computations, and reports.

] (2) A Grouting Manager who is full-time, on-site, and whose duties are
limited to responsibility for grouting operations. Required
experience includes at least [5] [10] years of experience in the
successful design and field application of grouting technology
similar to the requirements specified for this project. Provide
complete documentation of applicable experience.

(3) The superintendent must have at least [5] [10] years of successful
experience in permeation grouting. Provide complete documentation
of applicable experience.

1.9 DRILLING AND GROUTING WORK PLAN

**************************************************************************
NOTE: Provide the subsurface information to the
Contractor and allow flexibility for variations in
the submitted work plan based on the Contractor's

SECTION 31 33 20 Page 19
 experience and site specific conditions. Remain
flexible during construction to balance contract
administration with the need to tweak the grouting
operations to most effectively achieve the project
goals.
**************************************************************************

Design the program to meet all applicable criteria and ensure grouting
objectives are fulfilled. Submit the following items for approval at least
[60] days prior to the start of grouting (except where specific time
requirements are stated with the item):

a. Produce a detailed layout drawing of the working area, including the

batch plant layout[, and grout hole layout. Show the presence of all
utilities as described in the paragraph "UNDERGROUND UTILITIES" within
[_____] meters [_____] feet of any planned drilling location].

b. Submit a detailed description of grouting work procedures, including

methodology and equipment to be used, and installation of a [structure
and] ground movement monitoring system in accordance with paragraph
"GROUND MOVEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN". Detail the installation/removal
of casing, [installation of MPSP], sequence of grouting operations for
each hole, sequences for multiple holes, and field monitoring
activities to successfully accomplish the work. [Include the
procedure and equipment used to contain grout, and prevent grout from
exiting the working area.] Discuss how work will be coordinated to
ensure it is in compliance with all work restrictions and
requirements.

c. For the submittal, assume at least [_____] meters feet of casing,

[MPSP] [and] [_____] cubic meters yards of grouting. Address
variations in these quantities in accordance with the applicable FAR
Clauses for variations in standard quantities, or as otherwise
directed by the Contracting Officer.

d. An explanation of the suitability of the grout materials and

procedures proposed, and why they are ideal for successful grouting in
the subsurface conditions of the site (see paragraph "DEMONSTRATION
SECTION"). Provide applicable supporting data.

e. Describe delivery, storage, and handling procedures for all

constituent components of the grout mix design. [Use of bulk cement
must be approved.]

f. If grouting operations may be impacted by the presence of underground

or other utilities, discuss where, how, and the planned procedure for
mitigating these impacts. Detail all applicable local jurisdictional
agency requirements and resulting work. Indicate which agency verified
the utilities present, and the date verified.

g. A list of personnel and details for each titled role including

responsibilities.

h. Discuss closure verification methods and frequency.

i. Produce Detail Drawings and submit [15][_____] days prior to beginning

work. For each borehole, include the anticipated volume, pressure,
and flow rate for each grout stage, per depth.

SECTION 31 33 20 Page 20
[1.10 RESTRICTIONS

**************************************************************************
NOTE: List any restrictions to the working area,
means/methods, or other site constraints. Delete
any unneeded examples or brackets. Tailor to the
project.
**************************************************************************

[No grouting work may commence [between the following] [dates,] [times,]
[weather conditions] without written approval from the Contracting
Officer.][Access the site from[ street][ access point][ pier][
dock][_____] as shown on the drawings.][Special restrictions exist at the
project which limit the use of[ diesel equipment,][ gasoline equipment,][
electrical equipment][_____].]

]1.11 LABORATORY ACCREDITATION

All laboratories submitting testing results for this contract must be

accredited by Engineering Regulation ER 1110-1-8100. Submit written proof
of accreditation for each laboratory utilized within [30][_____] days
prior to the start of work. If the accreditation expires during the
contract period, submit the accreditation renewal at least 5 business days
prior to the expiration. Submit each laboratory accreditation separately.

PART 2 PRODUCTS

2.1 GROUT MIX DESIGN

**************************************************************************
NOTE: Section GROUT MIX DESIGN applies to the
general grouting submittal. Additional requirements
that are part of this submittal are in brackets in
the proceeding sections based on whether solution or
cementitious grout is preferred.

NOTE: In general, for permeation grouting,

cementitious grouts, cementitious/bentonite grouts,
and polyurethane grouts are only appropriate to
grout open-graded gravels and poorly-graded coarse
sands with a minimum particle size of 1.0 mm.
Microfine and ultrafine cement grout is appropriate
for treating gravels, coarse, and medium to fine
sand having less than 15 percent non-plastic fines.
Acrylates and Acrylamide grouts can be used in fine
sands and silts with particle sizes less than 0.01
mm.
**************************************************************************

Submit a mix design for the project at least [15] [30] [60] days prior to
the start of work. Detail the types of grout materials and source
suppliers. Include mix proportions, and material test data[ from previous
projects] including compressive strength. The grout mixes must be
approved by the Contracting Officer prior to use. After approved, future
changes must be recommended by the [Professional Engineer] [Professional
Geologist] and approved by the Contracting Officer. Any modification must
be based on an evaluation of grout takes and site conditions.

SECTION 31 33 20 Page 21
 Deliver, store and handle bulk and bagged cement and pozzolans in
accordance with paragraph "DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING". Grout mix
designs must meet the requirements for cementitious or solution grouts as
required in paragraph CEMENTITIOUS GROUT MIX DESIGN and paragraph SOLUTION
GROUT MIX DESIGN. Grout pressures must be adjusted to consider effective
pressure acting on the grout stage.

[2.1.1 Cementitious Grout Mix Design

Furnish balanced and stable cementitious grout. The use of a site-batched

grout is required and must conform to the following:

a. Dry weight of each solid component and weight of water on a per cubic
meter yard basis in accordance with ASTM C128. Show conversion to
litersgallons.

b. [7][28]-day unconfined compressive strength test results exceed

[690][1034][2068] kPa [100][150][300] psi in accordance with
ASTM D4832/D4832M.

c. Batch volume is as proposed by the Contractor in the Work Plan.

d. Required mixing time as proposed by the Contractor in the Work Plan.

e. Reduce the permeability to below the target permeability, based on the

soil stratum selected for treatment [_____] cm/s [_____] in/s.

f. Temperature is between 10-32 degrees C 50-90 degrees F.

g. Bleed tests must be in accordance with ASTM C940. Grout bleed must
not exceed [1][2] percent after 2 hours.

h. Conduct pressure filtration test in accordance with API Method

API RP 13B-1, low-pressure/low-temperature or [ASTM D4380].

i. Set Time is between 8-24 hours in accordance with ASTM C191, method
'A'.

j. Measure viscosity using a Marsh funnel. Determine which viscosity is

appropriate for your project and perform Marsh Funnel testing in
accordance with ASTM D6910/D6910M:
Mix A between 27-40 seconds [Mix B between 40-55 seconds][Mix C
between 55-70 seconds].
[
Due to flowing water conditions, prepare a thicker grout mix based on
the flow cone test per ASTM C939/C939M: Mix D between 20-40 seconds.]

k. Test results establishing the working time and set time of the mix
design at [30-60 minutes][45-90 minutes][60-120 minutes] in accordance
with [ASTM C191, Method A][ASTM C403/C403M].

