See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: [Link]

net/publication/393482008

Biological Classification- Objective NCERT Punch Biology 4th Edition by Dr. Vipin
Kumar Sharma (NEET)

Chapter · July 2025

CITATIONS READS
0 37,144

1 author:

Vipin Kumar Sharma

Xcellogen Biotech India Private Limited
24 PUBLICATIONS 215 CITATIONS

SEE PROFILE

All content following this page was uploaded by Vipin Kumar Sharma on 08 July 2025.

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

 20 Objective NCERT Punch – Biology

2 Biological Classification

Topicwise Number of Questions Analysis (2025-2016)

1 8 6 9 0 4
12

11

10

Number of Questions
8

Kingdom Plantae and Animalia

5

Viruses, Viroids and Lichens

4

Kingdom Monera

Kingdom Protista
3

Kingdom Fungi
Classification
2

Heterocyst of an Anabaena Species

Topics

NCERT-Picks
In 1969, R.H. Whittaker proposed a Five Kingdom
Five Kingdom Classification Classification. The kingdoms defined by him were named
Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia.
 Aristotle was the earliest to attempt a more scientific basis
for classification. He used simple morphological characters Main criteria for 5-kingdom classification:
to classify plants into trees, shrubs and herbs.
(i) Cell structure (ii) Body organisation
 In Linnaeus time a two kingdom system of classification (iii) Mode of nutrition (iv) Reproduction
with plantae and animalia kingdom was developed that
included all plants and animals respectively. (v) Phylogenetic relationships

Table: Characteristics of the Five Kingdoms

Five Kingdoms
Characters
Monera Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia
Cell type Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Eukaryotic Eukaryotic Eukaryotic
Cell wall Noncellulosic Present in some Present with chitin Present (cellulose) Absent
(Polysaccharide +
amino acid)
Nuclear membrane Absent Present Present Present Present
Body organisation Cellular Cellular Multicellular/loose Tissue/organ Tissue/organ/organ
tissue system
Mode of nutrition Autotrophic Autotrophic Heterotrophic Autotrophic Heterotrophic
(Chemosynthetic (Photosynthetic) (Saprophytic/ (Photosynthetic) (Holozoic/
and photosynthetic) and Heterotrophic Parasitic) Saprophytic etc.)
and Hetero-trophic
(saprophytic/
parasitic)
Biological Classification 21

Some Drawbacks of Earlier Classification Systems

Kingdom Monera
 It brought together the prokaryotic bacteria and the blue
green algae with other groups which were eukaryotic. Characteristics of Bacteria
 It grouped together the unicellular organisms and the  Sole members of kingdom Monera
multicellular ones, for example, Chlamydomonas and  Most abundant and occur almost every where
Spirogyra were placed together under algae.  Very complex in behaviour but structure is very simple
Show the most extensive metabolic diversity
 The classification did not differentiate between the 
heterotrophic group – fungi, and the autotrophic green Shapes of Bacteria
Spore
plants, though they also showed a characteristic difference
in their walls composition – the fungi had chitin in their
walls while the green plants had a cellulosic cell wall.
 All prokaryotic organisms were grouped together under
Bacilli
Kingdom Monera and the unicellular eukaryotic organisms Cocci
were placed in Kingdom Protista.
Flagellum
 Kingdom Protista has brought together Chlamydomonas,
Chlorella (earlier placed in Algae within Plants and both
having cell walls) with Paramoecium and Amoeba (which
were earlier placed in the animal kingdom which lack cell Spirilla Vibrio
wall). Fig.: Bacteria of different shapes
Nutrition in Bacteria
Mode of nutrition in bacteria

Autotrophic Heterotrophic
(Prepare their own vast majority;
food from inorganic depend on others
substrates) for food

Photoautotroph Chemoautotroph (Derive energy Parasitic (Live on or in Saprophytic (Depend

(Use light energy) from inorganic substances) other plants and animals) on dead organisms)

Classification of Bacteria
Bacteria

Eubacteria Archaebacteria
(True bacteria) (Ancient bacteria)
 Have rigid cell wall Different cell wall structure help to survive
 Motile flagellum present E.g., cyanobacteria in extreme condition eg., methanogens

Heterotrophs (most abundant &

important decomposers) Thermoacidophiles Methanogens Halophiles
Present in hot springs Present in marshy areas Present in extreme
Autotrophs includes all producers salty environment

Chemosynthetic Photosynthetic

 Methanogen bacteria are present in the gut of several ruminant animals, e.g., cows and buffaloes.
 They are responsible for the production of methane (biogas) from the dung
 22 Objective NCERT Punch – Biology

Eubacteria Chrysophytes
 Cyanobacteria (also referred to as blue-green algae) have  Includes diatoms (chief producers in earth) & golden algae
chlorophyll a similar to green plants and are photosynthetic (desmids)
autotrophs.  Cell walls of diatoms are indestructible as they are
Economic Importance of Bacteria embedded with silica.
 Cyanobacteria can fix atmospheric nitrogen in specialised  Cell wall form two thin overlapping shells (fit together as in
cells called heterocysts, e.g., Nostoc and Anabaena. a soap box)
 Chemosynthetic autotrophic bacteria oxidise various  Diatoms have left behind large amount of cell wall deposits
inorganic substances such as nitrates, nitrites and ammonia in their habitat; this accumulation over billions of years is
and use the released energy for their ATP production. They referred to as ‘diatomaceous earth’. Being gritty this soil is
play a great role in recycling nutrients like nitrogen, used in polishing, filtration of oils and syrups.
phosphorus, iron and sulphur.
 Heterotrophic bacteria have a significant impact on human Dinoflagellates
affairs. They are helpful in making curd from milk, production  Due to the presence of main pigments, they are of different
of antibiotics, fixing nitrogen in legume roots, etc. colours.
 Some are pathogens causing damage to human beings, crops,  Cell wall: Stiff cellulose plates are present on outer surface.
farm animals and pets. Cholera, typhoid, tetanus, citrus canker Flagella: Two in number; one lies longitudinally and the

are well-known diseases caused by different bacteria. other transversely.

Maximise Your Marks

Heterocyst
Red dinoflagellates undergo such rapid multiplication that
Mucilagenous they make the sea appear red (red tides). Toxins released by
sheath such large numbers may even kill other marine animals such
as fishes.
Example: Gonyaulax

Euglenoids
 Cell wall is replaced by pellicle.
Fig.: A filamentous blue-green algae – Nostoc  Pellicle: Protein rich layer for body flexibility.
Mycoplasma  Flagella: Two, a short and a long one.
Smallest living Can survive  Interestingly, the pigments of euglenoids are identical to
cells known without oxygen those present in higher plants.
Mycoplasma Slime Moulds
Completely Pathogenic in
 In suitable condition, they form an aggregation called
plasmodium which may grow and spread over several feet.
lack a cell wall animals and plants
 In unfavourable condition, the plasmodium differentiates
and forms fruiting bodies bearing spores at their tips.
Kingdom Protista  Spores have true walls and are extremely resistant.
 Spores are dispersed by air currents.
Classification of Protista
Protozoans (Predators or parasites)
Protozoans
 All protozoans are heterotrophs and live as predators or
Dinoflagellates Slime Moulds parasites.
(Marine, Photosynthetic) (Saprophytic)  They are believed to be primitive relatives of animals. There
are four major groups of protozoans.
Euglenoids (a) Amoeboid Protozoans
Chrysophytes (Found in fresh and
(Found in fresh water (i) Locomotory organ is pseudopodia (one or two or
stagnant water; Photo- many).
as well as marine synthetic-in presence
water, photosynthetic) (ii) Their habitat is fresh water, sea water (marine) or
of light; Heterotrophic-
moist soil.
in absence of light)
(iii) Prey is captured by putting out pseudopodia (false
feet)
Protista (iv) Marine forms have silica shells on their surface.
E.g., Amoeba, Entamoeba (act as parasite)
Biological Classification 23

(b) Flagellated Protozoan

(i) Locomotory organ is flagella.
(ii) They are free living or parasitic, some are aquatic.
(iii) The parasitic forms cause diaseases such as sleeping
sickness. E.g., Trypanosoma, Leishmania, Giardia, etc. (c) (d)
(c) Cilliated Protozoan
(i) Locomotory organ is cilia and the co-ordinated Fig.: (a) Dinoflagellates (b) Euglena
movement of rows of cilia causes the water laden (c) Slime mould (d)
with food to be steered into the gullet.
(ii) They are aquatic, free living, parasitic and commensal. Maximise Your Marks
(iii) Food is captured by gullet with outer cystostome The most notorious sporozoan is Plasmodium (malarial
opening for food ingestion while cytopyge for egestion. parasite) which causes malaria, a disease which has a
staggering effect on human population.
Food digestion in food vacuole in free living forms.
E.g., Paramoecium
(d) Sporozoans
(i) Locomotory organ is absent in sporozoans.
Kingdom Fungi
(ii) They all are parasite, mostly intracellular parasite
Eg., Plasmodium, Monocystis.  With the exception of yeasts which are unicellular, fungi are
filamentous

 Their bodies consist of long, slender thread-like structures

called hyphae.

 The network of hyphae is known as mycelium.

 Dikaryophase of fungus: In ascomycetes and
basidiomycetes, an intervening dikaryotic stage (n + n,
i.e., two nuclei per cell) occurs; such a condition is called
(a) (b) a dikaryon and the phase is called dikaryophase of fungus.

Classes of Kingdom Fungi

Table: Different classes of Fungi and its characteristics

Ascomycetes Basidiomycetes Deuteromycetes

Characteristics Phycomycetes
(Sac-fungi) (Bracket fungi) (Imperfect fungi)
Found in aquatic Saprophytic, Grow in soil, on logs Mostly decomposers,
habitats, on decaying decomposers, parasitic or and tree stumps and in some are saprophytes or
Habitat wood in moist and damp coprophilous living plant bodies as parasites.
places or as obligate (growing on dung) parasites
parasites on plants

Mycelium Aseptate and coenocytic Branched and septate Branched and septate Branched and septate

Asexual: Zoospores Asexual: Sex organs are absent, Reproduce only by

(motile) or aplanospores Conidiophores- but plasmogamy asexual spores known as
(non-motile). conidia produced is brought about conidia.
These spores are exogenously on the special by fusion of two
Reproduction
endogenously produced mycelium vegetative or somatic
in sporangium. Sexual: Ascospores- cells of different
produced endogenously in strains or genotypes.
sac like asci
 24 Objective NCERT Punch – Biology

▪ Mucor: Grow on the ▪ Neurospora ▪ Agaricus ▪ Alternaria,

dung of cats and dogs E
 xtensively used for (mushroom) Colletotrichum and
▪ Rhizopus: Grows on biochemical and genetic ▪ Ustilago (smut) Trichoderma.
bread mould work ▪ Puccinia (rust ▪ Red rot of sugarcane
▪ Claviceps fungus) is caused by
▪ Albugo: They grow ▪ Poisonous Colletotrichum
as a parasitic fungi on  T
 he most powerful
Mushroom : Amanita falcatum
Examples mustard hallucinogen LSD is
▪ Cap mushroom ▪ Alternaria and
produced by Claviceps
(Coprinus): Used in Trichoderma are
purpurea and also cause
manufacturing ink. predatory fungus,
Ergot of rye.
▪ Bracket feed on living worms
Fungi(Fusarium): (Nematodes), i.e.,
grown on rotten Nematophagus Fungi.
wood.

