1 * r wft +

Unk gSr ks--------

^r wft +
Unk gSr ks-------* d for k xgj st hou j kx v kS
j mRl kg d ksçd V d j r hgSAbl t hou j kx
esav r hr d snq[knk; hi y ksad ksHkw y d j v k' kk v kS
j t hr d hubZnqfu; k d k Lokxr d j usd h
çsj. kk gSA
rwft +
Unk gSrksft +
Unxh dh t hr esa; D+
Q
hu dj
v xj dghagSLoxZrksmrkj yk t + ehu i j
; sx+e dsv kSj pkj fnu] fl re dsv kS j pkj fnu
; sfnu Hkh t k; sa
xsxq t+j ] xq
t+
j x; sgt +
kj fnu
dHkh rksgksxh bl peu i sHkh cgkj dh ut + j
v xj dghagSLoxZrksmrkj yk t + ehu i j
rwft +Unk gSrks----------
lq
cg v kSj ' kke dsja xsgq , xxu dkspwedj
rwl q
ut+ ehu xk jgh gSdc l s>w e&>we dj
rwv k esjk l̄ xkj dj rwv k eq >sgl hu dj
v xj dghagSLoxZrksmrkj yk t + ehu i j
rwft +
Unk gSrks------------------
gt kj Hks"k èkj dsv kbZekS
r rsjs}kj i j
exj rq >su Ny l dh] pyh xbZoksgkjdj
ubZl qcg dsl a x l nk rq
>sfeyh ubZmej
v xj dghagSLoxZrksmrkj yk t + ehu i j
rwft +
Unk gSrks---------
gekjsdkjokadksea ft +
y ksadk ba
rt +
kj gS
; sv k¡fèk; ksa
] ; sfct fy; ksadh i hB i j l okj gS
rwv k dne feyk dspy] pysa xs, d l kFk ge
v xj dghagSLoxZrksmrkj yk t + ehu i j
rwft +Unk gSrks---------
t+ehadsi sV esai yh v xu] i ysgS at +yt +
ys
fVdsu fVd l dsa xsHkw[ k jksx dsLojkt ; s
eql hcrksadsl j dq py] pysa xs, d l kFk ge
v xj dghagSLoxZrksmrkj yk t + ehu i j
rwft +Unk gSrks--------

1
 cqj h gSv kx i sV dh] cq j s gS
afny ds nkx+; s
u nc l dsa xs] , d fnu cusa xs ba
d y kc ; s
fxj sa +
xs Tkq
Ye ds egy] cusa xs fi Q
j uohu ?kj
v xj dgha gSLoxZrks mrkj yk t + ehu i j
rwft + Unk gSrks----------------
µ ' ka
d j ' kS
y sUæ

' kCnkFkZ
; D+Q hu & Hkjkslk
fl r e & T+kq
Ye
xqt+ j & chruk
peu & ckx+ ] iQ y okjh
q
cgkj & ' kksHkk] l q
Unjrk
T+kq
Ye & v R;kpkj
fl axkj & k̀a
Üxkj
dkj ok¡ & dkfi + Q
yk
t+ eha & t+ ehu
v xu & v kx
t+ yt + ys & Hkwda i
Loj kT; & v i uk jkT;
xfr fofèk%
1- v i uh d{kk esal ew
g dsl kFk l Loj xk; u dhft , A
2- dfork l sfuEu Jsf.k; ka
sds' kCnksadh l w
ph cukb, %
&
rRle rn~ H ko -
vjch&Qkjlh

2
 2 bZ
nxkg
çsepa n j fpr ; g d gkuhcky euksfoKku i j v kèkkfj r gS A; g d gkuhoa fpr cpi u d s
i fjfLFkfr; ka
si j ekfeZd <ax l sfVIi . khdjrhgSAvHkkoxzLr t hou cky eu dkso; Ld dhrjg l kps us
d sfy, et cw j d j r kgS
Agkfen f[ kykS usd ht xg v i uhnknhd sfy, fpeVk[ kj hn d j ykr kgS
vkjSnknhvehukdsfy, ; g n`'; xgjhl o ansukdhvfHkO;fDr dkdkj. kcur kgS Anknhdksyxrk
gS] d k' k! bl cPpsd ksHkhog l c d q N feyr k] t ksi M+
ksl d scPpsd ksfey r kgS
A
jet +
ku dsi w j srhl jkst +
ksadsckn v kt bZ n v kbZgS A xk¡o esafdruh gypy gS A
bZnxkg t kusdh rS ; kfj; k¡ gksjgh gS AyM+
a d sl cl sT+ ; knk çl Uu gS Amudh t scksaesadq
a csj dk
èku t ksHkjk gq v k gSAckj&ckj t sc l sv i uk [ k+ T+kkuk fudkydj fxursgS av kS
j [+
kq
' k gksd j
fi Q
j j[ k ysrsgS A egew
a n dsi kl ckjg i S l sgSA eksgfl u dsi kl i a
a æg i S
l sgS
A bul srks
a
v ufxur pht + sa[ kjhn l drsgS µf[ kykS
a us] feBkb; k¡] fcxq y ] xsan v kS
j u t kusD; k&D; kAv kS j
l cl sT+; knk çl Uu gSgkfenA og pkj&i k¡p l ky dk x+ j hc&l wj r] nq
cyk&i ryk yM+ d k]
ft l dk cki xr o"kZgS t sdh HkaV
s p<+x; k v kS j ek¡ u t kusD; ksai hyh gksrh&gksrh , d fnu
ej xbZ A v c gkfen v i uh cw <+
h nknh v ehuk dh xksn esal ksrk gS A
v Hkkfxu v ehuk v i uh dksBjh esacSBh jksjgh gSAv kt bZn dk fnu v kS
j ml ds?kj
esankuk ugha
! bl v a èkdkj v kS
j fujk' kk esaog Mw ch t k jgh FkhA
gkfen Hkhrj t kdj nknh l sdgrk gS µ^^rqe Mjuk ughav Eek] eS al cl si gys
v kšxkA fcYdq y u MjukA**
v ehuk dk fny dpksV jgk gS Axk¡o dscPpsv i us&v i uscki dsl kFk t k jgsgS A
a
gkfen dksdS l sv dsy sesy sesat kusnsAdgha[ kkst k, rksD; k gksxk\ uUgh&l h t ku! rhu
dksl pysxk dS l s! i S
j esaNkysi M+t k, ¡xsAt w
r sHkh rksughagS
Aog FkksM+
a h&FkksM+
h nw
j i j ml s
xkn
s ysysxh_ ysfdu ; gk¡ fl ob; k¡ dkS u i dk, xk\ èkksfcu] ukbu] es
grjkuh v kjS pw
fMg+kfju
l Hkh rksvk, x¡ hAl Hkh dksfl ob; k¡ pkfg, Al ky Hkj dk R;kg skj gS
A
xk¡o l sesy k pykAv kS
j cPpksadsl kFk gkfen Hkh t k jgk FkkAml dsi S
j ksadksrks
tS
l si j yx x, gS AdHkh&dHkh dksbZyM+
a d k dad M+h mBkdj v ke i j fu' kkuk yxkrk gS A
ekyh v anj l sxkyh nsrk gqv k fudyrk gSA yM+ d s[ kw
c g¡l jgsgSA
a
bZ
nxkg v k xbZAÅi j beyh ds?kuso`{kksadh Nk; kAuhpsi Ddk i Q ' kZgS
Ajkst s+
nkjksa
dh i a
fDr; k¡ , d dsi hNs, d nw j rd pyh xbZgS A ; gk¡ dksbZèku v kS
a j i n ughans[krkA
bLyke dh fuxkg esal c cjkcj gS A yk[ kksafl j , d l kFk fl t nsesa>q
a d t krsgS] fi Q
a j
l cds&l c , d l kFk [ kM+
sgkst krsgS] , d l kFk ?kq
a Vuksadscy cS Bst krsgSAdbZckj ; gh
a
fØ; k gksrh gS
]tSl sfct yh dh yk[ kksacfÙk; k¡ , d l kFk çnhIr gksav kS
j , d l kFk cq
> t k, ¡A

3
 uekTk+[ kRe gqbZ
Ayksx v ki l esaxysfey jgsgS A
a
rc feBkbZv kS j f[ kykSuksadh nq d kuksai j èkkok gksrk
gSArjg&rjg dsf[ kykS usga µfl i kgh] xq
S t fj; k] jkt k
v kSj odhy] fHk' rh] èkksfcu v kS j l kèkq A egew n
fl i kgh ysrk gS ] [+
kkdh onhZv kS j yky i xM+ h okyk]
da èksi j canwd j[ ksgq , A eksgfl u dksfHk' rh i l a n
v k; kAdej i j e' kd j[ ksAuw j dksodhy l sçse
gSA dkyk pksa xk] uhpsl Ý+ Qsn v pdu] , d gkFk esa
dkuw u dk i ksFkk fy, gq , A l c nks&nks i S l s ds
f[ kykSusgSA gkfen dsi kl dq
a y rhu i S l sgS ] brus
a
eg¡xsf[ kykS usog dS l sys\ dghagkFk l sNw V x; k]
rkspw j &pw
j gkst k, xk] i kuh i M+ k rksl kjk ja x èkq y
t k, xkA , slsf[ kykS
usysd j og D; k djsxk\
l c v i us&v i usf[ kykS
uka
sdh rkjhi Qdj jgsgS Agkfen yypkbZv k¡[ kksal sf[ kykS
a uksa
dksns[k jgk gS +
Apkgrk gSfd Tkjk nsj dsfy, gh l gh] og mUgsagkFk esaysl drkAog
gkFk v kxsc<+krk gSysfdu yMd + sbrusR;kxh ughagksrs] fo' ks"kdj t c v Hkh u; k ' kkS
d gS
A
gkfen yypkrk jg t krk gS A
feBkb; ksadh nqd kusav krh gS
Afdl h usjsofM+
a ; k¡yhgS
] fdl husxq
a y kc t kequ] fdl h
usl ksgu gyokAet sl s[ kk jgsgS Aysfdu gkfen! v Hkkxsdsi kl fl i Q
a Zrhu i Sl sgS
AD; ksa
a
ughadq N ysd j [ kkrk\
eksgfl u ml dh yypkbZut jsans[kdj dgrk gS µ^^gkfen] jsoM+
h ys[ kk] fdruh
[+k'qkcw
nkj gS A** t S
l sgh gkfen gkFk i Qy krk gS
S ] eksgfl u
jsoM+ h v i useq ¡g esaj[ k ysrk gS
Aegewn] uwj s] v kS
j l Eeh
[+kwc rkfy; k¡ ct k&ct kdj g¡l rs gS A gkfen f[ kfl ; k
a
t krk gS A
feBkbZdh nq d kuksadsckn yksgsdh pht + ksadh
nq
d kusagS
AyM+
a d ksadsfy, ; gk¡ dksbZv kd"kZ. k ughaFkkA
osl c v kxsc<+t krsgS A gkfen yksgsdh nq
a d ku i j
#d t krk gSAdbZfpeVsj[ ksgq , FksAml s[ +k; ky v k; k]
nknh dsi kl fpeVk ughagS Arosl sjksfV; k¡ mrkjrh gS ]
a
rksgkFk t y t krk gS] v xj og fpeVk yst kdj nknh
dks ns ns] rks os fdruh çl Uu gksa xh\ fi Q j mudh

4
m¡xfy; k¡ dHkh ughat ysa
xhA f[ kykS
usl sD; k i +
Q
k; nk! O;FkZesai S
l s[ +
kjkc gksrsgS
A
a
v Eek fpeVk ns[krsgh dgsa xhµ^esjk cPpk v Eek dsfy, fpeVk yk; k gS A* gt +
kjksa
nq
v k, ¡ nsa
xhA fi Qj i M+
ksl dh v kS
j rksadksfn[ kk, ¡xhA l kjsxk¡o esappkZgksusyxsxh] gkfen
fpeVk yk; k gS Afdruk v PNk yM+ d k gSAbu yksxksadsf[ kykS uksai j dkS
u nq
v k, ¡ nsxkAcM+ ksa
dh nq v k, ¡ l hèksv Yykg dsnjckj esai gq ¡prh gS av kS
j rqja
r lquh t krh gSA
a
nq
d kunkj l scM+ h eq
f' dy l seksy Hkko djdsgkfen usfpeVk rhu i S l ksaesays
fy; kAml sda èksi j j[ kk] ekukscanw
d gSv kS
j ' kku l sv dM+r k gq
v k l kfFk; ksadsi kl v k; kA
ekgsfl u usg¡l dj dgkµ^^; g fpeVk D; ka syk; k i xys\ bl l sD; k djsxk\ ** egew n ckys k]
^^fpeVk dkbsZf[ kyku Sk gS\ **
gkfen cksy k] ^^D; ksaugha\ v Hkh daèksi j j[ kk rksca
nwd gksxbZA gkFk esafy; k
i+
Qdhjksadk fpeVk gksx; kApkgw ¡ rksea
t hjsdk dke ysl drk gw ¡A, d fpeVk t ek nw
¡ rks
rq
e l cdsl kjsf[ kykSuksadh t ku fudy t k, Arq Egkjsf[ kykS
usesjsfpeVsdk cky Hkh ck¡d k
ughadj l drsA esjk cgknq j ' ksj gSµfpeVkA**
l Eeh us[ ka
t jh yh FkhAçHkkfor gksd j cksy kµ^^esjh [ ka t jh l scnyksxs\**
gkfen us[ kat jh dh v kjs mi s{kk l sns[kkµ^^esjk fpeVk pkgsrksrq Egkjh [ ka
t jh dk
i sV i Q
kM+MkysA** fpeVsusl Hkh dkseksfgr dj fy; kAv kS j ksausrhu&rhu] pkj&pkj i S l s[ +
kpZ
fd, ] i j dksbZdke dh pht +u ysl dsA gkfen usrhu i S l sesaja
x t ek fy; kA
l cusv i us&v i usf[ kykS
usnsd j fpeVk i dM+
usdk çLrko j[ kkAgkfen eku x; kA
fpeVk ckjh&ckjh l sl cdsgkFk esax; k v kS j mudsf[ kykS
usckjh&ckjh l sgkfen dsgkFk esa
v k, A fdrus[ +
kw
cl wj r f[ kykS
usgSA
a i j ml dk fpeVk rks#Lresfga n gS µl Hkh f[ kykS
uksadk
ckn' kkgA
xk¡o i gq
¡pdj cPpksausv i us&v i usf[ kykS
usl s[ ksy k] i j FksrksosfeV~Vh dsAdq N
gh nsj esaVwV&i QV x, Av c fe; k¡ gkfen dk gky l q
w fu, Av ehuk ml dh v kokT+ kl qursgh
nkS
M+
hAxkns esamBkdj I; kj djusyxhAl gl kml dsgkFk es afpeVk n[skdj og pkd a
Sh! ^^; g fpeVk
dgk¡l syk; k\**
^^eS
useksy fy; k gS
a A** ^^dSi S
l sesa
\ ** ^^rhu i S
l sfn, A**
v ehuk usNkrh i hV yhA; g dS l k csle> yM+ d k gS] u dq N [ kk; k u fi ; kAyk; k
D; k] fpeVkA ^^l kjsesy sesarq>sv kS
j dksbZpht u feyh] t ks; g yksgsdk fpeVk mBk
yk; k\ **
gkfen usv i jkèkh Hkko l sdgk] ^^rqEgkjh m¡xfy; k¡ rosl st y t krh Fkha
] bl fy,
eS
u
asbl sysfy; kA** cq
f<+; k dk Øksèk rq
ja
r Lusg esacny x; kA; g Lusg ew d Fkk] [ +kw
c Bksl]

