GSEB Solutions
GSEB Solutions Class 12 Statistics Part 1 Chapter 2
Linear Correlation Ex 2.2
October 18, 2024 / By Bhagya / Class 12
Gujarat Board Statistics Class 12 GSEB Solutions Part 1 Chapter 2 Linear
Correlation Ex 2.2 Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.
Gujarat Board Textbook Solutions Class 12
Statistics Part 1 Chapter 2 Linear Correlation Ex 2.2
Question 1.
From the following information obtained from a sample of 7 families of a society
regarding height of father (in cm) and height of his adult son (in cm), calculate the
correlation coefficient:
Answer:
Here, n = 7; x = Height of father and y = Height of son
Now, x̄ = = = 167 cm;
Σx 1169
n 7
Σy
ȳ = n
= 1176
7
= 168 cm;
x̄ and ȳ are Integers. So the table for calculating r is prepared as follows:
Correlation coefficient:
Σ(x−x̄)(y−ȳ )
r=
2 2
√Σ(x−x̄) ⋅√Σ(y−ȳ )
Putting Σ(x – x̄) (y – ȳ) = 25, Σ(x – x̄)2 = 28 and Σ(y – ȳ)2 = 34 in the formula,
r=
25
√28⋅√34
=
25
√952
=
25
30.85
= 0.81
Question 2.
A local cottage industry making various snacks sells each snack in a packet of 100
gm. From a study for price determination regarding a new kind of wafer, the
following information is obtained for the price and the demand:
Find the correlation coefficient between price of wafer and its demand.
Answer:
Here, n = 6; x = Price and y = Demand
Σy
Now, x̄ = Σx
n
= 180
6
= ₹ 30; ȳ = n
= 132
6
= 22 (’000 units)
x̄ and ȳ are integers. So the table for calculating r is prepared as follows:
Correlation coefficient:
Σ(x−x̄)(y−ȳ )
r=
2 2
√Σ(x−x̄) ⋅√Σ(y−ȳ )
Putting Σ(x – x̄) (y – ȳ) = – 79, Σ(x – x̄)2 = 90 and Σ(y – ȳ)2 = 86 in the formula,
−79
r=
√90⋅√86
−79
=
√7740
−79
= 87.98
= – 0.90
Hence, the correlation coefficient between the price and demand of wafers
obtained is – 0.90.
Question 3.
From the following information of a sample of ten students of a school regarding
their marks in two subjects Accountancy and Statistics, find the coefficient of
correlation between the marks of two subjects:
Answer:
Here, n = 10; x = Marks in Accountancy; y = Marks in Statistics
Σx 640 Σy 610
Now, x̄ = n
= 10
= 64 marks; ȳ = n
= 10
= 61 marks
x̄ and ȳ are integers. So the table for calculating r is prepared as follows:
Correlation coefficient:
Σ(x−x̄)(y−ȳ )
r=
2 2
√Σ(x−x̄) ⋅√Σ(y−ȳ )
Putting Σ(x – x̄) (y – ȳ) = 3535, Σ(x – x̄)2 = 4390 and Σ(y – ȳ)2 = 3490 in the formula,
r=
3535
√4390⋅√3490
=
3535
√15321100
=
3535
3914.22
= 0.90
Hence, the correlation coefficient between the marks of Accountancy and
Statistics obtained is 0.90
Question 4.
To check the ability of Mathematics and Logic of the students of a city a private
educational institute gives twenty puzzles based on these two subjects to six
children selected from various schools.
The number of puzzles solved by them is given below:
Compute the correlation coefficient between performances of children in two types
of puzzles using the given data.
Answer:
Here, n = 6;
x = No. of puzzles solved based on Mathematics
y = No. of puzzles solved based on Logic
Σy
Here, x̄ = Σx
n
= 58
6
= 9.67; ȳ = n
= 61
6
= 10.17
x̄ and ȳ are fractions. The values x and y are not large. So the table for calculating r
is prepared as follows:
Correlation Coefficient:
nΣxy−(Σx)(Σy)
r=
2 2
√nΣx2 −(Σx) ⋅√nΣy 2 −(Σy)
Putting n = 6, Σxy = 598, Σx = 58, Σy = 61, Σx2 = 574 and Σy2 = 711 in the formula,
6×598−(58)(61)
r=
2 2
√6×574−(58) ⋅√6×711−(61)
3588−3538
=
√3444−3364⋅√4266−3721
=
50
√80⋅√545
=
50
√43600
=
50
208.81
= 0.24
Hence, the correlation coefficient between performances of children in two types
of puzzles obtained is 0.24.
Question 5.