Viruses
Head
Collar
Sheath

(a)
(b)

RNA Capsid Tail fibres

(a) (b)

Fig.: (a) Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) (b) Bacteriophage

(c) Maximise Your Marks

Fig.: Fungi: (a) Mucor (b) Aspergillus (c) Agaricus ▪ M.W. Beijerinek (1898) demonstrated that the extract of
the infected plants of tobacco could cause infection in
Economic Importance of Fungi healthy plants and called the fluid as Contagium vivum
 Some unicellular fungi, e.g., yeast are used to make bread fluidum (infectious living fluid).
and beer. ▪ W.M. Stanley (1935) proved crystallisation of viruses.
 Penicillium is a source of antibiotic
The common mushroom you eat is a fungi. Obligate
 parasites

Non-cellular Smaller than

Kingdom Plantae bacteria
organisms
 Kingdom Plantae includes all eukaryotic chlorophyll- Protein coat: A Nucleoprotein:
containing organisms commonly called plants. capsid (made up Contains proteins +
 Bladderwort and Venus fly trap are examples of insectivorous of capsomeres) infectious Genetic
plants and Cuscuta is a parasite. material (RNA/DNA)
Name means venom
or poisonous fluid; Human viral diseases:
Kingdom Animalia given by Dmitri AIDS, mumps, small
Ivanowsky (1892) pox, herpes, influenza
 The organisms of this kingdom follow a definite growth
pattern and grow into adults that have a definite shape and Viral symptoms in Characterised by
size. plants: mosaic formation, having an inert
leaf rolling and curling, crystalline structure
Viruses, Viroids, Pirions yellowing and vein outside the living cell
clearing, dwarfing &
and Lichens stunted growth
There are organisms which are not included in any of the five
kingdom classified by Whittaker. These are: Virus
1. Viruses 2. Viroids 3. Prions 4. Lichens
Biological Classification 25

Viroids  Disease caused by Prions: Bovine spongiform

Encephalopathy (BSE) commonly called as mad cow
 Discoverer – T.O. Diener (1971)
disease and Cr-Jacob disease (CJD) in humans.
 A new infectious agent that was smaller than viruses
Lichens
 They have only low molecular weight RNA, no protein coat.
 Lichens are symbiotic associations between algae and
 Potato spindle tuber disease is caused by potato spindle fungi.
tuber viroid. (i) Algal component (Phycobiont) – Autotrophic so it
prepare food for fungi
Prions (ii) Fungal component (Mycobiont) – Heterotrophic so it
provides shelter and absorb mineral nutrients and water
 An abnormally folded protein which transmits certain for algae.
infectious disease.
 Very good pollution indicators, as they do not grow in
 Their size is similar in size to viruses. polluted areas.

NCERT Line by Line Fill-UP and True & False

(Scan QR Code for Detailed Explanations) Scan Me

Classification System 15. Archaebacteria differ from other bacteria in having a different
_______ structure and this feature is responsible for their
1. First attempt to classify organism out of human’s needs is survival in extreme conditions.
scientific.  T/F
16. Methanogens are present in the gut of several _______
2. _______ was the earliest to attempt a more scientific basis such as cows and buffaloes and they are responsible for the
for classification. production of _______ from the dung of these animals.
3. Aristotle used simple _______ characters to classify plants 17. Archaebacteria are true bacteria.  T/F
into trees, shrubs and herbs. 18. The cyanobacteria (also referred to as blue-green algae)
4. Aristotle divided animals into two groups, those which had have _______ similar to green plants and are photosynthetic
autotrophs.
red blood (anaima) and those that did not (enaima). T/F
19. All prokaryotes can fix atmospheric nitrogen.  T/F
5. R.H. Whittaker (1969) proposed a _______ Kingdom
Classification. 20. Some of the microbes can fix atmospheric nitrogen in
specialised cells called _______.
6. The main criteria for classification used by R.H. Whittaker
21. Chemosynthetic autotrophic bacteria oxidise various organic
include cell structure, _______, mode of nutrition,
substances such as nitrates, nitrites and ammonia and use the
reproduction and _______. released energy for their ATP production. T/F
7. All prokaryotic organisms are found in kingdom _______. 22. Chemosynthetic autotrophs play a great role in recycling
8. The cell wall of fungi was made up of _______. nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, iron and sulphur. T/F
9. The cell wall of plants is made up of _______. 23. Bacteria reproduce mainly by multiple fission.  T/F
24. Sometimes, under unfavourable conditions, bacteria produce
Kingdom Monera _______.
10. _______ are the sole members of the Kingdom Monera. 25. Mycoplasma are called pleomorphic organisms as they
completely lack a _______.
11. Bacteria are the most abundant micro-organisms.  T/F
26. Mycoplasma are the smallest living cells known and can
12. All bacterium are extremophiles.  T/F
survive only with oxygen. T/F
13. Bacteria are grouped under four categories based on their
shape: the spherical _______, the rod-shaped _______, the Kingdom Protista
comma-shaped _______ and the spiral _______. 27. All single-celled eukaryotes are placed under _______.
14. Archaebacteria are special since they live in some of the 28. We study Chrysophytes, Dinoflagellates, _______, _______
harshest habitats such as extreme salty areas _______, hot and _______ under kingdom protista.
springs _______ and marshy areas _______. 29. Members of Protista are primarily terrestrial.  T/F
 26 Objective NCERT Punch – Biology

30. Protista forms a link with the other kingdoms that deals only 57. Most fungi are heterotrophic and absorb soluble organic
with plants and fungi.  T/F matter from dead substrates and hence are called_______.
31. Being eukaryotes, the protistan cell body contains a well 58. Reproduction in fungi can take place by vegetative means
defined nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. – fragmentation, fission and budding. T/F
 T/F
59. When a fungus reproduces sexually, two haploid hyphae of
32. Protists reproduce asexually and sexually by a process compatible mating types come together and fuse. T/F
involving cell furrow formation and zygote formation.T/F
60. The fungi form fruiting bodies in which equational division
33. Golden algae is also known as _______
occurs, leading to formation of haploid spores. T/F
34. In diatoms the cell membranes form two thin overlapping
61. Members of phycomycetes are found in aquatic habitats and
shells, which fit together as in a soap box. T/F
on decaying wood in dry and damp places or as obligate
35. The walls of diatoms are embedded with silica and thus the parasites on plants. T/F
walls are destructible. T/F
62. The mycelium of phycomycetes is _______ and _______.
36. _______ are the chief ‘producers’ in the oceans
63. In phycomycetes the zoospores are non-motile. T/F
37. Most of the dinoflagellates have two flagella; one lies
longitudinally and the other latitudinally furrow between 64. The asexual spores of phycomycetes are exogenously
the wall plates.  T/F produced on sporangium. T/F
38. The pigments of euglenoids are identical to those present in 65. If the gametes are similar in morphology they are known as
lower plants. T/F _______
39. Slime moulds are saprotrophic protists. T/F 66. If the gametes are dissimilar in morphology they are known
40. Under unsuitable conditions, slime moulds form an as _______
aggregation called plasmodium which may grow and spread 67. _______ is the bread mould.
over several feet. T/F
68. _______is the parasitic fungi on mustard.
41. Slime moulds’ spores are extremely resistant and survive for
many years, even under adverse conditions. T/F 69. Ascomycetes are commonly known as _______.
42. Protozoans are believed to be primitive relatives of _______. 70. In ascomycetes asci are arranged in different types of fruiting
bodies called _______
43. There are five major groups of protozoans. T/F
44. Amoeboid protozoans live in fresh water, sea water or dry 71. Many members of ascomycetes like _______ and _______
soil. T/F are edible and are considered delicacies.
45. False feet of amoeboid protozoans is known as _______ 72. The asexual spores are generally not found in basidiomycete,
but vegetative reproduction by _______is common.
46. Flagellated protozoans are only free-living. T/F
47. The free-living forms of flagellated protozoans cause 73. Karyogamy and meiosis take place in the basidium producing
diseases. T/F four _______

48. Sleeping sickness is causes by _______ 74. Once perfect (sexual) stages of members of deuteromycetes
were discovered they were often moved to ascomycetes and
49. Ciliated protozoans have a cavity (gullet) that opens to the
basidiomycetes.  T/F
outside of the cell wall. T/F
50. In Ciliated protozoans , the coordinated movement of rows 75. The deuteromycetes reproduce only by asexual spores known
of cilia causes the water laden with food to be steered into as _______
the gullet. T/F 76. In deuteromycetes the mycelium is _______ and _______
51. Plasmodium causes malaria.
Kingdom Plantae
Kingdom Fungi 77. Kingdom _______includes all eukaryotic chlorophyll-
52. The fungi constitute a unique kingdom of autotrophic containing organisms commonly called plants.
organisms. T/F 78. _______ and _______are examples of insectivorous plants
53. The common mushroom you eat and toadstools are also and
fungi. T/F
79. Plantae includes algae, bryophytes, pteridophytes,
54. White spots seen on _______ leaves are due to a parasitic gymnosperms and angiosperms.  T/F
fungus.
55. Fungi prefer to grow in cold and humid places. T/F Kingdom Animalia
56. With the exception of yeasts which are unicellular, fungi are 80. Animals digest their food in an internal cavity and store food
filamentous. T/F reserves as _______
Biological Classification 27

Viruses, Viroids, Prions and Lichens 86. In addition to proteins, viruses also contain genetic material,
that could only be RNA.  T/F
81. In the five kingdom classification of Whittaker there is no
87. In general, viruses that infect plants have double stranded
mention of lichens and some acellular organisms like viruses,
RNA.  T/F
viroids and prions.  T/F
88. The protein coat of virus is called _______made of small
82. The viruses are non-cellular organisms that are characterised subunits called_______, protects the nucleic acid.
by having an inert crystalline structure inside the living cell.
89. BSE stands for _______
 T/F
90. CJD stands for _______
83. _______ in _______ recognised certain microbes as causal
91. The algal component is known as _______ and fungal
organism of the mosaic disease of tobacco
component as _______
84. Contagium vivum fluidum means _______
92. In lichen _______ is autotrophic and _______ is
85. Viruses are inert outside their specific host cell. T/F heterotrophic.
 MCQs
NCERT Topic-wise MCQs

9. Which of the following classification systems is based

Classification on evolutionary relationships and includes the concept of
common ancestry?
1. Who divided the animals into 2 groups, those which had
red blood and those that did not? 1) Two kingdom system 2) Five kingdom system
1) Whittaker 2) T.O. Diener 3) Linnaean system 4) Domain system
3) Aristotle 4) W.M. Stanley
2. According to Whittaker, basis of classification is/are Kingdom Monera
1) Cell structure
10. Methanogens are present in the
2) Mode of reproduction
1) Mouth of cow
3) Phylogenetic relationship
2) Gut of cow
4) All of these
3) Respiratory system of cow
3. Which of the following was a limitation of the two kingdom
system of classification? 4) Ribs of a cow
1) It did not include microorganisms. 11. Cyanobacteria are
2) It did not differentiate between unicellular and 1) Photosynthetic prokaryotes
multicellular organisms. 2) Photosynthetic eukaryotes
3) It did not consider evolutionary relationships.
3) Heterotrophic prokaryotes
4) All of the above
4) Heterotrophic eukaryotes
4. Which of the following is not mentioned in Whittaker’s
classification? 12. Bacteria reproduces by
1) Virus 2) Viroids 1) Fission

3) Lichens 4) All of these 2) Asexual reproduction (spore formation)

5. Which of the following classification systems introduced 3) Sexual reproduction (DNA transfer)
additional kingdoms to address the limitations of the two 4) All of the above
kingdom system?
13. Which of the following are found in harsh habitat?
1) Two kingdom system 2) Five kingdom system
1) Eubacteria 2) Cyanobacteria
3) Linnaean system 4) None of the above
3) Archaebacteria 4) None of these
6. Two Kingdom system of classification was developed by:
14. Bacteria found in hot springs are
1) Aristotle 2) Linnaeus
1) Halophiles 2) Methanogens
3) Theophrastus 4) [Link]
3) Thermoacidophiles 4) None of these
7. Which of the following statements accurately describes the
limitations of the earlier classification system that grouped 15. Which of the pigment present in cyanobacteria?
organisms solely based on the presence of a cell wall? 1) Chlorophyll a 2) Chlorophyll b
1) It failed to differentiate between prokaryotic and 3) Chlorophyll c 4) Xanthophylls
eukaryotic organisms.
16. Colonies of Eubacteria are surrounded by
2) It did not consider variations in cell wall composition.
1) Polysaccharide sheath 2) Gelatinous sheath
3) It grouped together unicellular and multicellular organisms.
3) Mucous sheath 4) None of these
4) All of the above.
8. Whittaker is famous for: 17. Which bacteria are most abundant in nature?
1) Two kingdom classification 1) Archaebacteria
2) Four kingdom classification 2) Photosynthetic autotrophic bacteria
3) Five kingdom classification 3) Chemosynthetic autotrophic bacteria
4) Distinguishing in Bacteria & blue green Algae 4) Heterotrophic bacteria
Biological Classification 29