5
jl v kS
j Lokn l sHkjk gqv kAcPpsesafdruk R;kx] fdruk l n~ Hkko v kSj
fdruk foosd gS ! nw
l jksadks f[ kykS
usysrs v kS
j feBkbZ[ kkrs ns[kdj
fdruk yypk; k gksxk eu! bruk t + Cr bl l sgqv k dS
l s! ogk¡ Hkh bl s
v i uh cq
f<+
; k nknh dh ; kn cuh jghAv ehuk dk eu xn~ xn~gksx; kA
v ehuk dh v k¡[ ksaHkj v kb±
Ankeu i Q y kdj gkfen dksnq
S v k, ¡
nsrh t krh Fkh v kS
j v k¡l q
v ksadh cM+
h&cM+
h cw
¡nsafxjkrh t krh FkhAgkfen
bl dk jgL; D; k l e>rkA
µ çsepa
n

' kCnkFkZ

v Hkkfxu & HkkX; ghu L=kh

xr & fi Nyk
fny d pksVuk & vi Q l ksl gksuk] eu esadl d gksuk] ?kcjkuk
bZnxkg & og LFkku t gk¡ bZ n dsfnu uekt +i <+h t krh gS
fl t ns & l Eeku esal j >q d kuk
fuxkg & nf̀"V] ut + j
çnhIr & t yk gq vk
e' kd & i ' kqdh [ kky l scuk FkS yk
fHk' r h & e' kd l si kuh Hkjusokyk
i ksFkk & eksVh fdrkc] dkW ih
mi s{kk & ut + jv ankt
foosd µ Hkys&cq j sdk Kku] l e>
t+ Cr & nck; k gq vk
xn~ xn~ & v R;Ur çl Uu
nkeu & v k¡py
Bksl & et + cwr

6
 ç' u&v H; kl
i kB l s
1- bZ
n dsfnu v ehuk D; ka smnkl Fkh \
2- gkfen feBkbZ; k f[ kykSusdscnysfpeVsdk p; u djrk gS A D; ksa\
3- esy k t kusl si gysgkfen nknh l sD; k dgrk gS\
4- esy sesafpeVk [ kjhnusl si gysgkfen dseu esadkS u&dkS
u l sfopkj v k; s\ o.kZ
u
dhft , A
5- gkfen usfpeVsdksfdu&fdu : i ksaesami ; ksx djusdh ckr dgh gS\
6- bZ
nxkg dgkuh v ki dksdS l h yxrh gS\ bl dh eq[ ; fo' ks"krk, ¡ crkb, A
7- fpeVk ns[kdj v ehuk dseu esadS l k Hkko t xk\

8- fuEufy f[ kr v uq
PNsn d ksi f<+
, v kS
j ml d sv kèkkj i j fn, x, ç' uksad s
mÙkj nhft ,
uekt +[ kRe gq bZAyksx v ki l esaxysfey jgsgS aArc feBkbZv kS j f[ kykS
us
dhnq d kuksai j èkkok gksrk gSArjg&rjg dsf[ kykS usgSµfl i kgh] xq
a t fj; k] jkt k v kS
j
odhy] fHk' rh] èkksfcu v kS j l kèkqAegew n fl i kgh ysrk gS] [+ kkdh onhZv kS j yky
i xM+h okyk] da èksi j canw
d j[ ksgq , Aeksgfl u dksfHk' rh i l a n v k; kAdej i j
e' kd j[ ksAuw j sdksodhy l sçse gSAdkyk pksa xk] uhpsl i Q sn v pdu] , d gkFk
esadkuw u dk i ksFkk fy, gq , Al c nks&nksi S l sdsf[ kykSusgS aAgkfen dsi kl dq y
rhu i Sl sgS] bruseg¡xsf[ kykS
a usog dS l sys\ dghagkFk l sNw V x; k] rkspw j &pwj
gkst k, xk] i kuhi M+ k rksl kjk ja
x èkqy t k, xkA, slsf[ kykSusysd j og D; k djsxk\

( d) uekt +[ kRe gku ssdsckn yksx D; k dj jgsFks\

([ k) nqd kuksaesafdl &fdl rjg dsf[ kykS usFks\
(x) osf[ kykS usfdl pht dscusFks\
(?k) egew n] eksgfl u v kS j uw j susdkS u&dkS
u l sf[ kykS
us[ kjhns\
(Ä) i fjPNsn esafl i kgh] fHk' rh v kS
j odhy dsgq fy; sdk o.kZu fd; k x; k gSA
bl h çdkj v ki jkt k v kS j l kèkqdsgqfy; sdk o.kZu dhft , A
(p) v uqPNsn esav k, fo' ks"k.k ' kCnksadksNk¡Vdj fyf[ k, A
(N) ^onhZ* v kSj ^i kF
skk* dsl ekukFkhZfyf[ k, A

7
i kB l sv kxs
1- egew n] eksgfl u] uw
j v kS
j gkfen esafdl dk pfj=k v PNk yxk\ dkj.k crkb, A
2- D; k gkfen cPpka sdh l kekU; Nfo l sv yx gVdj , d u; h Nfo çLrqr djrk gS
\
dSl s\
3- ^^pqukSr h cPpsdksi fji Do cuk nsrh gS A** bl mfDr dh O;k[ ; k dhft , A
4- ^R;ksgkj gekjst hou dsv fHkUu v a x gSA* bl dFku dh O;k[ ; k dhft , A
a
O;kd j . k
okD; esaç; ksx d hft , % µ
( d) jax t ekuk
([ k) xn~ xn~gksuk
(x) HksaV p<+ uk
(?k) cky ck¡d k u gku sk
(Ä) i Sj ksaesai j yxuk
(p) dq csj dk èku fey t kukA
xfr fofèk
1. esy sesav ki usD; k&D; k ns[kk] ml dk fp=k cukb, A
2. v i usf' k{kd l sjet +ku dsckjsesat kudkjh çkIr dhft , A
3. bZ
n v kSj eq gjZ
e esaD; k v a r j gS\ v i usf' k{kd l sl ef>, A
4. v ki d sv uq l kj fuEu i fj fLFkfr ; ksaesagkfen D; k d j r k\
&& ; fn ml dsi kl ckjg i sS l sgksrsA
&& ; fn ml dsi kl i a nzg i sS
l sgksrsA
&& ; fn ml dsl kFk ml dsfi rk gksrsA

8
 3 d eZ
ohj
d eZd sçfr fu"Bk ghO ; fDr d hl i Q yrk d k fuèkkZ
j . kd j rhgSAckèkk, ¡O ; fDrRo d ksfu[ kkj us
d k d ke d j rh gS
aAd fork ckèkkv ksal st w
> rsgq, mu d eZ ' khy yksxksad h ckr d j rhgS] t ks
l H; rk&l a
LÑfr d k fuekZ. k d j rsgS
aA
ns[kdj ckèkk fofoèk] cgq fo?u ?kcj krs ugha A
jg Hkjksl s Hkkx ds nq
[ k Hkksx i Nrkrs ughaAA
dke fdruk gh dfBu gks ¯drq mdrkrs ugha A
HkhM+ esa papy cus t ks ohj fn[ kykrs ugha AA
gks x; s , d v ku esamuds cq j s fnu Hkh HkysA
l c t xg l c dky esaosgh feysi Q y s&i Q
w ysAA

v kt djuk gS ft l s dj rs ml s gS a v kt ghA
l ksprs&dgrs gSat ks dq N] dj fn[ kkrs gSa oghAA
ekurs t h dh gS a] l q
urs gSa l nk l cdh dghA
t ksenn djrs gS av i uh bl t xr~esav ki ghAA
Hkwy d j os nwl jksa d k eq¡g dHkh rd rs ugha A
dkS u , slk dke gSos dj ft l s l drs ughaAA

t ks dHkh v i us l e; dks ; ksa fcrkrs gS a ughaA

d ke d jus dh t xg ckrsa cukrs gS a ugha AA
v kt &dy d jrs gq , t ks fnu x¡okrs gS a ughaA
; Ru d jus esa dHkh t ks t h pqjkr s gS a ughaAA
ckr gSog dkS u t ks gksrh ugha muds fd, A
os uewuk v ki cu t krs gS a v kS
j ksa ds fy , AA

fpyfpy kr h èkw i d ks t ks pk¡nuh nsosa cukA

dke i M+ us i j djsa t ks ' ksj dk Hkh l keukAA
t ksfd g¡l &g¡l ds pck ysrs gS ayksgs dk pukA
^gSdfBu dq N Hkhugha
* ft udsgSt hesa; g BukAA
dksl fdrus gh pysa ] i j os dHkh Fkdrs ugha A
dkSu&l h gSxk¡B ft l dks [ kksy os l drs ughaAA

9
dke dks v kjEHk djds ; ksa ugha t ks NksM+ r sA
l keuk dj ds ugha t ks Hkwy dj eq ¡g eksM+r sAA
t ks xxu ds i Q
y ckrksa l s oF̀kk ugha rksM+
w r sA
lai nk eu l s dj ksM+
ksa dh ugha t ks t ksM+
r sAA
cu x; k ghjk mU gha d s gkFk l s gSdkjcuA
dk¡p dksdjdsfn[ kk nsrsgS aosmTToy jru AA

i oZr ksa dks d kVdj l M+ d sa cuk nsrs gS

a osA
lSd M+ ksa e#Hkw
fe esa ufn; k¡ cgk nsrs gSa osAA
xHkZ esa t y&jkf' k ds csM+ k pyk nsrs gS a osA
taxyksa esa Hkh egkeaxy jpk nsrs gS a os AA
Hksn uHk&ry dk mU gksa
us gScgq r cryk fn; kA
gSmUgksa us gh fudkyh rkj dh l kjh fØ; kAA

dk; Z
&LFky dksosdHkhughai w Nrs^og gSdgk¡*A
dj fn[ kkrsgS av l a
Hko dksHkh l aHko osogk¡AA
my>usav kdj mU gsai M+r h gS
aft ruh gh t gk¡A
os fn[ kkr s gS
a u; k mRl kg mruk gh ogk¡A
Mky nsrs gS a foj ksèkh l S
d M+
ksa gh v M+
pusaA
os t xg l s dke v i uk Bhd djds gh Vysa AA

l c rjg l s v kt ft rus ns'k gS ai Qy s&i Q

w ysA
cqf¼] fo| k] èku] foHko dsgS at gk¡ MsjsMysAA
os cukus l s mU gha ds cu x, brus Hky sA
os l Hkh gS a gkFk l s , sl s l i w
r ksa d s i ysAA
yksx t c , lss l e; i kdj t ue ysa xs dHkhA
ns'k dh v kS* t kfr dh gksxh HkykbZHkh rHkhAA

µv ; ksè; kfl a
g mi kè; k; ^gfj v kS
èk*

10
 ' kCnkFkZ
ckèkk & : dkoV] Mj] Hk;
fofoèk & fofHkU u] v usd çdkj ds
cgq & cgq r ] T+
; knk
Hkkx & HkkX;
v ku & xkS j o dhHkkouk] çfrKk] l a
d Yi dhHkkouk
; Ru & ç; kl
mTToy & pedhyk
csM+k & t y; ku
foHko & , s'o; Z] nkSyr
liw r & v PNk csVk

ç' u&v H; kl
i kB l s
1- deZ ohj dhi gpku D; k gS
\
2- v i usns'k dh mU
ufr dsfy, v ki D; k&D; k dhft , xk\
3- v ki v i usdksdeZohj dSl sl kfcr dj l drsgS
a\
i kB l sv kxs
1- i fjJeh ds}kjk euksokafNr y{; dhçkfIr dh t k l drh gS
A dSl s\
2- ^^dy djSl ksv kt dj] v kt djSl ksv cA i y esai jy; gksbxk] cgq
fj djsxk
dcA** bl i afDr dk v FkZfyf[ k, A
3- v ki fdl sv i uk v kn' kZekursgS
av kS
j D; ksa
\
O;kd j . k
1- fn, x, ' kCnksal sfoi jhrkFkZd ' kCn&; qXe cukb, ] t S l s%µ v ehj&x+ j hc]
nq[ k] dfBu] HkykbZ
]lq [ k] t Ue] l jy] cq j kbZ
]l iw
r ] ej.k] fojksèkh] di w r ] l eFkZ
d]
vl a Hko] uHk] i Q
y ] v kja
w Hk] cqj k] ohj] l aHko] ry] ' kw y] v ar ] Hkyk] dk; j
2- l kekU ; okD; & jsfxLrku esat y <w ¡<+
uk cgq r dfBu gS A
eqgkojsnkj okD; & jsfxLrku esat y <w ¡<+
uk yksgsdspuspckusdh rjg gS A
mDr mnkgj.k dhrjg fuEufyf[ kr l kekU ; okD; ksadksHkheq gkojsnkj okD; ksaesacnfy, µ
(d) jes'k v i uhek¡ dk I; kjk yM+ d k gSA
([ k) i qfyl dksns[krsgh pksj Hkkx x, A