[Link] Portland Cement

**************************************************************************
NOTE: Avoid specifying the use of air entrainment,
except on rare occasions when grout may be exposed
to severe freezing and thawing conditions.
**************************************************************************

SECTION 31 33 20 Page 22
 Cement used in grout must conform to the requirements of ASTM C150/C150M
Type [I][II][III][,and][V]. The Grout Mix Design submittal must include
the source(s) of cement, [6 month][1 year][2 years] of mill tests, and an
ASTM C150/C150M compliance certificate.

[Link] Blended Hydraulic Cement

**************************************************************************
NOTE: Blended hydraulic cements are becoming more
common, and in some areas, the only cement products
that are available. The industry will continue to
grow and develop new cement products to limit the
carbon footprint by the industry. Alternate mix
designs may be acceptable if field demonstrated to
meet the intent of the design.
**************************************************************************

Blended hydraulic cement is a combination of portland cement, and one or

more pozzolans or limestone. Blended hydraulic cements must conform to
ASTM C595/C595M. ASTM C595/C595M recognizes four types of blended
cements: Type IS (X), Type IP (X), Type IL (X), and Type IT. The "X" in
the name refers to the percentage of secondary ingredient in the blend.
Type IS (X) has slag as the secondary component, Type IP (X) has pozzolan,
typically fly ash, as the secondary component. Type IL cement has
limestone as the secondary component, and Type IT(PX)(PY) has two types of
pozzolans. For example, Type IP (15) would contain 15-percent pozzolan.
All four types of blended cements are permissible for use in grout.[
Verify fresh and hardened grout properties through trial batching and
field demonstrations].

When using blended hydraulic cement, the grout mixes must contain at least
30-percent portland cement by dry weight of the mixture. Test blended
cement with limestone to determine the chemical composition of the lime
using ASTM C1797. The Grout Mix Design Submittal must include the
source(s) of cement, [6 month][1 year][2 years] of mill tests, and an
ASTM C595/C595M compliance certificate.

[Link] Mixing Water

Furnish the water used in grout. The water must be fresh, clean and free
from deleterious amounts of sewage, oil, acid, alkali, salts, or organic
matter. [Non-potable water is available on site and testing is required
to confirm the acceptability of the water. Perform water testing
quarterly to ensure that the water does not cause a deleterious effect on
the grout.] Perform tests in accordance with ASTM C1602/C1602M, and
submit to the Contracting Officer within 24 hours of completion.
Withdrawing water from the [lake] [river] requires a permit from the
[_____].[ Potable water suitable for use in the work is furnished by the
Government.][ Provide any necessary connections and extensions to the
provided supply line.]

[Link] Pozzolans

Transport, handle, and store all pozzolans so as to avoid damage, waste,

or absorption of moisture.

a. Fly ash [or other raw or calcined natural pozzolans], if used, must
conform to ASTM C618. Fly ash may be furnished in paper sacks or in
bulk. Reclaimed ash and alternatives to Class F and Class C ash are

SECTION 31 33 20 Page 23
 not permitted for use.

b. Ground-Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS), if used, must conform to

ASTM C989/C989M, [grade 100][grade 120].

c. Silica Fume, if used, must conform to ASTM C1240. Pelletized silica

fume is not permitted for use.

[Link] Admixtures

**************************************************************************
NOTE: For USACE projects the bracketed text in
subpart b should be included.
**************************************************************************

Ship, handle, and store materials a way that prevents deterioration,

contamination, damage, or waste. Reject and replace any admixtures
allowed to freeze without cost to the Government. Add admixtures to the
grout immediately before or during mixing, and use an appropriate
combination of one or more of the following: water reducers,
superplasticizers, fluidifiers, anti-washout additives[, as approved in
the Grout Mix Design submittal]. All admixtures must be compatible with
other components of the grout. Alternatives may be proposed as part of
the work plan. Deviations from the work plan must be approved by the
Contracting Officer. No time extension will be given by the Government for
review time required due to submitted alternative materials.

a. Water Reducing Admixtures, if used, must meet the requirements of

ASTM C494/C494M, type A.

b. A Superplasticizer is a high-range water reducer possessing

characteristics that reduce the water demand by at least 12 percent.
Superplasticizer, if used, must meet the requirements of
ASTM C494/C494M, type F.[ Use Naphthalene sulphonate or
polycarboxylate with the ability to coat grout particles in the
suspension with a film having a negative charge.]

c. Fluidifier is a compound possessing characteristics which increase the

flowability of the mixture, assist in dispersal of the cement grains,
and neutralize the setting shrinkage of the grout. If used,
fluidifier must meet the material quality requirements specified in
ASTM C937.

d. Viscosity Modifier is a natural, soluble, copolymer having a high

molecular weight which enhances the stability of the suspension
grouts. If used, the material quality must meet the requirements of
API Spec 13A (such as welan gum or diutan gum). Viscosity Modifier
may also be classified as conforming to ASTM C494/C494M Type S.

e. Anti-Washout Admixtures, if used, must meet the requirements of

ASTM C494/C494M Type S and COE CRD-C 661. Consult with the
anti-washout admixture manufacturer to ensure compatibility with other
grout mix ingredients.

f. Retarders, if used, must meet the requirements of ASTM C494/C494M,

Type B.

SECTION 31 33 20 Page 24
[[Link] Sand

**************************************************************************
NOTE: Modern grout mixes may be able to produce low
viscosity mixes for plugging holes without the use
of sand. Be flexible during construction if a
submitted mix design can meet the requirements of a
sanded mix without the use of sand.
**************************************************************************

a. Sand for grout must be clean and consist of hard, tough, durable,
uncoated particles with no more than [5] percent passing the [0.075] mm
[No. 200] sieve. The shape of the particles must be generally
rounded or cubical [and must not contain more than [_____] percent of
flat or elongated pieces having a maximum dimension in excess of five
times the minimum dimension]. When coarse sand is used, the sand must
be well graded from fine to coarse per ASTM C136/C136M with 100
percent passing the [2.36] mm [No. 8] sieve.

b. Test the sand to determine its acceptability. Perform these tests at

no additional expense to the Government. Sample sand in accordance
with the applicable sampling provisions contained in COE CRD-C 100, or
as directed by the Contracting Officer. Perform the following tests:

Table 1: Sand Properties

Property Standard Criteria

Specific Gravity ASTM C128 [greater or equal to 2.55]

Absorption ASTM C128 [less than or equal to 2.0]

Flat and Elongated COE CRD-C 120 [less than 25 percent]

Clay Lumps and Friable ASTM C142/C142M [less than 1%]

Particles
Organic Impurities ASTM C40/C40M and if fails [3 maximum or minimum, 95
then ASTM C87/C87M percent strength retention]

c. The percentage of surface moisture of the saturated surface-dried sand

must be determined in accordance with ASTM C70, ASTM C566,
COE CRD-C 112, or other approved method giving comparable results.

d. Store sand a manner that prevents the inclusion of any foreign

materials in the grout. All sand must remain in free draining storage
bins for at least 72 hours prior to use.

e. The Grout Mix Design submittal must include the source(s) of sand and
all required test results.

