Solution

ELECTROSTATICS REVISION

Class 12 - Physics

1.
(b) DC
Explanation:
The resultant fields due to the diagonally opposite charges will act as shown in the figure. Hence the resultant electric field at
the centre of the square is along with DC.

2.
(c) E along KO
Explanation: E along KO
3. (a) 1.97 × 10 N −8

Explanation: Each electron will attract the proton along the directions shown above. Therefore, the net force on the proton will
be directed midway between these two directions as shown above. The net force will make an angle of 32.5o with the force
q1 q2
along each electron direction. F 1 = F2 =
2
4πε0 r

−19 2 9
(1.6× 10 ) ×9× 10

=
2
−10
(1.5× 10 )

−9
= 10.24 × 10 N
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
F = √F + F + 2F1 F2 cos 32.5
1 2

Hence, net electric force is:

−8
F = 1.966 × 10 N

4.
(d) 4
Explanation: The electric field is always normal to the surface of a conductor. On the surface of a metallic solid sphere, the
electrical field is oriented normally (i.e. directed towards the centre of the sphere) and inside the conductor electric field is zero.
So, 4th line is correct.
5.
(b) zero
Explanation: The forces on charge +Q at vertex A are shown in the figure.

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 The resultant force on charge +Q at A is
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −
F' = √F + F + 2F F cos 120 = F
2 2 ∘

6.
(d) q1q2 < 0
Explanation: Since, the force is attractive, the charges must be unlike.
So, q1q2 < 0

7. (a) ( r

3
)
√2

Explanation:
In first case:
Fe
tan θ = mg

⇒ Fe = mg tanθ

In second case :
F = mg tan θ
′ ′
e

′ ′
F
e tan θ
∴ =
Fe tan θ
′
kq 2 r /2

r2 y/2
=
kq 2 r/2

y
2
r
3
r
=2
r3

′ r
∴ r =
3
√2

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 8.
(c) 1. 88 × 10 Nm /C 5 2

Explanation: The square can be considered as one face of a cube of edge 10 cm with a center where charge q is placed.
q
According to Gauss’s theorem for a cube, total electric flux ϕ = ∈0
is through all its six faces.
Since the charge lies at the center of cube, so by symmetry flux through each of the 6 faces will be equal.
q
Hence, electric flux through one face of the cube i.e., through the square, ϕ = 6∈0

Where, ∈ = Permittivity of free space = 8.854 × 10-12 N-1C2 m-2

0

charge is given by ; q = 10 μC = 10 × 10-6 C = 10-5 C

q −6
10×10 5 2 −1
∴ ϕ = = = 1.88 × 10 N m C
6∈0 −12
6×8.854×10

9. (a) 251 NC-1

Explanation: Electric field at an axial point of the disc at distance r is

E= 2ε0
σ
[1 −
x
]
√R2 + x2

σ x
= × 2π × [1 − ]
4πε0 2
√R + x2

= 9 × 109 × 10 × 10-9 × 6.28 [1 − 2

] NC-1
√9+4

NC-1 = 251.2 NC-1

2
= 90 × 6.28 × [1 − ]
√13

10.
2
q
(b) The magnitude of the force between the charges at C and B is 2
54πϵ0 R

Explanation: The electric field due to charges at A and B are equal and opposite so electric field due to A and B cancels out,
So at O the electric field is due to C only, which has a magnitude
2q q
E = =
2 2
12πϵ0 R 6πϵ0 R

The potential energy of the system is not zero. Potential at O is zero and force between B and C is given by :-
q 2q
2
3 3 q
F = =
0 2 2
54πϵ0 R
4πϵ0 (2RSin 60 )

11.
(c) zero
Explanation: As electric field is parallel to the square surface, the electric flux crossing this surface will be zero.
12.
1 q
(c) 2
(
ε0
− ϕ)

Explanation: Let the electric flux linked with surfaces A, B and C be ϕ A, ϕB and ϕ respectively.
C

Then
q
ϕTotal = ϕA + ϕB + ϕC =
ε0

But ϕ A = ϕC
q
∴ 2ϕA + ϕB =
ε0
q
or 2ϕ A =
ε0
− ϕB

Given ϕ B = ϕ

1 q
∴ ϕA = ( − ϕ)
2 ε0

13.
(d) zero
Explanation: zero, qnet is the algebraic sum of all the charges inside of the area S. here qnet = q - q = 0
Hence flux = zero
14.
(c) Fig (i)

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 Explanation:

15. (a) along the diagonal BD

Explanation: At the centre O, the forces due to the charges at A and C cancel out. The forces due to the charges at Band D add
up along BD. The total force is along BD.
16.
(b) zero
Explanation: As the field E lies in the plane of the surface, it is perpendicular to the normal to this surface.
⃗
ϕ = E ⋅ S
⃗
= ES cos 90o = 0
17.
(c) Both are negative
Explanation: Both the charges are negatively charged because the lines of force are directed towards the two charges.
18.
(b) zero
Explanation: Both the charges are identical and placed symmetrically about BGFC. Electric flux through BGFC is zero,
19.
F
(b) 5
2 2
kq 4kq
Explanation: Force on X by W is F = 2
= 2
(d/2) d

−−−−−−−−−
2 2
W Z = √d + (d/2)
−−
−2
5d
= √
4

2
kq
Force on Z by W is F' =
5d 2

4
2
4kq
=
2
5d
F
= 5

20.
(c) -ve charge oscillates along the Z-axis
Explanation: At the centre of the square frame, E = 0 and V = a constant +ve value. The charge -q held above the frame will
be attracted towards the centre O. As it crosses O, a force begins to act on it in the upward direction. The charge -q begins to
oscillate about O along Z-axis.
21.
(b) Millikan
Explanation: Charge on an electron was calculated by Millikan.
22.
(d) energy will be provided by external source displacing the charge
Explanation: Because the work done by the external force is the change in potential energy and work done by the external
force is positive. Hence energy will be provided by external source displacing the charge.
23.
(d) p ⃗ × E⃗
Explanation: Torque on a dipole,
⃗
τ ⃗ = p⃗ × E

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 –
24. (a) √2 qa along the line joining the points (x = 0, y = 0, z = 0) and (x = a, y = a, z = 0)
Explanation:
The given charge assembly is equivalent to two dipoles. One dipole of charges -q and +q has dipole moment p ⃗ along +ve X- 1

→
direction and other dipole of charges -q and +q has dipole moment p along +ve Y-direction. The resultant dipole moment
2

p⃗ has magnitude,
−−−−−−
−−−−−−−− − –
p = √p 2
1
+ p
2
2
2 2 2 2
= √q a + q a = √2qa

−
−→
p⃗ is directed along OP, where P is (a, a, 0).

qλ
25. (a) 2π ε0 r

qλ
Explanation: 2π ε0 r

4πq
26. (a) 1

6 4πε0

q 4πq
Explanation: ϕ E =
ε0
=
1

6 (4π ε0 )

27.
(b) decreases K times
Explanation: when air is replaced by dielectric medium, electrostatic force decreases by K times
28.
q
(d) Both ∮ E. dS = 0 if the charge is outside the surface and ∮ E. dS = ε0
if charges of magnitude q is inside the surface
Explanation: If there were only one type of charge in the universe, then also Gauss Law would have been valid.
29.
(d) Each one of these
Explanation: If the electric field is E and the area is A, the electric flux associated with the area is ϕ = EA cos θ.
Where θ represents the angle formed between the surface and the electric field.
The electric flux is clearly dependent on the electric field strength, area, and angle between the surface and the electric field.
ρr
30. (a) 3ε0

Explanation: Electric field inside a uniformly charged sphere (r < R),

q
E= ⋅ r
4πε0
1

3
R

But q = 4

3
π R3ρ
ρr
∴ E= 3ε0

31. (a) Perpendicular to the diameter

Explanation: As the side or diameter of hemisphere is plane surface, and whole hemisphere is charged with positive charge so,
the electric field line of forces emerging outward will be perpendicular to the plane surface or diameter.
32.
Q
(c) − 4

Explanation:
Two equal charges of Q each are placed at the points A and B at a distance r apart and the charge q, at the centre C of the line
joining the two equal charges as shown in the figure.

Let us first consider the equilibrium of the charge Q placed at point A. Let FB and FC be the forces on it due to the charges at
the points B and C. For the equilibrium of charge Q at the point A, the net force on it must be zero i.e.
FB + FC = 0
1 Q×Q 1 Q×q
⋅ + ⋅ = 0
4πε0 2 4πε0 2
r (r/2)

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 or Q + 4 q = 0
Q
or q = − 4

It follows that the forces due to charges at the points A and B on the charge q are equal and opposite and hence it will also be in
equilibrium.

33.
a+b
(b) a
Q
Explanation: Original charge density of the first sphere σ = 2
4πa

After the spheres are brought in contact, the charges on the two spheres become Q1 and Q2.
Q1
The new charge density on the first sphere σ 1 =
2
4πa

σ Q
=
σ1 Q1

The spheres also attain a common potential V.