11
 5 gq
M: d k t y çi kr
a
l kekU;r%; k=kk or̀ka
r ksaesai kj a
i fj d : i l segÙoi w . kZ èkkfeZd v kjSl kaLÑfrd LFkkuksad k
o. kZu fd ; k t krk gS
A^gqM: d k t yçi kr* v kfnokl hl a
a LÑfr d hfof' k"Vrk d ksmHkkj usokyk
; k=kk or̀ka
r gSAbl nf̀"V l si kB mYys[kuh; gS Ai gkM+
] unh] t a xy d hl q nj rk d sl kFk gh] ml
a
bykd sesav kl kuhl smi yCèk v cj d v kS j d ks;yk[ knkuksad k Hkho. kZu gS A; kuhçÑfr d sl kFk
gh] euq "; d h ft t hfo"kk v kS j J e d h egÙkk d k Hkh l a ; kst u gS
Ai kB esacgq y oknh l aLÑfr
( l kekfl d l LaÑfr) d sçfr fo' okl çd V fd ; kx; k gS A>j usd hl q nj rkv kS
a j çkÑfrd n`' ; ksa
d h fof' k"Vrk d smn~ ?kkVu l si kB j ksp d cu x; k gSA
^^NksVkukxi qj LoxZdk , d Vq d M+
k gSA**
t+ ehu esagfj; kyh] v kdk' k esauhfyekAi x&i x i j i gkM+ ksadksns[kdj èkjrhHkh
ÅcM+ &[ kkcM+v kS j Å¡phgksxbZgS Arhozèkkjkv kS j x¡nysi kuhdsl kFkufn; k¡cy[ kkrhcg
jgh gS aft U gksa
useS nkuksadh Nkrh phjh gSv kS j i oZr ksadk v U
rj i Q ksM+
k gSA >kM+h&>qj eq
Vksa
]
i sM+
&i kS
èkksavkS
j yrk&xq Yeksadsl kFk t a xy v i uht xg i j v kckn gSft U gksa
ust a
xyht kuojksa
dks' kj.k fn; k gS A csgrjhu l M+ d saft udscukusesaBhdsnkjksadksde rjn~ nq
n v kSj foHkkx
dksde O;; i M+ k gS
] l k¡i dh rjg Hkkxh t k jghgS av kS
j mU
ghadsl kFk dq N l okjh i j]
dq NiS ny eq l kfi Qj Hkh æq r xfr l spyst k jgsgS A
a
èkjrhi j v kfnokfl ; ksadk uR̀
; gksjgk gSv kS j v kl eku esackny v k¡[ k&fepkS
uh
[ ksy jgsgSA t u&t u dsda
a B l seknd xhrksadhl f̀"V gksjghgSft ul si gkM+v kS j eS
nku
xw¡t jgsgS At a
a xyh t kuojksadh v kokt dsl kFk t a xy dk dksuk&dksuk cksy jgk gS A
fofp=k&fofp=k i f{k; ksadhpgdu l si sM+ ksadh' kk[ kk&' kk[ kk xq
yt +
kj gS
A
lqUnj t yok; q] eugj okrkoj.kAgokèkhjs&èkhjsMksy rhgSrksv i usl kFki Qy ksadh
w
lq
j fHk fc[ ksjrh pyrh gS A ckny èkhjs&èkhjscjl rs gSarksmul sLoLFk ' kjhj v kS
j lq U
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a
dksl Uqnj [ +
kjqkd] fpÙk dksLoPNrk v kS
j i fo=krk çnku djrsgS
A
a
[ kkuksaesadks;yk v kSj v cjd] t axy esarjg&rjg dh ydM+ h] i Q
y &i Q
w ufx; ksai j
q
ukprhfrrfy; k¡] i Q y&Hkkj l s>qd st k jgsi sM+
] ' kksHkk&l a
iUu v o.kZ uh; ?kkfV; k¡] l q
"kek dh
n' kZ
uh; ufn; k¡] gjhfrekokyseueksgd eS nku] eu i j t knw &t S
l k v l j djusokysi oZ r ] eLr
fuokl h bu l cdsl kFk] ; g NkV skukxi q
j gS
A
, d v ksj i F̀ohv i usdk"sk dksmxy jgh gS] rksog dks;yk cudj yksxksads?kjksa
esal ksuk yk jgk gS A , d v ksj i F̀oh v i uh ped&ned dk çn' kZu dj jgh gSrksog

18
v cjd cudj nq fu; k dk Ü
k̀a
xkj dj jgh gSA v i usfuja rj l a
?k"kZl s ufn; k¡ i R
Fkjksadks
[+kjkn&[ +
kjkn , d uohu v kdkj esaçLrq r dj jghgS ] rksml syksx ' osr ' kkfyxzke dgdj
a
iw
t rsgS Ai R
a Fkjksal sd#.kk dh èkkjk >j jgh gSft l syksx >juk dgdj fofLer Hkko l s
ns[krsgSA
a
bl NksVkukxi q
j esadbZn' kZ uh;
>jusgS ] i j muesagq
a M: dk >juk fujkyk
a
gSA eSat c Hkh jk¡ph x; k] gq M: ns[kus
a
t+: j t krk gw¡A ; g >juk gSft l usesjs
eu&çk.k i j t knwfd; k gS _ ; g >juk gS
ft l dh Lef̀r Hkw y rh ugha
_ ; g >juk gS
ft l dsckjsesafy[ krsgq, eS
av ?kkrkugha
A
jk¡ph l si q
#fy; kokyh l M+d i j 14 ehy t kusdsckn , d l M+ d feyrh gS
ft l l sgqM: i gq
a ¡prsgSAi q
a #fy; k jksM l sml dh nw
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A ; ksajk¡ph l sgq
M: 27
a
ehy nw j gSA
egkR ek xk¡èkhusdgkgSfd l kè; dhi fo=krk , oaegÙkkrHkhgSt c mldk l kèku
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y i j i gq
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l k gq
M: dk
a
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l k ml dk ekxZ A
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j dks>juk i gq¡pusrd , sls&, slsl q Unj eSnku feyrsgS a
fd ogk¡ FkksM+ hnsj Bgjdj VgyusdhbPNk gksrhgS A, slst a
xy fn[ kykbZi M+ r sgSaft udh
foHkhf"kdk l s' kk; n ck?kdksHkhMj yxrk gksv kS j chp&chp esai gkM+ hml i j >kM+ hAl c
n' kZuh; ] l c o.kZ uh; ! pw
¡fd eghuk v xLr dk Fkk] bl fy, èkku dh D; kjh dhHkh U ; kjh
gfj; kyhFkhAcy[ kkrhl M+ d ft l i j pyusesav kua n v k, Ai Fkjhyht + ehu , oai RFkj dh
Nkrhphjdj cgusokyhi ryhunhft l dsns[kusesav kua n v k, Ai sM+ksai j pgdrhfpfM+ ; k¡
ft udhpgd l q uusesav kua
n v k, Al c feydj v kua n dksdbZxq . kk c<+ k jgsFksAgok ; ksa
Mksy jghFkh] t S l sl ykg ysd j Mksy jghgksANksVkukxi q
j dsfuokl hl knxhdsv orkj v kS j
x+j hchdhew frZ
] ft udhjgu&l gu esa' kr&çfr' kr dykcl rhgS ] ekxZesa; ksa[ kM+sFks] t Sls
esjk Lokxr dj jgsgksa AedbZdsi kS èksdgha
&dghav xy&cxy esa; ksaygjk jgsFks&t S l s; gk¡
okyksadh fdLer ygjk jghgksA
bl çdkj ekxZ
&n' kZ
u dk v kua
n ysrsgq
, ge gq
M: dsi kl i gq
a ¡psA , d ckj eu
gh eu eS
us>jusdksç.kke fd; kA
a

19
 i gkM+i j i kuh dh ; g v t hc yhyk gSft l dk eq d kcyk u jkeyhyk djs] u
jkl yhykA i kuhdk bl çdkj mNyuk&dw nuk] èkwe epkuk v kS j ml dh ; g v kokt +t S l s]
nl &i k¡p gkFkh, d ckj fpa ?kkM+ jgsgksa
] tSl s& nl &i k¡p Vªsu dsbat u , d l kFkv kokt +dj
jgsgksa
]t S
l s& , d l kFk dbZgokbZt gkt +pDdj dkV jgsgksa; k t S l s& dbZl gÏ ukx , d
l kFk i Q
uiQ y kdj i Q
S i¡qQ
dkj dj jgsgksa
Ai gq¡pusdsl kFk; k=khdsdkukases a,slhghv kokt +i M+
rh
gS
A
v kSj v c >juk ns[kusyxkAokrkoj.k dh i fo=krk , slhfd ekyw
e gksrk gS
] ekuks
ge nsoyksd dsl ehi i gq ¡p x, A
gSD; k ; g ! ; qx&; q x l si kuh dk v k?kkr gS
&i R
Fkj dh cnkZ ' r gSv kS j ; ksa, d
çdkj l s; g i RFkj dh {kerk dk çn' kZ u gS
Ai j , d i RFkj , slk HkhgSft l dh Nkrhdks
phjdj i kuhfudyrk gS A; ksa, d çdkj l s; g t y dh{kerkdk çn' kZ u gSft l dsl keus
iRFkj Hkhekr gS Agk¡] i R
Fkj ekr gS &d#.kk dsl keus] çse dsl keusft l dsv i kj cy ds
Lo: i i RFkj dh Nkrhl sèkkjki Q V
wrhgS]iRFkj dhvk¡[ k l sv k¡l wfudyrsgSav kjSi R
Fkj dk
dyst kfi ?ky t krk gS
A
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A; g unh gSLo.kZ j s[kk&ft l dsmn~
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e , oackykl ksj
ft yksal sgksd j ca
xky dh [ kkMh
+esafxjrh gSA
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a
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q Amt yk i kuh, slk
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Fkj dk l i Q sn pw. kZfxj jgk gSA
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gq
v k xYysdksuhpsfxjk jgk gS Acpi u esagok dh feBkbZysd j i Q sjhokyk v krk Fkk rks
ml dk ja x yky gksrk FkkA çrhr gksrk gS ] oSl h gh_ ysfdu mt ysja x dh gok dh feBkbZ
ysd j i oZ r v kt Lo; ai Q sjhnsusfudyk gS Av kSj dgha &dghachp esapV~ Vku i j t c çcy
èkkjk fxjrhgS ] rksl a
?k"kZl sbaæèkuq
"kt S
l k ja
x mRiU u gksrkgSAt ku i M+ r kgSfd l rja xk i kuh
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æèkuq
"k i Q
ji Qjk jgk gS A
pkjksav ksj t a
xy v kS j i gkM+dschp esaçÑfr dh; g yhykLFkyhgS A>jukds, d
v ksj dk t a
xy jk¡ph esagS ] , d v ksj dk t a
xy gt kjhckx esav kS
j chp esa>juk cg jgk
gS ] ekuksml dk ; g l a ns'k gksfd og l cdsfy, gS ] l cdk dY;k.kmldk mís ' ; gS
Aog u
jk¡phdkgS ] u gt kjhckx dk] cfYd l cdk gS A

20
 cM+ s>jusdhcxy esa, d ba p eksVh, d èkkjk Åi j l suhpsèkhjs&èkhjsi RFkjksai j
l smrj jghgS &t S
l segknsot hi j dksbZHkDr nw
èkp<+k jgkgksAuhpst gk¡?ku?kksj èkkjk fxjrh
gS] ogk¡ i kuhdjhc 20 i Q V Åi j mNyrk gS
q A yxrk gS] iR
Fkj dksphjdj v kusokysi kuh
dk Lokxr djusv kS j ml dksoa QBgkj i gukusdsfy, uhpsl si kuh Åi j nkS M+r k gS
A
esjsfe=kdgrsgSafd f' kot hdhckjkr ' kk; n bl jkg l sxqt jhFkhAml dk Lokxr
djusdksi oZ r usbl xq
y kci k' k dk çcU
èk fd; k FkkAoghxq y kci k' k ' kk' or gksd j v Hkh
Hkh >j>j dj jgk gS A
Lo; a>jusl sHkhT+; knk [ +
kw
cl w
j r ekyw e gksrk gS>jusdsv kxsdh?kkVhdk n`'; A
i gkM+ ksadschp , d i ryh&l hunhcgrh t krhgS ]tS l sFkekZ
ehVj esa, d i ryk i kjk gksA
v kxsHkh, d i gkM+ekyw e gksrk gSAKkr gksrk gS ] i gkM+unhdksyydkj jgk gSfd ; gk¡
l srq e fdl hçdkj i kj gksd j esjsv kxst k l dksrkst kuw ¡A; gk¡i j unh; ksafn[ kkbZnsrhgS
t lSs] unh dsbnZ &fxnZi R
Fkjksadk v ackj yxkdj ml i j >kM+ h mxkbZxbZgksA çÑfr ; k
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ldSM+ ksao"kks±esaHkhekuo dsç; R uksal s' kksHkk dsbl fo' kky oS Hko dh l f̀"V dfBu gS A
i gkM+dsÅi j l s, d i ryh&l h i xMa
Mh uhpsxbZgSv kS j ml dsl gkjsge Hkh
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a N nsj rd bl ' kksHkk l sv i uhv k¡[ kksadh
I; kl cq
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q
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a Ai kuhdq N
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d j ekywe i M+r k gS
A
t ksU
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j ; g Hk; a
d jrk Hkh ml esaughagS A og
ekèkq; ZvkS
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A; gk¡dki kuhfuja rj l a
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gq
M: dk i kuhdghal k¡i dhrjg pDdj dkVrk gS
a ] dghagfj.k dh rjg Nyk¡x
Hkjrk gSv kSj dghack?k dhrjg xjt rkgq v k uhpsfxjrkgS Al kjki kuh, d t xg fl eVdj
t gk¡uhpsfxjrk gS ] ml t xg bl dk : i cgqr fo' kky v kSj Hk; a
d j gksx; k gS
A ml t xg
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èkhjs&èkhjsea
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dk rk¡r k yxk jgrkgS A
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dsl keku dk ; gk¡Hkhv Hkko gS
AgqM: &çi kr dhHkhM+v kS
a j pht ksadk v Hkko ns[kdj [ +
; ky