18. Rod-shaped bacterium is called 29. Specialized cells for fixing atmospheric nitrogen in Nostoc
1) Bacillus 2) Coccus and Anabaena are
3) Vibrium 4) Spirillum 1) Nodules 2) Conidiospores
3) Heterocyst 4) Auxospores
19. Majority of heterotrophic bacteria are
1) Saprophytes 2) Methanogens
30. Currently bacteria are included in kingdom:
1) Thallophyta 2) Monera
3) Either (1) or (2) 4) Decomposers
3) Fungi 4) Protista
20. Sole member of kingdom monera are
31. During unfavourable conditions, bacteria produce
1) Bacteria 2) Fungi
1) Spores 2) Pigments
3) Blue green algae 4) Eubacteria
3) Flagella 4) Plasmodium
21. Which bacteria oxidise various inorganic substances such
as nitrates, nitrites and ammonia and use the released 32. Which of the following shows extensive metabolic
diversity?
energy for their ATP production?
1) Humans 2) Fungi
1) Archaebacteria
3) Snakes 4) Bacteria
2) Photosynthetic autotrophs
3) Chemosynthetic autotrophs 33. The organisms that completely lack a cell wall:
4) Heterotrophs 1) Mycoplasma 2) Euglena
3) Paramoecium 4) None of these
22. Which types of bacteria play a great role in recycling
nutrients? 34. Which of the following is not the characteristics of Monera?
1) Archaebacteria 1) Some are autotrophic in nature
2) Photosynthetic autotrophic bacteria 2) Vacuoles are absent in cytoplasm
3) Chemosynthetic autotrophic bacteria 3) They are ubiquitous
4) Heterotrophic bacteria 4) Reproduction is mainly through sexual reproduction
23. Bacteria whose cell has only a curve/comma is 35. Archaebacteria can survive in extreme conditions because
1) Vibrio 2) Cocci of the
3) Spirilla 4) Bacilli 1) Complex metabolic reactions in their body
2) Fact that they are the oldest life forms on the earth
24. Cyanobacteria are called blue green algae because
3) Complex cell wall structure
1) They do not produce gametes
4) Double membrane nucleus
2) They are not green
36. Which of the following are characterised by the presence of
3) They have chlorophyll pigment
a rigid cell wall?
4) They are as small as bacteria
1) Archaebacteria 2) Eubacteria
25. The conditions which would be favoured by
3) Mycoplasma 4) None of these
thermoacidophiles are
37. The smallest organisms which cause diseases among plants
1) Hot and alkaline 2) Snow and acidic
are:
3) Hot and sulphur spring 4) Gut of cows
1) Mycoplasma 2) Fungi
26. Most abundant microorganisms are 3) Bacteria 4) Viruses
1) Fungi 2) Bacteria 38. Heterocysts, specialised for nitrogen fixation, occur in
3) Virus 4) Cyanobacteria certain
27. Which of the following are caused by bacteria? 1) Red algae (Batrachospermum)
1) Cholera 2) Typhoid 2) Green algae (Spirogyra)
3) Tetanus 4) All of these 3) Blue-green algae (Anabaena)
4) Brown algae (Laminaria)
28. Which bacteria would function best in higher temperatures
(45-60°C)? 39. Which of the following statements accurately describes the
metabolic diversity of bacteria?
1) Psychrophiles
1) Bacteria are exclusively autotrophic, synthesizing their
2) Thermoacidophiles
own food from inorganic substrates.
3) Mesophiles
2) Bacteria are primarily photosynthetic autotrophs,
4) All would do equally well relying on sunlight for food production.
30 Objective NCERT Punch – Biology

3) Bacteria exhibit extensive metabolic diversity, including 50. The most notorious sporozoan, Plasmodium, is responsible
both autotrophic and heterotrophic modes of nutrition. for causing
4) Bacteria are mainly heterotrophs, obtaining their food 1) Malaria 2) Tetanus
solely from other organisms. 3) Citrus canker 4) Cholera
40. Name the organisms which do not derive energy directly or 51. The cell walls form two thin overlapping shells which fit
indirectly from sun together as a soap box in case of
1) Chemosynthetic bacteria 1) Euglenoids 2) Dinoflagellates
2) Pathogenic bacteria 3) Slime moulds 4) Chrysophytes
3) Symbiotic bacteria 52. What is red tide?
4) Mould. 1) Accumulation of cell wall deposits of red algae is called
red tide
2) Accumulation of red blood cells in water
Kingdom Protista 3) Colouration of water due to rapid multiplication of red
dinoflagellates
41. Chief producers in oceans are
4) Spread of chrysophytes due to rapid reproduction
1) Diatoms 2) Desmids
53. Unlike other algae, diatoms do not readily decay due to
3) Archaebacteria 4) All of these
1) Siliceous wall 2) Mucilaginous wall
42. Red tides are caused by 3) Water proof cell wall 4) Non-living cells
1) Red algae 2) Dinoflagellates
54. Diatoms belongs to
3) Slime moulds 4) Chrysophytes
1) Dinoflagellates 2) Chrysophytes
43. Most of them have two flagella; one lies longitudinally and 3) Protozoans 4) Euglenoids
the other transversely in a furrow between the wall plates.
55. In which of the following kingdoms some members have
Here we are talking about
cell wall and some are without cell wall?
1) Euglenoids 2) Paramoecium
1) Fungi 2) Protista
3) Gonyaulax 4) Golden brown algae
3) Plantae 4) Animalia
44. Diatomaceous earth is the deposition of cell wall in their 56. During unfavourable conditions, slime moulds
habitat by diatoms takes over
1) Form fruiting bodies bearing spores at their tips
1) Millions of years 2) Billions of years
2) Form an aggregation called plasmodium
3) Trillions of years 4) Thousands of years
3) Form an aggregation called pseudoplasmodium
45. The spores of slime mould are dispersed by 4) Both (1) and (2) are correct
1) Air currents 2) Water currents
57. Which one of the following is a characteristic feature of
3) Insects 4) Both (1) and (2) Chrysophytes?
46. Protists include 1) They are parasitic forms which cause disease in animals
1) Bacteria, fungi, algae and Bryophyta 2) They have a protein rich layer called pellicle
2) Chrysophytes, euglenoids and dinoflagellates 3) They are commonly called diatoms
3) Vascular plants, slime moulds, and fungi 4) They are saprophytic protists
4) Bacteria, algae, protozoa, and bryophyta 58. Which of the following organisms were never included in
47. Which organism behaves like plants in the presence of protista?
light and absence of organic food, but in reverse conditions 1) Bacteria 2) Red algae
behaves like animals? 3) Slime moulds 4) Mosses
1) Archaebacteria 2) Euglena
59. Cell wall of diatoms are composed with
3) Nostoc 4) Paramecium
1) Cellulose 2) Chitin
48. Pick the wrong statement. 3) Silica 4) Peptidoglycan
1) Diatoms are primarily produced in the oceans
60. Decomposer protists are
2) Diatoms are microscopic and float passively in water
1) Sarcodines 2) Dinoflagellates
3) Walls of diatoms are destructible easily
4) Diatomaceous earth is formed by the cell walls of 3) Slime moulds 4) Diatoms
diatoms 61. Which of the following characteristics accurately describes
49. Euglena belongs to which of the following kingdom? the kingdom Protista?
1) Monera 2) Protista 1) Prokaryotic cell structure and heterotrophic nutrition.
3) Plantae 4) Animalia 2) Eukaryotic cell structure and autotrophic nutrition.
Biological Classification 31

3) Prokaryotic cell structure and photosynthetic nutrition. 72. Penicillium belong to the class
4) Eukaryotic cell structure and both autotrophic and 1) Phycomycetes 2) Ascomycetes
heterotrophic nutrition. 3) Basidiomycetes 4) Deuteromycetes
62. Which of the following organisms would likely be classified 73. Cell wall of fungi is made up of:
under the kingdom Protista?
1) Cellulose 2) Pectin
1) Mushroom 2) Sunflower
3) Chitin 4) Both (1) and (2)
3) Amoeba 4) Lizard
74. An edible fungus is
63. A protein rich layer which makes the body of euglenoids
flexible is called 1) Aspergillus 2) Polyporus

1) Pellicle 2) Murein 3) Ustilago 4) Morels

3) Cellulose plates 4) Pseudopodia 75. Fungi imperfecti (deuteromycetes) lack

64. During unfavourable conditions, the plasmodium 1) Spores 2) Sexual reproduction
differentiates to form fruiting bodies bearing spores at their 3) Asexual reproduction 4) Hyphae
tips. This group is
76. Truffles are the member of class:
1) Chrysophytes 2) Dinoflagellates
1) Basidiomycetes 2) Ascomycetes
3) Slime moulds 4) Protozoans
3) Deuteromycetes 4) Phycomycetes
65. The photosynthetic protists are
77. Bracket fungi (Polyporus) belongs to the class
1) Diatoms, Euglenoids and slime moulds
1) Phycomycetes 2) Ascomycetes
2) Sarcodines, Dinoflagellates and Diatoms
3) Basidiomycetes 4) Deuteromycetes
3) Euglenoids, Diatoms and Dinoflagellates
4) Ciliates, Zooflagellates and Dinoflagellates
78. Fruiting body formation during sexual reproduction is
observed in
66. Protista contains
1) Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes
1) Euglena, Dinoflagellates and Yeast
2) Phycomycetes and Basidiomycetes
2) Amoeba, Paramoecium, Hydra
3) Ascomycetes and Phycomycetes
3) Euglena, Paramoecium, Mushroom
4) Phycomycetes and Zygomycetes
4) Amoeba, Paramoecium and Dinoflagellates
79. Which characteristic placed the fungi in a separate
67. The marine organisms responsible for killing fishes kingdom?
by producing toxins belongs to which of the following
kingdom of Whittaker? 1) Cell wall composition

1) Fungi 2) Animalia 2) Cell wall structure

3) Monera 4) Protista 3) Nutrition

68. What is not true of Euglena? 4) Nuclear membrane

1) Presence of cellulosic cell wall 80. Which of the following is asexual spore in fungi
2) Presence of proteinaceous pellicle 1) Ascospores 2) Basidiospores
3) Presence of chlorophyll 3) Zygospores 4) Conidia
4) Presence of flagellum 81. Which of the following characteristics is unique to fungi?
1) Photosynthetic mode of nutrition.
Kingdom Fungi 2) Presence of a cell wall composed of chitin.
3) Multicellular organization with specialized tissues.
69. Coenocytic hyphae is found in 4) Prokaryotic cell structure.
1) Rhizopus 2) Mucor
82. Which of the following does not belong to class
3) Albugo 4) All of these basidiomycetes?
70. The members of which of the following are litter (i) Agaricus (ii) Trichoderma
decomposers? (iii) Puccinia (iv) Saccharomyces
1) Deuteromycetes 2) Ascomycetes (v) Ustilago
3) Basidiomycetes 4) Phycomycetes 1) (i) and (ii) only
71. Fungi differ from algae in being mostly 2) (ii) and (iii) only
1) Heterotrophic 2) Autotrophic 3) (ii) and (iv) only
3) Parasitic 4) Epiphytic 4) (ii), (iii) and (iv) only
32 Objective NCERT Punch – Biology