]]2.1.2 Solution Grout Mix Design

**************************************************************************
NOTE: Acrylic grouts will not substantially
strengthen/densify soils. They are primarily used
for seepage control.
**************************************************************************

SECTION 31 33 20 Page 25
**************************************************************************
NOTE: Polyurethane grout can be used for seepage
control in boulders, cobbles,and open graded stone.
These grouts can strengthen these soils.

NOTE: Sodium silicates are only recommended for

short term applications.

NOTE: Remove any sections that are not applicable

to the scope to be executed.
**************************************************************************

Furnish solution grout composed of reactant, hardener, accelerator, resin,

and water. Structural solution grouts must provide a permanent and
irreversible gel with a controlled gel time. The volume change of the
grout must not exceed [10][20][50][100] percent of the initial volume.

Provide solution grout with the following properties:

a. Batch weight of each solid component and weight of water on a per

[liter][cubic meter] [gallon][cubic yard] basis in accordance with
ASTM C127. If using cubic yards, also show conversion to gallons.

b. Select viscosity for compatibility with the material to be grouted.

The materials to be be grouted consist of [strata of] [Silt,] [Sand,]
[Gravel]. The anticipated hydraulic conductivity of the layer to be
grouted is [_____].

**************************************************************************
NOTE: Reduce strength requirements if permeability
reduction is the intended goal for the project. For
voids or for structural support, the strength should
be equivalent to the in-situ soil conditions, or
slightly stronger.
**************************************************************************

c. [7] [28]-day unconfined compressive strength exceeding [34] [172]

[345] kPa [5] [25] [50] psi in accordance with ASTM D4219.

d. Test results establishing the working time/gel time of the mix design
at [5/30 minutes] [30/50 minutes] [in accordance with manufacturer's
recommendations and field demonstrated] [Verify gel time in the field
with "cup tilting test" where product is poured from one cup to
another until it gels.] Cure time for all grouts must be [0.5-10]
hours.

e. All solution grouts must be non-toxic and non-flammable during and

after grouting, and non-toxic in the set form.

f. Batch volume as proposed by the Contractor in the Work Plan..

**************************************************************************
NOTE: Note for viscosity requirements in Part g,
below. These requirements are site specific and
should be informed by a site investigation to fully
capture the conditions anticipated on site. In
general viscosity requirements should generally be:

SECTION 31 33 20 Page 26
 Less than 2 cP for hydraulic conductivities less
than 1E-4 cm/s 4E-5 in/s.

Between 2-5 cP for hydraulic conductivities between

1E-4 cm/s 4E-5 in/s and 1E-3 cm/s 4E-4 in/s.

Between 5-12 cP for for hydraulic conductivities

between 1E-3 cm/s 4E-4 in/s and 1E-2 cm/s 4E-3 in/s.

If an acrylamide/acrylate grout is used, the grout

must have a specific gravity between 1 and 1.5.
**************************************************************************

g. For seepage control applications the grout must be less permeable than
1x10-6 cm/s 3.9x10-7 in/s and viscosity requirements must be submitted
as part of the work plan.
[
Viscosity requirements must be less than [_____ cP] for hydraulic
conductivities less than [_____].]
[
Viscosity requirements must be [between] [_____ cP and _____ cP] for
hydraulic conductivities between [_____ and _____].]

h. If a polyurethane grout is used for void filling, the grout must have
a specific gravity between 1 and 1.4. The viscosity requirements must
be submitted as part of the work plan [must be less than [40 cP][100
cP][500 cP][1,000 cP].]

[ i. Sodium Silicate Grouts (Chemical Grout for temporary strengthening and

seepage control) must not be used for permanent applications as the
only grouting product). The minimum sodium silicate concentration
must be forty percent of the mix by volume. The sodium silicate must
be delivered in sealed containers or certified tank truck, and must be
accompanied by the supplier's certificate of origin. Provide the
supplier's certificate of origin to the Contracting Officer. Sodium
silicate in non-gelled liquid form, while not considered toxic, is
strongly alkaline and must be handled by authorized personnel only.
Injected or pluviated sand-grout samples must exhibit less than [1][2]
percent shrinkage. Grout gel and/or grouted material must not exhibit
objectionable odors such as ammonia. Sodium bicarbonate, sodium
aluminate and other reactants that produce a temporary grout will not
be allowed. The accelerator, if required, must be technical grade,
water soluble calcium chloride or other approved metal salt.]

[2.1.3 Containment Barriers

**************************************************************************
NOTE: If containment barriers are required to
prevent unwanted grout loss, either include this
requirement in the Drilling and Grouting Work Plan
to be submitted by the Contractor or add site
specific provisions in this paragraph.

Place an approved turbidity curtain as minimum containment barrier. The

grout-containment barriers must be of a material and design such that they
will restrict the escape of grout [into the body of water].[ If used,
forms must be of sufficient strength and design to contain the grout
materials. Barriers may be constructed of wood, steel, impermeable
geotextile, or other material accepted by the Contracting Officer, and may

SECTION 31 33 20 Page 27
 be single-use or reusable.] Barriers must be removed upon completion of
the work, unless otherwise approved by the Contracting Officer. Do not
perform grouting within 8 meters 25 feet of the leading edge of barriers.

]PART 3 EXECUTION

3.1 DRILLING EQUIPMENT

Supply equipment capable of advancing the grout pipe to the greatest

specified depth, or as required to meet the project objectives. Equipment
must be capable of drilling required hole depths at required diameters,
inclinations, and tolerances required to install grout pipes at the
locations and in the condition indicated. Any grout hole that is lost or
damaged due to mechanical failure of drilling equipment or inadequacy of
grout supply must be replaced by another hole, and drilled at no cost to
the Government.

3.2 GROUTING EQUIPMENT

**************************************************************************
NOTE: SECTION GROUTING EQUIPMENT, and associated
subsections, will apply to cementitious or solution
grouts as edited by the designer. Select
cementitious or solution grouting brackets in the
following subsections.
**************************************************************************

All grouting equipment used must be of a type, capacity, and mechanical

condition suitable for performing the work as approved by the Contracting
Officer. Provide all necessary equipment and materials, including but not
limited to; electric generators, compressors, heaters, hoses, containers,
valves, clamps, connections, and gauges to safely and efficiently conduct
and control the work [and minimize the impact to the existing structure].
Equip each main pump with recording instruments and gauges to document
continuous pressure, flow, and injection rate. Supply pressure gauges at
the pump, and at the grout pipe head. Grout injection is not permitted
without fully operational recording instrumentation and gauges in place.