21
v k; k fd ; gk¡dsyksx l peq
p v O;kogkfjd gS Av xj fdl hnwl jht xg esa, slk>juk gksrk]
rksogk¡ dsyksx bl dsi kl nq d ku cxSj g l t kdj v i usfy, v k; v kSj nw l jksadsfy,
lq
foèkk dhO;oLFkk dj nsrsA
èkU; gq M: ! fdl ; q
a x l sfdl egkdfo dh ok.kh] fdl l a xhr dh Loj&ygjh
v kS
j fdl çseh dh #nu&èofu l sfi ?kydj ; g i k"kk.k cg jgk gS ] ; g dg l duk
v l EHko gS Ai RFkj dkv a r LFky t Sl sfi ?kydj cg jgkgS ] oSl s; fn euq "; ksadkv ar j æfor
gksd j cgusyxrk rksl a l kj l sdyg] di V] LokFkZv kS j Nhuk&>i Vh dk v a r gkst krkA
; gk¡ nksrjg dsi R Fkj ns[kusesav k, A , d og i R Fkj gSft l dk v a rj i Q ksM+
dj
fo' kky >juk >j jgk gSv kS j , d og Hkhi R Fkj gSft l i j u t kusfdl ; q x l si kuhdh
; g èkkjk fxj jghgS ] i j og t jk Hkhfopfyr ughagksrkAT; ksadk R ; kas[ kM+k jgrkgS Af?kl rk
Hkhugha ] èk¡l rk Hkh ugha] f[ kl drk Hkhugha A
243 i QVdk ; g çi kr fujkyk gS
q Al q
U
njrk ; gk¡l kdkj gksxbZgSv kS j o.kZ
u&' kfDr
dks; gk¡v kS
j Hkkoksadh dehgksxbZgS Afofp=k ' kksHkk gS
] t ksdHkhi q
j kuhughai M+
r hv kS
j
èkU; çi kr gS
] t ksl nk , d&l k cg jgk gS
Av fojy v kS j v fopy nksuksadk mnkgj.k ; gk¡
, d ckj esagh mifLFkr gS A
nkuhnku djrkgSrksxq eku djrkgS_i j ; q
x&; q
x l su t kusfdruk i kuh; g i gkM+
nku dj pq
d k] i j bl dksdksbZv fHkeku ughagS
A
vaèksv kokt l q
u ysarksçokg dkv a
nkt yxkysav kSj cgjsçokg ns[k ysarksvkokt
dk v ankt yxk ysa Al eq
æxa Hkhjrkdsfy, çfl ¼ gS
] rks; g gq
M: v i uhpi yrkdspyrs
a
e' kgw
j gSA
¯donar h; g gSfd bl gq M: l s7 ehy i j dq
a N yksxksaus, d çi kr ns[kk gSt ks
bl l sdbZxq
uk cM+k gS
_ i j ogk¡ t kusdk jkLrk bruk chgM+ ] ?ku?kksj v kS
j Hk; a
d j gSfd
taxy dsml Hkkx esai gq
¡p l duk nq' kokj gS
Av xj ckr l ghgS ] rkst a
xy foHkkx dksml dk
Bhd i rk yxkdj ogk¡rd ekxZdk fuekZ . k dj nsuk pkfg, ] ft l l sog çi kr Hkht urk
dsl keusv k l dsA
t ksHkh gks] gqM: n' kZ
a uh; gSA bl dh; kn Hkw
y usdh ugha
A fdrusfnu xqt j x, ]
ysfdu i kuhv k¡[ kksadsl keusml h çdkj mNy&dw n epk jgk gS
A
µd kerk çl kn l̄ g ^d ke*
' kCnkFkZ
uhfy ek & uhyki u] ' ; keyrk
rj n~
nqn & dfBukbZ] i js'kkuh
æqrxfr & rst pky

22
 xqyt +kj & çi Qq
fYyr] f[ kyk gq vk
ckx+ & cxhpk
v o. kZuh; & ft l dk o.kZu ughagksl ds
n' kZ
uh; & ns[kusyk; d
fofLer & v k' p;Z
pfdr
l kè; & y{;
foHkhf"kd k & lad V] =kkl nh] Hk;
mn~xeLFkku & og LFkku t gk¡ l sufn; k¡ fudyrh gS
] ew
y &Ï ksr] mR
i fÙk
foy hu & yqIr gkst kuk
ç' u&v H; kl
i kB l s
1- ^^t S
l sgqM: dk >juk oS
a l sml dk ekxZ **Abl dFku dhO;k[ ; k dhft , A
2- gq
M: dk >juk dS
a l scuk gS\
3- ^^Lo; a>jusl sHkh T+ ; knk [ +kw
cl w
j r ekyw e gksrk gS] >jusl sv kxsdk n`'; **
ml n`'; dh l q njrk dk o.kZ
a u v i us' kCnksaesadhft , A
4- çLrq r i kB dsv kèkkj i j l e>kb, fd fdl h; k=kk&or̀ka r dksjkspd cukus
dsfy, fdu&fdu ckrksai j è; ku fn; k t kuk pkfg, \
5- ; gk¡ i j , d n`'; dk o.kZ u nksrjg l sfd; k x; k gS %
(d) gq M: dk i kuh dghal k¡i dhrjg pDdj dkVrk gS
a ] dghagfj.k dh rjg
Nyk¡x Hkjrk gSv kS j dghack?k dh rjg xjt rk gq v k uhpsfxjrk gS A
([ k) gqM: dk i kuh pDdj dkVdj] Nyk¡x Hkjrk gq
a v k uhpsfxjrk gS A
buesal sdkS u&l k o.kZ u v ki dksv PNk yxrk gSv kS j D; ksa\
i kB l sv kxs
1- v i usfdl hxk¡o] ' kgj dh ; k=kk, ¡dh gksxh ml esal sfdl h, d ; k=kk dk o.kZ u
dhft , \
2- v i usjkT; dsfdl h , d t yçi kr dk o.kZ u dhft , \
5- v ki ds}kjk dhxbZ; k=kkdsnkS j ku v ki dksfdl hu fdl hçkÑfrd n`'; usv o' ;
v kdf"kZr fd; k gksxkAml n`'; dk o.kZ u dhft , \
xfrfofèk
1- fcgkj dsn' kZ uh; LFkyksadhl w phcukb, AçkÑfrd l Ei nk rFkkÑf"k dsè; ku esa
j[ krsgq, fcgkj , oa>kj[ ka M dk rq y ukRed o.kZ u dhft , A
2- v ki us&v i usxk¡o v kS j ml dsv kl &i kl bZ [ k] v jgj] l jl ksadsygygkrsi Q y ksai j
w
eaMjkrsgq , Hkka
j ksadksv o' ; ns[kkgksxkAl kFk ghv ke dhea
S t fj; ksai j edjUn dks
pwl rsgq, eèkq efD[ k; ksads>q M, oav ke dsi Yyoksadschp fNi hgq
a bZdks;y dh
dwd Hkhv ki usv o' ; l q uh gksxhAbl i zd kj dsn`'; dksv i us' kCnksaesaO;Dr
dhft , A

23
 6 fcgkj h d snksgs
j hfrd ky d sçfrf"Br Ükà
xkfj d d fo fcgkj hd snksgsxkxj esal kxj gS
aAoS l srksfcgkj hçse
d sd fo d s: i esaçfrf"Br gS ] i j mud sHkfDr v kS
a j uhfri j d nksgksa d ksHkh O; ki d
yksd fç; rk feyhAbl i kB esamud s}kj k j fp r rhuksarj g d snksgs' kkfey gS aA
esjh Hko ckèkk gjkS jkèkk ukxfj l ks;A
t k ru dh >ka
bZ i jSL; keq gfjr nq
fr gk;sAA
t i eky k] Nki S
] fryd l j Su , d kS dkeqA
eu&dk¡p S ukpS oF̀kk] l k¡pS j k¡pS jkeq
AA
crj l &ykyp y ky d h eqjyh èkjh yq d kbA
l ksg¡ djS
a HkkS
a guq g¡l S
] nS
u dgs ufV t kbAA
t c&t c oSl q fèk dhft ; S
] rc&rc l q fèk t k¡fgA
v k¡f[ kuqv k¡f[ k yxh jgS ] v k¡[ ksaykxfr uk¡fgAA
a
uj dh v # uy uhj dh xfr , dSadjh t ks;A
t srks uhpkS goS pyS rsrks Å¡pks gks;AA
laxfr l q
efr u i kogh i js dqefr ds èkUèkA
jk[ kkSesfy d i jw esa gha
x u gksr l q
xa
èkAA
cM+
s u gw t S xquu fcuq
] fcjn cM+ kbZ i k; A
dgr èkrw
j s l ks dud] xguks x<+
; ks u t k; AA
nhj?k l k¡l u ysgqnq
[ k] l q
[ k l kb±fg u Hkw
y A
nbZ nbZ D; kSa djr wgS ] nbZ nbZ l q dcw fyAA
µ fcgkj h
' kCnkFkZ
l jS µ fudyuk] cuuk
d k¡p S µ dPpk
oF̀kk µ O;FkZ] csd kj
l k¡p S µ l Pph
j k¡p S µ çl U u
uj µ euq ";
uhj µ i kuh] t y

24
 t srks µ ft ruk
rsrks µ mruk
èkUèk µ jkst +
xkj] dke
dq efr µ [+kjkc cq f¼
xquu µ xq.k
fcuq µ fcuk] jfgr
d ud µ l kusk] èkrwjk
nhj?k l k¡l µ ya ch l k¡l
l kb±fg µ Lokehdks
d cw fy µ Lohdkj djuk
crj l y ky p µ ckrphr djusdsv kuan dsyksHk l s
y ky & Ñ".k
yq d kbZ µ fNi kdj
l kSg¡ µ 'ki Fk
ufV t kbZ µ eq d j t kuk
lq fèk d hft ; S µ Lej.k fd, t krsgS
a
lq f èk µ ps r uk
t k¡fg µ t krhjgrh gS
lq efr µ v PNh cq f¼
ç' u&v H; kl
i kB l s
1- mu nksgksad ksfy f[ k, ft uesafuEu ckrsad gh xb±gS a%
(d) ckg~ ; kMa
cj O;FkZgS A ([ k)uezrk dk i kyu djusl sgh euq "; Js"B
curk gSA(x) fcuk xq . k dsdksbZcM+k ughagksrkA(?k) l q
[ k&nq
[ k l eku : i
l sLohdkjuk pkfg, A
2- nq
tZ
u dsl kFkjgusl sv PNhcq
f¼ughafey l drhAbl dhmiek esadfo usD; k
dgk gS
\
3- fj Dr LFkkuksad h i w fÙkZd hft , %
(d) uj dh v # --------------------------Å¡pSgksbZ AA
([ k) t i ekyk] Nki S ] fryd ---------------------l k¡pS
] jk¡pSjkeq
AA
(x) cM+ su gw tS--------------------------x<~ ; ksu t k; AA
(?k) nhj?k l k¡l u ysgqnq [k --------------------------nbZl qdcw fyAA

25
4- xksfi ; ksausÑ".k dh eq
j yh D; ksaNq
i kbZ\
i kB l sv kxs
1- xq
. k uke l sT; knk cM+k gksrk gSA dSl s\
2- ^dud* ' kCn dk ç; ksx fdu&fdu v Fkks±esafd; k x; k gS A
3- gha
x dksdi w j dsl kFk j[ kusl sl q
Z xaf/ r D; ksaughagksrk gS
\
O;kd j . k
1. i ; kZ
; okph ' kCn fy f[ k, %
Hko] uj] ckèkk] ru] uhj] dud
2. fuEu ' kCnksad sv kèkqfud @[ kM+ h cksy h : i fy f[ k, %
v #] t srkS
] rsrkS
] gjkS
] oF̀kk] xq
uu] fcuqA
xfrfofèk
1- jhfrdkyhu v U ; dfo dh jpukv ksadksHkh i f<+ , v kS j oxZesal q
ukb, A
2- ^nbZnbZD; kS adjrwgS ] nbZnbZl qdcw fy*
mijksDr i a fDr esa^nbZ * ' kCn ckj&ckj v k; k gSft l dk v FkZfHkU u&fHkU u gSA
nbZ¾bZ' oj] nbZ¾fn; kA, d gh' kCn l st c nksi zd kj dsv FkZfudyrsgS arksogk¡
^; ed* v ya d kj gksrk gS
Abl hi zd kj dsv U; v yad kjksadsckjsesaf' k{kd@f' kf{kdk
l st kfu, rFkk mu i j ppkZdhft , A