3) Either facultative or obligative

Kingdom Plantae and Animalia
4) None of these
83. What is the major difference between plant cell and an 93. Those viruses that infect plants have which type of genetic
animal cell? material?
1) Cell wall 1) Single stranded DNA 2) Single stranded RNA
2) Cell membrane 3) Double stranded RNA 4) Double stranded DNA
3) Eukaryotic nature of cells 94. Viruses that infect animals have which type of genetic
4) Genetic material material?
1) Either single or double stranded RNA
84. The phenomenon of alternation of generation is found in
2) Either single/double stranded RNA or double stranded
1) Kingdom Fungi 2) Kingdom Plantae
DNA.
3) Kingdom Animalia 4) Kingdom Protista
3) Single stranded DNA
85. Life cycle of plants has two distinct phases namely
4) None of these
1) Diploid sporophytic and haploid gametophytic phase
95. Genetic material of bacteriophage:
2) Diploid sporophytic and diploid gametophytic
1) Double stranded DNA 2) Single stranded RNA
3) Diploid sporophytic and haploid gametophytic
3) Double stranded RNA 4) Single stranded DNA
4) Haploid sporophytic and haploid gametophytic
96. Viroid was discovered by:
86. Which of the following are examples of insectivorous
1) Ernst Mayr 2) Norman E. Borlaug
plants?
3) T. O. Diener 4) None of these
1) Bladderwort 2) Venus fly trap
3) Both (1) and (2) 4) Cuscuta 97. Which among the following is odd?
1) Mumps
87. Kingdom Animalia is characterized by
2) Small pox
1) Unicellular, prokaryotic and autotrophic
3) Influenza
2) Multicellular, eukaryotic and heterotrophic
4) Potato spindle tuber disease
3) Multicellular, prokaryotic and saprophytic
4) Unicellular, eukaryotic and heterotrophic 98. The fungal portion in Lichens is known as _______.
1) Mycobiont 2) Phycobiont
88. Which of the following is true for Kingdom Animalia?
3) Capsobiont 4) Deuterobiont
1) Cell wall is present in animal cell.
2) Their mode of nutrition is holozoic. 99. Protein coat of virus is called.
3) They do not follow a definite growth pattern. 1) Envelope 2) Capsid
3) Peplos 4) Cell wall
4) All of them are capable of locomotion.
100. In TMV, capsomeres are arranged in
Virus, Viroids and Lichens 1) Cubic manner 2) Helical manner

89. In plants, mosaic formation, leaf rolling and curling, 3) Binal manner 4) Both (1) & (2)
yellowing of plant parts, vein clearing, dwarfing and 101. Who crystallized and isolated viruses for the first time?
stunted growth, necrosis, etc., are the symptoms of 1) WM Stanley 2) KM Smith
1) Bacterial diseases 2) Mycoplasmal diseases 3) D Ivanowsky 4) FC Bawden
3) Viral diseases 4) Fungal diseases
102. Viruses are essentially made up of
90. Viruses that infect bacterium are known as 1) Proteins and nucleic acids
1) Bacteriophages 2) Viral bacterium 2) Starch and carbohydrates
3) Bacteiocapsid 4) Bacteriomycin 3) Proteins and lipids
91. Virus could be crystallized and crystals consist largely of 4) Starch, proteins and carbohydrates
proteins. This was shown by
103. Lichens are indicators of pollution because
1) W. M. Stanley 2) M. W. Stanley
1) They grow in oxygen depleted regions
3) W. M. John 4) None of these
2) They don’t grow in polluted regions
92. Viruses are:
3) They grow in polluted regions
1) Obligative parasite
4) Their growth indicates that the region has very high
2) Facultative carbon levels
Biological Classification 33

104. Viroids differ from viruses in being 108. Who prepare food in lichens?
1) Naked RNA molecules only 1) Mycobiont 2) Fungi
2) Naked DNA molecules only 3) Phycobiont 4) All of the above
3) Naked DNA packaged with viral genomes 109. Who called the fluid as Contagium vivum fluidum
4) Satellite RNA packaged with viral genome (infectious living fluid)?
1) W.M. Stanley 2) M.W. Beijerinek
105. Which of the following are neither prokaryotes nor
eukaryotes among the given list of organisms? 3) Dmitri Ivanowsky 4) [Link]
(a) Virus 110. Potato Spindle Tuber disease is caused due to:
(b) Bacteria 1) Viroid 2) Virus
(c) Cyanobacteria 3) Bacterium 4) Nematode
(d) Yeast 111. T.O. Diener discovered a/an
1) (a) only 2) (a) & (c) 1) Free infectious DNA 2) Infectious protein
3) (a) & (d) 4) (a), (c) & (d) 3) Bacteriophage 4) Free infectious RNA
106. Which of the following statements accurately describes 112. The most notable disease (s) caused by prions is/are
prions? 1) Bovine spongiform encephalopathy
1) Prions are infectious agents composed of nucleic acids. 2) Mad cow disease in cattle
2) Prions are misfolded proteins that can induce misfolding 3) Cr–Jacob disease (CJD) in humans
in normal proteins. 4) All of these
3) Prions are bacteria-like microorganisms that cause 113. There exists a close relationship between alga and fungus
diseases. within a lichen. The fungus
4) Prions are small parasitic worms found in the digestive 1) Provides protection, anchorage and absorption for the
tracts of animals. algae
107. Which of the following are called acellular organisms? 2) Provides food for alga
1) Viruses and viroids 2) Viroids and lichens 3) Releases oxygen for the alga
3) Lichens and viruses 4) Viruses, viroids and prions 4) Fixes the atmospheric nitrogen for the alga.

Matching Type MCQs

1. Match the columns and find out the correct combination:
1) (a)-(iii) (b)-(i) (c)-(ii)
Column-I Column-II
2) (a)-(iii) (b)-(ii) (c)-(i)
(a) Phycomycetes (i) Fungi imperfecti
3) (a)-(ii) (b)-(i) (c)-(iii)
(b) Ascomycetes (ii) Bracket fungi
4) (a)-(ii) (b)-(iii) (c)-(i)
(c) Basidiomycetes (iii) Algal fungi
(d) Deuteromycetes (iv) Sac fungi 3. Match the columns and find out the correct combination:

1) (a)-(iii) (b)-(iv) (c)-(i) (d)-(ii) Column-I Column-II

2) (a)-(iii) (b)-(iv) (c)-(ii) (d)-(i) (a) Viroid (i) Nucleoprotein
3) (a)-(i) (b)-(ii) (c)-(iii) (d)-(iv)
(b) Virus (ii) Infectious protein
4) (a)-(i) (b)-(iv) (c)-(ii) (d)-(iii)
2. Match the columns and choose the right option. (c) Prion (iii) Infectious nucleic acid

Column-I Column-II
(a) Amoeba (i) Has flagella for locomotion 1) (a)-(ii) (b)-(iii) (c)-(i)

(b) Paramoecium (ii) Moves with help of cilia 2) (a)-(ii) (b)-(i) (c)-(iii)

(c) Trypanosoma (iii) Forms pseudopodia for 3) (a)-(iii) (b)-(i) (c)-(ii)

locomotion 4) (a)-(i) (b)-(ii) (c)-(iii)
34 Objective NCERT Punch – Biology

4. Match the columns and find out the correct combination: 8. Match the column-I w.r.t. to the nature of cell wall in
column-II.
Column-I Column-II
(a) Antibiotics (i) Plasmodium Column-I Column-II
(a) Monera (i) Chitinase
(b) Malaria (ii) Puccinia
(b) Fungi (ii) No cell wall
(c) Rust fungus (iii) Colletotrichum
(c) Plantae (iii) Non cellulosic cell wall
(d) Sleeping sickness (iv) Penicillium
(d) Animalia (iv) Cellulosic cell wall
(v) Trypanosoma
1) (a)-(iv) (b)-(iii) (c)-(i) (d)-(ii)
1) (a)-(iv) (b)-(iii) (c)-(i) (d)-(ii) 2) (a)-(ii) (b)-(i) (c)-(iii) (d)-(iv)
2) (a)-(iv) (b)-(iii) (c)-(ii) (d)-(i) 3) (a)-(iii) (b)-(iv) (c)-(ii) (d)-(i)
3) (a)-(iv) (b)-(i) (c)-(ii) (d)-(v) 4) (a)-(iii) (b)-(i) (c)-(iv) (d)-(ii)
4) (a)-(iii) (b)-(v) (c)-(ii) (d)-(iv)
9. Match the columns and choose the appropriate option.
5. Match the columns and find out the correct combination:
Column-I Column-II
Column-I Column-II
(a) Coccus (i) Spherical
(a) Binary fission (i) Bacteria
(b) Bacillus (ii) Spiral
(b) Budding (ii) Yeast
(c) Vibrium (iii) Rod
(c) Basidiospores (iii) Phycomycetes (d) Spirillum (iv) Comma
(d) Aplanospores (iv) Basidiomycetes
1) (a)-(ii) (b)-(iii) (c)-(i) (d)-(iv)
1) (a)-(i) (b)-(ii) (c)-(iv) (d)-(iii) 2) (a)-(ii) (b)-(i) (c)-(iii) (d)-(iv)
2) (a)-(iv) (b)-(ii) (c)-(i) (d)-(iii) 3) (a)-(i) (b)-(iii) (c)-(iv) (d)-(ii)
3) (a)-(i) (b)-(iv) (c)-(ii) (d)-(iii) 4) (a)-(iii) (b)-(ii) (c)-(i) (d)-(iv)
4) (a)-(iv) (b)-(i) (c)-(ii) (d)-(iii) 10. Match the columns and find out the correct combination:
6. Match the columns and choose the right option. Column-I Column-II
Column-I Column-II (a) Desmids (i) Dinoflagellates
(a) Claviceps (i) Deuteromycetes (b) Gonyaulax (ii) Chrysophytes
(b) Puccinia (ii) Ascomycetes (c) Euglena (iii) Euglenoids
(c) Trichoderma (iii) Basidiomycetes (d) Plasmodium (iv) Protozoa

1) (a)-(iii) (b)-(i) (c)-(ii)

1) (a)-(i) (b)-(iii) (c)-(iv) (d)-(ii)
2) (a)-(ii) (b)-(iii) (c)-(i)
2) (a)-(ii) (b)-(iii) (c)-(i) (d)-(iv)
3) (a)-(i) (b)-(iii) (c)-(ii)
3) (a)-(iii) (b)-(ii) (c)-(i) (d)-(iv)
4) (a)-(ii) (b)-(i) (c)-(iii)
4) (a)-(ii) (b)-(i) (c)-(iii) (d)-(iv)
7. Match the columns and find correct options
Column-I Column-II 11. Match the following protozoans with their correct group.

(a) Saprophytic protists (i) Trypanosoma Column-I Column-II

(b) Golden algae (ii) Plasmodium (a) Entamoeba (i) Amoeboid

(c) Malarial parasite (iii) Desmids (b) Trypanosoma (ii) Ciliated

(d) Sleeping sickness (iv) Slime moulds (c) Paramoecium (iii) Flagellated

1) (a)-(i) (b)-(ii) (c)-(iii) (d)-(iv) 1) (a)-(ii) (b)-(iii) (c)-(i)

2) (a)-(ii) (b)-(iii) (c)-(iv) (d)-(i) 2) (a)-(i) (b)-(ii) (c)-(iii)
3) (a)-(iv) (b)-(iii) (c)-(ii) (d)-(i) 3) (a)-(i) (b)-(iii) (c)-(ii)
4) (a)-(iii) (b)-(iv) (c)-(ii) (d)-(i) 4) (a)-(iii) (b)-(i) (c)-(ii)
Biological Classification 35