The pumping unit must be equipped with piping and/or hoses of adequate
capacity to carry the [cementitious grout] [solution grout and reactant
solution components separately] from the point of mixing or batching to
the point of placement. The pumping unit must be capable of varying the
flowrate without changing the mixture proportions of the materials.
Distribution of proportioned grout, under pressure, to the grouting
locations must be monitored and controlled by separate, automatic
recording, flow rate meters and gauges. Any grout hole that is lost or
damaged due to mechanical failure of grouting equipment or inadequacy of
grout supply must be replaced by another grout hole at no cost to the
Government. Install all structural monitoring equipment required,
including ground movement monitoring devices.

3.2.1 Solution Grouting Equipment

Advance solution grouting using MPSP or installed temporary casing. Inject

solution grouts in accordance with paragraph GROUT PLACEMENT.

a. Provide solution grouting equipment having the capacity and mechanical

capability to perform the specified work. Maintain equipment in
operating condition at all times. Monitor and record constituent

SECTION 31 33 20 Page 28
 components and final mix volumes and pressures. Injection pumps must
meet the grout manufacturer's recommendations per the selected
grouting products.

b. Solution Grout Plant - The grout plant must be a continuous mixing

type capable of proportioning and mixing to provide a continuous
supply of pumped grout with a gel time established in paragraph
SOLUTION GROUT MIX DESIGN. Batch-type systems are not permitted.
Equip main pumps with positive displacement meters, capable of
recording data, constructed of materials that are non-corrodible for
the intended products, and that operate independently of the viscosity
of the fluid. Provide a pumping unit with the capability to vary the
rate of pumping while maintaining the component ratios constant.

c. Pumping Unit - Equip with piping and hoses of adequate capacity to

carry the base grout and reactant solutions separately to the point of
mixing. The hoses must contain check valves to prevent backflow.
Place a water flushing connection or valve in the line to facilitate
flushing the grout between grouting sessions. Distribute proportioned
grout under pressure, to the grouting locations monitored by separate,
automatic real-time display, flow rate indicators and gauges. Provide
a sampling valve beyond the point of mixing and the baffling chamber,
easily accessible for sampling mixed grout.

d. Provide, at the site, the required quality control testing apparatus

including hydrometers, balance scales, graduates, viscometers, and
other devices required to conduct acceptance tests, proportioning
tests, and grout quality tests.

e. Provide redundant equipment to include, but not be limited to, hoses,

headers, fittings, pumps, gauges, sensors, and instrumentation systems
to ensure work can commence without interruption.

f. Grout delivery system must be via MPSP, through injection rams,

lances, and probes, or open ended casing pipe.

3.2.2 Cement Grout Equipment

Select the appropriate storage vessels, proportioning equipment, hoses,

measurement and control systems, mixing plant, transfer pumps, agitator,
circulation systems, valves, injection pumps, and all other required
equipment for grouting. The pumping unit must be capable of controlling
the rate of flow of material as required to deliver the grout in a
controlled manner. The unit must be equipped with a manufacturer's
certified flow meter to measure the amount of grout injected at each
location. All equipment must be maintained in a condition that allows
safe operation and must be inspected before and after each shift. Any
hoses, fittings, pipes, gauges or other equipment exhibiting significant
wear or degradation must be promptly removed from service, tagged and
replaced with safe and appropriate components. In addition, equipment
must meet the following requirements:

a. Equipment for mixing and injecting cement grout - Designed for

grouting service; maintained throughout duration of work to be capable
of mixing, agitating, and forcing grout into grout holes, in a
continuous flow, at required pressures in accordance with this
specification.

b. Mixer Type: Must utilize a high speed colloidal mixer, sized to

SECTION 31 33 20 Page 29
 adequately supply a single grout pump at its full rated capacity.

c. Mixer Capacity: The mixer capacity must be as submitted and approved

in the Drilling and Grouting Work Plan, but not be less than 400[750]
Liters 100[200] gallons. The mixer must have an accurate water meter
reading to within 0.5 percent, for measuring the amount of mixing
water added to dry ingredients for the grout.

d. Provide grout pump capable of developing pressure in a continuous,

uniform manner, without pulsation, at grout hole connections up to the
maximum pressure required.

e. Hose for pressure grouting: Inside diameters must be sufficient for

the expected flow rate identified in the Drilling and Grouting Work
Plan with a rated burst pressure of at least 4 times the maximum
working pressure.

f. Arrange grouting equipment to permit accurate pressure control at

grout hole connection. Keep equipment and lines clean by circulation
of grout and by periodic flushing with water.

g. Configure equipment so flushing can be accomplished with grout intake

valves closed, with water supply valve open, and with grout pump
running at full speed. Suitable check-valves must be placed in the
grout lines at the proper locations to prevent backflow.

h. In addition to grout mixer, provide mechanical agitator tanks equipped

with suitable screens.

i. Provide one pressure gauge on manifold hookup at collar of hole being

grouted. Use pressure gauge, with range that includes maximum
required injection pressure, and that can be read to an accuracy of at
least 35 kPa 5 psi. Furnish accurately calibrated, high-precision
gauge; use for weekly [daily] checks of accuracy of gauges used in
grouting. Submit initial and periodic gauge calibration records in the
Equipment Calibration and Certifications submittal.

j. Provide suitable stop valves at collar of hole for use in maintaining

pressure, as required, until grout has set. When MPSPs are proposed by
the Contractor, valves on the hole collar are not required.

k. Provide a totalizing type meter meeting the requirements of Paragraph

INSTRUMENTATION to accurately determine amount of grout injected.

l. Equip pump with by-pass valve to prevent sudden excessive grout

pressure from developing at the grout hole connection.

m. Sanded grout mixes can have sand added by batching and pumping grout
to an intermediate mixing unit where the sand can be dosed and added
to the mix outside of adding the material at the pump. Submit the
method to be used in the Drilling and Grouting Work Plan.

3.2.3 Instrumentation

a. Install a flow measuring device with an accuracy of plus or minus 5

percent in the grout line to measure and record the cumulative grout
volume pumped and flow rate.

b. Use a grout pressure sensor to measure, monitor, and record maximum

SECTION 31 33 20 Page 30
 and minimum grout pressure in the grout line on a time domain.

c. Monitor for ground heave or movement on a time domain.

3.3 GROUT HOLE DRILLING

**************************************************************************
NOTE: Hole spacing will depend on grouting
technique, grout materials, and the properties of
the soils being grouted. In general, for permeation
grouting, the primary hole spacing will vary from;
[2.5-3.5 meters] 7-10 feet for
cobbles/boulders/armor stone;
[1.5-1.7] meters4.5-6 feet for sands and gravels;
[1.2-1.5] meters3.5-5 feet for medium sand;
[1-1.2] meters3-4 feet for fine sand;
[0.8-1] meters2-3 feet for silty sand;
**************************************************************************

Perform the general sequence of drilling as approved in the Drilling and

Grouting Work Plan.