Find the correlation coefficient between capital (in crore ₹) invested and the profit
(in crore ₹) from the following data:
Answer:
Here, n = 7;. x = Capital investment; y = Profit
Σy
Now, x̄ = Σx
n
= 110
7
= ₹ 15.71 crore; ȳ = n
= 64
7
= ₹ 9.14 crore
x̄ and ȳ are not integers and the values of x and y are not large. So the table for
calculating r is prepared as follows:
Correlation coefficient:
nΣxy−(Σx)(Σy)
r=
2 2
√nΣx2 −(Σx) ⋅√nΣy 2 −(Σy)
Putting n = 7, Σxy = 1045, Σx = 110, Σy = 64, Σx2 = 1838 and Σy2 = 606 in the
formula,
7×1045−(110)(64)
r=
2 2
√7×1838−(110) ⋅√7×606−(64)
7315−7040
=
√12866−12100⋅√4242−4096
275
=
√766⋅√146
275
=
√111836
275
= 334.42
= 0.82
Hence, the correlation coefficient between the capital investment and profit
obtained is 0.82.
Question 6.
The following information is available for five students selected from a school
regarding the average number of study hours per day and the average number of
sleeping hours:
Calculate the correlation coefficient between the study hours and sleeping hours.
Answer:
Here, n = 5; x = No. of study hours, y = No. of sleeping hours
30 Σy 40
Now, x̄ = Σx
n
= 5
= 6 hours; ȳ = n
= 5
= 8 hours
x̄ and ȳ are integers. So the table for calculation of r is prepared as follows:
Correlation coefficient:
nΣxy−(Σx)(Σy)
r=
2 2
√nΣx2 −(Σx) ⋅√nΣy 2 −(Σy)
Putting Σ(x – x̄) (y – ȳ) = – 16, Σ(x – x̄)2 = 28 and Σ(y – y)2 = 10 in the formula,
−16
r=
√28⋅√10
−16
=
√280
−16
= 16.73
= – 0.96
Hence, the correlation coefficient between the study hours and sleeping hours
obtained is – 0.96.
Question 7.
From the following information of the age (in years) and blood pressure (in mm),
find the correlation coefficient between age and blood pressure:
Answer:
Here, n = 8; x = Age; y = Systolic blood pressure
Σy
Now, x̄ = Σx
n
= 464
8
= 58 year; x̄ = n
= 1153
8
= 144.125 mm
x̄ is integer and ȳ is fraction. The values of x and y are large. So we calculate r by
shortcut method.
Taking A = 58 and B = 150, we obtain new variables u = x – A = x – 58 and v = y – B
= y – 150. The table for calculating r is prepared as follows:
Correlation coefficient:
nΣuv−(Σu)(Σv)
r=
2 2
√nΣu2 −(Σu) ⋅√nΣv2 −(Σv)
Putting n = 8, luu = 340, lu = 0, ID = -47, Eu2= 314 and ID2 = 1089 in the formula,
8×340−(0)(−47)
r=
2 2
√8×314−(0) ⋅√8×1089−(−47)
2720
=
√2512⋅√8712−2209
2720
=
√2512⋅√6503
2720
=
√16335536
2720
= 4041.72
= 0.67
Hence, the correlation coefficient between age and blood pressure obtained is
0.67.
Question 8.
An Engineer Association wants to know the relation between the production
(thousand units) and the unit production cost of different factories. The
information collected from six factories regarding their production and unit
production cost is given below:
Find the correlation coefficient between production and cost per unit of production.
Answer:
Here, n = 6; x = Production; y = Cost of production
Σx 143 Σx 497
Now, x̄ = n
= 6
= 23.83 thousand units; ȳ = n
= 6
= ₹ 82.83
x̄ and ȳ are not integers and values of x and y are large. Taking A = 23 for x and B =
82 for y. We obtain new variables u = x – 23 and v = y – 82. The table for
calculating r is prepared as follows:
Correlation coefficient:
nΣuv−(Σu)(Σv)
r=
2 2
√nΣu2 −(Σu) ⋅√nΣv2 −(Σv)
Putting n = 6, Σuv = – 335, Σu = 5, Σv = 5, Σu2 = 307 and Σv2 = 455 in the formula,
6×(−335)−(5)(5)
r=
2 2
√6×307−(5) ⋅√6×455−(5)
−2010−25
=
√1842−25⋅√2730−25
−2035
=
√1817⋅√2705
−2035
=
√4914985
−2035
= 2216.98
= – 0.92
Hence, the correlation coefficient between production and cost per unit of
production obtained is – 0.92.
Question 9.
Find the correlation coefficient between the yearly per capita income (in ?) and the
price index of the people of six different cities from the following data:
Answer:
Here, n = 6; x = Yearly per capita income; y = Price index
To make calculation of r simple and easy. We obtain new variables u and v by
changing origin and scale.
The values of x are in multiple of 1000 and that of y are in multiple of 10. Therefore
taking A = 30000; Cx = 1000 for x and B = 180, Cy = 10, we obtain the variables u =
x−A x−30000 y−B y−180
Cx
= 1000
and v = Cy
= 10
. The table for calculating r is prepared as
follows:
Correlation coefficient:
nΣuv−(Σu)(Σv)
r=
2 2
√nΣu2 −(Σu) ⋅√nΣv2 −(Σv)
Putting n = 6, Σuv = 102, Σu = 26, Σv = – 10, Σu2 = 222 and Σv2 = 214 in the formula,
6×102−(26)(−10)
r=
2 2
√6×222−(26) ⋅√6×214−(−10)
612+260
=
√1332−676⋅√1284−100
872
=
√656⋅√1184
872
=
√776704
872
= 881.31
= 0.99
Hence, the correlation coefficient between the yearly per capita income and the
price index obtained is 0.99.