26
 7 Bsl
yksd eu d seeZ K d ykd kj i Q. kh' oj ukFk j s.kqd h ^Bsl * d gkuh esafefFkyka py dh
yksd l a
LÑfr d k çHkkoh o. kZ
u gS
A; g d gkuh d ykd kj d seu d h fof' k"Vrkv ksad k ekfeZ d
o. kZ
u d j rh gS
AJ e d sçfr l Eeku d hHkkouk] fj ' rksad hxgj kbZv kS j euq
"; rk d hi {kèkj rk
d ksl e>usesai kB d k ; ksxnku egÙoi w . kZgS
Av ka p fyd d gkuh d h [ +kw
cl wj rh] ?kVuk , oa
la
osnuk d hnf̀"V l sHkh d gkuhmYys[kuh; gS A
[ ksrh&ckjhdsl e; ] xk¡o dsfdl ku fl jpu dh fxurhughadjrsA yksx ml dks
csd kj ghugha ] ^csxkj* l e>rsgS aAbl fy, [ ksr&[ kfygku dhet nw j h dsfy, dksbZugha
cqy kust krk gSfl jpu dksA D; k gksxk ml dkscq y kdj \ nw l jset nw j [ ksr i gq¡pdj
, d&frgkbZdke dj pq d sa
xs] rc dghafl jpu jk; gkFkesa[ kq j i hMqy krk gq v kfn[ kkbZi M+sxkA
i xMaMhi j rkS y &rkS y dj i k¡o j[ krk gq
v k] / hjs&/ hjsAeq Ý+r esaet nw j hnsuhgksrksv kS j ckr
gSA
----------------v kt fl jpu dkseq Ý+r [ kksj] dkepksj ; k pVksj dg ysdksbZA, d l e;
Fkk] t cfd ml dh eM+ ; k dsi kl cM+
S s&cM+
sckcwyksxksadh l okfj; k¡ c¡/ h jgrh FkhaA ml s
yksx i w
NrsghughaFks] ml dh [ + ' kken HkhdjrsFksA------------v js] fl jpu HkkbZ! v c rks
kq
rq
EgkjsghgkFk esa; g dkjhxjh jg xbZgSl kjsbykdsesaA, d fnu dk l e; fudkydj
pyksA dy cM+ sHkS
; k dh fpV~ Bh v kbZgS' kgj l sA fl jpu l s, d t ksM+ k fpd cuokdj
Hkst nksA
>s; kn gS--------------- esjhek¡ t c dHkhfl jpu dkscq
eq y kusdsfy, dgrh] eS a
i gysgh i w
N ysrkµHkksx D; k&D; k yxsxk \
ek¡g¡l dj dgrh] t k&t k] cspkjk essjsdke esai w t k&Hkksx dhckr ughamBkrk dHkhA
czkã.k Vksy h dsi a
pkuUn pkS / jhdsNksVsyM+ d sdks, d ckj esjsl keusghcsikuh
dj fn; k Fkk fl jpu usµrq EgkjhHkkHkhuk[ kw u l s[ kk¡Vdj rjdkjhi jkslrh gSAv kS j ] beyh
dk jl Mkydj d<+ hrksge dgkj&dq Egkjksadh?kjokyhcukrhgSArq EgkjhHkkHkhusdgk¡
l h[ kk \
bl fy, ] fl jpu dkscq y kusdsi gyseS N ysrk ---------------- A
aek¡ l si w
fl jpu dksns[krsghek¡gq y l dj dgrh&v kv ksfl jpu Av kt usuweFk jghFkh]
rksrqEgkj h; kn v kbZA ?kh dh MkM+ h([ k[ kksju) dsl kFk pw M+
k rqedkscgq
r il U
n gS
u---------------- Av kS
j cM+
hcsVhusl l q
j ky l sl a
okn Hkst k gS
] ml dhuun : Bhgq
bZgS
] eksFkh
dh ' khryi kVhdsfy, A
fl jpu v i uhi fu; k;ht hHkdksl EHkkydj g¡l rkA?khdhl ksa
/ hl xqU
/ l ¡?w
kdj ghv k

27
jgk gw¡] HkkHkh Augharksbl ' kknh&C;kg dsekS l e esane ekjusdhHkhNq VV
~hdgk¡feyrh gS A
fl jpu t kfr dk dkjhxj gSA, d&, d eksFkhv kS j i Vsj dksgkFkesaysd j cM+ st ru
l sml dh dq Pph cukrk A fi Qj] dqfPp; ksadksj¡xusl sysd j l q r yh l q
y >kusesai w j k fnu
l ekIrA ------------dke djrsl e; ml dh rU e; rk esat jk Hkhck/ k i M+ h fd xsgq
¡v u l k¡i
dh rjg i Q iQ
q
a dkj mBrk A fi Qj fdl h nwl jsl sdjok yhft , dke A fl jpu eq ¡gt ksj gS]
dkepksj ughaA
fcuk et nwj h dsi sVHkj Hkkr i j dke djusokyk dkjhxj A nw / esadksbZfeBkbZu
feys] dksbZckr ughafdU rqckr esat jk Hkh >ky og ughacjnk' r dj l drk A------------
fl jpu dksyksx pVksj Hkh l e>rsgS ------------ryh&c?kkjh gq
a bZrjdkjh] ngh dh
d<+ h] eykbZ okyknw èk] bu l cdkçca èk i gysdj yks] rc fl jpu dkscq y kv ks_nq
e fgykrk
gqv k gkft j gkst k, xkA [ kkus&i husesafpdukbZdh deh gq bZfd dke dhl kjh fpdukbZ
[ k+
ReAv èkw j k j[ kdj mB [ kM+
kgkxsk Av kt rksv c v èkdi kyhnnZl sekFkk VuVukjgk gS A
FkksM+k&l k jg x; k gS ] fdl hfnu v kdj i wj k dj nw
¡xkA------------^fdl hfnu* ekusdHkhugha A
eksFkh ?kkl v kS j i Vsj dh ja xhu ' khryi kVh] ck¡l rhfy; ksadh f>yfeykrh fpd]
l rjaxsMksj dseks<+ s] Hkw
l h&pqU uh j[ kusdsfy, ew ¡t dh jLl h dscM+ s&cM+st kys] gyokgksa
dsfy, rky dsl w [ ksi rksadhNrjh&VksihrFkk bl hrjg dscgq r &l sdke gS ] ft U
a gsafl jpu
dsfl ok xk¡o esav kS j dksbZughat kurkA; g nw l jh ckr gSfd v c xk¡o esa, slsdkeksadks
csd ke dk dke l e>rsgS ayksxAcsd ke dk dke] ft l dhet nw j h esav ukt ; k i S l snsus
dhdksbZt : jr ugha Ai sV&Hkj f[ kyknks]dke i w j kgksusi j , dkèk i qj kuk&èkq
j kukdi M+ k nsd j
fonk djksAog dq N Hkhughackys sxkA------------
dqN Hkhughacksy sxk] , lshckr ugha Afl jpu dkscqy kusokyst kursgS] fl jpu ckr
a
djusesaHkh dkjhxj gS
A------------egkt u Vksy sdsHkTt wegkt u dh csVh fl jpu dh ckr
lq
udj fryfeyk mBh Fkh&BgjksA eS aek¡l st kdj dgrh gw ¡A bruh cM+ h ckr !
cM+ h ckr gh gSfcfV; kA cM+ syksxksadhckr gh cM+ hgksrh gS
Augharksnks&nksi Vsj
dhi kfV; ksadk dke fl i QZ[ k¡l kjhdk l Ùkwf[ kykdj dksbZdjok, Hkyk\ ; g rq
Egkjhek¡gh
dj l drh gSccq uhA fl jpu useq Ldq
j kdj t okc fn; k FkkA
ml ckj esjh l cl sNksVh cgu dh fonkbZgksusokyh FkhAi gyh ckj l l q j ky t k
jghFkhAekuwdsnw Ygsusi gysghcM+ h HkkHkhdks[ kr fy[ kdj psrkouhnsnhgS &ekuwds
l kFk feBkbZdhi rhyh u v kos] dksbZckr ugha Arhu t ksM+hi Q
' kuscy fpd v kS
S j i Vsj dh
nks' khryi kfV; ksadsfcuk v k, xhekuwrks------AHkkHkhusg¡l dj dgk&cS ja
x oki l ! bl fy, ]
, d l Irkg i gysl sgh fl jpu dkscq y kdj dke i j rS ukr djok fn; k Fkk ek¡ usA ns[k

28
fl jpu] bl ckj ubZèkksrhnw
¡xh_ v l yheksgj Nki okyhèkksrhAeu yxkdj , slk dke djks
fd ns[kusokysns[kdj ns[krsgh jg t k, ¡A
i ku&t S
l hi ryhNq
j hl sck¡l dhrhfy; k¡v kSj dekfu; ksadksfpdukrkgq
v k fl jpu
v i usdke esayx x; kAja xhu l qr fy; ksaesa>CcsMkydj og fpd cq uuscS
BkAMs<+gkFk dh
cqukbZns[kdj ghyksx l e> x, fd bl ckj , dne u, i Q ' ku dhpht cu jgh gS
S ] t ks
i gysdHkh ughacuhA
e¡>yhHkkHkhl sughajgk x; kAi jnsdhv kM+l scksy h&i gys, slk t kurhfd eksgj
Nki okyh èkksrhnsusl sghv PNh pht curh gSrksHkS
; k dks[ kcj Hkst nsrhA
dke es aO;Lr fl jpu dsdkuksaesackr i M+xbZ Acksy k&eksgj Nki okyhèkksrhdsl kFk
js'keh dq ÙkkZnsusi j Hkh , slh pht ughacurh cgq fj; k! ekuwnhnhdkdh dh l cl sNksVh
csVhgS------ekuwnhnh dk nw Ygk v i Q
l j v knehgSAe¡>yhHkkHkhdk eq ¡g yVd x; kAesjh
pkph usi Q l iQ
q l kdj dgk&fdl l sckr djrh gScgw
q \ eksgj Nki okyh èkksrh ugha] eq
¡fx; k
yM~ Mw
A csVhdh fonkbZdsl e; jkst feBkbZt ks[ kkusdksfeysxh ns[krh gSu !
nw
l jsfnu fpd dh i gyhi k¡r h esa
l kr rkjst xexk mBs]l kr ja
x dsAl rHkS ;k
rkjkAfl jpu t c dke esaeXu jgrk gSrks
ml dh t hHk t jk ckgj fudy v krh gS ]
v ksB i jA v i usdke esaeXu fl jpu dks
[ kkus&i hus dh l q
fèk ughajgrhA fpd esa
lqr yh dsi Q nsMkydj ml usi kl i M+
a sl w
i
i j fuxkg Mkyh&fpmjk v kS j xqM+dk , d
lw[ kk <sy kA eSusy{; fd; k] fl jpu dh
a
ukd dsi kl nksjs[kk, ¡ mHkj v kb±
A nkS
M+
dj
ek¡ dsi kl x; k&ek¡] v kt fl jpu dksdysok fdl usfn; k gS
] fl i Q
Zfpmjk v kS
j xq
M+
\
ek¡jl ksbZ?kj dsv U nj i doku v kfn cukusesaO;Lr FkhAcksy h&eS av dsy sdgk¡&dgk¡
D; k&D; k ns[kw
¡A-----------v jh e¡>yh] fl jpu dkscq¡fn; k D; ksaughansrh\
&cq
¡fn; k eS
augha[ kkrk] dkdh! fl jpu dseq
¡g esafpmjkHkjk gq
v kFkkAxq
M+dk <sy k
lw
i esa, d fdukjsi M+ k jgk] v Nwr kA
ek¡ dh cksy h l q
ursgh e¡>yh HkkHkh dh HkkS
gsaru xb±
a A eqV~
Bh&Hkj cq
¡fn; k l w
i esa
iQsa
d dj pyh xbZ A
fl jpu usi kuh i hdj dgk&e¡>yhcgw j kuhv i useS
d sl sv kbZgq
bZfeBkbZHkhbl h
rjg gkFk [ kksy dj ck¡VrhgSD; k\

29
 cl ] e¡>yh HkkHkh v i usdejsesacS Bdj jksusyxhA pkph usek¡ dsi kl t kdj
dgk&NksVht kfr dsv knehdk eq ¡g HkhNksVkgksrk gS
Aeq
¡g yxkusl sfl j i j p<+
sxkghAfdl h
dh uS
gj&l l q
j ky dh ckr D; ksadjsxk og \
e¡>yhHkkHkhek¡dhnqy kjhcgwgSAek¡reddj ckgj v kbZµfl jpu rq
e dke djus
v k, gks]v i uk dke djksAcgq
v ka
sl scrdq
V~
VhdjusdhD; k t : jr\ ft l pht dht : jr
gks] eq
>l sdgksA
fl jpu dk eq
¡g yky gksx; kAml usdksbZt okc ughafn; kAck¡l esaV¡xsgq
, v èkw
js
fpd esai QnsMkyusyxkA
a
ekuwi ku l t kdj ckgj cS Bd[ kkusesaHkst jgh FkhApq
i dsl s, d i ku dk chM+
k
fl jpu dksnsrhgqbZcksy h] bèkj&mèkj ns[kdj&fl jpu nknk] dke&dkt dk ?kjAi k¡p rjg
dsyksx i k¡p fdLe dh ckr djsa xsArqe fdl h dh ckr i j dku er nksA
fl jpu useq Ldq
j kdj i ku dk chM+
k eq
¡g esaysfy; kApkph v i usdejsl sfudy
jgh FkhA fl jpu dksi ku [ kkrsns[kdj v okd~gksxbZ A fl jpu uspkph dksv i usv ksj
v pjt l s?kw jrsns[kdj dgk&NksVhpkph] t +
j kvi uhfMfc; kdkxedkS v kt +
nkZrksf[ kykukA
cgq
r fnu gq ,A
pkphdbZdkj.kksal st yh&Hkq
uhjgrhFkh] fl jpu l sAxq Ll k mrkjusdk, slk ekS
+ dk
fi Q
j ughafey l drkA>udrhgq bZcksy h&el [ kjhdjrk gS \ rq Egkjhc<+hgqbZt hHk esav kx
yxsA?kj esaHkhi ku v kS
j xedkSv kt +
nkZ[ kkrsgks\ ---------pVksj dghadsAesjkdyst k èkM+ d
mBk--------A
cl fl jpu dhm¡xfy; ksaesal qr yhdsi Q nsi M+x, ekuks] dq
a N nsj rd og pq i pki
cS
Bk i ku dkseq ¡g esa?kq
y krk jgkAfi Q
j v pkud mBdj fi NokM+ sFkwd v k; kAv i uh Nq
j h]
g¡fl ; koxS
j g l esV&l Egkydj >kys sesaj[ kkAV¡xhgqbZv èkw
j hfpd i j , d fuxkg Mkyhv kS j
gugukrk gq v k v k¡xu l sckgj fudy x; kA
pkphcM+ cM+kbZ
&v jscki jscki ! bruhrst h! dksbZeq Ý+r esarksdke ughadjrkA
v kB #i ; sesaeksgj Nki okyhèkksrhv krhgS A---------------bl eq
¡g>ka l sdsu eq
S ¡g esayxke gS ]
u v k¡[ k esa' khyAi S
l k [ kpZdjusi j l S
d M+ksafpdsafeysa xhAck¡r j Vksy hdh v kS
j rsafl j i j
xV~Bj ysd j xyh&xyh ekjh fi Q jrh gSA
a
ekuwughacksy hApq i pki v èkw
j hfpd dksns[krhjghA----------l krksarkjseU
n i M+x, !
ek¡ cksy h&t kusnscsVhA t hNksVk er dj] ekuwAesy sl s[ kjhndj Hkst nw ¡xhA