3.3.1 Drill Advancement

Advance grout holes at the diameter specified to support [installation of

temporary casing][ and ]installation of MPSPs for each hole location,
unless otherwise directed by the Contracting Officer. Be prepared to
advance the grout holes spaced every [_____] metersfeet through[
concrete][ gravels][ sands and gravels][ sands][ silts and sands][ silts
and clays][ cobbles][ boulders].

Drill grout holes at the locations and to the depths as shown on the
drawings, or as directed by the Contracting Officer. The locations must
be within 0.2 meter 0.5 foot (location of center of borehole) at the
ground surface of the directed location. Drilling or grouting of holes
that have been overdrilled will not be paid unless performed at the
direction of the Contracting Officer.

3.4 INSTALLATION OF GROUT PIPES

**************************************************************************
NOTE: Casing is required when a hole is not stable
or an area is not intended to be treated by the
grouting operation. Sleeve-port pipes can be used
for both permeation and void grouting. Oversized
casing is typically not required for void/permeation
grouting.
**************************************************************************

Maintain an open hole from time of drilling to grouting. Utilize

temporary/permanent casing, MPSPs, or other methods to safely install
grout as approved in the Drilling and Grouting Work Plan. All casing, if
used, must be installed tight against the adjacent ground to prevent grout
travel to the surface. Either of the following methods are permitted:

Advance temporary casing before installing the MPSP. Provide re-groutable

MPSP with grout ports at maximum in 0.3 or 0.6 meters 1 or 2 foot
increments on center along the pipe, and covered by expandable rubber
sleeves. Thermoplastic sleeves are not permitted. Use a centralizer
while installing the MPSP. If the MPSP cannot be placed to the full depth

SECTION 31 33 20 Page 31
 drilled, restore the open hole at no additional cost to the Government.
Installation of MPSP within a borehole requires a weak grout to fill the
annular space between the MPSP and the borehole wall in order to prevent
unwanted grout communication within the annulus. This annulus grout
material is integral to the installation of the MPSP and must be included
in the agreed price for installation of grout pipes. This material will
typically be an A-Mix Grout.

Steel pipes or lances that are vibrated or hammered into place are
permissible to double as casing and the grout pipe, as long as the
injection point is protected and can be opened and closed down hole to
prevent clogging. The diameter of casing and grouting pipes may vary
based on means and methods approved in the Drilling and Grouting Work
Plan. The following requirements apply:

a. Provide the proper devices to horizontally and vertically align the

drilling rigs and grout pipes as required to complete drilling and
grouting. If adjustments in location are required to avoid
obstructions or due to accessibility, contact the Contracting Officer
for approval prior to drilling.

b. Place grout pipes in accordance with the approved work plan.

c. Grout pipes may be installed, inclined or vertically, to obtain the

planned grout coverage between adjacent grout pipes. A continuous
brittle sheath grout mix can be placed in the hole with the MPSP
installed through the grout. Grouted MPSPs are not required if
grouting is completed through open ended casing or with the use of a
ram, lance, or probe.

d. Grout through the MPSP with an internal double packer to inject grout
at each sleeve-port. Double packers are not required if grouting is
completed through open ended casing or with the use of a ram, lance,
or probe.

e. Fill and replace any grout holes that are lost or damaged due to
mechanical failure of the equipment, inadequacy of grout supply,
improper injection procedure, or inadequate coverage at no cost the
Government.

f. Measure the cased depth with a weighted tape prior to grouting.

g. Adequately protect grout pipes from hazards.

h. Once the grout pipe is lowered to the full hole depth the grout pipe
must not be withdrawn from the ground until grout injection for each
stage is completed.

i. After completion of grouting in each area, fill all holes and leave
the area clean of debris.

j. Provide grout pipe pulling jacks, or other mechanical withdrawal

means, capable of safely withdrawing steel casing in specified
increments during grouting.

3.5 GROUT PLACEMENT

**************************************************************************
USACE Engineering Manual EM 1110-2-3506 GROUTING

SECTION 31 33 20 Page 32
 TECHNOLOGY recommends that grouting in soil not
exceed an effective pressure of 1/2 psi per foot of
depth. This requirement is conservative, and is
based on experience grouting in embankment dams.
Typically, allowable grouting pressures will exceed
this value based on the scope and intent of the
grouting. For any application where structural harm
to a facility or loss of life may result, it is
recommended to restrict grouting pressures to less
than 90% of the theoretical effective hydrofacture
pressure and to demonstrate methods in the field to
establish safe grouting pressures to complete the
work.

Do not use high pressures for grouting near dams.

If grouting in or within 61 meters 200 feet of a
dam, adherence to Engineering Regulation 1110-2-1807
is required. Increase the minimum offset as prudent
to protect the structure.

Upstage grouting is typically (but not always) the

preferred method. Downstaging is required if
worried about isolation or confinement. A
combination of methods may be necessary to meet the
designers purpose. Complicated grout jobs and/or
inexperienced designers should consult with industry
or an A/E before methods are specified.

Inject grout on a continuous basis until grouting for any given stage is
complete without damaging the structural integrity of existing or
appurtenant structures. Conduct surface pressure test of each grout stage
from the manifold to the injection point, or equivalent to the maximum
hole depth, to ascertain system pressure differential. Use this measured
pressure for estimating appropriate grouting pressures for production
grouting.[ Temporary high injection pressures are permitted to crack open
sleeve-ports, but these pressures are not allowed for longer than
[10][_____] seconds.] Stoppages in the grout injection must not be longer
than the established working time for the last grout that has been
injected. Perform all grouting operations in the presence of the
Contracting Officer. Any deviations or changes must be approved by the
Contracting Officer.

3.5.1 Permeation Grouting and Small Voids

**************************************************************************
NOTE: Grouting increments must match sleeve port
pipe openings. Note that items A-C must be specified
for all jobs. Item D may be required for sensitive
projects where the potential for overpumping grout
may result in structural damage. The volume of voids
in the soil stratum must be known, generally 0.2-0.4
for sands and gravels. This should be determined
from soil gradations.
**************************************************************************

Perform permeation grouting using upstage grouting in [0.3][0.6] meters

[1][2] foot increments. Limit grouting to the stage that is being
treated. Complete holes according to the locations and sequences
indicated on the plans. Inject grout until the specified volume or

SECTION 31 33 20 Page 33
 pressure thresholds are obtained, or a decision has been made to split
space additional holes. Withdraw the grouting apparatus at suitable
intervals to grout each grout stage. Sequence permeation grouting so that
grouting does not take place within 1 meter 3 feet of recently grouted
holes that have not reached the gel time for solution grout or the set
time for cement grout. The termination header pressure may be adjusted in
the field with approval of the Contracting Officer. Adjust injection
procedures as required to prevent excessive surface or structure heave.
The following criteria apply:

a. Pressure thresholds: Do not exceed 90 percent of the theoretical

hydrofracture pressures based on the material type.[ The effective
grouting pressure for any stage cannot exceed [_____] kPa [_____] psi
per meter foot as determined at the mid-point for the stage.]

b. Rate threshold. In any event, the rate of injection into any port must
not exceed [4][8][_____] liters [1][2][_____] gallons per minute.
Adjust injection procedures, (injection rate, mix design, and
pressure), as required to prevent excessive heave.

c. Heave threshold: Stop grouting if 3 millimeters 1/8 inch of surface

deflection is observed in any grout stage, or if grout is observed at
the ground surface.