Q1 Q2
V = =
4π ε0 a 4π ε0 b

Q Q +Q a+b
2 b 2 1
= ; =
Q1 a Q1 a

But Q2 + Q1 = Q
Q a+b
Therefore, σ

σ1
=
Q
=
a
1

34.
(c) four times.
Explanation: four times.
35.
(b) 4 μC
Explanation: τ = pE sin θ

= q × 2a × E sin θ

−3
τ 8×10
q = = = 4μC
2a E sin θ −2 5 0
2× 10 ×2× 10 ×sin 30

36.
(b) 2E
K×2q
Explanation: Electric field due to the point charge = E =
r2
K×q
Electric field due to the spherical shell = E' = 2
= 2E
(r/2)

37.
(b) -q
Explanation:

As the net force on q is zero, so

4q×q Qq
k
2
+ k
2
= 0 or Q = -q
l (l/2)

38.
(b) Coulomb
Explanation: The unit of electric charge is Coulomb (C).
39. (a) +0.20 C
Explanation: Charge on 1 electron = -1.6 × 10-19 C
So, Charge on 5 × 1018 electrons
= -5 × 1018 × 1.6 × 10-19 C = -0.8 [∵ q = ne]
Already existing charge = 1 C
So, net charge after electron gain = 1 + (-0.8) = 0.2

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40.
Q
(b) 6ε0

Explanation: When a charge Q is placed at one corner of the cube, only one-eighth of the flux emerging from charge Q passes
through all the six faces of the cube.
Q
∴ ϕE =
6ε0

41. (a) −10 Nm /C 3 2

q
Explanation: Electric flux is given by ϕ = ∈0
since amount of charge not depends on size and shape so by making radius
double the amount of charge remain same, so electric flux remain same.
42.
(b) 20 N
Explanation: Given x = 0.949 m and y = -1.643 m
So,
−−−−−−
2 2
r = √x + y
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
= √(0.949) + (−1.643) = 1.89m

q
Thus, E = 2
4π∈0 r

−9 9
8× 10 ×9× 10
= = 20.15 N /C
2
(1.89)

43.
(c) 6 × 1018
Explanation: As we know that,
q = ne
q
∴ No of protons, n =
e
1
=
−19
1.66×10

= 6.02 × 1018
44.
(b) 2
2
q
Explanation: As we know, F =
1

4πεo r2

On putting values, F = 40N, r = 3 cm = 0.03 m, we get

q2 = 40 × (0.03)2/ 9 × 109
q = 2 × 10 C = 2 μC −6

45. (a) P0 (E2 + E1) k

^

Explanation: perform the cross product:

torque = p × E = |ijk|
So, the torque experienced by the electric dipole in the given electric field is:
P0 (E2 + E1)k
^

46.
(d) − E

Explanation: Electric field of -2Q at the location of charge Q,

(−2Q)
κ
2
=E
r

Electric field of Q at the location of -2Q,

Q
E' = κ 2
= −
E

2
r

47.
(d) Zero
Explanation: Electric field is zero at all points inside a hollow charged conducting sphere.
48.
(c) it has lost electrons
Explanation: it has lost electrons

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49.
(d) smaller
Explanation: F = ma = eE ⇒ a = eE

s = ut + 1

2
at2
h=0+ 1

2
eE

m
t2
−
−−−
t ∝ √−
−
2hm
∴ t=√ eE
⇒ m

As electron has a smaller mass, its time of fall will be smaller than that of a proton.
50.
(d) Zero
Explanation: If a charge +q is placed outside, then the electric field lines incident on the conducting sphere induces -q charge
on one surface whereas the opposite surface becomes oppositely charged (i.e. +q) and the total charge becomes zero.
51. (a) 1. 125 × 10 6
N/C
q 9 −6

Explanation: E = =
9× 10 ×500× 10

4πε0 r2 4

3 6
= 1125 × 10 = 1.125 × 10 N /C

52.
(d) They form closed loops
Explanation: Electric field lines may not always form closed loops.
53.
1
(c) ε0

Explanation: According to gauss law, total electric flux coming out from the surface is given by total charge enclosed divided
by permittivity.
The electric flux emerging out from one-coulomb charge is 1

ϵ0
.