30
 ekuwdks; kn v kbZ ] fookg esafl jpu dsgkFk dh ' khryi kVh nh Fkh ek¡ usA
llq
j kyokyksausu t kusfdruhckj [ kksy dj fn[ kk; kFkki Vuk v kS
j dydÙkk dsesgekuksadksA
og mBdj cM+ h HkkHkh dsdejsesapyh xbZ A
eSafl jpu dkseukusx; kAns[kk] , d i Q Vhgq bZ' khryi kVhi j ysVdj og dq N l ksp
jgk gSA eq >sns[krsgh cksy kµccq v k t h! v c ugha A dku i dM+ r k gw¡] v c ugha A---------eksgj
Nki okyhèkksrh ysd j D; k d: ¡xk\ dkS u i gusxk\ --------------l l q
j h[ kqn ejh] csVs&csfV; ksadks
HkhysxbZv i usl kFkA ccq v k t h] esjs?kjokyh t̄ nk jgrhrkseS a, slhnq nZ' kk Hkksxrk\ ; g
' khryi kVh ml h dh cq uh gqbZgS A bl ' khryi kVh dksNw d j dgrk gw ¡] v c ; g dke ugha
d: ¡xkA-----------xk¡o&Hkj esarq
Egkjhgosy hesaesjhd+ nj gksrhFkhA---------v c D; k\ eS apq i pki
ykS V v k; kA l e> x; k] dykdkj dsfny esaBsl yxh gS Aog ughav k l drkA
cM+h HkkHkh v èkwj h fpd esaja
xhu NhV dk >kyj yxkusyxh&; g Hkh cst k ugha
fn[ kkbZi M+
r k A D; ksaekuw
!
ekuwdqN ughacksy hA----------cspkjh! fdU
rq
] eS
apq
i ughajg l dkµpkphv kS
j e¡>yh
HkkHkh dhut j u yx t k; bl esaHkhA
ekuwdksl l q j ky i gq
¡pkuseS aght k jgk FkkA
LVs'ku i j l keku feykrsl e; ns[kk] ekuwcM+ st ru l sv èkw j hfpd dkseksM+
dj
fy, t k jgh gSv i usl kFkA eu&gh&eu fl jpu i j xq Ll k v k; kA pkph dsl q
j esal q
j
feykdj dkslusdkst hgq v kA-------dkepksj] pVksj!
xkM+
hv kbZAl keku p<+ kdj eSanjokt k ca
n dj jgk Fkk fd IysVi Q
keZi j nkS
M+
r sgq
,
fl jpu i j ut j i M+
hµccqv k t hA ml usnjokt sdsi kl v kdj i qd kjkA
D; k gS
\ eS usf[ kM+
a d hl sxjnu fudkydj f>M+
d hdsLoj esadgkAfl jpu usi hB
i j yns gq , cks> dks mrkjdj esjh v ksj
ns[ kkµnkS
Mr+kv k; kgw
A
¡------------njokt k[ kksfy, !
ekuwnhnhdgk¡ gS \ , d ckj ns[kw ¡!
eSusnjokt k[ kksy fn; kA
a
fl jpu nknk! ekuwbruk gh cksy
l dhA
f[ kM+
d hdsi kl [ kM+ sgkds j fl jpu
usgdykrsgq , dgk&; g esjh v ksj l sgS A
l c pht gS 2 nhnhA ' khryi kVh] fpd v kS j

31
, d t ksM+
hv kl uh dq
' k dhA xkM+
hpy i M+
hA
ekuweksgj Nki okyhèkksrhdk nke fudkydj nsusyxhAfl jpu ust hHk dksnk¡r
l sdkVdj] nksuksagkFk t ksM+fn, A
ekuwi QV&i Q
w Vdj jksjghFkhAeS
w aca
My dks[ kksy dj ns[kusyxk&, slhdkjhxjh] , slh
ckjhdh] j¡xhu l q
r fy; ksadsi Q
¡nka
sdk , slk dke] i gyh ckj ns[k jgk FkkA
µ iQ
. kh'oj ukFk ^j s.kq
*
' kCnkFkZ
i rhy h & rka
csi hry v kfn dk Å¡psfdukjsokyk xksy kdkj cÙkZ
u
i fu; k; h & yypkbZ
>ky & dVq r k] dM+
ok
fpd & ck¡l dh rhfy; ksal scuk >huk i jnk
uS uw & eD[ ku
' khry i kVh & fpduh v kS j i ryh pVkbZ
ç' u&v H; kl
i kB l s
(1) xk¡o dsfdl ku fl jpu dksD; k l e>rsFks\
(2) bl dgkuh esav k; sgq , fofHkU
u i k=kksadsuke fyf[ k, \
(3) fl jpu dksi ku dk chM+ k fdl usfn; k Fkk\
(4) v ki dsfopkj l sfl jpu dk egÙo de D; ksagksx; k\
(5) fl jpu fpd v kS j ' khryi kVhLVs'ku i j yst kdj ekuwdksnsrk gS
Abl l sml dh
fdl fo' ks"krk dk i rk pyrk gS \
(6) fuEufy f[ kr x| ka ' kksad ksd gkuh d sv uq l kj Øec¼ : i esal t kb,
(d) ml ckj esjhl cl sNksVhcgu dh fonkbZgksusokyhFkhAi gyhckj l l q j ky
t k jghFkhAekuwdsnq Ygsusi gysghcM+ hHkkHkhdks[ kr fy[ kdj psrokuh
nsnhgS &ekuwdsl kFk feBkbZdhi rhyhu v kos] dksbZckr ugha Arhu t ksM+h
iQ ' kuscq
S y fpd v kS j i Vsj dh nks' khryi kfV; ksadsfcuk v k, xhekuwrks-
([ k) eq>s; kn gS --------esjh ek¡ t c dHkh fl jpu dkscq y kusdsfy, dgrh] eS a
i gysgh i w N ysrk Hkksx D; k&D; k yxsxk\

32
 (x) ekuwi QV&i Q
w V dj jksjgh FkhA eS
w aca My dks[ kksy dj ns[kus yxk , slh
dkjhxjh] , slh ckjhdh] ja
xhu l q
r fy; ksadsi Q
¡nksadk , slk dke] i gyh ckj
ns[kjgk FkkA
(7) fuEufy f[ kr okD; ksad sl keusl gh (  ) ; k xy r (  ) d k fu' kku y xkb,
(d) fl jpu dkepksj FkkA
([ k) fl jpu v i usdke esan{k FkkA
(x) fl jpu ckr djusesaHkhdkjhxj FkkA
(?k) fl jpu odhy FkkA
(8) dgkuhdsfdu&fdu çl a xksal s, slk çrhr gksrk gSfd fl jpu v i usdke dksT+
; knk
rjt +hg nsrk Fkk mYys[k dhft , A
(9) bl dgkuhesadkS u l k i k=k v ki dksl cl sv PNk yxk v kS j D; ksa\
i kB l sv kxs
1- v ki dhnf̀"V esafl jpu }kjkfpd ,oa' khryi kVhLVs'ku i j ekuwdksnsukdgk¡rd
mfpr Fkk\
2- dke dscnysFkksM+ k&l k v ukt ; k pa
n #i ; snsd j D; k fdl het nw
j dset nw
jh
dk ew Y; pqd k; k t k l drk gS \ bl l EcUèk esav i uk er O;Dr dhft , A
3- bl dgkuh dk v a
r fd, x, v a
r l sv yx v kS
j D; k gksl drk gS\ l ksp dj
fyf[ k, A

bU
gsaHkh t kfu,
gkoj sa % , slk okD; ka
eq ' k] t ksl kekU; v FkZdk cksèk u djkdj fdl hfoy{k.kv FkZdk
cksèk djk, ] eq gkojk dgykrk gS A eqgkojsdsç; ksx l sHkk"kk esal jyrk]
l jl rk] peR dkj v kS j çokg mR iUu gksrsgS At S
a l sµv k¡[ k dk rkjk (cgq r
I; kjk) Aueu v i usekrk&fi rk dsv k¡[ kksadk rkjk gS A
y ksd ksfDr %
yksd ksfDr dsi hNsdksbZdgkuh; k ?kVuk gksrhgS Aml l sfudyhckr ckn esa
yksxksadh t q cku i j t c py fudyrh gSrks^yksd ksfDr* gkst krh gS A
tS l sµ, d i a
Fk nksdkt (, d dke l snw l jk dke gkst kuk)& i Vuk t kusl s
,d i a Fknksdkt gksa xsAdfo&l Eesy u esadforki kB Hkhdjsa xsv kS
j l kFk gh
tS fod m| ku Hkhns[ksa xsA

33
 v kb, bl dsl kFk ghdq N , lshckrksadksHkht kusa ] ft l l seq
gkojsv kS j yksdksfDr; ksa
dhl ekurkv ksav kS
j v l ekurkv ksadk i rk HkhpysA
1- eq gkojksav kS
j ykd
s ksfDr; ksaesai ; kZ
; okph ' kCn ughaj[ kst k l drsA ; gh
dkj.k gSfd budk v uq okn l aHko ugha A
2- yksd ksfDr Lora =k okD; gksrsgS ] t cfd eq
a gkojsokD; ka ' k gksrsgS
A
a
O;kd j . k
1. bu eq gkoj ksad k okD; ksaesaç; ksx d j rsgq
, v FkZLi "V d hft , µ
(d) dku nsuk
([ k) ne ekjuk
(x) eq ¡g esayxke u gksuk
(?k) fl j p<+ kukA
xfrfofèk
1- LVs'ku i j] fl jpu dk i gq
¡puk , oaogk¡ekuwdksl kexzh nsusdsv a' k dks
i <+
usdsckn t ksfp=k v ki dsefLr"d esamHkjrsgksml sfp=k cukdj oxZ
d{k esaçnf' kZ r dhft , A
2- LFkkuh; Lrj i j ' khryi kVh] fpd] v kl uh dh rjg dksbZv U ; oLrq
çpfyr gksrksml scukdj oxZ d {k esan' kkZ
b, A
3- v ki dsv kl &i kl gksusokyh dkjhxjh l smR iUu oLrq
v ksadh l w
ph rS; kj
dhft , A

34
 8 cPpsd h nq
vk
; g , d çkFkZ
uk xhr gSbl esannZ
ea
n v kS
j oafprksad hfgi Q
kt +
+ r d kl a
d Yi gSrFkk [ kq
n d ks
+
cq
j kbZl scp kd j usd j kg i j p yusd h nqv k ek¡xhx; h gSA

yc i s v krh gSnqv k cuds reU uk esjh

ft +
Unxh ' kEv dh l w
j r gks [ +
kq
nk; k esjh
nw
j nqfu; k dk esjs ne l sv a
èksjk gks t k,
gj t xg esjs pedus l s mt kyk gks t k,
gks esjsne l s ; w
¡ gh esjs oru dh t +
hur
ft l rjg i Q
y l sgksrh gSpeu dh t +
w hur
ft +
U
nxh gks esjh i j okus dh l w
j r ; k&jc
bYe dh ' kEv l sgkseq >dkseqgCcr ; k&jc
gks esjk dke x+ j hcksa dh fgek; r d juk
nnZeUnksa l s t +
bZi Qksa l s eqgCcr d juk
esjs v Yy kg cqjkbZ l s cpkuk eq>d ks
usd t ksjkg gks] ml jkg i spykuk eq
>dks
µ eks0 bd cky

' kCnkFkZ
yc & gksa
B
nq vk & çkFkuZk
t+ hur & 'kksHkk
bYe & f'k{kk
fgek; r & HkykbZ
eqgCcr & I; kj] yxko
peu & iQ y okjh
q
t+ bi Q
ksa & o`¼ksa
usd & v PNk
; k&j c & gsbZ ' oj
j kg & jkLrk

35
 ç' u&v H; kl
i kB l s
1- bl dfork esadfo fdu&fdu phT+ kksadhpkg j[ k jgk gS\
2- dforkesal a l kj dkscsgrj cukusdhdkeuk eq[ kj gq
bZgSAmu dkeukv kasdksv i us
' kCnksaesafyf[ k, A
i kB l sv kxs
1- v Yykg cq j kbZl scpkukeq >dksrFkkusd jkg esapyusdh' kfDr çnku djukµuT+ e
dh fdu i a fDr; ksaesa, lsk Hkko Li "V fd; k x; k gS \ uT+ e dh mu i a fDr; ksadks
fyf[ k, A
2- v ki ds?kj esa; k i M+ ksl esacq t -q
xZgksa
xs] v ki mudh ns[kHkky dS l sdjuk pkgsa xs\
mYys[k dhft , A
3- v Yykg v kS j bZ
' oj esadksbZi + QD+Q
ZughagS A bl ckr l sv ki dgk¡ rd l ger gS\
Li "V dhft , A
4- O;k[ ; k d hft , % µ
(d) ft + Unxh gksesjh i jokusdh l w j r ; k&jc A bYe dh ' kEv l sgkseq >dks
eq
gCcr ; k&jc
([ k) gksesjsne l s; w aghesjsoru dh t + hur Aft l rjg i Q y l sgksrhgSpeu
w
dh t + hur
(x) essjsv Yykg cq j kbZl scpkuk eq >dksA usd t ksjkg gks] ml jkg i spykuk
eq
>dks
bU gsaHkh t kfu,
1- i kB esav usd ' kCn fn, x, gS ] ft uesauq
a D+r sdk ç; ksx gS AmnwZdsfofHkU u o.kks±ds
uhpsfoU nqdk ç; ksx gksrkgS AbU gsauq
D+
r kdgrsgS Auq
a D+r sdk ç; ksx i k¡p o.kks±esagksrk gS&d]
[ k] x] t ] i QA budspyrsv Fkks±esacnyko v k t krk gS At Sl s&
dkt & dke t jk & cq<+ki k
dkt + & cVu gksy t j+k & FkksM+
k
iQ u & l k¡i dk i Q u ckx & iQ y okjh
q
iQ u
+ & dyk ckx+ & yxke] jkl
[ k+
kuk & fdl h pht dksj[ kusdh t xg
[ kkuk & Hkktsu
i kB l s, sls' kCnksadkspq udj fyf[ k, ft l dsuhpsuq D+r k yxk gS A
xfrfofèk
bl dfork l sfeyrh&t q y rhv kS j Hkhdfork, ¡; k xhr v ki usl q uhgksaxh] mU gsad{kk
esal q
ukb, A