[ d. The volume threshold for each stage is determined by the equation:

Pi*(Hole spacing/2)^2*Stage Length*Volume Voids Percentage. The volume
of voids percentage will vary from [0.2 to 0.4] based on [sands and
gravels] in Stratum [_____]. [Grouting requires installation of grout
plugs, as necessary to control grout loss.][Grouting requires a thick
mix in the first grouting line to control grout loss.]]

[ e. If a volume threshold is met, the Contracting Officer may require that

the hole rest at least 12 hours for [gelling] [setting] before
additional grouting is permitted in the remaining stages.]

f. Repeat grouting operations until termination criteria is reached for

each successive stage.

g. Completely fill grout holes to the ground surface.

3.5.2 Ground Movement Monitoring Plan

**************************************************************************
NOTE: Utilities and allowable displacements must be
determined as part of the design through
coordination with local utility providers, owners,
and regulatory agencies.
**************************************************************************

Monitor existing ground surface and structures within a radius of 8 meters

25 feet of each permeation grout column at all times during grout
injection with laser levels, manometers, or other such equipment to
immediately detect movement. Underground utilities that could be affected
by grout intrusion and located within 15 meters 50 feet of the permeation
grout holes must also be monitored at all times so that any intrusion of
grout will be immediately detected. Provide a direct communication system
linking the grout pump operator, the personnel at the grout pipe, and the
personnel at the monitoring points/equipment. Damage to the existing
underground utilities or surrounding buildings or other structures as a

SECTION 31 33 20 Page 34
 result of the failure to detect movements of the ground or intrusion of
grout into the piping system must be repaired in kind at the Contractor's
expense.[ Maximum allowable displacement of underground utilities must
not exceed a total of 6 millimeters 0.25 inches.] Perform manufacturers
recommended calibration of any ground movement monitoring equipment and
provide initial and periodic records in the Equipment Calibration and
Certifications submittal.

[3.5.3 Automated Grouting Data Collection System (AGDCS)

**************************************************************************
NOTE: Automated grouting data collection systems
are becoming more prevalent and may be options for
large jobs where a lot of data is generated in a
short period of time.
**************************************************************************

Provide, set up, maintain, and operate the AGDCS. Utilize the system
during all grouting operations. Include in the AGDCS all necessary
equipment, materials, computer hardware, and software to direct grouting
operations in accordance with these specifications and collect and display
digital data in real-time. Ensure the system is capable of producing data
in hard copy and digital formats. Perform manufacturer's recommended
calibration of any AGDCS equipment utilized, and provide initial and
periodic records in the Equipment Calibration and Certifications
submittal.

[Link] AGDCS Equipment Capabilities

The AGDCS must have the following capabilities:

a. Monitor and record all grouting including but not limited to mix type,
[line losses], target pressure, gauge pressure, total volume, flow
rates and apparent Lugeon values at the midpoint of each stage.

b. Calculated maximum total pressures from the specified gravity pressure

criteria

c. Measure effective pressure in the ground. Calculate effective

grouting pressure based on 1) pressure readings in the grouting zone,
minus 2) the pressure provided by the local water table.

d. The automated system must have the ability to continuously monitor the
grouting operation without interference or interruption to the grout
injection process while grouting a stage when a mix change is
warranted.

e. List of cumulative drilling and grouting issues including but not

limited to broken PVC, lost tooling , hole communications, rod drops,
fluid loss etc.

f. Correct and reduce the collected data to account for correction

factors and field parameters (pressure head losses, pressure
measurements, actual depth of the stage being grouted, groundwater
influence, mix batching/cycling).

g. Export raw data files into a non-proprietary file format and produce
tabular digital records as specified in Section 01 31 20 PROJECT
TECHNICAL DATA MANAGEMENT AND VISUALIZATION, paragraph "DATA

SECTION 31 33 20 Page 35
 REQUIREMENTS".

h. Capable of producing graphs in Microsoft Excel format. Propose

specific reporting graph design and the use of other file formats
within this submittal.

i. Graphically display in real-time, record, and plot, the following at a

minimum:

(1) Total volume of grout placed in the stage;

(2) Gauge pressure, [total pressure,] and [effective pressures,] [and

measured effective pressure,] at active zone being grouted;

(3) Start and stop times of grout injection;

(4) A continuous dotted line showing the target pressure;

(5) Rate of injection (volume per time);

(6) The time, type and volume of a particular grout mix for the full
duration of the grouting;

(7) Plots for Time History of flow and pressure;

(8) The entire grouting record for the stage versus time[;][.]

[ (9) A consistent time scale must be plotted on real-time plots.]

[Link] Automated Grouting Data Collection System (AGDCS) Submittal

Include the following information about the automated grouting data

collection program in the submittal:

a. System name and manufacturer.

b. The calculations for producing effective pressure.

c. Describe the process for data input to the system.

d. Describe the process for data storage for all generated data,
including but not limited to grouting, testing, or other required
processes.

e. Describe the data visualization (e.g., GIS mapping, CAD profiles, and
plots) methodology, including any data transformations.

f. Describe methodology used for export of data to[ Excel Spreadsheets][

Enterprise Database].

g. Data backup process used to ensure no data loss occurs.

h. Screenshots of raw data format and typical plots.

i. Example grout log showing change in mix type.

]3.6 FIELD QA/QC PROCEDURES

Perform all grouting operations under the supervision of the Contracting

SECTION 31 33 20 Page 36
 Officer. In addition, the Quality Control Manager must be present during
grouting operations.

3.6.1 Drilling Logs

Keep records of all drilling operations and all quantities associated with
the drilling activities. Submit complete, legible records of the
locations, depths and designations of all grout holes drilled [as an
attachment to submitted DAILY RECORDS][ as directed by the Contracting
Officer]. The drilling logs must utilize the [USACE Form 1836 and 1836
Continuation][_____] Form for drilling logging, including the date, hole
ID, hole northing and easting, top elevation, and station, drill rig ID,
driller ID, logger ID, start and stop times for drilling, and ground
surface description. Describe any unusual drilling conditions encountered
including but not limited to discontinuities, voids, soft zones, hole
collapse, hole communication, water loss, or other conditions. Survey all
Primary and Verification holes.