12. Match the columns and find out the correct combination: 1) (a)-(ii) (b)-(iii) (c)-(i) (d)-(iv)
Column-I Column-II 2) (a)-(ii) (b)-(i) (c)-(iii) (d)-(iv)
(a) Puccinia (i) Rust fungus 3) (a)-(i) (b)-(iii) (c)-(iv) (d)-(ii)
(b) Penicillium (ii) Mustard parasite 4) (a)-(iii) (b)-(ii) (c)-(i) (d)-(iv)
(c) Rhizopus (iii) Antibiotics
16. Find the mis-match pair.
(d) Albugo (iv) Bread mould
1) Genetic material of virus that infect plant– Double
stranded RNA
1) (a)-(i) (b)-(iii) (c)-(iv) (d)-(ii)
2) Genetic material of virus that infect animals– Double
2) (a)-(ii) (b)-(iii) (c)-(i) (d)-(iv) stranded/Single stranded RNA
3) (a)-(iii) (b)-(ii) (c)-(i) (d)-(iv) 3) Genetic material of viroids– Single stranded RNA
4) (a)-(ii) (b)-(i) (c)-(iii) (d)-(iv) 4) Genetic material of virus that infect bacteria– Double
stranded DNA
13. Match the columns and find out the correct combination: 17. Find the mis-match pair.
Column-I Column-II 1) Phycomycetes– Albugo
(i) Saccharomyces 2) Deuteromycetes– Trichoderma
(a) Phycomycetes
(ii) Claviceps 3) Ascomycetes– Agaricus
(iii) Albugo 4) Basidiomycetes– Puccinia
(b) Ascomycetes 18. Find the mis-match pair.
(iv) Mucor
(v) Colletotrichum 1) Mycoplasma– Obligate Aerobe
(c) Basidiomycetes 2) Archaebacteria– Obligate Anaerobe
(vi) Alternaria
(vii) Puccinia 3) Cyanobacteria– Facultative aerobe
(d) Deuteromycetes 4) Virus– Obligate Parasite
(viii) Ustilago
19. Find the mis-match pair.
1) (a)-(i), (ii) (b)-(iii), (iv) (c)-(v), (vi) (d)-(vii), (viii) 1) Phycomycetes– Endogenous Asexual and Sexual spore
2) (a)-(iii), (iv) (b)-(i), (ii) (c)-(vii), (viii) (d)-(v), (vi) 2) Deuteromycetes– Exogenous asexual spores but sexual
3) (a)-(iii), (iv) (b)-(vii), (viii) (c)-(v), (vi) (d)-(i), (ii) spores are absent
4) (a)-(vii), (viii) (b)-(iii),(vi) (c)-(i), (ii) (d)-(v), (vi) 3) Ascomycetes– Exogenous asexual spores and
14. Match the following accordingly. Endogenous sexual spores
4) Basidiomycetes– Exogenous Asexual and Sexual
Column-I Column-II spores
(a) Fungus used for genetic work (i) Ustilago 20. Find the mis-match pair.
(b) Fungus used for delicacies (ii) Truffles
1) Mycoplasma– Obligate Aerobe
(c) Smut fungus (iii) Neurospora
2) Archaebacteria– Obligate Anaerobe
(d) Rust fungus (iv) Puccinia
3) Cyanobacteria– Facultative aerobe
1) (a)-(i) (b)-(iii) (c)-(iv) (d)-(ii) 4) Virus– Obligate Parasite
2) (a)-(ii) (b)-(iii) (c)-(i) (d)-(iv) 21. Find the mis-match pair.
3) (a)-(iii) (b)-(ii) (c)-(i) (d)-(iv) 1) Prions– consists of abnormally folded nucleoprotein
4) (a)-(ii) (b)-(i) (c)-(iii) (d)-(iv) 2) Slime molds– spore possess true walls
15. Match the columns and find out the correct combination: 3) Pellicle– proteinaceous
Column-I Column-II 4) Bacteria– produce spores in unfavorable conditions
22. Find the mis-match pair.
(a) Free RNA (i) Tobacco mosaic disease
1) T.O. Diener– Viroids are found to be free DNA
(b) Mad cow disease (ii) Viroids
2) W.M. Stanley– Crystallised proteins
(c) Dmitri Ivanowsky (iii) Prions
3) M.W. Beijerinek– Contagium vivum fluidum
(d) Crystallisation of (iv) W.M. Stanley 4) D.J. Ivanowsky– Microbes smaller than bacteria cause
virus mosaic disease of tobacco
36 Objective NCERT Punch – Biology

Correct & Incorrect MCQs

1. (a) Unicellular protists found in fresh water. 1) (a), (b) and (c) 2) (a) and (d)
(b) Possess a protein rich outer layer called pellicle 3) (a), (c) and (d) 4) (b), (c) and (d)
(c) Have two flagella 7. Which of the following statement is incorrect?
(d) Possess pigments identical to those in higher plants. 1) Viruses are not included in any system of classification.
These characteristics apply to genus 2) Cyanobacteria lacks chlorophyll.
1) Alternaria 2) Nostoc
3) Euglenoids have pellicle which makes their body
3) Chlorella 4) Euglena flexible.
2. Read the following statements (a-d) and select the incorrect 4) Phycomycetes are generally called algal fungi.
ones.
8. Choose an incorrect statement among the following:
(a) Though the bacterial cell structure is very simple, they
are very complex in behaviour. 1) Deuteromycetes are known as imperfect fungi.
(b) Chrysophytes include diatoms, desmids and 2) Classification system have undergone several changes
dinoflagellates. over a period of time.
(c) Slime moulds, during suitable conditions, forms 3) Protozoans as a group show most extensive metabolic
fruiting bodies. diversity.
(d) Lichens are symbiotic associations between two 4) Phylogenetic classification reflects the evolutionary
different organisms relationships of organisms.
1) (a) & (b) 2) (c) & (d)
9. Select the correct statement:
3) (a) & (d) 4) (b) & (c)
1) Chemosynthetic autotrophic bacteria oxidize various
3. Identify the correct statements from the following. organic substances to obtain energy.
(a) All monerans show non-cellulosic cell walls.
2) In deuteromycetes, sexual stage has not been observed.
(b) All protistans show true nucleus.
3) Euglenoids cannot perform photosynthesis.
(c) All fungi are plants with cellulosic cell walls.
4) Diatoms differentiate and form fruiting body during
(d) All protists are autotrophic and all monerans are
unfavourable conditions in which spores remain filled.
heterotrophic.
1) (a) & (b) 2) (b) & (d) 10. Correct statements are
3) (b) & (c) 4) (a) & (d) (a) Heterocysts are specialized cells of blue-green algae
for nitrogen fixation.
4. Identify true statements about archaebacteria.
(a) They can live in harsh habitats. (b) Lichens are symbiotic associations between algae and
fungi.
(b) Cell walls do not contain peptidoglycan.
(c) No virus contains both RNA and DNA.
(c) Cell membrane contains branched chain lipids.
(d) Some of them are capable of producing biogas. 1) (a), (b) 2) (b), (c)
1) (a) & (b) only 2) (a), (b) & (c) only 3) (a), (c) 4) (a), (b), (c)
3) (b) & (c) only 4) All of these 11. Incorrect statement is/are
5. Select the incorrect statements from the following: 1) Viroid lack the protein coat that is found in viruses.
1) In Phycomycetes, asexual spores are produced 2) Lichens are symbiotic associations between bacteria
endogenously and fungi.
2) In Ascomycetes, asexual spores are produced 3) All animals are heterotrophic.
exogenously
3) In Ascomycetes, sexual spores are produced 4) Deuteromycetes helps in mineral cycling.
endogenously 12. Which of the following statements are incorrect?
4) In Basidiomycetes, asexual spores are produced
(a) Mycoplasmas are pleomorphic.
exogenously
(b) Some eubacteria are motile.
6. Which of the following statements are correct?
(a) Cell wall of dinoflagellates is chiefly composed of (c) Walls of diatoms are embedded with calcium carbonate.
cellulose impregnated with glass- like silica. (d) Diatoms have a protein rich layer called pellicle instead
(b) Mushrooms are not regarded as plants now. of cell wall.
(c) Viruses are regarded as non-living particles. 1) (a) and (b) 2) (c) and (d)
(d) Diatoms are called ‘pearls of ocean’ 3) (a) and (c) 4) (b) and (c)
Biological Classification 37

13. How many statements are correct? 16. Chrysophytes include golden algae and are photosynthetic,
(a) Slime moulds are saprophytic protists. while slime moulds are classified as autotrophs.
(b) Yeasts are unicellular fungi. Choose the correct answer from the following:
(c) In animals, the mode of nutrition is holozoic. 1) The statement is true for Chrysophytes but false for
(d) Fungi prefer to grow in warm and humid places. slime moulds
1) One 2) Three 2) The statement is true for both Chrysophytes and slime
moulds
3) Two 4) Four
3) The statement is false for Chrysophytes but true for
14. How many statements are incorrect?
slime moulds
(a) Lichens are very good pollution indicators.
4) The statement is false for both Chrysophytes and slime
(b) Viruses are smaller than bacteria. moulds
(c) Yeasts are unicellular fungi.
17. Mycelium of Basidiomycetes is septate and branched, while
(d) We keep food in the refrigerator to keep it free from Phycomycetes have aseptate and coenocytic mycelium.
fungus.
Choose the correct answer from the following:
1) Two 2) One
1) The statement is true for Basidiomycetes but false for
3) Three 4) Four Phycomycetes
15. Choose correct statement among the following: 2) The statement is true for both Basidiomycetes and
1) Plants show alternation of generation. Phycomycetes
2) Euglenoids release toxins in large amounts which is 3) The statement is false for Basidiomycetes but true for
harmful. Phycomycetes
3) Mycoplasmas contains a cell wall. 4) The statement is false for both Basidiomycetes and
4) Protozoa are the sole members of the Kingdom Monera. Phycomycetes

Statement Based MCQs

Statement-II: When a fungus reproduces sexually, two
Directions: These questions consist of two statements each,
haploid hyphae of compatible mating types come together
printed as Statement-I and Statement-II. While answering
these questions, you are required to choose any one of the and fuse.
following four responses. 5. Statement-I: Kingdom Animalia directly or indirectly
depend on plants for food.
1) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct.
Statement-II: Kingdom Plantae includes all eukaryotic
2) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are incorrect.
chlorophyll-containing organisms.
3) Statement-I is correct & Statement-II is incorrect. 6. Statement-I: Viruses are regarded as living particles.
4) Statement-I is incorrect & Statement-II is correct. Statement-II: Virus has enzyme activity away from its host.
7. Cyanobacteria are unique microscopic organisms known
1. Statement-I: Archaebacteria differ from other bacteria in for their photosynthetic abilities and ecological significance
having a different cell wall structure. in aquatic habitats.
Statement-II: Methanogens are present in the gut of Statement-I: Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic blue-green
several ruminant animals. algae.
Statement-II: Cyanobacteria have chlorophyll a similar to
2. Statement-I: Chrysophytes, Dinoflagellates, Euglenoids,
eukaryotes.
Slime moulds and Protozoans comes under kingdom fungi.
8. Statement-I: Deuteromycetes are known as perfect fungi.
Statement-II: The walls of diatoms are embedded with Statement-II: In Deuteromycetes, sexual stage has been
silica and thus the walls are indestructible. observed.
3. Statement-I: Sporozoans are aquatic, actively moving 9. Certain microbes develop specialized structures that
organisms because of the presence of thousands of cilia. perform unique roles under specific conditions, especially
Statement-II: The most notorious sporozoan is in relation to poor nutrient condition and survival.
Paramoecium (malarial parasite) which causes malaria. Statement-I: Heterocysts are specialized cells of green
algae for phosphorus fixation.
4. In fungi, sexual reproduction involves the fusion of
Statement-II: Heterocyst cells lack photosynthetic oxygen
specialized structures, leading to genetic variation and spore evolution.
formation through three steps, plasmogamy, karyogamy 10. Statement-I: All the organisms of kingdom Animalia lack
and formation zygote. a simple cellular character, chlorophyll.
Statement-I: Fusion of protoplasms between two motile or Statement-II: All organisms of kingdom Animalia have
non-motile gametes is called karyogamy. cell wall.
 38 Objective NCERT Punch – Biology

Assertion & Reason MCQs

4. Assertion: The spores of slime moulds lack true walls.

Directions: These questions consist of two statements
each, printed as Assertion and Reason. While answering Reason: Spores are dispersed by air currents.
these questions, you are required to choose any one of the 5. Assertion: Several ruminant animals contain methanogens
following four responses. within their gut.
1) 
Both Assertion and Reason are True and the Reason: Methanogens helps is the production of methane
Reason is a correct explanation of the Assertion. from dung of ruminants.
2) Both Assertion and Reason are True but Reason is 6. Assertion: Protozoans are believed to be primitive
not a correct explanation of the Assertion. animals.
3) Assertion is True but the Reason is False.
Reason: All protozoans are heterotrophs, either parasites
or predators
4) Assertion is False but the Reason is True.
7. Assertion: Neurospora is Drosophila of plant kingdom.
Reason: It is widely used in genetic and biochemical work.
1. Assertion: Deuteromycetes are called as imperfect fungi.
8. Assertion: Archaebacteria are ancient bacteria.
Reason: Only asexual or vegetative phases of these fungi
are known. Reason: Archaebacteria are presently living on earth.