Question 10.
The following data are given to study the relation between the number of persons
in a family who drive vehicle and usage of petrol (in litre) per week:
Find the correlation coefficient between the number of members in a family and
usage of petrol.
Answer:
Here, n = 7; x = No. of members per family who drive vehicle; y = Weekly usage of
petrol
To make calculation of r simple and easy, we obtain new variables.
x−A y−B
u= Cx
; where A = 4, Cx = 1 and v = Cy
; where B = 15.5, Cy = 0.5.
The table for calculating r is prepared as follows:
Putting n = 7, Σuv = 101, Σu = – 4, Σv = – 13, Σu2 = 20 and Σv2 = 795 in the formula,
7×101−(−4)(−13)
r=
2 2
√7×20−(−4) ⋅√7×795−(−13)
707−52
=
√140−16⋅√5565−169
=
655
√124×√5396
=
655
√669104
=
655
817.99
= 0.80
Hence, the correlation coefficient between the number of members in a family and
usage of petrol obtained is 0.80.
Question 11.
The following information is obtained to study the effect of the use of fertilizer on
yield of corn in a rural area:
Find the correlation coefficient between use of fertilizer and yield of corn.
Answer:
Here, n = 6; x = Use of fertilizer; y = Yield of corn,
To make the calculation r easy and simple, we take the new variables
x−A y−B
u= Cx
; A = 1.5, Cx = 0.1 and v = Cy
; B = 75, Cy = 5.
The table for calculating r is prepared as follows:
Correlation coefficient:
nΣuv−(Σu)(Σv)
r=
2 2
√nΣu2 −(Σu) ⋅√nΣv2 −(Σv)
Putting n = 6, Euu = 78, Zu = – 4, Eu = – 10, Su2= 106 and Eli2 = 86 in the formula,
6×78−(−4)(−10)
r=
2 2
√6×106−(−4) ⋅√6×86−(−10)
468−40
=
√636−16⋅√516−100
428
=
√620⋅√416
428
=
√257920
== 428
507.86
= 0.84
Hence, the correlation coefficient between use of fertilizer and yield of corn
obtained is 0.84.
Question 12.
Find the correlation coefficient from the following information of rainfall (X) (in cm)
and yield (Y) (tons per hactare) for the last 10 years of a district: n = 10, Cov (x, y) =
30, S.D. of X = 5 and variance of Y = 144
Answer:
Here, n = 10; Cov (x, y) = 30; Sx = 5; Sy2 = 144 Cov (x, y) ∴ Sy = 12
Cov(x,y)
Now, r = Sx ⋅Sy
= = = 0.5
30 30
5×12 60
Hence, the correlation coefficient between rainfall and yield of crop obtained is 0.5.
Question 13.
The following information is obtained regarding the height (X) and weight (Y) from
a sample of ten students of a school:
x̄ = 160, ȳ = 55, Σxy = 90000, Sx = 25, Sy = 10
Find the correlation coefficient between the height and weight from it.
Answer:
Here, n = 10; x̄ = 160; ȳ = 55; Σxy = 90000; Sx = 25 and Sy = 10.
Σxy−nx̄ȳ
Now, r = n⋅Sx ⋅Sy
90000−10×160×55
= 10×25×10
90000−88000
= 2500
=
2000
2500
= 0.8
Hence, the correlation coefficient between height and weight obtained is 0.8.
Question 14.
Determine the value of correlation coefficient from the following data:
1. Σ(x – x̄)2 = 72, Σ(y – ȳ)2 = 32,
Σ(x – x̄) (y – ȳ) = 45
Answer:
(1) Here, Σ(x – x̄)2 = 72; Σ(y – ȳ)2 = 32 and Σ(x – x̄) (y – ȳ) = 45.
Σ(x−x̄)(y−ȳ )
=
2 2
√Σ(x−x̄) ⋅√Σ(y−ȳ )
45
=
√72×√32
45
=
√2304
45
=
48
= 0.94
Hence, the correlation coefficient obtained is 0.94.
(2) n = 6, Σx = 16, Σy = 51, Σxy = 154,
Σx2 = 52, Σy2 = 471
Answer:
Here, n = 6; Σx = 16; Σy = 51; Σxy = 154; Σx2 = 52 and Σy2 = 471.
Hence, the correlation coefficient obtained is 0.96.
Question 15.
Find the value of r from the following data.
Answer:
Here, x̄ = 60; ȳ = 95; Σ(x – x̄)2 = 920; Σ(y – ȳ)2 = 1050 and Σ(x – x̄) (y – ȳ) = – 545.
Σ(x−x̄)(y−ȳ )
Now, r =
2 2
√Σ(x−x̄) ⋅√Σ(y−ȳ )
−545
=
√920⋅√1050
−545 −545
= = 982.85
= – 0.55
√966000
Hence, the correlation coefficient obtained is – 0.55.
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