on OY —_ aN = Suy erections B5) FIND Your wi In Industry - Agricul C C c fs fs fs fs o t 0 o U U is1 1939-1945 World War II Conflict and Change World War II took place between 1939 and 1945. It was the most destructive military conflict in history. Between 40 and 80 million people died. The majority were civilians who perished due to war-related disease and famine. More than 1 million American servicemen and women were killed or wounded. Because the war took place in Europe and Asia, our civilian population remained safe. The Soviet Union suffered more than 20 million military and civilian deaths, and China lost 15 million people. The war was fought between two sides, the Allies and the Axis Powers. The United States, Great Britain, Soviet Union, Canada, China, Australia, New Zealand, and France, were the main Allied nations. Germany, Japan, and Italy made up the Axis Powers. Surprising facts about World War II 442"¢ Regiment, U.SSArmy, © Michael Goldfein1939-1945 World War II Germans ine up for food 1314) ; ‘ The Treaty of Versailles officially ended World War I. It placed harsh restrictions on Germany. The Allies demanded that Germany pay reparations of $33 billion dollars for the devastation it caused during the war. The treaty limited the German military to a fraction of its original size. Additionally, high inflation (a rapid rise in prices) caused the German economy to crumble. The country was printing so much paper money to pay its war debt, that German marks became worthless. (The “mark” is Germany’ official currency) In 1919, four German marks equaled one U.S. dollar, by 1923 four million German marks to equaled on U.S. dollar! Paper money was so worthless, that some Germans used it as wallpaper. When the worldwide depression hit in 1930,) Causes of World War Il L ( b Libs. ———-|_._ Family and household belongings tm fog nea cera Genk Nate OD1939-1945 World War II What is Fascism? oeeeone eee The Axis Powers Dictator Country © Michael Goldfein1939-1945 World War II Cc bt) 8 CG oC S © ° 20000%00009000090000960 ig Three” Allied Powers Leader Country o Cc _—___ al C eo oS S o ° Ss iil Cc B o S Cc o _ Co e o (© Michael Goldfein5 1939-1945 World War II America First rally 1941. a World War I claimed the lives of more than 116,000 U.S. soldiers. As the years passed, the loss of loved ones remained painful for families throughout the country. Many Americans came to believe the nation had been tricked into joining the Allied cause for the wrong reasons. Bitterness grew when it was learned that arms manufacturers had made large profits during the war, and that Britain and France could not repay U.S. loans. The 1930s were already difficult because of the Great Depression, and Americans were in no mood to become involved in another ee conflict. What is Isolationism? NO FOREIGN NTANGLEMENTS Says Our Sons The America First Committee had 800,000 members. It was the largest isolationist organization in America. Prominent Americans from both major political parties supported the group, including filmmaker Walt Disney, and future presidents Gerald Ford and John F. Kennedy. The A.FC. held many large rallies but was dissolved in 1941 after the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor. Nous oy ar courrree Causes of Isolationism s Two Viewpoints > ‘Aviator Charles Lindbergh held racist views and did not consider Germany to be a threat to the United States. He gave radio addresses urging America to remain neutral. Theodore Geisel, better known as Dr. Seuss, drew many political cartoons mocking isolationism and warning of the dangers of Nazi agaression in Europe. sca ‘Charles Lindbergh © Michael Goldfein theadore Geisel “Dr. Seuss”1939-1945 World War Il WEZ \ 45 (4 Be = a His real name was Theodor Seuss Geisel. As WWII oneal Fi 27 man we know as Dr. Seuss, believed that America must be warned about the dangers of fascism abroad and isolationism at home. Geisei stopped writing for child he drew 400 political cartoons for PM Newspaper in Ne Geisel's cartoons expressed his strong negative opinions about Hitler and Nazism, social injustice, anti-Semitism, and grandstanding politicians he referred to as "windbags”. andthe Wal dewed pte cide dst ot bes. ‘Bat hoe were Fagn Grn ond rely ie ter” Dr. Seuss cartoons courtesy of the Mandeville Library Special Collection at7 1939-1945 World War II \ involvement in any foreign conflict. The three Neutrality Acts enacted between 1935 and 1937 made it nearly impossible to aid our allies. President, \ Roosevelt argued that by preventing America from helping our friends such as France and Great Britain, we were making it easier for our eventual enemies, Germany and Japan, to wage war. Neutrality Acts ~—————_— 1935 — 1937 | By 1940 Great Britain and France were at war with Nazi Germany. Both had run out of money to ' buy arms and supplies from the U.S. Prime Minister Winston Churchill sought help, and President | Roosevelt convinced Americans that aiding Great Britain was vital to the defense of the United States. © 1940 - Destroyers for Bases 1941 - Lend-Lease8 1939-1945 World War II Four Freedoms Freedom of Speech Freedom of Worship Freedom from Want Freedom fom Fear 51941 State of the Union Address In January 1941, President Roosevelt worked to persuade Americans and opponents in Congress to abandon isolationism. He warned that, “Those who would give up essential liberty to purchase a little temporary safety, deserve neither liberty nor safety” In his State of the Union address, he proposed four fundamental freedoms that every person in the world should enjoy. He felt that freedom was a basic human right. Thais address is often called the Four Freedoms speech. ‘SWE FREEDOM OF SPEECIT —-Who was FDR trying to persuade with this speech? SIE FREEDOM OF WORST = : DR gS The posters were designed by artist Norman Rockwell as in 1943. What do you notice about them? Why do you think FDR stressed-that every person in the world deserves these freedoms? to fight for FREEDOM FROV FEAR1939-1945 World War II America’s Road to Match the correct event to its year Match the correct description Japan attacks Pearl Harbor Hopltshtimespeniod) Destroyers for Bases ¢ Aid to allies Germany invades Poland Isolationism Lend-Lease Congress passes Neutrality Acts Germany invades France e America at war © Michael Goldtfein1939-1945 World War II 'U.S.S- Arizona on fire after bombing 2 oO 29 o ‘On the morning of December 7, 1941 more than 350 Japanese aircraft launched a surprise atfack on the American naval base at Pearl Harbor, in the U.S. Territory of Haw he Japanese planes flew from six aircraft carriers that had approached Hawaii undetected. 20 American naval vessels, including 8 battleships, and nearly 200 airplanes, were destroyed. 2,388 American soldiers and sailors died, and another 1,000 were wounded. The following day, the United States declared war on Japan. Three days later, Japanese allies Germany and Italy declared war on the U.S. JAPS OPEN WAR ON U.S. U.S. AND APS AT Wi WITH BOMBING OF HAWAII seu In 1941, how did most Americans get the news about the attack on Pearl Harbor? Why did President oneal call Secombe 7, 1941, “A date which will live in infamy?”u 1939-1945 World War II Manzanar War Relocation Center, California 1943 Internment feeb zs ie. one: z Zs 2 a - abeart Mtn. fous Minidoka. ‘When Japan bombed Pearl Harbor, tens of thousands ‘of Americans of Japanese ancestry lived in Oregon, A Topaz ean Washington, California, and Arizona. Many military and ‘ L Granada political leaders feared they would not remain loyal to Bg ent — United States. In February 1942, President Roosevelt BPoston ordered the Army to “relocate” them to heavily guarded AMGilaR Roel internment camps. More than 110,000 people were forced from their homes. Two-thirds (65,000) were American citizens who were denied their constitutional rights. The crowded camps were ringed with barbed wire and located in barren desert areas. Conditions were harsh and uncomfortable. Most families lost treasured possessions, homes, and businesses. = StoréTh Oakland, CAPI942 = Did the nation ever apologize for internment?