2. Assertion: Bacteria are the sole members of kingdom 9. Assertion: Systematics is the branch of biology that deals
monera. with classification of organisms.
Reason: Bacteria have eukaryotic cellular organization. Reason: The aim of classification is to group the organisms
in orderly manner.
3. Assertion: Diatomaceous earth is used in polishing,
filtration of oil and syrups. 10. Assertion: Viroids lack the protein coat.
Reason: Diatoms are chief producers in ocean. Reason: In viroids, bound RNA is found.

Image Based Questions

1. In a bacteriophage, select the correct information? 3. The figure given below represents a Tobacco mosaic virus.
Identify the correct statement about it:
1) A - Head, B - Neck A
2) A - Head, D - Sheath C
B
3) B - Collar, D - Tail fibres

4) C - Sheath, A - Collar D

1) Genetic material is single stranded DNA

2. What kind of reproduction is shown in this diagram?
2) Elongated capsid
Cell
Cell wall membrane 3) Protein coat protects the capsid
4) It is an animal virus
DNA
4. Identify the bacterial shape given in the figure.

Mode of Reproduction Conditions
1) Budding Favourable
1) Bacilli
2) Binary fission Favourable
2) Cocci
3) Spore formation Unfavourable
3) Spirilla
4) Budding Unfavourable 4) Vibrio
Biological Classification 39

5. Name the labeled part of Bacteriophage. 8. Which of the following statement is correct w.r.t A in the
1) Neck given diagram?
2) Sheath
A
3) Coiled circular double
stranded DNA A
4) Collar
6. The given organism belongs to which group?
1) Protozoans
2) Chrysophytes
3) Euglenoids
4) Diatoms
7. Choose the incorrect statement about the given organism?
1) Two, unequal flagella are found 1) ‘A’ is mucilaginous sheath and is also found in Rivularia
2) It dies, when deprived of 2) ‘A’ is mucilaginous sheath and is also found in
sunlight
Anabaena
3) Member of kingdom Protista
3) ‘A’ is heterocyst and is also found in methanogens
4) Photosynthetic pigments are
similar to those of higher plants 4) ‘A’ is heterocyst and is also found in Anabaena

Sequence & Multi-correct MCQs

1. Which groups of organisms are involved in nitrogen (c) Chitinous cell walls
fixation? (d) Membrane-bound organelles
(a) Nostoc (b) Rhizobium Options:
(c) Mycorrhiza (d) Chlamydomonas 1) (c) only 2) (a), (b) and (d) only
(e) Anabaena 3) (c) and (d) only 4) (a), (c) and (d) only
Choose the correct option:
5. Identify the fungi that belong to the class Basidiomycetes:
1) (a), (b) and (e) 2) (a), (c) and (d)
(a) Agaricus (b) Penicillium
3) (b), (c) and (e) 4) (a), (b), (c) and (e)
(c) Rhizopus (d) Neurospora
2. Arrange the following based on the complexity of their (e) Puccinia
body structure, from least to most complex:
Options:
(a) Bacteria (b) Yeast
1) (a), (b) and (c) only 2) (a) and (e) only
(c) Amoeba (d) Human
3) (b), (c) and (d) only 4) (c), (d) and (e) only
Options:
1) (a), (b), (c), (d) 2) (a), (c), (b), (d) 6. Which of the following characteristics are unique to the
kingdom Animalia?
3) (c), (a), (b), (d) 4) (b), (a), (c), (d)
(a) Multicellular
3. Which of the following kingdoms include unicellular
organisms? (b) Heterotrophic
(a) Monera (b) Fungi (c) Cell walls
(c) Protista (d) Plantae (d) Holozoic nutrition
Options: (e) Production of spores
1) (a) and (c) only 2) (b) and (d) only (f) Copulation
3) (c) and (d) only 4) All of these Options:
1) (a), (b) and (c) only
4. Which of the following are features unique to kingdom
Fungi? 2) (a), (b), (d) and (f) only
(a) Nuclear envelope 3) (b), (c), (d) and (e) only
(b) Cellulosic cell walls 4) (c), (d) and (f) only
40 Objective NCERT Punch – Biology

High Order Time Intensive MCQs

1. Read the following statements regarding methanogens and 1) (a) and (e) 2) (d) and (e)
select the correct option: 3) (c) only 4) (e) only
(a) They are included in the group Archaebacteria 6. Which of the following statements is not correct regarding
(b) They are responsible for the production of biogas in the class Ascomycetes?
gobar gas plants 1) Conidia are the asexual spores produced endogenously
(c) They live in hot sulphur springs on conidiophores
(d) They are strictly anaerobic 2) Ascospores are the sexual spores produced
1) Statements (a) and (b) are correct endogenously in asci
2) Statements (a), (b) and (d) correct 3) Aspergillus, Neurospora and Claviceps are ascomycetes
3) Statements (b), (c) and (d) are correct fungi
4) All statements are correct 4) Mycelium is generally branched and septate

2. Read the following statements and select the correct option 7. Read the given statements about lichens and select the
incorrect ones:
Statement 1: Almost all bacteria possess lipoproteinaceous
(a) They represent an example of symbiotic association
plasma membrane
(b) Algal partner obtains water and mineral salts from the
Statement 2: The plasma membrane of Archaebacteria as fungus and the fungal partner obtains food prepared by
well as Eubacteria have same type of lipids
the alga
1) Both statements 1 and 2 are correct and statement 2 is (c) These grow in polluted area
the correct explanation of statement 1
(d) The phycobiont is fungal component
2) Both statements 1 and 2 are correct but statement 2 is (e) The phycobiont is autotrophic
not the correct explanation of statement 1. 1) (a) and (b) 2) (c) and (d)
3) Statement 1 is correct and statement 2 is incorrect 3) (a) and (d) 4) (a), (e) and (d)
4) Both statements 1 and 2 are incorrect 8. Though they are photosynthetic in the presence of sunlight,
3. Which of the following statements is incorrect? when deprived of sunlight they behave like heterotrophs
1) Most abundant bacteria are heterotrophic predating on other smaller organisms. They are
2) Mucor and Rhizopus are examples of ascomycetes. 1) Slime moulds 2) Protozoans

3) Gonyaulax make the sea appear red. 3) Chrysophytes 4) Euglenoids

4) Archaebacteria differ from other bacteria in having 9. The antibiotics have no effect on viruses because
a different cell wall structure and this feature is 1) They kill all bacteria, which act as host of virus
responsible for their survival in extreme conditions. 2) Viruses are too small in size for antibiotics to act upon them
4. The given statements describe a group of organisms. 3) Viruses don't have metabolism of their own
4) Viruses produce a thick covering and encyst themselves
(a) They are saprophytic protists.
as endospores
(b) Under unfavourable conditions, plasmodium
differentiates and forms fruiting bodies. 10. In an experiment, a microbiologist put equal number of
each of the following organism into a flask of sterile broth,
(c) The spores of these organisms possess true walls.
consisting mostly of sugar and a few amino acids. He, then
(d) The spores are dispersed by air currents. placed the flask in the dark. Which of the organism would
Which of the following group is referred here? be most likely to survive?
1) Dinoflagellates 2) Slime moulds 1) Chemoheterotrophic bacteria
3) Desmids and diatoms 4) Euglenoids 2) Cyanobacteria
3) Photoheterotrophs
5. Read the following statements regarding slime moulds and
4) Photoautotrophs
select the incorrect ones.
(a) They are saprophytic protists. 11. Which of the following statement is not correct?
1) Heterotrophic bacteria are most abundant in nature
(b) Under suitable conditions, they form an aggregation
2) Photosynthetic autotrophic bacteria oxidise various
called Plasmodium.
inorganic substances such as nitrates, nitrites and
(c) The spores possess true walls. ammonia and use the released energy for their ATP
(d) The body moves along decaying twigs and leaves production
engulfing organic material. 3) Cyanobacteria have chlorophyll a like green plants
(e) The spores are dispersed by water currents. 4) Bacteria reproduce mainly by fission
Biological Classification 41

12. Which one of the following is a characteristics feature of 1) Nitrosomonas, Nitrobacter

Chrysophytes? 2) Chlorobium, Chromatium
1) They are parasitic forms which cause disease in animal
2) They have a protein rich layer called pellicle 3) Pseudomonas, Clostridium
3) They have indestructible wall layer deposited with silica 4) Nostoc, Anabaena
4) They are commonly called dinoflagellates
17. What may be a ‘photosynthetic protistan’ to one biologist
13. If food sources begin to run out, hyphae respond by making may be ‘a plant’ to another. Which of the following feature
spores. Why? of slime mould shows linkage with plant?
1) Spore production attracts animals, which can be used
1) Presence of holozoic nutrition
to transport the fungi to an area where more food is
available 2) Presence of diverse sexual reproduction
2) Fungi change feeding mechanism once food can no 3) Slime moulds have cellulosic spore wall
longer be absorbed and the spore production is a by 4) Formation of fruiting bodies
product of this change
3) Spore production is favoured by natural selection when
18. A proteinaceous covering which is elastic enough to enable
hyphae are under nutritional stress turning and flexing of the cell, yet rigid enough to prevent
4) Spore production allows fungi to harvest food particles excessive alternation in shape is:
that are floating in the air 1) Pellicle in Euglena
14. You are given an organism to identify. It has a fruiting body 2) Plasmalemma in Peranema
that contains many structures with eight haploid spores
lined up in a row. What kind of fungus is this? 3) Pellicle in Amoeba
1) Zygomycete 2) Ascomycete 4) Plasma membrane in Gonyaulax
3) Deuteromycete 4) Basidiomycete
19. Fungi resemble monerans on the basis of:
15. Many Archaea have special structural, chemical and
1) Structure of fruiting body
metabolic adaptations that enable them to grow in extreme
habitats. Choose the correct option w.r.t. these adaptations. 2) Mycelium
(a) Monolayer cell membrane 3) Absorptive heterotrophy
(b) Pseudomurein cell wall
4) Cellular structure
(c) Branched chain lipids
(d) Primitive nucleus 20. During a microbial study, a spore was observed which
1) (a), (b) & (d) 2) (a), (c) & (d) is thick walled, highly resistant and gets surrounded by
3) (b), (c) & (d) 4) (a), (b) & (c) different layers. These can withstand temperature as high as
100°C or as low as –100°C, so they can remain unharmed
16. Which of the following bacteria are able to manufacture
their food from inorganic raw material with the help during pasteurisation. From these characters spore must be:
of energy derived from exergonic chemical reactions 1) Zoospores 2) Endospore
involving oxidation of an inorganic substance? 3) Auxospore 4) Conidia

NCERT Exemplar MCQs

1. All eukaryotic unicellular organisms belong to: 5. An association between roots of higher plants and fungi is
1) Monera 2) Protista called:
3) Fungi 4) Bacteria 1) Lichen 2) Fern

2. The five kingdom classification was proposed by: 3) Mycorrhiza 4) BGA

1) R.H. Whittaker 2) C. Linnaeus 6. A dikaryon is formed when:
3) A. Roxberg 4) Virchow 1) Meiosis is arrested
3. Organisms living in salty areas are called as: 2) The two haploid cells do not fuse immediately
1) Methanogens 2) Halophiles
3) Cytoplasm does not fuse
3) Heliophytes 4) Thermoacidophiles
4) None of the above
4. Naked cytoplasm, multinucleated and saprophytic are the
characteristics of: 7. Contagium vivum fluidum was proposed by:
1) Monera 2) Protista 1) DJ lvanowsky 2) MW Beijernek
3) Fungi 4) Slime moulds 3) Stanley 4) Robert Hook
42 Objective NCERT Punch – Biology