3.6.2 Daily Records

Daily data and quality control records must be available to the

Contracting Officer at all times. Submit field records upon completion of
the hole. Submit digital records for each grout hole to the Contracting
Officer within 7 days of grout injection.[ Use an automated grouting data
collection system to record grouting injection operations. Provide all
raw data outputs from the AGDCS within [12][_____] hours of generation.]
Maintain accurate daily records of all grout pipe installation, drilling
logs, grouting quantities including stage data, volume, ground monitoring,
pressure and depth for each grout pipe location in accordance with the
following:

a. Draft and final drilling logs.

b. Hole ID,[ hole series,] hole[ station and offset][ latitude and
longitude].

c. [Hole][ Casing and MPSP] top and bottom elevation, depth, and diameter
of hole.

d. Hole inclination (vertical = 90 degrees).

e. Stage geologic formation.

f. Grout stage ID, date, injection depth and elevation, grout mix ID.

g. Stage target effective pressure and target gauge pressure.

h. Injection pressure, flow rate, and volume in liters gallons for each
grout mix injected for each grout stage[ and grout zone] summarized
for each grout hole.[ Include[ w:c Ratio][ Solution grout
percentages][ placed each hole.]]

i. Maximum pressure and flow rate reached in each zone.

j. Summary of grout mixes used for each grouting effort with itemized
total quantities of grout materials placed vs quantity of grout wasted.

k. Location and number of grout holes completed.

SECTION 31 33 20 Page 37
 l. Depth at which ground heave/displacement was detected.

m. Depth at which grout intrusion into an underground piping system or

communication with another grout hole is detected.

n. Presence of any of the following:

(1) Voids or changes in drill advancement rate in soil or other

material with depths to the top and bottom of each void.

(2) Groundwater depth.

(3) Unusual or unexpected conditions including communication, bypass,

etc.

Submit data electronically in a[ .csv][ .xls][, or other] ASCII-readable

format. Submit clear, legible analog records in [PDF] format.

3.7 GROUT MONITORING

**************************************************************************
NOTE: Requirements for water quality monitoring are
site specific and must be coordinated with local,
state, and federal agencies based on the scope and
sensitivity of the project. It is the
responsibility of the Government to determine what
these requirements are and include them in the
Contract.
**************************************************************************

a. Closely monitor the rate of grout take during grout injection.

Determine the cause of sudden drops in grout injection pressures
following initial start-up pressure adjustments.

b. Cementitious Grout flow rate must be monitored by magnetic flow meter

or coriolis mass flow meter during all grout injection. Gauges must
be provided at the pump, and at the grout pipe head, to measure
pressure. Type and location of gauges must be approved by the
Contracting Officer in the Drilling and Grouting Work Plan. All
pressure gauges must be certified for accuracy to within plus or minus
5 percent and submitted under the Equipment Calibration and
Certifications submittal.

c. Periodically monitor paved areas and the ground surface adjacent to

the grouting site for grout leakage. In the event that grout leaks
are observed, temporarily terminate injection and plug leaks before
resuming pumping.

d. If excessive grout take is experienced that is not attributable to

leakage, change injection pressure, pumping rates, gel or setting
times, or grout composition, subject to approval by the Contracting
Officer, to reduce grout use to acceptable levels.

e. For storm drains located within the grout zone and in close proximity
to the grout injection points, perform water quality monitoring
continuously during grouting.

SECTION 31 33 20 Page 38
3.7.1 Grout Data Logger

Use a Grout Data Logger, at each individual grout header, capable of

electronically storing and displaying the hole number, date and time of
the start and stop of grout injection, continuous flow rates, injection
pressures, and total grout placed for each grout hole. Perform
manufacturer's recommended calibration of any equipment utilized, and
provide initial and periodic records in the Equipment Calibration and
Certifications submittal.

3.8 TESTING

The Contracting Officer reserves the right to require additional field

testing if the grout appears to be out of specification tolerances.

[3.8.1 Solution Grouting

**************************************************************************
NOTE: Only select the second strength verification
paragraph if the verification program requires
confirmation of the soil strength post grouting.
**************************************************************************

a. Production Strength Test: Prepare lab strength tests using the

approved grout mix applied to three samples of [Ottawa sand] [material
obtained on-site] for every 950 liters 2,500 gallons of grout injected
in accordance with ASTM D4219. Verify strength requirements are met as
approved in Paragraph "Solution Grout Mix Design".
[
Strength Verification Tests: During verification hole drilling, core a
minimum of [three][_____] boreholes to obtain a total of [9][_____]
recovered samples to verify the grouted zones have been thoroughly
permeated and stabilized with grout. Perform compressive strength
tests on the retrieved samples for each location per ASTM D4219.
Verify the strength meets the requirements approved in Paragraph
"Solution Grout Mix Design".]

b. Production Viscosity Test: Verify the viscosity of the grout mix 1

time per [shift] for each grout mix used in accordance with the
manufacturer's recommendations. Ensure the viscosity meets the
requirements approved in Paragraph "Solution Grout Mix Design".

c. Permeability Verification Test: Conduct falling head tests per the

[Hvorslev Method,] [_____] in each open verification hole between two
previously grouted holes. Conduct the test for a period of [4][8]
[_____] hours to verify the design permeability of [_____] cm/s[_____]
in/s was achieved. Pump the hole out upon completion, and grout the
hole per the same methods as production holes. Verify of the grout
hole refuses. Split spaced holes are required if the verification hole
fails permeability and does not reach refusal.
[
d. Solution Grout Gel Times: Determine minimum and maximum gel times to
ensure appropriate penetrations of grout into the grouted material.
For gel time quality control, take at least one sample every [4] hours
of pumping for each grout mix used. Verify gel time requirements are
met as approved in paragraph SOLUTION GROUT MIX DESIGN. Properly
label gel samples and store until completion of the work.]

SECTION 31 33 20 Page 39
][3.8.2 Cementitious Grouting

**************************************************************************
NOTE: Items A-F are specific to permeation and
small void grouting. Item G applies to all.
**************************************************************************

a. Production Viscosity Test: Perform Marsh Funnel testing in accordance

with ASTM D6910/D6910M 1 time per shift for each grout mix used. The
Marsh time must meet the requirements approved in paragraph
CEMENTITIOUS GROUT MIX DESIGN.[ The Marsh time must be between [____]
and [____] seconds for stratum [_____].]
[
Perform flow cone test, if used, in accordance with ASTM C939/C939M
1 time per [shift] for each grout mix used. The flow cone time must
meet the requirements approved in paragraph CEMENTITIOUS GROUT MIX
DESIGN.]

b. Production Strength Test: Perform [7] [28]-day unconfined compressive

strength test per ASTM D4832/D4832M every 950 liters 2,500 gallons of
grout batched to verify strength meets the requirements approved in
paragraph CEMENTITIOUS GROUT MIX DESIGN.[ Test each grout mix when
used in production weekly].

c. Production Pressure Filtration Test: Conduct pressure filtration test

in accordance with API RP 13B-1, low-pressure/low-temperature at least
[1] time[s] per week for each grout mix used. Must meet requirements
approved in paragraph CEMENTITIOUS GROUT MIX DESIGN.

d. Production Bleed Test: Conduct bleed tests in accordance with ASTM C940
at least [1] time[s] per week for each grout mix used. Must meet
requirements approved in paragraph CEMENTITIOUS GROUT MIX DESIGN.

e. Cementitious Grout Set Time: Set Time is between 8-24 hours in

accordance with ASTM C191, method 'A'. Test [1][_____] time per week.

f. Permeability Verification Test: Conduct falling head tests per the

[Hvorslev Method,] [_____] in each open verification holes between two
previously grouted holes. Conduct the test for a period of [4][8]
[_____] hours to verify the design permeability of [_____] cm/s[_____]
in/s was achieved. Pump the hole out upon completion, and grout the
hole per the same methods as production holes. Verify of the grout
hole refuses. Split spaced holes are required if the verification hole
fails permeability and does not reach refusal.

g. Temperature must be between 50-90 degrees F tested 1 time per shift.