54.
(d) the inverse square law was not exactly true
Explanation: Gauss’s law is based on the inverse square dependence of distance contained in the Coulomb’s law. Any
violation of Gauss’s law will indicate departure from the inverse square law.
55.
(b) any enclosed area
Explanation: The Gauss' law is applicable for any closed surface.
56.
(b) 2λ

4π ε0 R

Explanation: the field at center is given by 2λ

4π ε0 R

−6
q×10
57. (a) 6ε0
−6
Net charge enclosed q×10
Explanation: ϕ E =
1

6
⋅
ε0
=
6ε0

58.
(d) on the outer surface of a charged conductor
Explanation: Electric charge always resides on the outer surface of a charged conductor.
59.
(d) C2 N-1 m-2
Explanation: C2 N-1 m-2
60.
(c) 1. 45 × 10 C −3

Explanation: r = d

2
=
2.4

2
= 1.2m

Surface charge density is :-

−6 2
σ = 80 × 10 C /m
q
σ =
2
4πr

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 q
−6
80 × 10 =
2
4×3.14×(1.2)

−3 −3
q = 1.447 × 10 C ≈ 1.45 × 10 C

61.
(b) F

Explanation: As electric field on axial line vaires as

E ∝ or ∝1

3
or F ∝ F

q
1

3
1

3
r r r

So, when distance is doubled, force reduces to F

8
.

62.
mg
(b) e

Explanation: Force exerted by electric field = Weight of water drop

eE = mg
mg
or E = e

63.
(d) 10-12 m
Explanation: The distance must be greater than the nuclear size (≈ 10-15m). For r ≤ 10-15m, the much stronger nuclear force
makes the coulombic force ineffective.
64. (a) always a force and a torque.
Explanation: always a force and a torque.
65.
2

(b) −κ e
r⃗
r3

Explanation: Charge on an electron = -e

Charge on nucleus of hydrogen = +e
(−e)×e 2
⃗ ke
∴ F = κ ^ = −
r r⃗
2 3
r r

r⃗
Here r^ = r
is unit vector along the line joining electron to the nucleus. The negative sign shows that the force is of attraction.
66. (a) F

Explanation: F

67.
(b) 1

2
r

Explanation: According to Coulomb's law the force between two charges is inversely proportional to the square of distance
between the two charges. So F α . 1

2
r

68.
(c) (a) - (iv), (b) - (iii), (c) - (i), (d) - (ii)
Explanation: As we know that,
q
Linear charge density, λ = , where, L is length of rod L
q
Volume charge density, ρ = V
, where, V is volume
The electric field is quantified by electric field intensity.
The unit of torque is Newton meter.
69.
(c) α -particles
Explanation: α -particles are charged particles, so they are deflected by an electric field.
70.
(b) volt × meter
Explanation: SI unit of electric flux is
2
N×m
=
J×m
= volt × m
C C

71. i. (b): The proportionality constant k depends on the nature of the medium between the two charges.
ii. (a) [ML-3T4A2]

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 iii. (b) 9 × 109 N
q1 q2
iv. (d): F = 4πε0
1

2
d
9 2

10-3)
(9× 10 )× q

∴ (10 × × 10 = 2
(0.6)

q2 = = 4 × 10-12
−1

or 10 ×0.36

9
9×10

or q = 2 × 10-6 C = 2 μC
v. (b) Newton's law of gravitation
72. i. (c) -3.2 × 10-17 C
ii. (a) - 1.6 × 10-18 C
iii. (a) 9.1 × 10-31 kg
iv. (b) there is positive as well as negative charge in the body but the positive charge is more than a negative charge
v. (a) valence electron only.
73. i. (d): If there is only one type of charge in the universe then it will produce electric field somehow. Hence Gauss's law is valid.
ii. (c)
iii. (c): According to Gauss's theorem,
q
Electric flux through the sphere = ε0
q
∴ Electric flux through the hemisphere = 1

2 ε0

= 0.56 × 106 N m2 C-1

−6

= 10×10

−12
2×8.854×10

≈ 0.6 × 106 Nm2 C-1 = 6 × 105 N m2 C-1

iv. (d): As flux is the total number of lines passing through the surface, for a given charge, it is always the charge enclosed Q/ε .
0

If area is doubled, the flux remains the same.

v. (d): As net charge on a dipole is (-q + q) = 0
Thus, when a gaussian surface encloses a dipole, as per Gauss's theorem, electric flux through the surface,
74. i. (a): From Newton's law
qE
F = ma⃗ or qE = ma⃗ ⇒ a = m
=
eE

Using, s = ut + 1

2
at2
−
−−−
∴ h=0+ 1

2
×
eE

m
t
2
⇒ t = √
2hm

eE

ii. (c)
iii. (a): Force is same in magnitude for both.
∴ m1a1 = m2a2;

a1 m2

a2
=
m1
=
1

0.5
=2
qE
iv. (b): Here, u = 0; a = m
;s=y
Using, v2 - u2 = 2as ⇒ v2 = 2
qE
y
m

∴ K.E. = 1

2
mv
2
= qEy
v. (b): If charge particle is put at rest in electric field, then it will move along line of force.
75. i. (c) a vector quantity
ii. (b) cylindrical symmetric
iii. (a) C-m
iv. (a) 10-10 C-m
v. (b) torque but no net force

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