36
 9 v ' kksd d k ' kL=k&R
; kx
oa'khèkj JhokLro jfpr ,dkadh ^v'kksd dk 'kL=&R;kx* vfgalk ds i{k esa vius dFkkud dk
ekfeZd fodkl djrh gSA 'kkaf r ds i{k esa lfØ; gksus dh f'k{kk nsrh gSA bl fygkt+ ls ikB dh
mikns;rk mYys[kuh; gSA vfHku;] ukVdh; n`';ksa dk la;kstu] çokge;rk dh n`f "V ls ikB fof'k"V gSA
i gy k n`';
( , d eS nku esaexèk d sl S fud ksad sf' kfoj y xsgS Ac hp esaexèk d h i r kd k i +Q
a gj k
j gh gS
Ai r kd k d si kl ghl ezkV v ' kksd d k f' kfoj gS Al aè; k c hr pqd h gSAv kd k' k esar kj s
ped usy xsgS Af' kfoj ksaesanhi d t y x, gS
a aAv i usf' kfoj esav ' kksd v d sy sVgy j gsgS A
a
mud seq[ k i j fpUrk d h Nk; k gS Aosd qN l ksp r sgq , v kl u i j cS B t kr sgS
A)
a
v ' kksd (Lor%
) % v kt pkj l ky l s; g ; q ¼ gksjgk gSv kS j d¯yx v kt Hkht hrk ugha
t k l dkAnksuksav ksj l syk[ kksav knehekjsx, gS] yk[ kksa?kk; y gq
a , gS
]
a
i j ge v kt Hkh v l i Q y gS A D; k gksxk bl dk i fj.kke\
a
}kj i ky % (fl j >q
d kdj) jkt u~! l a
oknnkrk v kuk pkgrk gS
A
v ' kksd % v kusnksA
l aoknnkrk % (ços'k dj) egkjkt v ' kksd dh t ; gksA ' kq
Hk l a
okn gS
A xq
Irpj
l ekpkj yk; k gSfd d¯yx dsegkjkt yMk+bZesaekjsx, gS A
a
v ' kksd % (çl Uurki w
oZ
d ) ekjsx, gS ! rksexèk dhfot ; gq
a bZgS
! d¯yx t hr
fy; k x; k gS
!
(l a
oknnkrk pq i jgrk gS
A)
v ' kksd % cksy rsD; ka
sugharq
e\ pq
i D; ksagks\
l aoknnkrk % (èkhjsl s) cksy w
¡D; k egkjkt ! d¯yx&nq
xZdsi QkVd v kt Hkhca
n gS
A
fi Q
j fdl eq ¡g dgw¡ fd d¯yx t hr fy; k x; kA
v ' kksd % (mÙksft r gksd j) d¯yx dsi Q kVd v kt Hkh ca n gS \
a
l aoknnkrk % gk¡egkjkt ! d¯yx dsi Q kVd v kt Hkhca n gS A
a
v ' kksd % (mÙksft r gksd j [ kM+
sgksrsgq, ) can gS
arks[ kq
y t k, ¡xsAt kv ks] t kdj
l suki fr l sdg nksfd dy l suk dk l a pkyu eS aLo; ad: ¡xkAdy
; k rksd¯yx dsnq xZdsi Q kVd [ kq
y t k, ¡xs; k exèk dh l suk gh
oki l pyh t k, xhAt kv ksA(gkFk l st kusdk l a d sr djrsgS A)
a

37
 nw
l j k n`';
( nw
l j sfnu çkr%d ky d k l e; A' kL=k&l fTt r v ' kksd ?kksM+
si j cSBsgS
Amud s
a
i kl mud k l suki fr gS
A l keusd ¯y x&nq xZgSA ft l d si Q
a kVd ca n gS A)
a
v ' kksd % esjsohj l Sfudks! v kt pkj l ky l s; q ¼ gksjgk gS ] fi Q
j Hkhge bl
d¯yx dkst hr ughai k, gS A ml dsfdl h nq
a xZi j exèk dh i rkdk
ughai +Qgjk jghgS Ad¯yx dsegkjkt ekjsx, gS Amudsl suki fr i gys
a
gh dS n gkspq d sgS ] fi Q
a j Hkh d¯yx v kR el ei Z
. k ughadj jgk gS A
v kv ks] v kt ge v i uhekrH̀kw fe dh' ki Fk ysd j ç.k djsafd ; k rks
ge d¯yx dsnq xZi j v fèkdkj dj ysaxs; k l nk dsfy, eR̀ ; qdh
xksn esal kst k, ¡xsA
lc lS
fud % (ry okj [ kha p dj)
exèk dht ; ! l ezkV
v ' kksd dh t ; !
(l gl k nq
xZdk i + QkVd [ kqy t krk
gSA l c v k' p; Zl smèkj ns[kusyxrsgS A
a
mudh ryokjsaf[ ka ph dh f[ ka phjg t krh
gSA
a ' kL=k&l fTt r fL=k; ksadh fo' kky l suk
i+Q
kVd dsckgj fudyusyxrhgS Al suk ds
v kxsi q#"k Hksl esa, d ohjka xuk gS
] t ksl S
fud Hks"k esal k{kkr~pa Mh&l hfn[ kkbZnsrhgS A; g
d¯yx egkjkt dhdU ; k i n~
ek gSAfL=k; ksadhl suk v ' kksd dhl suk l sdq N nwj h i j #d
t krhgS Av ' kksd dsfl i kghea =keq
Xèk&l sns[krsjg t krsgS Av ' kksd Hkhpfdr jg t krsgS
a A)
a
i n~
ek % (v kxsc<+ d j v i uh l suk l s) cfguks! rq
e ohj&dU ; k] ohj&Hkfxuh
v kSj ohj&i RuhgksAeq >srq el sdqN ughadguk gS Aft l l suk usrq Egkjs
fi rk] HkkbZ
] iq
=k v kS
j i fr dhgR ; k dhgS] og rqEgkjsl keus[ kM+hgSA
v kt ml hl srq Egsayksgk ysuk gSA rqe ç.k djksfd t uuht U e&Hkwfe
dksi jkèkhu gksrsns[kusdsi gysrq e l nk dsfy, v i uhv k¡[ ksaca n
dj yksxhA
v ' kksd % (Lor% ) ; g dkS
u gS\ D; kl k{kkr~nq xkZd¯yx dhj{kk djusdsfy,
;q¼Hkwfe esamrj v kbZgS
\ ' ks"k l S
fud Hkhl HkhfL=k; k¡gS
AD; k fL=k; ksa
a
l sHkh; q¼ djuk gksxk\ D; k v ' kksd dksfL=k; ksadk Hkh oèk djuk
gksxk\ uk! eSaL=kh&oèk ughad: ¡xkA eq >sfot ; ughapkfg, A eS a; g

38
 i ki ughad: ¡xkAeS
a' kL=k ughapykÅ¡xkA(çdV) l S fudksa
] fL=k; ksai j
gkFk u mBkukA (v kxsc<+ d j) rq
e dkSu gksnsoh \
i n~
ek % eS
ad¯yx egkjkt dh dU ; k gw
¡A eSagR; kjsv ' kksd dh l suk l syM+ us
v kbZgw
¡A t c rd eS agw
¡] esjh; sohjkaxuk, ¡ gS
] d¯yx dsHkhrj dksbZ
a
iS
j ughaj[ k l drkAdgk¡ gSv ' kksd ] dgk¡ gSesjsfi rk dk gR ; kjk\
eS
aml l s}a } &; q
¼ djuk pkgrh gw ¡A
v ' kksd % v ' kkds rkseS
aghgw ¡jkt dq
ekjh! nks"kheS aghgw¡Ai ja
r qrq
e L=khgks] rq
Egkjh
l suk HkhfL=k; ksadhgS AeS
a afL=k; ksai j ' kL=k ughapykšxkA
i n~
ek % D; ksaegkjkt \
v ' kksd % ' kkL=kdhv kKkgSjkt dq
ekjhA
i n~
ek % v kS
j ' kkL=k dhv kKk gSfd rq e fuji jkfèk; kasdhgR ; k djks\ ' kkL=k dh
v kKk gSfd rq e v i uhfot ;&ykyl ki w j hdjusdsfy, yk[ kksaekrkvksa
dhxksn l q uhdj nks\ yk[ kksafL=k; kasdhek¡x dkfl U nwj i kN
sa nks\ i Q
¡d
w
nksml ' kkL=k dks]t ksrq Egsa; g fl [ kkrkgS AeS arqel s' kkL=kl h[ kusugha
v kbZgw ¡] ' kL=kksal s; q
¼ djusv kbZgw ¡A rqe gR ; kjsgks] eSav i uh cfy
p<+ kdj rq Egkjs[ k+ u dhI; kl cq
w >kusv kbZgw ¡Av i usfl i kfg; ksal sdgks
fd ryokj mBk, ¡] d¯yx dhfL=k; k¡ rq el sdq N ughapkgrha ] dsoy
;q
¼ pkgrh gS A(v ' kksd fl j >q
a d k ysrsgS A)
a
i n~
ek % D; ksa
] fl j D; ksa>qd k fy; k egkjkt \ eS
a; q
¼ pkgrh gw
¡] dsoy ; q
¼A
v kt v ki dsHkh"k.k; q ¼
dhi w . kkZ
gq
fr gksxhA
v ' kksd % cgq
r gkspqdk jkt dqekjhA
eS
av c ; q
¼ughad: ¡xkA
dHkh ; q
¼ ughad: ¡xkA
(ryokj uhpsi Q d nsrs
sa
gS
A)
a
i n~
ek % ; g D; k egkjkt !
v ' kksd % (v i usl S
fudksal s) rq
e Hkh v i uh ryokjsauhpsi sa
Q
d nksA v kt l s

39
 v ' kksd rq
EgsadHkhfdl hi j v kØe.kdjusdhv kKk ughansxkAi sa
Q
d
nksv i uh ryokjsaA
(l Hkhl Sfud v i uh&v i uhryokjsai sa
Q
d nsrsgS
A)
a
i n~
ek % (v kxsc<+
d j) eSaHkq
y kosesaughav k l drh egkjkt ! eS
arq
el s; q
¼
d: ¡xhAeq
>sv i usfi rk dk cnyk ysuk gSA
v ' kksd % (fl j >q d kdj) rksyhft , cnyk jkt dq ekjhA eS av i jkèkh gw
¡A ft l
v ' kkds usyk[ kksadkfl j dkVkgSv kSj ft l v ' kksd dk fl j vkt rd
fdl hdsv kxsugha>q d k og v ki dsv kxsur gS AdkV yhft , bl fl j
dksAeS agfFk; kj ughamBkÅ¡xkAesjh çfrKk v Vy gS A(v ' kksd fl j
>q
d kdj [ kM+ sgkst krsgS A)
a
i n~
ek % rkst kb, egkjkt ! fL=k; k¡HkhfugR
Fkksai j okj ughadjsa
xhAv ki v i uh
çfrKk dh j{kk dsfy, t hfor jfg, A(i n~ ekv i uhfL=k; ksadhl sukds
l kFk nq
xZesapyht krhgS A)
rhl j k n`';
( v ' kksd v kS
j ml d sl Hkh l j nkj i hy soL=k èkkj . k fd , gq
, gS
Amud s
a
l keus, d ckS ¼ fHk{kqcSBsgq , gSA)
a
ckS
¼ fHk{kq % (v ' kksd l s) dgks] eS
açfrKk djrk gw
¡ fd------------------
v ' kksd % eS
açfrKk djrk gw
¡ fd-------------------
ckS
¼ fHk{kq % t c rd esjs' kjhj esaçk.k jgsa
xs--------------------
v ' kksd % t c rd esjs' kjhj esaçk.k jgsa
xs---------------------
ckS
¼ fHk{kq % v fga
l k ghesjk èkeZgksxkA
v ' kksd % v fga
l k ghesjk èkeZgksxkA
ckS
¼ fHk{kq % eS
al cl sçse d: ¡xkv kS
j esjhd#.kk dkl nkozr v ki l cdksfeysxkA
v ' kksd % eS
al cl sçse d: ¡xkv kS
j esjhd#.kk dkl nkozr v ki l cdksfeysxkA
ckS
¼ fHk{kq % çfrKk djksfd t c rd t hfor jgw ¡xk] v i uhçt k dhHkykbZd: ¡xkA
l c çkf.k; ka
sdksl q
[ k v kS
j ' kka
fr i gq¡pkusdk ç; Ru d: ¡xkAl c èkeks±
dksl eku nf̀"V l sns[kw¡xkA

40
v ' kksd % eS
açfrKkdjrk gw
¡fd eS
a' kfDr Hkj v ki dhv kKk dki kyu d: ¡xkA
ckS
¼ fHk{kq % cksy ksµ
cq
¼a' kj.kaxPNkfeA
èkeZa' kj.kaxPNkfeA
la?ka' kj.kaxPNkfeA
l Hkh %
cq
¼a' kj.kaxPNkfeA
èkeZa' kj.kaxPNkfeA
la?ka' kj.kaxPNkfeA
(i Vk{ksi)
µ oa
' khèkj J hokLro
' kCnkFkZ
' kL=k µ gkFkes saFkkedj pyk; kt kusokykgfFk; kj] t S
l s&ryokj
R; kx & NkMs+uk
l aoknnkrk & laokn i gq ¡pkusokyk
xq Irpj & fNi dj Vksg ysusokyk] t kl w l
la p ky u & usrR̀o] l q pk# : i l spykuk
v kR el ei Z
.k & v i usv ki dksmifLFkr djuk] Lo; ai dM+esav kuk
i j kèkhu & nwl jksadsv èkhu
ohjka xuk & ohj efgyk] ; q ¼ esayM+
usokyh efgyk
l k{kkr~ & l keus
çfr Kk & ç.k] fu' p;

ç' u&v H; kl
i kB l s
1- i n~ek dsyydkjusi j Hkhv ' kksd us; q
¼ djuk Lohdkj D; ksaughafd; k\
2- i n~ek dksv ' kksd l scnyk ysusdk v PNk v ol j Fkk] rc Hkh ml usv ' kksd dks
t hfor D; ksaNksM+fn; k\