8. Association between mycobiont and phycobiont are found 3) Plasmogamy, Karyogamy and Meiosis
in: 4) Meiosis, Karyogamy and Plasmogamy
1) Mycorrhiza 2) Root 11. Viruses are non-cellular organisms, but replicate themselves
3) Lichens 4) BGA once they infect the host cell. To which of the following
kingdom do viruses belong to?
9. Difference between virus and viroid is:
1) Monera 2) Protista
1) Absence of protein coat in viroid but present in virus.
3) Fungi 4) None of these
2) Presence of low molecular weight RNA in virus but
12. Members of phycomycetes are found in:
absent in viroid.
(a) Aquatic habitats
3) Both (1) and (2)
(b) On decaying wood
4) None of the above (c) Moist and damp places
10. With respect to fungal sexual cycle, choose the correct (d) As obligate parasites on plants
sequence of events. Choose from the following options.
1) Karyogamy, Plasmogamy and Meiosis 1) None of the above 2) (a) and (d)
2) Meiosis, Plasmogamy and Karyogamy 3) (b) and (c) 4) All of these

NEET & AIIMS Past Year MCQs

1. Match List-I with List-II:  (2024 Re) 4. Which of the following is a correct statement? (2022)
List-I List-II 1) Mycoplasma have DNA, Ribosome and cell wall
Organisms Mode of nutrition 2) Cyanobacteria are a group of autotrophic organisms
(A) Euglenoid (I) Parasitic classified under Kingdom Monera
(B) Dinoflagellate (II) Saprophytic 3) Bacteria are exclusively heterotrophic organisms
(C) Slime mould (III) Photosynthetic 4) Slime moulds are saprophytic organisms classified
(D) Plasmodium (IV) Switching between under Kingdom Monera.
photosynthetic and 5. Which of the following statements is correct ? (2021)
heterotrophic mode 1) Fusion of protoplasms between two motile or non-
Choose the correct answer from the options given below: motile gametes is called plasmogamy.
1) A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I 2) A-IV, B-II, C-I, D-III 2) Organisms that depend on living plants are called
3) A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I 4) A-IV, B-II, C-III, D-I saprophytes.
3) Some of the organisms can fix atmospheric nitrogen in
2. Which one of the following is not a criterion for
classification of fungi? (2024) specialized cells called sheath cells.
4) Fusion of two cells is called Karyogamy.
1) Mode of spore formation
2) Fruiting body 6. Consider the following statements with respect to
characteristic features of the kingdom: (AIIMS 2018)
3) Morphology of mycelium
4) Mode of nutrition
A. In animalia, the mode of nutrition is autotrophic.
B. In monera, the nuclear membrane is present.
3. Match List-I with List-II. (2024)
C. In protista, the cell type is prokaryotic.
List-I List-II
D. In plantae, the cell wall is present.
(A) Rhizopus (I) Mushroom Of the above statements, which one is correct?
(B) Ustilago (II) Smut fungus 1) A only 2) B only
(C) Puccinia (III) Bread mould 3) C only 4) D only
(D) Agaricus (IV) Rust fungus
7. Protista is similar to plantae and different from monera in:
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:  (AIIMS 2010)
1) A-(III), B-(II), C-(I), D-(IV) 1) Mode of nutrition
2) A-(IV), B-(III), C-(II), D-(I) 2) Cellular grade of organization
3) A-(III), B-(II), C-(IV), D-(I) 3) Nuclear membrane
4) A-(I), B-(III), C-(II), D-(IV) 4) Cell wall
Biological Classification 43

ANSWER KEY
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
3 4 4 4 2 2 4 3 4 2 1 4 3 3 1 2 4
18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34
1 4 1 3 3 1 3 3 2 4 2 3 2 1 4 1 4
35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51
3 2 1 3 3 1 1 2 3 2 1 2 2 3 2 1 4
NCERT
52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68
Topic-wise
3 1 2 2 1 3 4 3 3 4 3 1 3 3 4 4 1
MCQs
69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85
4 1 1 2 3 4 2 2 3 1 1 4 2 3 1 2 1
86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102
3 2 2 3 1 1 1 2 2 1 3 4 1 2 2 1 1
103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113
2 1 1 2 4 3 2 1 4 4 1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Matching Type 2 2 3 3 1 2 3 4 3 4 3 1 2 3 1 1 3
MCQs 18 19 20 21 22
1 4 1 1 1

Correct & 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Incorrect MCQs 4 4 1 4 4 4 2 3 2 4 2 4 4 2 1 1 2

Statement 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Based MCQs 1 4 2 4 1 2 1 2 4 3

Assertion & 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Reason MCQs 1 3 2 4 2 1 1 2 2 3

Image Based 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Questions 3 2 2 1 2 1 2 4

Sequence & 1 2 3 4 5 6
Multi-correct
1 2 1 1 2 2
MCQs

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
High Order 2 3 2 2 4 1 2 4 3 1 2 3 3 2 4 1 3
Time Intensive 18 19 20
MCQs
1 3 2

NCERT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Exemplar MCQs 2 1 2 4 3 2 2 3 1 3 4 4

NEET & AIIMS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Past Year
MCQs 3 4 3 2 1 4 3
Explanations 827

NCERT Exemplar MCQs 2. (3) Housefly belongs to family Muscidae.

1. (1) Lower the taxa, more are the characteristics that the Grasshopper belongs to family Acrididae, cockroach
members within the taxon share. So, lowest taxon share the belongs to family Blattidae and fire fly belongs to family
maximum number of morphological similarities, while the Lampyridae.
similarities decrease as we move towards the higher taxa, 3. (4) The characteristic of life includes responsiveness to the
i.e., class, kingdom. environment, growth and ability to reproduce, metabolism,
2. (3) In botanical nomenclature, the family names of plants maintain homeostasis. Differentiation refers to the process
end with the suffix “-aceae”. by which unspecialised cells become specialised into
different types of cells, eventually forming tissues. While
3. (3) According to Simpson (1961), systematics is the this is a characteristic of multicellular organisms, it is not a
science that deals with diversity of organisms and all fundamental characteristic of life that applies to all living
their comparative and evolutionary relationships based on organisms. Many organisms (like unicellular organisms)
study of comparative anatomy, development, comparative do not undergo this process. Therefore, most appropriate
biochemistry, comparative physiology and comparative answer is (4).
ecology. The word systematics is derived from Latin
word ‘Systema’ which means systematic arrangement of Biological Classification
organisms.
4. (3) Genus comprises a group of closely related species which Correct & Incorrect MCQs
has more characters in common in comparison to species of
other genera. The other options do not define genus. 1. (4) Kingdom Protista includes dinoflagellates, euglenoids,
5. (3) Division includes classes with few similar characters. It slime moulds, chrysophytes and protozoans. Euglenoid
is equivalent to ‘Phylum’ of animals. is a group which consist of fresh water organisms. Their
body is flexible because of the presence of a proteinaceous
6. (3) Botanical gardens have collection of living plants while
zoological parks are places where wild animals are kept in layer called pellicle. The flagella are two in number where
protected environment under human care. Both, endemic one being the longer and other shorter. They show both
(local) as well as exotic (foreign to that place) species are autotrophic and heterotrophic property. Because of the
kept in these places. presence of chlorophyll, they perform photosynthesis in the
7. (3) Taxonomic keys are tools that help in identification of presence of sunlight and in the absence they act as predators.
organisms based on the characters, which includes both Thus, all the statements mentioned in the question belongs
monograph and flora. to Euglena.
8. (2) All living organisms – present, past and future, are linked 2. (4) Crystophytes includes diatoms and golden algae
to one another by the sharing of the common genetic material (desmids). Slime moulds, during unfavourable conditions,
(i.e., DNA), but to varying degrees. forms fruiting bodies bearing spores at their tips.
9. (4) Response to external stimuli or to the environment in 3. (1) The cell walls of fungi are composed of chitin and
which an organism lives, is the most important characteristic
polysaccharides.
of any living organism, besides growth and reproduction.
Euglenoids, i.e., members of kingdom protista, are
Growth and ability to make sound are some properties
photosynthetic in presence of sunlight , when deprived of
that can also be observed in non-living things. While virus
sunlight they behave like heterotrophs by predating on other
(which is not included under living organisms) also show
smaller organisms.
growth and reproduction.
Hence, these options are not true. Kingdom monera includes photosynthetic as well as
chemosynthetic and heterotrophic bacteria.
10. (2) The correct option matching with the columns represent
the taxonomic classification of plant potato are 4. (4) Archaebacteria live in harsh habitats such as extreme salty
Family    —   Solanaceae areas, hot springs & marshy areas. Archaean cell wall may
Kingdom   —   Plantae have pseudopeptidoglycan, polysaccharides, glycoproteins
Order    —   Polymoniales or true proteins. The cell membrane contains branched
Genus     —   Solanum chain lipids. Some of them are capable of producing biogas
Species   —   tuberosum (methanogens).
5. (4) In Basidiomycetes, sexual spores, i.e., basidiospores are
NEET & AIIMS Past Year MCQs produced exogenously on the basidium.
1. (None) The taxonomic hierarchy was introduced by 6. (4) Cell wall of diatoms is chiefly composed of cellulose
Linnaeus. It is also known as a Linnaean hierarchy. It is used impregnated with glass- like silica.
to classify organisms into different categories. It includes the
sequence of categories in a descending order from kingdom 7. (2) Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic blue-green algae with
to species and vice versa. all prokaryotic structures.
The ascending order of the taxonomic hierarchy is Species → 8. (3) Bacteria as a group show most extensive metabolic
Genus → Family → Order → Class → Phylum → Kingdom diversity.
828 Objective NCERT Punch – Biology

9. (2) Chemosynthetic autotrophic bacteria oxidize various or morphological characteristics of sexual structures because
inorganic substances to obtain energy. Euglenoids can their sexual form of reproduction has never been observed,
perform photosynthesis. Slime moulds differentiate and form thus the name imperfect fungi.
fruiting body during unfavourable conditions in which spores
9. (4) Cyanobacteria (also known as blue-green algae) are
remain filled.
photosynthetic autotrophs with chlorophyll a similar to
10. (4) All the given statements are correct. green plants. Some of these organisms, such as Nostoc
11. (2) Only option '2' is incorrect because lichens are symbiotic and Anabaena, can fix atmospheric nitrogen in specialised
associations between algae and fungi. cells called heterocysts. Only PS I remains functional in
12. (4) Walls of diatoms are embedded with silica. Euglenoids heterocysts to produce ATP, but no oxygen is liberated in the
have a protein rich layer called pellicle instead of cell wall. location of nitrogenase enzyme. As the enzyme nitrogenase
is extremely oxygen sensitive, this inability to generate O2
13. (4) All statements are correct.
is important.
14. (2) Yeasts are multicellular fungi.
10. (3) Members of kingdom Animalia are multicellular
15. (1) Red dinoflagellates release toxins in large amounts which organisms which do not possess chlorophyll. They are
is harmful. Mycoplasmas lack a cell wall. Bacteria are the heterotrophic eukaryotic organisms. Cell wall is absent.
sole members of the Kingdom Monera.
16. (1) Slime moulds are saprophytic, not autotrophic. Assertion & Reason MCQs
17. (2) Basidiomycetes have septate and branched mycelium, 1. (1) Deuteromycetes is one of the classes of kingdom fungi.
while Phycomycetes have aseptate and coenocytic
mycelium, meaning hyphae of Phycomycetes lack cross They are called imperfect fungi because the only mode of
walls and contain many nuclei. reproduction known is asexual or vegetative.
2. (3) Bacteria are prokaryotic organism. Cellular organization
Statement Based MCQs
of kingdom monera is prokaryotic and bacteria are the sole
1. (1) Archaebacteria differ from other bacteria in having a members of kingdom monera.
different cell wall structure and this feature is responsible 3. (2) Diatoms are major group of chrysophytes. Diatomaceous
for their survival in extreme conditions. Methanogens are
earth consists of fossilized remains of diatoms. Being gritty,
present in the gut of several ruminant animals such as cows
this soil is used in polishing and also as a filtration aid.
and buffaloes and they are responsible for the production of
methane (biogas) from the dung of these animals. 4. (4) The spores of slime moulds possess true walls. They are
2. (4) Chrysophytes, Dinoflagellates, Euglenoids, Slime moulds extremely resistant & can survive for many years.
and Protozoans comes under kingdom Protista. 5. (2) Methanogens occur in marshy areas. They live as
3. (2) Ciliated protozoans are aquatic, actively moving symbionts inside the gut of several ruminant animals such
organisms because of the presence of thousands of cilia. The as cow and buffaloes and are responsible for methane
most notorious sporozoan is Plasmodium (malarial parasite) production.
which causes malaria. 6. (1) Due to the main property of heterotrophisms, and similar
4. (4) Fusion of protoplasms between two motile or non-motile way of behaviour, protozoans (Pro-animals) are meant to be
gametes is called plasmogamy. the primitive animals.
5. (1) Kingdom Plantae includes all eukaryotic chlorophyll- 7. (1) Since, Drosophila is a model organism, for many
containing organisms commonly called plants. Kingdom experiments of genetics (used by T.H. Morgan), similarly
Animalia is characterised by heterotrophic eukaryotic Neurospora is also used in many experiments and is called
organisms that are multicellular and their cells lack cell Drosophila of plant kingdom.
walls. They directly or indirectly depend on plants for food.
8. (2) Archaebacteria are present in most harsh conditions and
6. (2) Viruses are considered as biological systems because they they are also currently present on earth. They are very ancient
contain molecular information in the form of nucleic acid as they originated quite early.
(DNA or RNA), which is transcribed and replicated within
host cells. Viruses are classified as non-living particles 9. (2) Classification is done to make the study of organisms
because none of them have enzyme activity outside of their easy by putting them into convenient categories based
host. on similarities and dissimilarities systematics deals with
classification as well.
7. (1) Cyanobacteria are prokaryotic photosynthetic blue-green
algae. They are monera members. They have chlorophyll a 10. (3) In viroids, free RNA is found.
and photosystems I and II similar to eukaryotes. Image Based Questions
8. (2) Fungi imperfecti, also known as Deuteromycota, are
fungi that do not fit into commonly established taxonomic 1. (3) 2. (2) 3. (2) 4. (1) 5. (2)
classifications of fungi based on biological species concepts 6. (1) 7. (2) 8. (4)
Explanations 829