][3.9 DEMONSTRATION SECTION

**************************************************************************
NOTE: Tailor the section as needed based on the
materials to be grouted.
**************************************************************************

After the Drilling and Grouting Work Plan is submitted, and at least
[7][_____] days prior to initiating work, complete a demonstration section
meeting the following requirements:

a. Verify the grout mixes are appropriate and effective for the

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 subsurface material characteristics.

b. Demonstrate capabilities of proposed personnel, equipment, and

materials.

c. Refine methodology and equipment; technical approach; and grout mix

designs based on performance.

d. Demonstrate methods are effective at accomplishing the scope:

To verify permeability, advance [_____] verification borings to

include falling head permeability tests per the requirements herein.
[
To verify strength and void filling, advance [_____] verification
borings to obtain core for unconfined compressive strength testing per
the requirements herein.]
[
To verify strength and void filling, conduct [Standard Penetration
Testing (SPT)] [Cone Penetrometer Testing (CPT)] between two completed
grout holes for the full depth of the hole.]
[
Excavate a test pit to expose a grouted hole for inspection.]

e. Demonstrate the compatibility of the proposed materials, including

water source, equipment, and personnel to complete the work.

[ f. Demonstrate protocols to protect the integrity of the structure

against construction induced damage. Demonstrate emergency procedures
if damage occurs.]

][3.10 GROUT CONTAINMENT

Contain grout by a combination of physical barriers suitable for the

grouting program design. Place containment only in areas to be grouted
within 24 hours of placement so as to limit the need to replace
containment measures over time. Immediately stop grouting or adjust the
grout mixes and pump rates if it is determined that the grout is too thin
to be contained by the containment measures.

[As a minimum, place [[____] millimeters [____] inches diameter, [_____]

millimeters [_____] inches thick stone protection,] to a depth of [_____]
meters [_____] feet along the slope of the structure in the area to be
grouted.][ As a minimum, install a correspondingly sized approved
turbidity silt fence on the interior side of the structure to at least the
same depth.][ Consult weather and water stage forecasts, and adjust
placement of containment measures that might be damaged or rendered
ineffective before grouting operations in those areas.]

]3.11 SITE RESTORATION

a. Remove grout pipes installed from surface. [Sleeve port pipes to be

cut off flush with the ground surface].

b. Promptly clean up spilled materials and grout.

c. Restore street pavement and sidewalks in accordance with requirements

of local jurisdiction.

d. Where grouting or grout operations are performed from the ground

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 surface, restore grouting locations to their existing condition,
including re-paving of the street right of way in areas where grout
holes have been installed.

3.12 DATA MANAGEMENT

3.12.1 AS-BUILT DRAWINGS AND GROUTING PROFILES

Maintain progress drawings in the field and provide to the Government

[weekly][monthly]. Include at least one updated plan view showing total
grout volume for all grout holes. In profile, display stage pressure and
volume for each grout hole. Use the progress drawings to develop the
as-built drawings for submittal to the Government. Submit drawings of
as-built grouting locations detailing grout volumes and pressures for each
incremental grout injection upon completion of grouting activities[ for
each alignment].[ Include separate profiles for drilling and grouting
information.]

Produce drawings at scale of [1:250] or [1:150]. Provide separate sheets

for 1) plan view, 2) [section] [profile] view(s) of drilling including
lost tooling and interpretive geology, 3) [section] [profile] view(s) of
grouting results. Submit records in [hard copy (2 copies),] [electronic
format on CD or DVD,] in native file formats, and in .pdf, on the project
SFTP site.[ Drawing views of progress drawings that are unchanged from
the previous week do not need to be submitted in hard copy, but the
electronic copy must still be submitted.]

3.13 COMPLETION REPORT

Fourteen days prior to the Contract completion, prepare and submit a

drilling and grouting final report that covers all the activities
throughout construction. Submit[ three][ five] hard copies of the
complete report, and a digital copy of the report. Include all forms,
sketches, drawings, tables, graphs, and color photographs, or other
supporting materials, as necessary to provide a full understanding of how
the work was accomplished and any difficulties, problems, or unusual
conditions which were encountered. The report must 'standalone' and not
reference other material to the maximum extent possible, except for the
As-Built drilling and grouting drawings.

Submit the final report no later than [30][60] days after grouting the
final hole.[ Submit an outline of the report for approval when 50 percent
of the construction is completed.] The report must contain the following
at a minimum:

a. The equipment used, final layout of the grout holes, grout takes by
hole, problems encountered and solutions applied.

b. Drilling records including hole [easting and northing] [latitude

longitude], elevation and depths, [hole azimuth and inclination,]
vertical and horizontal datums used to survey the holes, and any
applicable reference coordinate systems. Include the same data for all
survey control points.

c. Include grout quantity pumped versus time for each completed stage in
the project. Provide plots of grout injection (flow) and grout
pressure versus time for each completed stage in the project. Include
in a graphical presentation a depiction of pressure versus time where
the maximum and minimum pressures can be directly compared.

SECTION 31 33 20 Page 42
 d. A minimum of 15 annotated color photographs of each phase of
construction and equipment.

e. A discussion of the grout mix(es) used and quality control procedures

for maintaining the grout mix required properties during production.
Include statistical analyses.

f. A descriptive list of any lost tooling, including type of tooling,

length, depth, batter, and location (station and offset).

g. Discussion of any deviations from the Drilling and Grouting Work Plan
submittal(s).

h. Instantaneous and Industrial Production rates for drilling and

grouting. Compare production rates achieved with the production rates
forecast in the baseline schedule.

i. Summary statistics of each test for each grout mix during the
Contract. Include: Mean, Median, Mode, Standard Deviation, and
95-percent confidence limit.

j. For compressive strength data, include plots of the [7-day and] 28-day
strength, for each mix, showing results versus time, with
specifications limits clearly delineated on the plots.

3.14 COMMUNICATIONS

Install a communications system that links (at a minimum) the grout

plants, grout injection stations, and all other operations on site as
necessary.[ Furnish two devices per shift to the Contracting Officer that
communicate on the Contractor's frequency or line for monitoring and
coordination of grouting operations. These will be returned by the
Contracting Officer at the end of grouting operations, and it should be
expected they will be subject to normal wear and tear.]

-- End of Section --

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