41
3- cq¼a' kj.kaxPNkfe A
èkeZa' kj.kaxPNkfe A
la?ka' kj.kaxPNkfe A
ckWDl esafn, x, mi; q Dr okD; l a
Z LÑr Hkk"kkesafy[ ksx, gS aAbU gs
afgU nhesav uqokn
dhft , A
i kB l sv kxs
1- lSfudksadksmR l kfgr djusdsfy, jkt dq ekjh i n~
ek v kSj l ezkV v ' kksd }kjk dgh
x; hckrksadhrq y uk dhft , v kSj crkb, fd v fèkd çHkko' kkyhdkS u gS\
2- bl , dkad hdksdgkuh ds: i esafyf[ k, A
3- v xj v ki i n~ ek dh t xg gksrsrksD; k djrs\ rdZ iw. kZmR rj nhft , A
4- dYi uk dj crkb, fd ; fn v ' kksd v kS j i n~
ek dk ; q ¼ gksx; k gksrk rksD; k
gksrk\
5- ^v L=k* v kS
j ^' kL=k* dsv a r j dksfyf[ k, A
6- ^; q
¼ l sgkfu* fo"k; i j v i usfe=k dks, d i =k fyf[ k, A
O;kd j . k
1. uhps rhu okD; fn, x, gS a t ks ç' uokpd ] i w . kZ
foj ke v kS
j foLe; kfn
fLFkfr; ksad ksçd V d j rsgS Ai f<+
a , v kSj l ef>, A
(d) exèk dhfot ; gq bZgS\
([ k) exèk dhfot ; gq bZgSA
(x) exèk dhfot ; gq bZgS!
mDr mnkgj.k dsv kèkkj i j , slsghrhu okD; ksadksfyf[ k, A
2- okD; esaç; ksx djds^' kL=k* v kSj ^' kkL=k* esav U
rj LFkkfi r dhft , A
xfrfofèk
1- bl , dkad h dsdq Nl a okn t ks'khysv kokt +esadgsx, gS av kS
j dqN uje
v kokt +esa
A, slsnks&nksl aoknksadksfyf[ k, v kS
j v fHkuhr dhft , A
2- fdl h mRl o dsekS d si j bl , dka d h dk eapu dhft , A

42
 10 bZ
"; kZ%r wu xbZesjseu l s
j keèkkj hfl a
g ^fnud j * d sbl j ksp d fucaèkesat hou d sj kst +
ej kZd sO
; ogkj ksai j fVIi . kh
gSv kS j l gh&l a rq
fyr t hou d sçfr , d nf̀"Vd ks.k fod fl r d j usd h l h[ k gS At hou&d kS ' ky
v è; ; u d k , d mYys[kuh; i gywgS Arukoksad ksd e d j usesaO; fDr d hv i uh v a r j kRek [ kkl
; ksxnku nsrhgS A; g fucaèk bl v a r fuZ
fgr l e> d ksfod fl r d j rk gSA' kh"kZ
d j ksp d gSvkS j i gyh
ut + j esai <+usd k v kea =k. k nsrk gSAfcgkj d s; ' kLoh l kfgR;d kj fnud j d sj p uk l a l kj d h
fofoèkrk d ksHkh l e>usesai kB l gk; d gS A
esjs?kj dsnkfgus, d odhy
jgrsgS ] t ks[ kkus&i husl sv PNsgS
a ]
a
nksLrksadksHkh [ + kw
c f[ kykrsgS av kSj
l Hkk&l kslkbfV; ksaesaHkh dki Qh Hkkx
ysrsgSAacky&cPpksal sHkjk&i wj ki fjokj]
ukSd j Hkhl q[ k nsusokysv kjSi RuhHkh
vR ;a
r eǹq Hkkf"k.khA Hkyk , d l q [ kh
euq "; dksD; k pkfg, \
exj] osl q
[ khughagSAmudsHkhrj dkS
a u&l k nkg gS
] bl seSaHkyh&Hkk¡fr t kurk gw
¡A
njv l y mudh cxy esat kschek , t saV gS] mudsfoHko dh of̀¼ l sodhy l kgc dk
a
dyst k t yrk jgrk gS Aodhy l kgc dksHkxoku ust ksdq N nsj[ kk gS
] og mudsfy,
dki Qhughanh[ krkAosbl ¯prkesaHkqust kjgsgSafd dk' k! , t sa
VdheksVj] ml dhekfl d
v k; v kS
j ml dh rM+ d &HkM+
d Hkh esjh gq
bZgksrhA
bZ
"; kZdk ; gh v uks[kk ojnku gS A ft l euq "; dsân; esabZ "; kZ?kj cuk ysrh gS ]
og mu pht ksal sv kua n ughamBkrk] t ksml dsi kl ekS tw n gS_ cfYd mu oLrq v ksal snq
% [k
mBkrk gS] t ksnw l jksadsi kl gS Aog v i uh rq y uk nw
l jksadsl kFk djrk gS A v kS
j bl rq y uk
esai {k dsl Hkhv Hkko ml dsân; i j na ' kekjrsjgrsgS Ana
a ' k dsbl nkg dksHkksxuk dksbZ
v PNh ckr ughagS Aexj bZ "; kZ
y qeuq "; djsHkh rksD; k\ v knr l sykpkj gksd j ml s; g
osnuk Hkksxuh i M+ r hgSA, d miou dksi kdj Hkxoku dksèkU ; okn nsrsgq, ml dk v kua n
ughaysuk v kS j cjkcj bl ¯prk esafueXu jguk fd bl l sHkh cM+ k miou D; ksaughafeyk]
, d , slk nks"k gSft l l sbZ"; kZ
y qO;fDr dk pfj=k HkhHk; a d j gksmBrk gS Av i usv Hkko i j
fnu&jkr l ksprs&l ksprsog l f̀"V dhçfØ; k dksHkw y dj fouk' kesayx t krk gSv kS j v i uh
mUufr dsfy, mn~ ; e djuk NkM s+d j og nw l jksadksgkfu i gq¡pkusdksghv i ukJs"B drZ O;
l e>usyxrk gS A

43
 bZ
"; kZdhcM+ h csVh dk uke fua nk gS
At ksO;fDr bZ "; kZ
y qgksrk gS
] oghO;fDr cq js
fdLe dk fua nd Hkh gksrk gS Anwl jksadh fuank og bl fy, djrk gSfd bl çdkj] nw l js
yksx t urk v Fkok fe=kksadh v k¡[ kksal sfxj t k, ¡xsv kS
j rc t ksLFkku fjDr gksxk] ml i j
v uk; kl eS agh fcBk fn; k t kšxkA
exj] , lsk u v kt rd gqv k gSv kS
j u gksxkAnw
l jkasdksfxjkusdhdksf' k' krks] v i us
dksc<+kusdhdksf' k' k ughadght k l drhA, d ckr v kS j gSfd l a l kj esadksbZHkheuq ";
fua
nk l sughafxjrkAml dsi ru dk dkj.k v i usgh Hkhrj dsl n~ xq. kksadk ßkl gksrk gS A
bl h çdkj dksbZHkheuq "; nw
l jka
sdhfuank djusl sv i uh mU ufr ughadj l drkA mU ufr
rksml dhrHkhgksxh] t c og v i uspfj=kdksfueZ y cuk, rFkk vi usxq .kksadkfodkl djsA
bZ"; kZdk dke t ykuk gS Aexj l cl si gysog ml h dkst ykrh gSft l dsân;
esaml dkt U e gksrk gS Av ki Hkh, slscgq r &l syksxksadkst kursgksa
xst ksbZ"; kZv kS
j n~ os"k dh
l kdkj ew frZgS av kSj t kscjkcj bl fi + Q
Ø esaghjgrsgS afd dgk¡l q uusokysfeysfd v i us
fny dk xq ckj fudkyusdk ekd Sk feysAJksrk feyrsgh mudk xzkeksiQ ksu ct usyxrk gS
v kSj oscM+ hghgksf' k; kjhdsl kFk , d&, d dka Mbl <a x l sl q
ukrsgS] ekuks] fo' o&dY; k.k
a
dksNksM+ d j mudk v kS j dksbZè; s; ughagksAexj] t jk mudsv i usbfrgkl dksHkhnsf[ k,
v kSj l e>usdhdksf' k' k dhft , fd t c l smU gksa
usbl l q d eZdk v kja Hk fd; k gS ] rc l s
osv i us{ks=k esav kxsc<+ sgS a; k i hNsgVsgSA; g Hkh fd v xj osfua
a nk djusesal e; v kS j
' kfDr dkv i O;; ughadjrsrksv kt mudkLFkku dgk¡gksrk\ ¯prkdksyksx fprk dgrs
gSA
a ft l sfdl hçpa M¯prk usi dM+fy; k gS ] ml cspkjsdhft a nxhgh[ kjkc gkst krhgS A
¯drqbZ "; kZ' kk; n ¯prk l sHkh cnrj pht gS ] D; ksa
fd og euq "; dsekS fyd xq . kksadksgh
dq fBr cuk Mkyrh gS
a A eR̀;q
] ' kk; n] fi Q
j Hkh Js"B gScfuLcr bl dsfd gesav i usxq . kksa
dksdq fBr cukdj t huk i M+
a sAfpa r k&nXèk euq"; l ekt dhn; k dk i k=k gS A¯drqbZ "; kZl s
t yk Hkq uk v kneh t + gj dh , d pyrh&fi Q jrh xBjh dsl eku gSt ksgj t xg ok; qdks
nwf"kr djrh fi Q jrh gSA
bZ
"; kZeuq"; dk pkfjf=kd nks"k ghughagS ] çR
;q
r ] bl l seuq
"; dsv kua n esaHkhckèkk
i M+
r hgS
At c Hkheuq "; dsân; esabZ "; kZdk mn; gksrk gS
] l keusdk l w; Zml sef¼e&l k
nh[ kusyxrk gS ] i f{k; ksadsxhr esat knwughajg t krk v kS
j iQ y rks, slsgkst krsgS
w ] ekuks]
a
osns[kus; ksX; ghughagksa A
v ki dgsa
xsfd fua nk dsck.k l sv i usi zfr}af}; ksadkscsèkdj g¡l usesa, d v kua
n
gSv kS
j ; g v kua
n bZ
"; kZ
y qO;fDr dk l cl scM+ ki q
j Ldkj gS Aexj ; g g¡l heuq"; dhugha ]
jk{kl dhg¡l h gksrh gSv kSj v kua
n HkhnSR; ksadk v kua n gksrk gSA

44
 bZ
"; kZdk l a ca
èk i zfr}af}; ksal sgksrk gS] D; ksa
fd fHk[ keaxk djksM+i fr l sbZ "; kZugha
djrkA ; g , d , slh ckr gSt ksbZ "; kZdsi {k esaHkhi M+l drh gS ] D; ksa
fd i zfr}af}; ksal s
Hkheuq "; dk fodkl gksrkgS Afda rq ] v xj v ki l a
l kj&O;ki hl q; ' k pkgrsgS arksv ki ] jl sy
dserkuq l kj] ' kk; n] usiksfy; u l sLi èkkZdjsa xsAexj] ; kn jf[ k, fd usiksfy; u Hkhl ht j
l sLi èkkZdjrk Fkk v kS j l ht j fl da nj l srFkk fl da nj gjD; q
fyl l s] ft l gjD; q fyl ds
ckjsesabfrgkl dkjksadk ; g er gSfd og dHkh i S nk gh ughagq v kA
bZ
"; kZdk , d i {k l peq p ghykHknk; d gksl drk gSft l dsv èkhu gj v kneh]
gj t kfr v kS j gj ny v i usdksv i usi zfr}af}; ksadk l ed{k cukuk pkgrk gS A fda r q; g
rHkhl aHko gS ] t cfd bZ
"; kZ
y qO;fDr ; g egl wl djrk gSfd dksbZpht +gS ] t ksml dsHkhrj
ughagS_ dksbZoLrqgS ] nw
l jksadsi kl gSfdar qog ; g ughal e> i krk gSfd bl oLrqdks
çkIr dS l sdjuk pkfg, A xq Ll sesav kdj og v i usfdl h i M+ kslh] fe=k ; k l edkyhu
O;fDr dksv i usl sJs"B ekudj ml l st yusyxrkgS ] t cfd osyksx Hkhv i us
&v ki l s' kk;n]
oS
l sgh vl a rq"V gka
A
s
v ki us; g Hkh ns[kk gkxsk fd ' kjhi +Qyksx v Dl j ; g l ksprsgq
, v i uk fl j
[ ktqyk; k djrsgS afd i Q
ykav kneheq >l sD; ksat yrk gS
] eS
usrksml dk dq
a N ughafcxkM+k_
v kSj v eq
d O;fDr bl dnj esjhfua nk esaD; ksayxk gq
v k gS
\ l p rks; g gSfd eS usl cl s
a
v fèkd HkykbZml hdh dh gS A
; sl ksprsgSµeS
a arksi kd+
&l ki Qgw¡] eq
>esafdl hHkhO;fDr dsfy, nq HkkZ
oukughagS _
cfYd] v i usnq ' euksadh HkheS aHkykbZghl kspk djrk gw ¡A fi Q
j ; syksx esjsi hNsD; ksai M+ s
gq
, gS
\ eq
a >esadkS u&l k og , sc gS] ft l snwj djdseS abu nksLrksadkspq i dj l drk gw ¡\
bZ
' ojpaæ fo| kl kxj t c bl rt qj csl sgksd j xq
t jsrc mU
gksa
us, d l w
=k dgk]
^rq
Egkjh fuank ogh djsxk] ft l dh rq
eusHkykbZdh gS A*
v kS
j uhRl st c bl dw psl sgksd j fudyk] rc ml ust +ksjksadk , d Bgkdk yxk; k
v kS
j dgk fd ; kj] ; srksckt +
kj dhefD[ k; k¡gS
at ksv dkj.k gekjspkjksav ksj fHkufHkuk; k
djrh gSA
a
; sl keusç' kal k v kS
j i hNs&i hNsfua
nk fd; k djrh gSAge budsfnekx+i j cS
a Bsgq,
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48