Sequence & Multi-correct MCQs 9. (3) The antibiotics have no effect on viruses because they
use their host cells to perform their activities for them.
1. (1) Nostoc, Rhizobium and Anabaena are known for their
ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen, playing a crucial role in 10. (1) Chemoheterotrophs are unable to synthesize their
nitrogen cycling in ecosystems. own organic molecules. Instead, these organisms get their
energy from the oxidation of inorganic molecules such as
2. (2) Bacteria (Monera) are simple, unicellular prokaryotes.
carbohydrates, amino acids, lipids, etc., in their environment.
Amoeba (Protista) are more complex unicellular
eukaryotes. Yeast (Fungi), although often unicellular, 11. (2) Chemosynthetic autotrophic bacteria oxidise various
belong to a kingdom generally considered more complex inorganic substances such as nitrates, nitrites and ammonia
than Protista. Humans (Animalia) are the most complex, and use the released energy for their ATP production.
being multicellular eukaryotes with highly differentiated They play a great role in recycling nutrients like nitrogen,
tissues and organs. phosphorus, iron and sulphur.
3. (1) Kingdom Monera and Protista includes unicellular 12. (3) Chrysophytes group includes diatoms and golden
bacteria. Kingdoms Fungi and Plantae generally contain algae (desmids). In diatoms the cell walls form two thin
multicellular organisms. overlapping shells, which fit together as in a soap box.
4. (1) Chitinous cell wall is found in members of Kingdom The walls are embedded with silica and thus the walls are
Fungi. indestructible.
5. (2) Agaricus and Puccinia are examples of Basidiomycetes, 13. (3) If food begins to run out, mycelia respond by making
known for their complex fruiting bodies. Rhizopus belong spores, which are dispersed by wind or animals. Mycelia
to Class Phycomycetes, Penicillium and Neurospora reproduce when food is low; spore production allows
belong to ascomycetes. starving mycelia to disperse offspring to new habitats where
6. (2) Animals are heterotrophic, multicellular, lack cell more food might be available. Thus, spore production is
walls, and exhibit holozoic nutrition, meaning they ingest favoured by natural selection when individuals are under
and internally digest food. They also reproduce sexually, nutritional stress.
typically involving copulation. The production of spores is 14. (2) In Ascomycetes, sexual spores are called ascospores
not a characteristic of animals. which are produced endogenously in sac like asci (singular
ascus). These asci are arranged in different types of fruiting
High Order Time Intensive MCQs
bodies called ascocarps. Ascocarps contains many structures
1. (2) Methanogens are included in group Archaebacteria. They with eight haploid spores lined up in a row.
are special since they live in some of the most harsh habitats
such as marshy areas. Methanogens are present in the gut of 15. (4) Prokaryotes are the simple organisms which have
several ruminant animals such as cows and buffaloes and primitive nucleus. They do not have no well defined nucleus.
they are responsible for the production of methane (biogas) This feature is not an adaptation and is common to all
from the dung of these animals. prokaryotes.
The bacteria which lives in hot springs are known as 16. (1) Chemoautotrophic bacteria are able to manufacture their
thermoacidophiles.
organic food from inorganic raw materials with the help of
2. (3) Archaebacteria differ from other bacteria in having a energy derived from exergonic chemical reactions involving
different cell wall structure. Archaeal membrane lipids oxidation of an inorganic substance present in the external
have ether bonds instead of ester bonds and this feature is
medium. E.g., Nitrosomonas, Nitrobacter
responsible for their survival in extreme conditions.
17. (3) The slime moulds resemble both protozoa and the true
3. (2) Mucor and Rhizopus are examples of phycomycetes.
fungi. They are like protozoa in their amoeboid plasmodial
4. (2) All the given statement describe the characteristics of
slime moulds. stage and similar to true fungi in abundant spore formation.
A spore of slime mould possesses a cell wall of cellulose.
5. (4) Slime moulds are saprophytic protists. The body moves
along decaying twigs and leaves engulfing organic material. 18. (1) Instead of a cell wall, Euglena have a protein rich layer
Under suitable conditions, they form an aggregation called called pellicle which makes their body flexible.
plasmodium which may grow and spread over several feet.
The spores formed during unfavourable conditions possess 19. (3) Absorptive heterotroph is an organism which obtains its
true walls. The spores are dispersed by air currents. food by secreting enzymes into the environment to break
6. (1) In Ascomycetes, the asexual spores are conidia produced down large food molecules, then absorbing the breakdown
exogenously on the special mycelium called conidiophores. products.
7. (2) The algal component is known as phycobiont and fungal 20. (2) An endospore is a dormant, tough, and non-reproductive
component as mycobiont. structure produced by certain bacteria. Endospore can
8. (4) Euglenoids are photosynthetic in the presence of sunlight, survive environmental assaults that would normally kill the
when deprived of sunlight they behave like heterotrophs by bacterium. These stresses include high temperature, high
predating on other smaller organisms. UV irradiation, desiccation, etc.
 830 Objective NCERT Punch – Biology

NCERT Exemplar MCQs NEET & AIIMS Past Year MCQs

1. (2) Protista is a group of all unicellular eukaryotic plants 1. (3) Euglenoids (e.g., Euglena) can photosynthesize in the
and animals. The organisms included in this group are either presence of sunlight and switch to heterotrophic nutrition
photoautotrophs, heterotrophs or parasites. in its absence.
2. (1) RH Whittaker (1969), an American taxonomist, in order
Most dinoflagellates (e.g., Gonyaulax) are photosynthetic.
to develop phylogenetic classification, divided organism into Slime mould exhibits a saprophytic mode of nutrition by
five kingdoms, i.e., feeding on decaying organic matter.
(i) Monera  (ii) Protista  (iii) Fungi
Plasmodium is a protozoan parasite responsible for diseases
(iv) Plantae   (v) Animalia
like malaria.
3. (2) Halophiles are organisms that live in areas of high
concentration of salts. 2. (4) The morphology of the mycelium, mode of spore
formation and fruiting bodies form the basis for the division
4. (4) Slime moulds are saprophytic protists, moving along
of the kingdom fungi into various classes. All fungi derive
the dead leaves engulfing organic material. These are
their nutrition through heterotrophic mode of nutrition.
multinucleated and do not possess cell wall and have naked
cytoplasm. 3. (3) Some common members of basidiomycetes are
5. (3) Mycorrhiza is the symbiotic association of fungus with Agaricus (mushroom), Ustilago (smut) and Puccinia (rust
roots of a higher plants like gymnosperms and angiosperms. fungus).
The fungus is dependent on plants for food and shelter, Rhizopus is also known as the bread mould. It belongs to
while the plants are benefitted by the fungal hyphae as Phycomycetes.
they are involved in absorption of water and dissolved 4. (2) Only statement (2) is correct and rest other statements
minerals present in the soil debris and makes it available are incorrect. Mycoplasma is a bacteria that lacks cell wall.
to the plants. Mycoplasma do have DNA and ribosomes. Bacteria can be
6. (2) Dikaryon is a cell containing two nucleus. This results photosynthetic autotrophic or chemosynthetic autotrophic.
when two somatic cells fuse but their nucleus does not fuse The vast majority of bacteria are heterotrophs, i.e., they
immediately. Meiosis does not result in such conditions. depend on other organisms or on dead organic matter for
food. Slime moulds are saprophytic organisms classified
7. (2) M.W. Beijernek proposed Contagium vivum fluidum under Kingdom Protista.
means contagious living fluid. This phrase was first used
to describe virus, characteristic in escaping from the finest 5. (1) Plasmogamy – It is the fusion of the two motile or non-
mesh available. motile gametes.
8. (3) Lichens are dual organisms which has a permanent Plant parasites - Organisms that depend on living plants
symbiotic association of fungus and an alga. The fungal Heterocyst – Specialized cells in cyanobacteria that helps
partner is called mycobiont and the algal partner is called in fixing atmospheric nitrogen
phycobiont. Karyogamy – Fusion of two nuclei
Mycorrhiza is association of fungus with roots, but not with
an algae, while BGA is blue green alga a member of Monera 6. (4) Kingdom animalia is characterised by heterotrophic
having a prokaryotic cell. eukaryotic organisms that are multicellular and their cells
lack cell walls. In monera, the nuclear membrane is absent.
9. (1) Virus contains DNA or RNA as genetic material and a In protista, the cell type is eukaryotic.
protein coat, whereas viroids have no protein coat but only
RNA as their nucleic acid. This is the reason why viroids 7. (3) Plants are eukaryotic and Monerans are prokaryotes.
are carried inside viruses. e.g., hepatitis-D is a viroid that is Protistans are also eukaryotic so, being eukaryotic, these both
carried in the capsid of hepatitis-B virus. possess a nuclear membrane but it is absent in prokaryotic
monerans.
10. (3) Plasmogamy means fusion of protoplasm and karyogamy
means fusion of nucleus. These two events lead to the
formation of zygote (2n) which is diploid structure where Plant Kingdom
meiosis takes place.
11. (4) In five kingdom classification of Whittaker, non-cellular Correct & Incorrect MCQs
organisms like viruses and viroids are not mentioned. Viruses
did not find a place in classification since they are not truly 1. (4) Rhizome is present in Equisetum. Archegonial branch is
‘living’ and hence, they are considered as non-cellular. present in Sphagnum. Rhizoids are present in Funaria.
12. (4) Phycomycetes are the members of fungi that can thrive 2. (1) Many species of Porphyra, Laminaria and Sargassum
well on dead and decaying wood as saprophytes. These are among the 70 species of marine algae which are used
prefer to live in moist and damp places and need water for as food. Polysiphonia,, Porphyra, Gracilaria and Gelidium
the movement of zoospore and sexual gametes. are the members of Rhodophyceae.

View publication stats